Add files using upload-large-folder tool

.gitattributes

@@ -67,3 +67,12 @@ whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c760.dat filter
 whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c7c0.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c720.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c821.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/spring/data/tradedb.mv.db filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/spring/src/main/webapp/WAS_V7_64-bit_performance.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/src/main/webapp/WAS_V7_64-bit_performance.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c230.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c821.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c760.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c720.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/seg0/c7c0.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+benchmark/whole_applications/daytrader/jakarta/resources/data/tradedb/log/log286.dat filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# VCS
+.git/
+
+# Maven
+.mvn/
+**/.mvn/
+mvnw
+mvnw.cmd
+**/mvnw
+**/mvnw.cmd
+target/
+**/target/
+pom.xml.tag
+pom.xml.releaseBackup
+pom.xml.versionsBackup
+pom.xml.next
+release.properties
+dependency-reduced-pom.xml
+buildNumber.properties
+
+# IDE / Editor
+.vscode/
+**/.vscode/
+.zed/
+**/.zed/
+.idea/
+**/.idea/
+*.iml
+*.ipr
+*.iws
+
+# OS
+.DS_Store
+**/.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
+ehthumbs.db
+
+# Logs / temp
+*.log
+*.tmp
+*.temp

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Contributing to Eclipse Cargo Tracker
+
+Thanks for your interest in this project. Your feedback and contributions are most welcome. Please consider contacting the developers of the project before proposing a change, ideally via the [mailing list](https://accounts.eclipse.org/mailing-list/cargotracker-dev).
+
+## Project description
+
+The project demonstrates how you can develop applications with Jakarta EE using widely adopted architectural best practices like Domain-Driven Design (DDD).
+
+* https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/ee4j.cargotracker
+
+## Developer resources
+
+The project maintains the following source code repository. The project is built using Maven.
+
+* https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker
+
+Issues are tracked on GitHub. Please look through the issues before proposing a change.
+
+* https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker/issues
+
+The following are the project web site and documentation. Please look through them before proposing a change.
+
+* https://eclipse-ee4j.github.io/cargotracker
+* https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker/wiki
+
+## Development Standards/Style
+
+This project complies with the Google Style Guides for [Java](https://google.github.io/styleguide/javaguide.html), [JavaScript](https://google.github.io/styleguide/jsguide.html), and [HTML/CSS](https://google.github.io/styleguide/htmlcssguide.html). You can use the [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format) tool to help you comply with the Google Java Style Guide. You can use the tool with most major IDEs such as Eclipse and IntelliJ.
+
+In general for all files we use a column/line width of 80 whenever possible and we use 2 spaces for indentation. All files must end with a new line. Please adjust the formatting settings of your IDE accordingly. You are encouraged but not required to use HTML Tidy and CSS Tidy to help format your code.
+
+## Roadmap
+The project is currently working on Jakarta EE 10 support. The associated issues are under the jakartaee10 milestone: https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker/milestone/4.
+
+Work on any other issues or other changes are welcome, especially issues marked with the 'good first issue' (https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker/labels/good%20first%20issue) and 'help wanted' (https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker/labels/help%20wanted) labels.
+
+## Eclipse Development Process
+
+This Eclipse Foundation open project is governed by the Eclipse Foundation
+Development Process and operates under the terms of the Eclipse IP Policy.
+
+* https://eclipse.org/projects/dev_process
+* https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/Eclipse_IP_Policy.pdf
+
+## Eclipse Contributor Agreement
+
+Before your contribution can be accepted by the project team contributors must
+electronically sign the Eclipse Contributor Agreement (ECA).
+
+* http://www.eclipse.org/legal/ECA.php
+
+Commits that are provided by non-committers must have a Signed-off-by field in
+the footer indicating that the author is aware of the terms by which the
+contribution has been provided to the project. The non-committer must
+additionally have an Eclipse Foundation account and must have a signed Eclipse
+Contributor Agreement (ECA) on file.
+
+For more information, please see the Eclipse Committer Handbook:
+https://www.eclipse.org/projects/handbook/#resources-commit
+
+## Contact
+
+Contact the project developers via the project's "dev" list. Please consider posting to the list before submitting an issue or pull request.
+
+* https://accounts.eclipse.org/mailing-list/cargotracker-dev

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+FROM maven:3.9.9-ibm-semeru-11-focal
+
+# We’ll work as root for package installs (this is the default in this image)
+USER root
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# System deps: Python, Chromium + driver, curl (for uv installer), and Playwright dependencies
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    python3 python3-venv python3-pip \
+    curl \
+    chromium-browser chromium-chromedriver \
+    libglib2.0-0 \
+    libnspr4 \
+    libnss3 \
+    libatk1.0-0 \
+    libatk-bridge2.0-0 \
+    libcups2 \
+    libxcb1 \
+    libxkbcommon0 \
+    libatspi2.0-0 \
+    libx11-6 \
+    libxcomposite1 \
+    libxdamage1 \
+    libxext6 \
+    libxfixes3 \
+    libxrandr2 \
+    libgbm1 \
+    libcairo2 \
+    libpango-1.0-0 \
+    libasound2 \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Install uv (Python package/project manager)
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+RUN curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh && \
+    ln -s /root/.cargo/bin/uv /usr/local/bin/uv
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# App + smoke project
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+WORKDIR /workspace
+
+# Copy Maven project
+COPY pom.xml .
+COPY src ./src
+
+# Copy smoke test project (assumed to be a uv project with pyproject.toml)
+COPY smoke ./smoke
+COPY test.sh .
+RUN chmod +x test.sh
+
+# Pre-download Maven deps and build once to warm the cache
+RUN mvn -B -DskipTests package
+
+# Optionally pre-resolve Python deps so 'uv run' is fast later:
+# RUN cd smoke && uv sync
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Default command: run the app via Maven Cargo
+# You can then exec into the container to run:
+#   uv run smoke/smoke.py
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+CMD ["mvn", "clean", "-DskipTests", "package", "cargo:run"]

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/LICENSE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Eclipse Foundation
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# Eclipse Cargo Tracker - Applied Domain-Driven Design Blueprints for Jakarta EE
+
+The project demonstrates how you can develop applications with Jakarta EE using widely adopted architectural best practices like Domain-Driven
+Design (DDD). The project is directly based on the well known
+original [Java DDD sample application](http://dddsample.sourceforge.net)
+developed by DDD pioneer Eric Evans' company Domain Language and the Swedish
+software consulting company Citerus. The cargo example actually comes from
+Eric Evans' seminal book on DDD. The original application is written in Spring,
+Hibernate and Jetty whereas the application is built on Jakarta EE.
+
+The application is an end-to-end system for keeping track of shipping cargo. It
+has several interfaces described in the following sections.
+
+For further details on the project, please visit: https://eclipse-ee4j.github.io/cargotracker/.
+
+A slide deck introducing the
+fundamentals of the project is available on the official Eclipse
+Foundation [Jakarta EE SlideShare account](https://www.slideshare.net/Jakarta_EE/applied-domaindriven-design-blueprints-for-jakarta-ee). A recording of the slide deck is available on the official [Jakarta EE YouTube account](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKmmZd-3mhA).
+
+![Eclipse Cargo Tracker cover](cargo_tracker_cover.png)
+
+## Getting Started
+
+The [project website](https://eclipse-ee4j.github.io/cargotracker/) has detailed information on how to get started.
+
+The simplest steps are the following (no IDE required):
+
+* Get the project source code.
+* Ensure you are running Java SE 8, Java SE 11 or Java SE 17.
+* Make sure JAVA_HOME is set.
+* As long as you have Maven set up properly, navigate to the project source root.
+* To run on Payara, type: `mvn clean package cargo:run`
+* To run on Open Liberty, type: `mvn clean -Popenliberty liberty:run`
+* Go to http://localhost:8080/cargo-tracker
+
+To set up in the Eclipse IDE, follow these steps:
+
+* Set up Java SE 8, Java SE 11, or Java SE 17, [the Eclipse IDE for Enterprise Java Developers](https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/) and [Payara 5](https://www.payara.fish/downloads/). You will also need to set up [Payara Tools](https://marketplace.eclipse.org/content/payara-tools) in the Eclipse IDE.
+* Import this code in the Eclipse IDE as a Maven project,
+  the Eclipse IDE will do the rest for you. Proceed with clean/building the application.
+* After the project is built (which will take a while the very first time as Maven downloads dependencies), simply run it via Payara 5.
+
+## Exploring the Application
+
+After the application runs, it will be available at:
+http://localhost:8080/cargo-tracker/. Under the hood, the application uses a
+number of Jakarta EE features including Faces, CDI, Enterprise Beans, Persistence, REST, Batch, JSON Binding, Bean Validation and Messaging.
+
+There are several web interfaces, REST interfaces and a file system scanning
+interface. It's probably best to start exploring the interfaces in the rough
+order below.
+
+The tracking interface let's you track the status of cargo and is
+intended for the general public. Try entering a tracking ID like ABC123 (the
+application is pre-populated with some sample data).
+
+The administrative interface is intended for the shipping company that manages
+cargo. The landing page of the interface is a dashboard providing an overall
+view of registered cargo. You can book cargo using the booking interface.
+Once cargo is booked, you can route it. When you initiate a routing request,
+the system will determine routes that might work for the cargo. Once you select
+a route, the cargo will be ready to process handling events at the port. You can
+also change the destination for cargo if needed or track cargo.
+
+The Handling Event Logging interface is intended for port personnel registering what
+happened to cargo. The interface is primarily intended for mobile devices, but
+you can use it via a desktop browser. The interface is accessible at this URL: http://localhost:8080/cargo-tracker/event-logger/index.xhtml. For convenience, you
+could use a mobile emulator instead of an actual mobile device. Generally speaking cargo
+goes through these events:
+
+* It's received at the origin location.
+* It's loaded and unloaded onto voyages on it's itinerary.
+* It's claimed at it's destination location.
+* It may go through customs at arbitrary points.
+
+While filling out the event registration form, it's best to have the itinerary
+handy. You can access the itinerary for registered cargo via the admin interface. The cargo handling is done via Messaging for scalability. While using the event logger, note that only the load and unload events require as associated voyage.
+
+You should also explore the file system based bulk event registration interface.
+It reads files under /tmp/uploads. The files are just CSV files. A sample CSV
+file is available under [src/test/sample/handling_events.csv](src/test/sample/handling_events.csv). The sample is already set up to match the remaining itinerary events for cargo ABC123. Just make sure to update the times in the first column of the sample CSV file to match the itinerary as well.
+
+Sucessfully processed entries are archived under /tmp/archive. Any failed records are
+archived under /tmp/failed.
+
+Don't worry about making mistakes. The application is intended to be fairly
+error tolerant. If you do come across issues, you should [report them](https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker/issues).
+
+You can simply remove ./cargo-tracker-data from the file system to restart fresh. This directory will typically be under $your-payara-installation/glassfish/domains/domain1/config.
+
+You can also use the soapUI scripts included in the source code to explore the
+REST interfaces as well as the numerous unit tests covering the code base
+generally. Some of the tests use Arquillian.
+
+## Exploring the Code
+
+As mentioned earlier, the real point of the application is demonstrating how to
+create well architected, effective Jakarta EE applications. To that end, once you
+have gotten some familiarity with the application functionality the next thing
+to do is to dig right into the code.
+
+DDD is a key aspect of the architecture, so it's important to get at least a
+working understanding of DDD. As the name implies, Domain-Driven Design is an
+approach to software design and development that focuses on the core domain and
+domain logic.
+
+For the most part, it's fine if you are new to Jakarta EE. As long as you have a
+basic understanding of server-side applications, the code should be good enough to get started. For learning Jakarta EE further,
+we have recommended a few links in the resources section of the project site. Of
+course, the ideal user of the project is someone who has a basic working
+understanding both Jakarta EE and DDD. Though it's not our goal to become a kitchen
+sink example for demonstrating the vast amount of APIs and features in Jakarta EE,
+we do use a very representative set. You'll find that you'll learn a fair amount
+by simply digging into the code to see how things are implemented.
+
+## Cloud Demo
+Cargo Tracker is deployed to Kubernetes on the cloud using GitHub Actions workflows. You can find the demo deployment on the Scaleforce cloud (https://cargo-tracker.j.scaleforce.net). This project is very thankful to our sponsors [Jelastic](https://jelastic.com) and [Scaleforce](https://www.scaleforce.net) for hosting the demo! The deployment and all data is refreshed nightly. On the cloud Cargo Tracker uses PostgreSQL as the database. The [GitHub Container Registry](https://ghcr.io/eclipse-ee4j/cargo-tracker) is used to publish Docker images.
+
+## Java EE 7
+A Java EE 7, Java SE 8, Payara 4.1 version of Cargo Tracker is available under the ['javaee7' branch](https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker/tree/javaee7).
+
+## Contributing
+This project complies with the Google Style Guides for [Java](https://google.github.io/styleguide/javaguide.html), [JavaScript](https://google.github.io/styleguide/jsguide.html), and [HTML/CSS](https://google.github.io/styleguide/htmlcssguide.html). You can use the [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format) tool to help you comply with the Google Java Style Guide. You can use the tool with most major IDEs such as Eclipse and IntelliJ.
+
+In general for all files we use a column/line width of 80 whenever possible and we use 2 spaces for indentation. All files must end with a new line. Please adjust the formatting settings of your IDE accordingly. You are encouraged but not required to use HTML Tidy and CSS Tidy to help format your code.
+
+For further guidance on contributing including the project roadmap, please look [here](CONTRIBUTING.md).
+
+## Known Issues
+* When you load the project in the Eclipse IDE, you may get some spurious validation failure messages on the XML deployment descriptors (these are essentially bugs in the Eclipse IDE). These are harmless and the application is just fine. You can simply ignore these false validation messages or delete them by going to the Markers tab.
+* You may get a log message stating that Payara SSL certificates have expired. This won't get in the way of functionality, but it will
+  stop log messages from being printed to the IDE console. You can solve this issue by manually removing the expired certificates from the Payara domain, as
+  explained [here](https://github.com/payara/Payara/issues/3038).
+* If you restart the application a few times, you will run into a bug causing a spurious deployment failure. While the problem can be annoying, it's harmless.
+  Just re-run the application (make sure to completely un-deploy the application and shut down Payara first).
+* Sometimes when the server is not shut down correctly or there is a locking/permissions issue, the H2 database that
+  the application uses get's corrupted, resulting in strange database errors. If
+  this occurs, you will need to stop the application and clean the database. You
+  can do this by simply removing the cargo-tracker-data directory from the file
+  system and restarting the application. This directory will typically be under $your-payara-installation/glassfish/domains/domain1/config.

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/cargo-tracker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: cargo-tracker
+spec:
+  replicas: 2
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: cargo-tracker
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      name: cargo-tracker
+      labels:
+        app: cargo-tracker
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: cargo-tracker
+        image: ghcr.io/eclipse-ee4j/cargo-tracker:v2.2-SNAPSHOT
+        imagePullPolicy: Always
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: cargo-tracker
+spec:
+  type: ClusterIP
+  ports:
+    - port: 80
+      targetPort: 8080
+  selector:
+    app: cargo-tracker
+---
+apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: Ingress
+metadata:
+  name: cargo-tracker
+  namespace: default
+  annotations:
+    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
+    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/affinity: "cookie"
+    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-expires: "172800"
+    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-max-age: "172800"
+spec:
+  rules:
+  - http:
+      paths:
+      - path: /
+        pathType: Prefix
+        backend:
+          service:
+            name: cargo-tracker
+            port:
+              number: 80

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/mvnw

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Apache Maven Wrapper startup batch script, version 3.3.4
+#
+# Optional ENV vars
+# -----------------
+#   JAVA_HOME - location of a JDK home dir, required when download maven via java source
+#   MVNW_REPOURL - repo url base for downloading maven distribution
+#   MVNW_USERNAME/MVNW_PASSWORD - user and password for downloading maven
+#   MVNW_VERBOSE - true: enable verbose log; debug: trace the mvnw script; others: silence the output
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+set -euf
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != debug ] || set -x
+
+# OS specific support.
+native_path() { printf %s\\n "$1"; }
+case "$(uname)" in
+CYGWIN* | MINGW*)
+  [ -z "${JAVA_HOME-}" ] || JAVA_HOME="$(cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME")"
+  native_path() { cygpath --path --windows "$1"; }
+  ;;
+esac
+
+# set JAVACMD and JAVACCMD
+set_java_home() {
+  # For Cygwin and MinGW, ensure paths are in Unix format before anything is touched
+  if [ -n "${JAVA_HOME-}" ]; then
+    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ]; then
+      # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+      JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
+      JAVACCMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/javac"
+    else
+      JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
+      JAVACCMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/javac"
+
+      if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] || [ ! -x "$JAVACCMD" ]; then
+        echo "The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly, so mvnw cannot run." >&2
+        echo "JAVA_HOME is set to \"$JAVA_HOME\", but \"\$JAVA_HOME/bin/java\" or \"\$JAVA_HOME/bin/javac\" does not exist." >&2
+        return 1
+      fi
+    fi
+  else
+    JAVACMD="$(
+      'set' +e
+      'unset' -f command 2>/dev/null
+      'command' -v java
+    )" || :
+    JAVACCMD="$(
+      'set' +e
+      'unset' -f command 2>/dev/null
+      'command' -v javac
+    )" || :
+
+    if [ ! -x "${JAVACMD-}" ] || [ ! -x "${JAVACCMD-}" ]; then
+      echo "The java/javac command does not exist in PATH nor is JAVA_HOME set, so mvnw cannot run." >&2
+      return 1
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+# hash string like Java String::hashCode
+hash_string() {
+  str="${1:-}" h=0
+  while [ -n "$str" ]; do
+    char="${str%"${str#?}"}"
+    h=$(((h * 31 + $(LC_CTYPE=C printf %d "'$char")) % 4294967296))
+    str="${str#?}"
+  done
+  printf %x\\n $h
+}
+
+verbose() { :; }
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != true ] || verbose() { printf %s\\n "${1-}"; }
+
+die() {
+  printf %s\\n "$1" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+trim() {
+  # MWRAPPER-139:
+  #   Trims trailing and leading whitespace, carriage returns, tabs, and linefeeds.
+  #   Needed for removing poorly interpreted newline sequences when running in more
+  #   exotic environments such as mingw bash on Windows.
+  printf "%s" "${1}" | tr -d '[:space:]'
+}
+
+scriptDir="$(dirname "$0")"
+scriptName="$(basename "$0")"
+
+# parse distributionUrl and optional distributionSha256Sum, requires .mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
+while IFS="=" read -r key value; do
+  case "${key-}" in
+  distributionUrl) distributionUrl=$(trim "${value-}") ;;
+  distributionSha256Sum) distributionSha256Sum=$(trim "${value-}") ;;
+  esac
+done <"$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+[ -n "${distributionUrl-}" ] || die "cannot read distributionUrl property in $scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+
+case "${distributionUrl##*/}" in
+maven-mvnd-*bin.*)
+  MVN_CMD=mvnd.sh _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/maven/mvnd/
+  case "${PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE-}${PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432-}:$(uname -a)" in
+  *AMD64:CYGWIN* | *AMD64:MINGW*) distributionPlatform=windows-amd64 ;;
+  :Darwin*x86_64) distributionPlatform=darwin-amd64 ;;
+  :Darwin*arm64) distributionPlatform=darwin-aarch64 ;;
+  :Linux*x86_64*) distributionPlatform=linux-amd64 ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Cannot detect native platform for mvnd on $(uname)-$(uname -m), use pure java version" >&2
+    distributionPlatform=linux-amd64
+    ;;
+  esac
+  distributionUrl="${distributionUrl%-bin.*}-$distributionPlatform.zip"
+  ;;
+maven-mvnd-*) MVN_CMD=mvnd.sh _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/maven/mvnd/ ;;
+*) MVN_CMD="mvn${scriptName#mvnw}" _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/org/apache/maven/ ;;
+esac
+
+# apply MVNW_REPOURL and calculate MAVEN_HOME
+# maven home pattern: ~/.m2/wrapper/dists/{apache-maven-<version>,maven-mvnd-<version>-<platform>}/<hash>
+[ -z "${MVNW_REPOURL-}" ] || distributionUrl="$MVNW_REPOURL$_MVNW_REPO_PATTERN${distributionUrl#*"$_MVNW_REPO_PATTERN"}"
+distributionUrlName="${distributionUrl##*/}"
+distributionUrlNameMain="${distributionUrlName%.*}"
+distributionUrlNameMain="${distributionUrlNameMain%-bin}"
+MAVEN_USER_HOME="${MAVEN_USER_HOME:-${HOME}/.m2}"
+MAVEN_HOME="${MAVEN_USER_HOME}/wrapper/dists/${distributionUrlNameMain-}/$(hash_string "$distributionUrl")"
+
+exec_maven() {
+  unset MVNW_VERBOSE MVNW_USERNAME MVNW_PASSWORD MVNW_REPOURL || :
+  exec "$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD" "$@" || die "cannot exec $MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"
+}
+
+if [ -d "$MAVEN_HOME" ]; then
+  verbose "found existing MAVEN_HOME at $MAVEN_HOME"
+  exec_maven "$@"
+fi
+
+case "${distributionUrl-}" in
+*?-bin.zip | *?maven-mvnd-?*-?*.zip) ;;
+*) die "distributionUrl is not valid, must match *-bin.zip or maven-mvnd-*.zip, but found '${distributionUrl-}'" ;;
+esac
+
+# prepare tmp dir
+if TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$(mktemp -d)" && [ -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" ]; then
+  clean() { rm -rf -- "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR"; }
+  trap clean HUP INT TERM EXIT
+else
+  die "cannot create temp dir"
+fi
+
+mkdir -p -- "${MAVEN_HOME%/*}"
+
+# Download and Install Apache Maven
+verbose "Couldn't find MAVEN_HOME, downloading and installing it ..."
+verbose "Downloading from: $distributionUrl"
+verbose "Downloading to: $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+
+# select .zip or .tar.gz
+if ! command -v unzip >/dev/null; then
+  distributionUrl="${distributionUrl%.zip}.tar.gz"
+  distributionUrlName="${distributionUrl##*/}"
+fi
+
+# verbose opt
+__MVNW_QUIET_WGET=--quiet __MVNW_QUIET_CURL=--silent __MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP=-q __MVNW_QUIET_TAR=''
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != true ] || __MVNW_QUIET_WGET='' __MVNW_QUIET_CURL='' __MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP='' __MVNW_QUIET_TAR=v
+
+# normalize http auth
+case "${MVNW_PASSWORD:+has-password}" in
+'') MVNW_USERNAME='' MVNW_PASSWORD='' ;;
+has-password) [ -n "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] || MVNW_USERNAME='' MVNW_PASSWORD='' ;;
+esac
+
+if [ -z "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] && command -v wget >/dev/null; then
+  verbose "Found wget ... using wget"
+  wget ${__MVNW_QUIET_WGET:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_WGET"} "$distributionUrl" -O "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" || die "wget: Failed to fetch $distributionUrl"
+elif [ -z "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] && command -v curl >/dev/null; then
+  verbose "Found curl ... using curl"
+  curl ${__MVNW_QUIET_CURL:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_CURL"} -f -L -o "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" "$distributionUrl" || die "curl: Failed to fetch $distributionUrl"
+elif set_java_home; then
+  verbose "Falling back to use Java to download"
+  javaSource="$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/Downloader.java"
+  targetZip="$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+  cat >"$javaSource" <<-END
+	public class Downloader extends java.net.Authenticator
+	{
+	  protected java.net.PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication()
+	  {
+	    return new java.net.PasswordAuthentication( System.getenv( "MVNW_USERNAME" ), System.getenv( "MVNW_PASSWORD" ).toCharArray() );
+	  }
+	  public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception
+	  {
+	    setDefault( new Downloader() );
+	    java.nio.file.Files.copy( java.net.URI.create( args[0] ).toURL().openStream(), java.nio.file.Paths.get( args[1] ).toAbsolutePath().normalize() );
+	  }
+	}
+	END
+  # For Cygwin/MinGW, switch paths to Windows format before running javac and java
+  verbose " - Compiling Downloader.java ..."
+  "$(native_path "$JAVACCMD")" "$(native_path "$javaSource")" || die "Failed to compile Downloader.java"
+  verbose " - Running Downloader.java ..."
+  "$(native_path "$JAVACMD")" -cp "$(native_path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR")" Downloader "$distributionUrl" "$(native_path "$targetZip")"
+fi
+
+# If specified, validate the SHA-256 sum of the Maven distribution zip file
+if [ -n "${distributionSha256Sum-}" ]; then
+  distributionSha256Result=false
+  if [ "$MVN_CMD" = mvnd.sh ]; then
+    echo "Checksum validation is not supported for maven-mvnd." >&2
+    echo "Please disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties." >&2
+    exit 1
+  elif command -v sha256sum >/dev/null; then
+    if echo "$distributionSha256Sum  $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" | sha256sum -c - >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      distributionSha256Result=true
+    fi
+  elif command -v shasum >/dev/null; then
+    if echo "$distributionSha256Sum  $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" | shasum -a 256 -c >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      distributionSha256Result=true
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "Checksum validation was requested but neither 'sha256sum' or 'shasum' are available." >&2
+    echo "Please install either command, or disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [ $distributionSha256Result = false ]; then
+    echo "Error: Failed to validate Maven distribution SHA-256, your Maven distribution might be compromised." >&2
+    echo "If you updated your Maven version, you need to update the specified distributionSha256Sum property." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+# unzip and move
+if command -v unzip >/dev/null; then
+  unzip ${__MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP"} "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" || die "failed to unzip"
+else
+  tar xzf${__MVNW_QUIET_TAR:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_TAR"} "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -C "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" || die "failed to untar"
+fi
+
+# Find the actual extracted directory name (handles snapshots where filename != directory name)
+actualDistributionDir=""
+
+# First try the expected directory name (for regular distributions)
+if [ -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlNameMain" ]; then
+  if [ -f "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlNameMain/bin/$MVN_CMD" ]; then
+    actualDistributionDir="$distributionUrlNameMain"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# If not found, search for any directory with the Maven executable (for snapshots)
+if [ -z "$actualDistributionDir" ]; then
+  # enable globbing to iterate over items
+  set +f
+  for dir in "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR"/*; do
+    if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+      if [ -f "$dir/bin/$MVN_CMD" ]; then
+        actualDistributionDir="$(basename "$dir")"
+        break
+      fi
+    fi
+  done
+  set -f
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$actualDistributionDir" ]; then
+  verbose "Contents of $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR:"
+  verbose "$(ls -la "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR")"
+  die "Could not find Maven distribution directory in extracted archive"
+fi
+
+verbose "Found extracted Maven distribution directory: $actualDistributionDir"
+printf %s\\n "$distributionUrl" >"$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir/mvnw.url"
+mv -- "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir" "$MAVEN_HOME" || [ -d "$MAVEN_HOME" ] || die "fail to move MAVEN_HOME"
+
+clean || :
+exec_maven "$@"

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/mvnw.cmd

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+<# : batch portion
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@REM Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+@REM or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+@REM distributed with this work for additional information
+@REM regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+@REM to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+@REM "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+@REM with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+@REM
+@REM    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+@REM
+@REM Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+@REM software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+@REM "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+@REM KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+@REM specific language governing permissions and limitations
+@REM under the License.
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@REM Apache Maven Wrapper startup batch script, version 3.3.4
+@REM
+@REM Optional ENV vars
+@REM   MVNW_REPOURL - repo url base for downloading maven distribution
+@REM   MVNW_USERNAME/MVNW_PASSWORD - user and password for downloading maven
+@REM   MVNW_VERBOSE - true: enable verbose log; others: silence the output
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@IF "%__MVNW_ARG0_NAME__%"=="" (SET __MVNW_ARG0_NAME__=%~nx0)
+@SET __MVNW_CMD__=
+@SET __MVNW_ERROR__=
+@SET __MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE=%PSModulePath%
+@SET PSModulePath=
+@FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1* delims==" %%A IN (`powershell -noprofile "& {$scriptDir='%~dp0'; $script='%__MVNW_ARG0_NAME__%'; icm -ScriptBlock ([Scriptblock]::Create((Get-Content -Raw '%~f0'))) -NoNewScope}"`) DO @(
+  IF "%%A"=="MVN_CMD" (set __MVNW_CMD__=%%B) ELSE IF "%%B"=="" (echo %%A) ELSE (echo %%A=%%B)
+)
+@SET PSModulePath=%__MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE%
+@SET __MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE=
+@SET __MVNW_ARG0_NAME__=
+@SET MVNW_USERNAME=
+@SET MVNW_PASSWORD=
+@IF NOT "%__MVNW_CMD__%"=="" ("%__MVNW_CMD__%" %*)
+@echo Cannot start maven from wrapper >&2 && exit /b 1
+@GOTO :EOF
+: end batch / begin powershell #>
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+if ($env:MVNW_VERBOSE -eq "true") {
+  $VerbosePreference = "Continue"
+}
+
+# calculate distributionUrl, requires .mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
+$distributionUrl = (Get-Content -Raw "$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties" | ConvertFrom-StringData).distributionUrl
+if (!$distributionUrl) {
+  Write-Error "cannot read distributionUrl property in $scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+}
+
+switch -wildcard -casesensitive ( $($distributionUrl -replace '^.*/','') ) {
+  "maven-mvnd-*" {
+    $USE_MVND = $true
+    $distributionUrl = $distributionUrl -replace '-bin\.[^.]*$',"-windows-amd64.zip"
+    $MVN_CMD = "mvnd.cmd"
+    break
+  }
+  default {
+    $USE_MVND = $false
+    $MVN_CMD = $script -replace '^mvnw','mvn'
+    break
+  }
+}
+
+# apply MVNW_REPOURL and calculate MAVEN_HOME
+# maven home pattern: ~/.m2/wrapper/dists/{apache-maven-<version>,maven-mvnd-<version>-<platform>}/<hash>
+if ($env:MVNW_REPOURL) {
+  $MVNW_REPO_PATTERN = if ($USE_MVND -eq $False) { "/org/apache/maven/" } else { "/maven/mvnd/" }
+  $distributionUrl = "$env:MVNW_REPOURL$MVNW_REPO_PATTERN$($distributionUrl -replace "^.*$MVNW_REPO_PATTERN",'')"
+}
+$distributionUrlName = $distributionUrl -replace '^.*/',''
+$distributionUrlNameMain = $distributionUrlName -replace '\.[^.]*$','' -replace '-bin$',''
+
+$MAVEN_M2_PATH = "$HOME/.m2"
+if ($env:MAVEN_USER_HOME) {
+  $MAVEN_M2_PATH = "$env:MAVEN_USER_HOME"
+}
+
+if (-not (Test-Path -Path $MAVEN_M2_PATH)) {
+    New-Item -Path $MAVEN_M2_PATH -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
+}
+
+$MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = $null
+if ((Get-Item $MAVEN_M2_PATH).Target[0] -eq $null) {
+  $MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = "$MAVEN_M2_PATH/wrapper/dists"
+} else {
+  $MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = (Get-Item $MAVEN_M2_PATH).Target[0] + "/wrapper/dists"
+}
+
+$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT = "$MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS/$distributionUrlNameMain"
+$MAVEN_HOME_NAME = ([System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256]::Create().ComputeHash([byte[]][char[]]$distributionUrl) | ForEach-Object {$_.ToString("x2")}) -join ''
+$MAVEN_HOME = "$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT/$MAVEN_HOME_NAME"
+
+if (Test-Path -Path "$MAVEN_HOME" -PathType Container) {
+  Write-Verbose "found existing MAVEN_HOME at $MAVEN_HOME"
+  Write-Output "MVN_CMD=$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"
+  exit $?
+}
+
+if (! $distributionUrlNameMain -or ($distributionUrlName -eq $distributionUrlNameMain)) {
+  Write-Error "distributionUrl is not valid, must end with *-bin.zip, but found $distributionUrl"
+}
+
+# prepare tmp dir
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER = New-TemporaryFile
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR = New-Item -Itemtype Directory -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER.dir"
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER.Delete() | Out-Null
+trap {
+  if ($TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR.Exists) {
+    try { Remove-Item $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR -Recurse -Force | Out-Null }
+    catch { Write-Warning "Cannot remove $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" }
+  }
+}
+
+New-Item -Itemtype Directory -Path "$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT" -Force | Out-Null
+
+# Download and Install Apache Maven
+Write-Verbose "Couldn't find MAVEN_HOME, downloading and installing it ..."
+Write-Verbose "Downloading from: $distributionUrl"
+Write-Verbose "Downloading to: $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+
+$webclient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
+if ($env:MVNW_USERNAME -and $env:MVNW_PASSWORD) {
+  $webclient.Credentials = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential($env:MVNW_USERNAME, $env:MVNW_PASSWORD)
+}
+[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+$webclient.DownloadFile($distributionUrl, "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName") | Out-Null
+
+# If specified, validate the SHA-256 sum of the Maven distribution zip file
+$distributionSha256Sum = (Get-Content -Raw "$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties" | ConvertFrom-StringData).distributionSha256Sum
+if ($distributionSha256Sum) {
+  if ($USE_MVND) {
+    Write-Error "Checksum validation is not supported for maven-mvnd. `nPlease disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties."
+  }
+  Import-Module $PSHOME\Modules\Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility -Function Get-FileHash
+  if ((Get-FileHash "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -Algorithm SHA256).Hash.ToLower() -ne $distributionSha256Sum) {
+    Write-Error "Error: Failed to validate Maven distribution SHA-256, your Maven distribution might be compromised. If you updated your Maven version, you need to update the specified distributionSha256Sum property."
+  }
+}
+
+# unzip and move
+Expand-Archive "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -DestinationPath "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" | Out-Null
+
+# Find the actual extracted directory name (handles snapshots where filename != directory name)
+$actualDistributionDir = ""
+
+# First try the expected directory name (for regular distributions)
+$expectedPath = Join-Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" "$distributionUrlNameMain"
+$expectedMvnPath = Join-Path "$expectedPath" "bin/$MVN_CMD"
+if ((Test-Path -Path $expectedPath -PathType Container) -and (Test-Path -Path $expectedMvnPath -PathType Leaf)) {
+  $actualDistributionDir = $distributionUrlNameMain
+}
+
+# If not found, search for any directory with the Maven executable (for snapshots)
+if (!$actualDistributionDir) {
+  Get-ChildItem -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" -Directory | ForEach-Object {
+    $testPath = Join-Path $_.FullName "bin/$MVN_CMD"
+    if (Test-Path -Path $testPath -PathType Leaf) {
+      $actualDistributionDir = $_.Name
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+if (!$actualDistributionDir) {
+  Write-Error "Could not find Maven distribution directory in extracted archive"
+}
+
+Write-Verbose "Found extracted Maven distribution directory: $actualDistributionDir"
+Rename-Item -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir" -NewName $MAVEN_HOME_NAME | Out-Null
+try {
+  Move-Item -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$MAVEN_HOME_NAME" -Destination $MAVEN_HOME_PARENT | Out-Null
+} catch {
+  if (! (Test-Path -Path "$MAVEN_HOME" -PathType Container)) {
+    Write-Error "fail to move MAVEN_HOME"
+  }
+} finally {
+  try { Remove-Item $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR -Recurse -Force | Out-Null }
+  catch { Write-Warning "Cannot remove $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" }
+}
+
+Write-Output "MVN_CMD=$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <groupId>org.eclipse.ee4j</groupId>
+  <artifactId>cargo-tracker</artifactId>
+  <version>2.2-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  <packaging>war</packaging>
+  <name>Eclipse Cargo Tracker</name>
+  <description>The project demonstrates how you can develop applications with the Jakarta EE platform using widely adopted architectural best practices like Domain-Driven Design (DDD).</description>
+  <url>https://eclipse-ee4j.github.io/cargotracker/</url>
+  <organization>
+    <name>Eclipse Foundation</name>
+    <url>https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/</url>
+  </organization>
+  <issueManagement>
+    <system>github</system>
+    <url>https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/cargotracker/issues</url>
+  </issueManagement>
+  <properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <project.report.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.report.sourceEncoding>
+    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
+    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
+    <jakartaee-api.version>8.0.0</jakartaee-api.version>
+  </properties>
+  <dependencyManagement>
+    <dependencies>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian</groupId>
+        <artifactId>arquillian-bom</artifactId>
+        <version>1.7.0.Final</version>
+        <scope>import</scope>
+        <type>pom</type>
+      </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+  </dependencyManagement>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>jakarta.platform</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jakarta.jakartaee-api</artifactId>
+      <version>${jakartaee-api.version}</version>
+      <scope>provided</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
+      <version>2.3.8</version>
+      <scope>provided</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+      <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+      <version>3.18.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.primefaces</groupId>
+      <artifactId>primefaces</artifactId>
+      <version>10.0.26-LTS</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>junit</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+      <version>4.13.2</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
+      <artifactId>hamcrest</artifactId>
+      <version>2.2</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+      <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+      <version>3.24.2</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.junit</groupId>
+      <artifactId>arquillian-junit-container</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.jboss.shrinkwrap.resolver</groupId>
+      <artifactId>shrinkwrap-resolver-impl-maven</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+      <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+  <build>
+    <finalName>cargo-tracker</finalName>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>3.4.0</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
+          <filteringDeploymentDescriptors>true</filteringDeploymentDescriptors>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>openliberty</id>
+      <activation>
+        <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
+      </activation>
+      <properties>
+        <webapp.graphTraversalUrl>http://localhost:8080/cargo-tracker/rest/graph-traversal/shortest-path</webapp.graphTraversalUrl>
+        <db.driverClass>org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource</db.driverClass>
+        <db.jdbcUrl>jdbc:h2:file:./cargo-tracker-data/cargo-tracker-database</db.jdbcUrl>
+        <db.user />
+        <db.password />
+      </properties>
+      <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
+          <artifactId>jersey-server</artifactId>
+          <version>3.1.2</version>
+          <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+          <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+          <version>2.2.220</version>
+          <scope>runtime</scope>
+        </dependency>
+      </dependencies>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>io.openliberty.tools</groupId>
+            <artifactId>liberty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>3.10.3</version>
+            <configuration>
+              <serverName>cargo-tracker</serverName>
+              <looseApplication>true</looseApplication>
+              <copyDependencies>
+                <dependencyGroup>
+                  <location>lib/global/jdbc</location>
+                  <dependency>
+                    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+                  </dependency>
+                </dependencyGroup>
+              </copyDependencies>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+    <profile>
+      <id>payara</id>
+      <activation>
+        <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
+      </activation>
+      <properties>
+        <payara.version>5.2022.5</payara.version>
+        <webapp.graphTraversalUrl>http://localhost:8080/cargo-tracker/rest/graph-traversal/shortest-path</webapp.graphTraversalUrl>
+        <db.driverClass>org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource</db.driverClass>
+        <db.jdbcUrl>jdbc:h2:file:./cargo-tracker-data/cargo-tracker-database;create=true</db.jdbcUrl>
+        <db.user />
+        <db.password />
+      </properties>
+      <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
+          <artifactId>jersey-server</artifactId>
+          <version>3.1.2</version>
+          <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+          <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+          <version>2.2.220</version>
+          <scope>runtime</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>fish.payara.extras</groupId>
+          <artifactId>payara-micro</artifactId>
+          <version>${payara.version}</version>
+          <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>fish.payara.arquillian</groupId>
+          <artifactId>arquillian-payara-micro-managed</artifactId>
+          <version>2.4.5</version>
+          <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+      </dependencies>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>3.1.2</version>
+          </plugin>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
+            <artifactId>cargo-maven3-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.10.7</version>
+            <configuration>
+              <container>
+                <containerId>payara</containerId>
+                <artifactInstaller>
+                  <groupId>fish.payara.distributions</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>payara</artifactId>
+                  <version>${payara.version}</version>
+                </artifactInstaller>
+                <timeout>180000</timeout>
+              </container>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+    <profile>
+      <id>cloud</id>
+      <activation>
+        <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
+      </activation>
+      <properties>
+        <payara.version>5.2022.5</payara.version>
+        <webapp.graphTraversalUrl>http://localhost:8080/rest/graph-traversal/shortest-path</webapp.graphTraversalUrl>
+        <db.driverClass>org.postgresql.ds.PGPoolingDataSource</db.driverClass>
+        <db.jdbcUrl>${postgreSqlJdbcUrl}</db.jdbcUrl>
+        <db.user>${postgreSqlUsername}</db.user>
+        <db.password>${postgreSqlPassword}</db.password>
+      </properties>
+      <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
+          <artifactId>jersey-server</artifactId>
+          <version>3.1.2</version>
+          <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+          <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+          <version>2.2.220</version>
+          <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>fish.payara.extras</groupId>
+          <artifactId>payara-micro</artifactId>
+          <version>${payara.version}</version>
+          <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>fish.payara.arquillian</groupId>
+          <artifactId>arquillian-payara-micro-managed</artifactId>
+          <version>2.5</version>
+          <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+      </dependencies>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>3.6.0</version>
+            <executions>
+              <execution>
+                <id>copy</id>
+                <phase>prepare-package</phase>
+                <goals>
+                  <goal>copy</goal>
+                </goals>
+              </execution>
+            </executions>
+            <configuration>
+              <artifactItems>
+                <artifactItem>
+                  <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
+                  <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
+                  <version>42.6.0</version>
+                  <overWrite>true</overWrite>
+                  <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
+                  <destFileName>postgresql.jar</destFileName>
+                </artifactItem>
+              </artifactItems>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>3.1.2</version>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+</project>

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/post-boot-commands.asadmin

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+add-library /tmp/postgresql.jar
+deploy --name cargo-tracker --contextroot / /tmp/cargo-tracker.war

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/postgres.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: postgres
+spec:
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: postgres
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: postgres
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - image: postgres
+          name: postgres
+          env:
+            - name: POSTGRES_USER
+              valueFrom:
+                configMapKeyRef:
+                  name: postgres-config
+                  key: postgres_user
+            - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
+              valueFrom:
+                configMapKeyRef:
+                  name: postgres-config
+                  key: postgres_password
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 5432
+              name: postgres
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: postgres
+spec:
+  type: ClusterIP
+  ports:
+    - port: 5432
+  selector:
+    app: postgres

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/jakarta/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+BASE_URL="${BASE_URL:-http://localhost:8080/cargo-tracker}"
+
+echo "Health check: ${BASE_URL}/index.xhtml"
+HTTP_STATUS=$(curl -sL -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "${BASE_URL}/index.xhtml")
+
+if [ "$HTTP_STATUS" -eq 200 ]; then
+  echo "PASS - got HTTP ${HTTP_STATUS}"
+  exit 0
+else
+  echo "FAIL - got HTTP ${HTTP_STATUS}"
+  exit 1
+fi

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/quarkus/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# VCS
+.git/
+
+# Maven
+.mvn/
+**/.mvn/
+mvnw
+mvnw.cmd
+**/mvnw
+**/mvnw.cmd
+target/
+**/target/
+pom.xml.tag
+pom.xml.releaseBackup
+pom.xml.versionsBackup
+pom.xml.next
+release.properties
+dependency-reduced-pom.xml
+buildNumber.properties
+
+# IDE / Editor
+.vscode/
+**/.vscode/
+.zed/
+**/.zed/
+.idea/
+**/.idea/
+*.iml
+*.ipr
+*.iws
+
+# OS
+.DS_Store
+**/.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
+ehthumbs.db
+
+# Logs / temp
+*.log
+*.tmp
+*.temp

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/quarkus/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+FROM maven:3.9.12-ibm-semeru-21-noble
+
+USER root
+# install uv
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends curl lsof python3-venv python3-full     && curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
+
+ENV PATH="/root/.local/bin:$PATH"
+
+# Shared browsers path so Chromium is cached once
+ENV PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=/ms-playwright
+RUN mkdir -p /ms-playwright && chmod 755 /ms-playwright
+
+# create venv and install
+RUN uv venv /opt/venv     && uv pip install --python /opt/venv/bin/python playwright==1.47.0 pytest
+
+ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
+RUN playwright install --with-deps chromium
+
+# Install ActiveMQ Artemis (required as AMQP broker for JMS messaging)
+ENV ARTEMIS_VERSION=2.31.2
+ENV ARTEMIS_HOME=/opt/artemis
+RUN curl -L -o /tmp/artemis.tar.gz "https://archive.apache.org/dist/activemq/activemq-artemis/${ARTEMIS_VERSION}/apache-artemis-${ARTEMIS_VERSION}-bin.tar.gz" \
+    && mkdir -p ${ARTEMIS_HOME} \
+    && tar xzf /tmp/artemis.tar.gz -C ${ARTEMIS_HOME} --strip-components=1 \
+    && rm /tmp/artemis.tar.gz \
+    && ${ARTEMIS_HOME}/bin/artemis create /var/lib/artemis-broker \
+       --user quarkus --password quarkus --allow-anonymous --no-web --silent
+
+# Set working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy all the assets
+COPY . .
+
+RUN if [ -f mvnw ]; then chmod +x mvnw; fi && if [ -f smoke.py ]; then chmod +x smoke.py; fi && if [ -f test.sh ]; then chmod +x test.sh; fi
+
+# Build the application at image build time
+RUN mvn clean install -DskipTests
+
+# Start Artemis broker in background, then run Quarkus
+CMD /var/lib/artemis-broker/bin/artemis-service start && mvn quarkus:run

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/quarkus/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# cargo-tracker
+
+This project uses Quarkus, the Supersonic Subatomic Java Framework.
+
+If you want to learn more about Quarkus, please visit its website: <https://quarkus.io/>.
+
+## Running the application in dev mode
+
+The application uses an external messaging sever, so before running the application make sure to start your messaging server.
+For example:
+
+```sh
+docker run -it --rm -p 8161:8161 -p 61616:61616 -p 5672:5672 -e AMQ_USER=quarkus -e AMQ_PASSWORD=quarkus quay.io/artemiscloud/activemq-artemis-broker:1.0.32
+```
+
+You can run your application in dev mode that enables live coding using:
+
+```sh
+./mvnw quarkus:dev
+```
+
+> **_NOTE:_**  Quarkus now ships with a Dev UI, which is available in dev mode only at <http://localhost:8080/q/dev/>.
+
+## Packaging and running the application
+
+The application can be packaged using:
+
+```sh
+./mvnw package
+```
+
+It produces the `quarkus-run.jar` file in the `target/quarkus-app/` directory.
+Be aware that it’s not an _über-jar_ as the dependencies are copied into the `target/quarkus-app/lib/` directory.
+
+The application is now runnable using `java -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar`.
+
+If you want to build an _über-jar_, execute the following command:
+
+```sh
+./mvnw package -Dquarkus.package.jar.type=uber-jar
+```
+
+The application, packaged as an _über-jar_, is now runnable using `java -jar target/*-runner.jar`.
+
+## Creating a native executable
+
+You can create a native executable using:
+
+```sh
+./mvnw package -Dnative
+```
+
+Or, if you don't have GraalVM installed, you can run the native executable build in a container using:
+
+```sh
+./mvnw package -Dnative -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true
+```
+
+You can then execute your native executable with: `./target/cargo-tracker-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT-runner`
+
+If you want to learn more about building native executables, please consult <https://quarkus.io/guides/maven-tooling>.
+
+## Related Guides
+
+- AMQP 1.0 JMS client - Apache Qpid JMS ([guide](https://quarkus.io/guides/jms)): Use JMS APIs with AMQP 1.0 servers such as ActiveMQ Artemis, ActiveMQ 5, Qpid Broker-J, Qpid Dispatch router, Azure Service Bus, and more
+- JDBC Driver - H2 ([guide](https://quarkus.io/guides/datasource)): Connect to the H2 database via JDBC
+- Hibernate Validator ([guide](https://quarkus.io/guides/validation)): Validate object properties (field, getter) and method parameters for your beans (REST, CDI, Jakarta Persistence)
+- PrimeFaces ([guide](https://quarkiverse.github.io/quarkiverse-docs/quarkus-primefaces/dev/)): PrimeFaces - lets you utilize PrimeFaces and PF Extensions to make JavaServer Faces (JSF) development so much easier!
+- REST Jackson ([guide](https://quarkus.io/guides/rest#json-serialisation)): Jackson serialization support for Quarkus REST. This extension is not compatible with the quarkus-resteasy extension, or any of the extensions that depend on it
+- Hibernate ORM with Panache ([guide](https://quarkus.io/guides/hibernate-orm-panache)): Simplify your persistence code for Hibernate ORM via the active record or the repository pattern
+- Scheduler ([guide](https://quarkus.io/guides/scheduler)): Schedule jobs and tasks
+- JBeret - Batch Processing ([guide](https://github.com/quarkiverse/quarkus-jberet#readme)): Write Batch Applications with JBeret a JSR-352 implementation
+- REST JAXB ([guide](https://quarkus.io/guides/resteasy-reactive#xml-serialisation)): JAXB serialization support for Quarkus REST. This extension is not compatible with the quarkus-resteasy extension, or any of the extensions that depend on it.
+
+## Provided Code
+
+### Hibernate ORM
+
+Create your first JPA entity
+
+[Related guide section...](https://quarkus.io/guides/hibernate-orm)
+
+[Related Hibernate with Panache section...](https://quarkus.io/guides/hibernate-orm-panache)
+
+
+### REST
+
+Easily start your REST Web Services
+
+[Related guide section...](https://quarkus.io/guides/getting-started-reactive#reactive-jax-rs-resources)

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/quarkus/mvnw

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Apache Maven Wrapper startup batch script, version 3.3.4
+#
+# Optional ENV vars
+# -----------------
+#   JAVA_HOME - location of a JDK home dir, required when download maven via java source
+#   MVNW_REPOURL - repo url base for downloading maven distribution
+#   MVNW_USERNAME/MVNW_PASSWORD - user and password for downloading maven
+#   MVNW_VERBOSE - true: enable verbose log; debug: trace the mvnw script; others: silence the output
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+set -euf
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != debug ] || set -x
+
+# OS specific support.
+native_path() { printf %s\\n "$1"; }
+case "$(uname)" in
+CYGWIN* | MINGW*)
+  [ -z "${JAVA_HOME-}" ] || JAVA_HOME="$(cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME")"
+  native_path() { cygpath --path --windows "$1"; }
+  ;;
+esac
+
+# set JAVACMD and JAVACCMD
+set_java_home() {
+  # For Cygwin and MinGW, ensure paths are in Unix format before anything is touched
+  if [ -n "${JAVA_HOME-}" ]; then
+    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ]; then
+      # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+      JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
+      JAVACCMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/javac"
+    else
+      JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
+      JAVACCMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/javac"
+
+      if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] || [ ! -x "$JAVACCMD" ]; then
+        echo "The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly, so mvnw cannot run." >&2
+        echo "JAVA_HOME is set to \"$JAVA_HOME\", but \"\$JAVA_HOME/bin/java\" or \"\$JAVA_HOME/bin/javac\" does not exist." >&2
+        return 1
+      fi
+    fi
+  else
+    JAVACMD="$(
+      'set' +e
+      'unset' -f command 2>/dev/null
+      'command' -v java
+    )" || :
+    JAVACCMD="$(
+      'set' +e
+      'unset' -f command 2>/dev/null
+      'command' -v javac
+    )" || :
+
+    if [ ! -x "${JAVACMD-}" ] || [ ! -x "${JAVACCMD-}" ]; then
+      echo "The java/javac command does not exist in PATH nor is JAVA_HOME set, so mvnw cannot run." >&2
+      return 1
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+# hash string like Java String::hashCode
+hash_string() {
+  str="${1:-}" h=0
+  while [ -n "$str" ]; do
+    char="${str%"${str#?}"}"
+    h=$(((h * 31 + $(LC_CTYPE=C printf %d "'$char")) % 4294967296))
+    str="${str#?}"
+  done
+  printf %x\\n $h
+}
+
+verbose() { :; }
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != true ] || verbose() { printf %s\\n "${1-}"; }
+
+die() {
+  printf %s\\n "$1" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+trim() {
+  # MWRAPPER-139:
+  #   Trims trailing and leading whitespace, carriage returns, tabs, and linefeeds.
+  #   Needed for removing poorly interpreted newline sequences when running in more
+  #   exotic environments such as mingw bash on Windows.
+  printf "%s" "${1}" | tr -d '[:space:]'
+}
+
+scriptDir="$(dirname "$0")"
+scriptName="$(basename "$0")"
+
+# parse distributionUrl and optional distributionSha256Sum, requires .mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
+while IFS="=" read -r key value; do
+  case "${key-}" in
+  distributionUrl) distributionUrl=$(trim "${value-}") ;;
+  distributionSha256Sum) distributionSha256Sum=$(trim "${value-}") ;;
+  esac
+done <"$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+[ -n "${distributionUrl-}" ] || die "cannot read distributionUrl property in $scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+
+case "${distributionUrl##*/}" in
+maven-mvnd-*bin.*)
+  MVN_CMD=mvnd.sh _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/maven/mvnd/
+  case "${PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE-}${PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432-}:$(uname -a)" in
+  *AMD64:CYGWIN* | *AMD64:MINGW*) distributionPlatform=windows-amd64 ;;
+  :Darwin*x86_64) distributionPlatform=darwin-amd64 ;;
+  :Darwin*arm64) distributionPlatform=darwin-aarch64 ;;
+  :Linux*x86_64*) distributionPlatform=linux-amd64 ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Cannot detect native platform for mvnd on $(uname)-$(uname -m), use pure java version" >&2
+    distributionPlatform=linux-amd64
+    ;;
+  esac
+  distributionUrl="${distributionUrl%-bin.*}-$distributionPlatform.zip"
+  ;;
+maven-mvnd-*) MVN_CMD=mvnd.sh _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/maven/mvnd/ ;;
+*) MVN_CMD="mvn${scriptName#mvnw}" _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/org/apache/maven/ ;;
+esac
+
+# apply MVNW_REPOURL and calculate MAVEN_HOME
+# maven home pattern: ~/.m2/wrapper/dists/{apache-maven-<version>,maven-mvnd-<version>-<platform>}/<hash>
+[ -z "${MVNW_REPOURL-}" ] || distributionUrl="$MVNW_REPOURL$_MVNW_REPO_PATTERN${distributionUrl#*"$_MVNW_REPO_PATTERN"}"
+distributionUrlName="${distributionUrl##*/}"
+distributionUrlNameMain="${distributionUrlName%.*}"
+distributionUrlNameMain="${distributionUrlNameMain%-bin}"
+MAVEN_USER_HOME="${MAVEN_USER_HOME:-${HOME}/.m2}"
+MAVEN_HOME="${MAVEN_USER_HOME}/wrapper/dists/${distributionUrlNameMain-}/$(hash_string "$distributionUrl")"
+
+exec_maven() {
+  unset MVNW_VERBOSE MVNW_USERNAME MVNW_PASSWORD MVNW_REPOURL || :
+  exec "$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD" "$@" || die "cannot exec $MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"
+}
+
+if [ -d "$MAVEN_HOME" ]; then
+  verbose "found existing MAVEN_HOME at $MAVEN_HOME"
+  exec_maven "$@"
+fi
+
+case "${distributionUrl-}" in
+*?-bin.zip | *?maven-mvnd-?*-?*.zip) ;;
+*) die "distributionUrl is not valid, must match *-bin.zip or maven-mvnd-*.zip, but found '${distributionUrl-}'" ;;
+esac
+
+# prepare tmp dir
+if TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$(mktemp -d)" && [ -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" ]; then
+  clean() { rm -rf -- "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR"; }
+  trap clean HUP INT TERM EXIT
+else
+  die "cannot create temp dir"
+fi
+
+mkdir -p -- "${MAVEN_HOME%/*}"
+
+# Download and Install Apache Maven
+verbose "Couldn't find MAVEN_HOME, downloading and installing it ..."
+verbose "Downloading from: $distributionUrl"
+verbose "Downloading to: $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+
+# select .zip or .tar.gz
+if ! command -v unzip >/dev/null; then
+  distributionUrl="${distributionUrl%.zip}.tar.gz"
+  distributionUrlName="${distributionUrl##*/}"
+fi
+
+# verbose opt
+__MVNW_QUIET_WGET=--quiet __MVNW_QUIET_CURL=--silent __MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP=-q __MVNW_QUIET_TAR=''
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != true ] || __MVNW_QUIET_WGET='' __MVNW_QUIET_CURL='' __MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP='' __MVNW_QUIET_TAR=v
+
+# normalize http auth
+case "${MVNW_PASSWORD:+has-password}" in
+'') MVNW_USERNAME='' MVNW_PASSWORD='' ;;
+has-password) [ -n "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] || MVNW_USERNAME='' MVNW_PASSWORD='' ;;
+esac
+
+if [ -z "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] && command -v wget >/dev/null; then
+  verbose "Found wget ... using wget"
+  wget ${__MVNW_QUIET_WGET:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_WGET"} "$distributionUrl" -O "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" || die "wget: Failed to fetch $distributionUrl"
+elif [ -z "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] && command -v curl >/dev/null; then
+  verbose "Found curl ... using curl"
+  curl ${__MVNW_QUIET_CURL:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_CURL"} -f -L -o "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" "$distributionUrl" || die "curl: Failed to fetch $distributionUrl"
+elif set_java_home; then
+  verbose "Falling back to use Java to download"
+  javaSource="$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/Downloader.java"
+  targetZip="$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+  cat >"$javaSource" <<-END
+	public class Downloader extends java.net.Authenticator
+	{
+	  protected java.net.PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication()
+	  {
+	    return new java.net.PasswordAuthentication( System.getenv( "MVNW_USERNAME" ), System.getenv( "MVNW_PASSWORD" ).toCharArray() );
+	  }
+	  public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception
+	  {
+	    setDefault( new Downloader() );
+	    java.nio.file.Files.copy( java.net.URI.create( args[0] ).toURL().openStream(), java.nio.file.Paths.get( args[1] ).toAbsolutePath().normalize() );
+	  }
+	}
+	END
+  # For Cygwin/MinGW, switch paths to Windows format before running javac and java
+  verbose " - Compiling Downloader.java ..."
+  "$(native_path "$JAVACCMD")" "$(native_path "$javaSource")" || die "Failed to compile Downloader.java"
+  verbose " - Running Downloader.java ..."
+  "$(native_path "$JAVACMD")" -cp "$(native_path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR")" Downloader "$distributionUrl" "$(native_path "$targetZip")"
+fi
+
+# If specified, validate the SHA-256 sum of the Maven distribution zip file
+if [ -n "${distributionSha256Sum-}" ]; then
+  distributionSha256Result=false
+  if [ "$MVN_CMD" = mvnd.sh ]; then
+    echo "Checksum validation is not supported for maven-mvnd." >&2
+    echo "Please disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties." >&2
+    exit 1
+  elif command -v sha256sum >/dev/null; then
+    if echo "$distributionSha256Sum  $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" | sha256sum -c - >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      distributionSha256Result=true
+    fi
+  elif command -v shasum >/dev/null; then
+    if echo "$distributionSha256Sum  $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" | shasum -a 256 -c >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      distributionSha256Result=true
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "Checksum validation was requested but neither 'sha256sum' or 'shasum' are available." >&2
+    echo "Please install either command, or disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [ $distributionSha256Result = false ]; then
+    echo "Error: Failed to validate Maven distribution SHA-256, your Maven distribution might be compromised." >&2
+    echo "If you updated your Maven version, you need to update the specified distributionSha256Sum property." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+# unzip and move
+if command -v unzip >/dev/null; then
+  unzip ${__MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP"} "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" || die "failed to unzip"
+else
+  tar xzf${__MVNW_QUIET_TAR:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_TAR"} "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -C "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" || die "failed to untar"
+fi
+
+# Find the actual extracted directory name (handles snapshots where filename != directory name)
+actualDistributionDir=""
+
+# First try the expected directory name (for regular distributions)
+if [ -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlNameMain" ]; then
+  if [ -f "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlNameMain/bin/$MVN_CMD" ]; then
+    actualDistributionDir="$distributionUrlNameMain"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# If not found, search for any directory with the Maven executable (for snapshots)
+if [ -z "$actualDistributionDir" ]; then
+  # enable globbing to iterate over items
+  set +f
+  for dir in "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR"/*; do
+    if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+      if [ -f "$dir/bin/$MVN_CMD" ]; then
+        actualDistributionDir="$(basename "$dir")"
+        break
+      fi
+    fi
+  done
+  set -f
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$actualDistributionDir" ]; then
+  verbose "Contents of $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR:"
+  verbose "$(ls -la "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR")"
+  die "Could not find Maven distribution directory in extracted archive"
+fi
+
+verbose "Found extracted Maven distribution directory: $actualDistributionDir"
+printf %s\\n "$distributionUrl" >"$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir/mvnw.url"
+mv -- "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir" "$MAVEN_HOME" || [ -d "$MAVEN_HOME" ] || die "fail to move MAVEN_HOME"
+
+clean || :
+exec_maven "$@"

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/quarkus/mvnw.cmd

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+<# : batch portion
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@REM Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+@REM or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+@REM distributed with this work for additional information
+@REM regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+@REM to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+@REM "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+@REM with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+@REM
+@REM    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+@REM
+@REM Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+@REM software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+@REM "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+@REM KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+@REM specific language governing permissions and limitations
+@REM under the License.
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@REM Apache Maven Wrapper startup batch script, version 3.3.4
+@REM
+@REM Optional ENV vars
+@REM   MVNW_REPOURL - repo url base for downloading maven distribution
+@REM   MVNW_USERNAME/MVNW_PASSWORD - user and password for downloading maven
+@REM   MVNW_VERBOSE - true: enable verbose log; others: silence the output
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@IF "%__MVNW_ARG0_NAME__%"=="" (SET __MVNW_ARG0_NAME__=%~nx0)
+@SET __MVNW_CMD__=
+@SET __MVNW_ERROR__=
+@SET __MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE=%PSModulePath%
+@SET PSModulePath=
+@FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1* delims==" %%A IN (`powershell -noprofile "& {$scriptDir='%~dp0'; $script='%__MVNW_ARG0_NAME__%'; icm -ScriptBlock ([Scriptblock]::Create((Get-Content -Raw '%~f0'))) -NoNewScope}"`) DO @(
+  IF "%%A"=="MVN_CMD" (set __MVNW_CMD__=%%B) ELSE IF "%%B"=="" (echo %%A) ELSE (echo %%A=%%B)
+)
+@SET PSModulePath=%__MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE%
+@SET __MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE=
+@SET __MVNW_ARG0_NAME__=
+@SET MVNW_USERNAME=
+@SET MVNW_PASSWORD=
+@IF NOT "%__MVNW_CMD__%"=="" ("%__MVNW_CMD__%" %*)
+@echo Cannot start maven from wrapper >&2 && exit /b 1
+@GOTO :EOF
+: end batch / begin powershell #>
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+if ($env:MVNW_VERBOSE -eq "true") {
+  $VerbosePreference = "Continue"
+}
+
+# calculate distributionUrl, requires .mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
+$distributionUrl = (Get-Content -Raw "$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties" | ConvertFrom-StringData).distributionUrl
+if (!$distributionUrl) {
+  Write-Error "cannot read distributionUrl property in $scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+}
+
+switch -wildcard -casesensitive ( $($distributionUrl -replace '^.*/','') ) {
+  "maven-mvnd-*" {
+    $USE_MVND = $true
+    $distributionUrl = $distributionUrl -replace '-bin\.[^.]*$',"-windows-amd64.zip"
+    $MVN_CMD = "mvnd.cmd"
+    break
+  }
+  default {
+    $USE_MVND = $false
+    $MVN_CMD = $script -replace '^mvnw','mvn'
+    break
+  }
+}
+
+# apply MVNW_REPOURL and calculate MAVEN_HOME
+# maven home pattern: ~/.m2/wrapper/dists/{apache-maven-<version>,maven-mvnd-<version>-<platform>}/<hash>
+if ($env:MVNW_REPOURL) {
+  $MVNW_REPO_PATTERN = if ($USE_MVND -eq $False) { "/org/apache/maven/" } else { "/maven/mvnd/" }
+  $distributionUrl = "$env:MVNW_REPOURL$MVNW_REPO_PATTERN$($distributionUrl -replace "^.*$MVNW_REPO_PATTERN",'')"
+}
+$distributionUrlName = $distributionUrl -replace '^.*/',''
+$distributionUrlNameMain = $distributionUrlName -replace '\.[^.]*$','' -replace '-bin$',''
+
+$MAVEN_M2_PATH = "$HOME/.m2"
+if ($env:MAVEN_USER_HOME) {
+  $MAVEN_M2_PATH = "$env:MAVEN_USER_HOME"
+}
+
+if (-not (Test-Path -Path $MAVEN_M2_PATH)) {
+    New-Item -Path $MAVEN_M2_PATH -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
+}
+
+$MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = $null
+if ((Get-Item $MAVEN_M2_PATH).Target[0] -eq $null) {
+  $MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = "$MAVEN_M2_PATH/wrapper/dists"
+} else {
+  $MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = (Get-Item $MAVEN_M2_PATH).Target[0] + "/wrapper/dists"
+}
+
+$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT = "$MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS/$distributionUrlNameMain"
+$MAVEN_HOME_NAME = ([System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256]::Create().ComputeHash([byte[]][char[]]$distributionUrl) | ForEach-Object {$_.ToString("x2")}) -join ''
+$MAVEN_HOME = "$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT/$MAVEN_HOME_NAME"
+
+if (Test-Path -Path "$MAVEN_HOME" -PathType Container) {
+  Write-Verbose "found existing MAVEN_HOME at $MAVEN_HOME"
+  Write-Output "MVN_CMD=$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"
+  exit $?
+}
+
+if (! $distributionUrlNameMain -or ($distributionUrlName -eq $distributionUrlNameMain)) {
+  Write-Error "distributionUrl is not valid, must end with *-bin.zip, but found $distributionUrl"
+}
+
+# prepare tmp dir
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER = New-TemporaryFile
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR = New-Item -Itemtype Directory -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER.dir"
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER.Delete() | Out-Null
+trap {
+  if ($TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR.Exists) {
+    try { Remove-Item $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR -Recurse -Force | Out-Null }
+    catch { Write-Warning "Cannot remove $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" }
+  }
+}
+
+New-Item -Itemtype Directory -Path "$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT" -Force | Out-Null
+
+# Download and Install Apache Maven
+Write-Verbose "Couldn't find MAVEN_HOME, downloading and installing it ..."
+Write-Verbose "Downloading from: $distributionUrl"
+Write-Verbose "Downloading to: $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+
+$webclient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
+if ($env:MVNW_USERNAME -and $env:MVNW_PASSWORD) {
+  $webclient.Credentials = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential($env:MVNW_USERNAME, $env:MVNW_PASSWORD)
+}
+[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+$webclient.DownloadFile($distributionUrl, "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName") | Out-Null
+
+# If specified, validate the SHA-256 sum of the Maven distribution zip file
+$distributionSha256Sum = (Get-Content -Raw "$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties" | ConvertFrom-StringData).distributionSha256Sum
+if ($distributionSha256Sum) {
+  if ($USE_MVND) {
+    Write-Error "Checksum validation is not supported for maven-mvnd. `nPlease disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties."
+  }
+  Import-Module $PSHOME\Modules\Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility -Function Get-FileHash
+  if ((Get-FileHash "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -Algorithm SHA256).Hash.ToLower() -ne $distributionSha256Sum) {
+    Write-Error "Error: Failed to validate Maven distribution SHA-256, your Maven distribution might be compromised. If you updated your Maven version, you need to update the specified distributionSha256Sum property."
+  }
+}
+
+# unzip and move
+Expand-Archive "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -DestinationPath "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" | Out-Null
+
+# Find the actual extracted directory name (handles snapshots where filename != directory name)
+$actualDistributionDir = ""
+
+# First try the expected directory name (for regular distributions)
+$expectedPath = Join-Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" "$distributionUrlNameMain"
+$expectedMvnPath = Join-Path "$expectedPath" "bin/$MVN_CMD"
+if ((Test-Path -Path $expectedPath -PathType Container) -and (Test-Path -Path $expectedMvnPath -PathType Leaf)) {
+  $actualDistributionDir = $distributionUrlNameMain
+}
+
+# If not found, search for any directory with the Maven executable (for snapshots)
+if (!$actualDistributionDir) {
+  Get-ChildItem -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" -Directory | ForEach-Object {
+    $testPath = Join-Path $_.FullName "bin/$MVN_CMD"
+    if (Test-Path -Path $testPath -PathType Leaf) {
+      $actualDistributionDir = $_.Name
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+if (!$actualDistributionDir) {
+  Write-Error "Could not find Maven distribution directory in extracted archive"
+}
+
+Write-Verbose "Found extracted Maven distribution directory: $actualDistributionDir"
+Rename-Item -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir" -NewName $MAVEN_HOME_NAME | Out-Null
+try {
+  Move-Item -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$MAVEN_HOME_NAME" -Destination $MAVEN_HOME_PARENT | Out-Null
+} catch {
+  if (! (Test-Path -Path "$MAVEN_HOME" -PathType Container)) {
+    Write-Error "fail to move MAVEN_HOME"
+  }
+} finally {
+  try { Remove-Item $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR -Recurse -Force | Out-Null }
+  catch { Write-Warning "Cannot remove $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" }
+}
+
+Write-Output "MVN_CMD=$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/quarkus/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>org.eclipse.ee4j.quarkus</groupId>
+    <artifactId>cargo-tracker</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+
+    <properties>
+        <compiler-plugin.version>3.14.0</compiler-plugin.version>
+        <maven.compiler.release>21</maven.compiler.release>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
+        <quarkus.platform.artifact-id>quarkus-bom</quarkus.platform.artifact-id>
+        <quarkus.platform.group-id>io.quarkus.platform</quarkus.platform.group-id>
+        <quarkus.platform.version>3.30.5</quarkus.platform.version>
+        <skipITs>true</skipITs>
+        <surefire-plugin.version>3.5.3</surefire-plugin.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <dependencyManagement>
+        <dependencies>
+            <dependency>
+                <groupId>${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId>
+                <artifactId>${quarkus.platform.artifact-id}</artifactId>
+                <version>${quarkus.platform.version}</version>
+                <type>pom</type>
+                <scope>import</scope>
+            </dependency>
+            <dependency>
+                <groupId>${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId>
+                <artifactId>quarkus-qpid-jms-bom</artifactId>
+                <version>${quarkus.platform.version}</version>
+                <type>pom</type>
+                <scope>import</scope>
+            </dependency>
+            <!-- <dependency>
+                <groupId>io.quarkiverse</groupId>
+                <artifactId>quarkiverse-bom</artifactId>
+                <version>${quarkiverse.platform.version}</version>
+                <type>pom</type>
+                <scope>import</scope>
+            </dependency> -->
+        </dependencies>
+    </dependencyManagement>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.amqphub.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-qpid-jms</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-rest-jackson</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-rest-client-jackson</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-rest-jaxb</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-jdbc-h2</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-hibernate-validator</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkiverse.primefaces</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-primefaces</artifactId>
+            <version>4.15.11</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-hibernate-orm-panache</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-scheduler</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkiverse.jberet</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-jberet</artifactId>
+            <version>2.8.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-arc</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-hibernate-orm</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
+            <artifactId>quarkus-junit5</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
+            <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId>
+                <artifactId>quarkus-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${quarkus.platform.version}</version>
+                <extensions>true</extensions>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>build</goal>
+                            <goal>generate-code</goal>
+                            <goal>generate-code-tests</goal>
+                            <goal>native-image-agent</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${compiler-plugin.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <parameters>true</parameters>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <systemPropertyVariables>
+                        <java.util.logging.manager>org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager>
+                        <maven.home>${maven.home}</maven.home>
+                    </systemPropertyVariables>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>integration-test</goal>
+                            <goal>verify</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+                <configuration>
+                    <systemPropertyVariables>
+                        <native.image.path>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}-runner</native.image.path>
+                        <java.util.logging.manager>org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager>
+                        <maven.home>${maven.home}</maven.home>
+                    </systemPropertyVariables>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+    <profiles>
+        <profile>
+            <id>native</id>
+            <activation>
+                <property>
+                    <name>native</name>
+                </property>
+            </activation>
+            <properties>
+                <skipITs>false</skipITs>
+                <quarkus.native.enabled>true</quarkus.native.enabled>
+            </properties>
+        </profile>
+    </profiles>
+</project>

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/quarkus/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+BASE_URL="${BASE_URL:-http://localhost:8080/cargo-tracker}"
+
+echo "Health check: ${BASE_URL}/index.xhtml"
+HTTP_STATUS=$(curl -sL -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "${BASE_URL}/index.xhtml")
+
+if [ "$HTTP_STATUS" -eq 200 ]; then
+  echo "PASS - got HTTP ${HTTP_STATUS}"
+  exit 0
+else
+  echo "FAIL - got HTTP ${HTTP_STATUS}"
+  exit 1
+fi

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# VCS
+.git/
+
+# Maven
+.mvn/
+**/.mvn/
+mvnw
+mvnw.cmd
+**/mvnw
+**/mvnw.cmd
+target/
+**/target/
+pom.xml.tag
+pom.xml.releaseBackup
+pom.xml.versionsBackup
+pom.xml.next
+release.properties
+dependency-reduced-pom.xml
+buildNumber.properties
+
+# IDE / Editor
+.vscode/
+**/.vscode/
+.zed/
+**/.zed/
+.idea/
+**/.idea/
+*.iml
+*.ipr
+*.iws
+
+# OS
+.DS_Store
+**/.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
+ehthumbs.db
+
+# Logs / temp
+*.log
+*.tmp
+*.temp

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+FROM maven:3.9.12-ibm-semeru-21-noble
+
+USER root
+# install uv
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends curl python3-venv python3-full     && curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
+
+ENV PATH="/root/.local/bin:$PATH"
+
+# Shared browsers path so Chromium is cached once
+ENV PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=/ms-playwright
+RUN mkdir -p /ms-playwright && chmod 755 /ms-playwright
+
+# create venv and install
+RUN uv venv /opt/venv     && uv pip install --python /opt/venv/bin/python playwright==1.47.0 pytest
+
+ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
+RUN playwright install --with-deps chromium
+
+# Set working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy all the assets
+COPY . .
+
+RUN if [ -f mvnw ]; then chmod +x mvnw; fi && if [ -f smoke.py ]; then chmod +x smoke.py; fi && if [ -f test.sh ]; then chmod +x test.sh; fi
+
+CMD [ "mvn", "clean", "spring-boot:run" ]

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/mvnw

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Apache Maven Wrapper startup batch script, version 3.3.4
+#
+# Optional ENV vars
+# -----------------
+#   JAVA_HOME - location of a JDK home dir, required when download maven via java source
+#   MVNW_REPOURL - repo url base for downloading maven distribution
+#   MVNW_USERNAME/MVNW_PASSWORD - user and password for downloading maven
+#   MVNW_VERBOSE - true: enable verbose log; debug: trace the mvnw script; others: silence the output
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+set -euf
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != debug ] || set -x
+
+# OS specific support.
+native_path() { printf %s\\n "$1"; }
+case "$(uname)" in
+CYGWIN* | MINGW*)
+  [ -z "${JAVA_HOME-}" ] || JAVA_HOME="$(cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME")"
+  native_path() { cygpath --path --windows "$1"; }
+  ;;
+esac
+
+# set JAVACMD and JAVACCMD
+set_java_home() {
+  # For Cygwin and MinGW, ensure paths are in Unix format before anything is touched
+  if [ -n "${JAVA_HOME-}" ]; then
+    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ]; then
+      # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+      JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
+      JAVACCMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/javac"
+    else
+      JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
+      JAVACCMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/javac"
+
+      if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] || [ ! -x "$JAVACCMD" ]; then
+        echo "The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly, so mvnw cannot run." >&2
+        echo "JAVA_HOME is set to \"$JAVA_HOME\", but \"\$JAVA_HOME/bin/java\" or \"\$JAVA_HOME/bin/javac\" does not exist." >&2
+        return 1
+      fi
+    fi
+  else
+    JAVACMD="$(
+      'set' +e
+      'unset' -f command 2>/dev/null
+      'command' -v java
+    )" || :
+    JAVACCMD="$(
+      'set' +e
+      'unset' -f command 2>/dev/null
+      'command' -v javac
+    )" || :
+
+    if [ ! -x "${JAVACMD-}" ] || [ ! -x "${JAVACCMD-}" ]; then
+      echo "The java/javac command does not exist in PATH nor is JAVA_HOME set, so mvnw cannot run." >&2
+      return 1
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+# hash string like Java String::hashCode
+hash_string() {
+  str="${1:-}" h=0
+  while [ -n "$str" ]; do
+    char="${str%"${str#?}"}"
+    h=$(((h * 31 + $(LC_CTYPE=C printf %d "'$char")) % 4294967296))
+    str="${str#?}"
+  done
+  printf %x\\n $h
+}
+
+verbose() { :; }
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != true ] || verbose() { printf %s\\n "${1-}"; }
+
+die() {
+  printf %s\\n "$1" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+trim() {
+  # MWRAPPER-139:
+  #   Trims trailing and leading whitespace, carriage returns, tabs, and linefeeds.
+  #   Needed for removing poorly interpreted newline sequences when running in more
+  #   exotic environments such as mingw bash on Windows.
+  printf "%s" "${1}" | tr -d '[:space:]'
+}
+
+scriptDir="$(dirname "$0")"
+scriptName="$(basename "$0")"
+
+# parse distributionUrl and optional distributionSha256Sum, requires .mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
+while IFS="=" read -r key value; do
+  case "${key-}" in
+  distributionUrl) distributionUrl=$(trim "${value-}") ;;
+  distributionSha256Sum) distributionSha256Sum=$(trim "${value-}") ;;
+  esac
+done <"$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+[ -n "${distributionUrl-}" ] || die "cannot read distributionUrl property in $scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+
+case "${distributionUrl##*/}" in
+maven-mvnd-*bin.*)
+  MVN_CMD=mvnd.sh _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/maven/mvnd/
+  case "${PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE-}${PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432-}:$(uname -a)" in
+  *AMD64:CYGWIN* | *AMD64:MINGW*) distributionPlatform=windows-amd64 ;;
+  :Darwin*x86_64) distributionPlatform=darwin-amd64 ;;
+  :Darwin*arm64) distributionPlatform=darwin-aarch64 ;;
+  :Linux*x86_64*) distributionPlatform=linux-amd64 ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Cannot detect native platform for mvnd on $(uname)-$(uname -m), use pure java version" >&2
+    distributionPlatform=linux-amd64
+    ;;
+  esac
+  distributionUrl="${distributionUrl%-bin.*}-$distributionPlatform.zip"
+  ;;
+maven-mvnd-*) MVN_CMD=mvnd.sh _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/maven/mvnd/ ;;
+*) MVN_CMD="mvn${scriptName#mvnw}" _MVNW_REPO_PATTERN=/org/apache/maven/ ;;
+esac
+
+# apply MVNW_REPOURL and calculate MAVEN_HOME
+# maven home pattern: ~/.m2/wrapper/dists/{apache-maven-<version>,maven-mvnd-<version>-<platform>}/<hash>
+[ -z "${MVNW_REPOURL-}" ] || distributionUrl="$MVNW_REPOURL$_MVNW_REPO_PATTERN${distributionUrl#*"$_MVNW_REPO_PATTERN"}"
+distributionUrlName="${distributionUrl##*/}"
+distributionUrlNameMain="${distributionUrlName%.*}"
+distributionUrlNameMain="${distributionUrlNameMain%-bin}"
+MAVEN_USER_HOME="${MAVEN_USER_HOME:-${HOME}/.m2}"
+MAVEN_HOME="${MAVEN_USER_HOME}/wrapper/dists/${distributionUrlNameMain-}/$(hash_string "$distributionUrl")"
+
+exec_maven() {
+  unset MVNW_VERBOSE MVNW_USERNAME MVNW_PASSWORD MVNW_REPOURL || :
+  exec "$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD" "$@" || die "cannot exec $MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"
+}
+
+if [ -d "$MAVEN_HOME" ]; then
+  verbose "found existing MAVEN_HOME at $MAVEN_HOME"
+  exec_maven "$@"
+fi
+
+case "${distributionUrl-}" in
+*?-bin.zip | *?maven-mvnd-?*-?*.zip) ;;
+*) die "distributionUrl is not valid, must match *-bin.zip or maven-mvnd-*.zip, but found '${distributionUrl-}'" ;;
+esac
+
+# prepare tmp dir
+if TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$(mktemp -d)" && [ -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" ]; then
+  clean() { rm -rf -- "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR"; }
+  trap clean HUP INT TERM EXIT
+else
+  die "cannot create temp dir"
+fi
+
+mkdir -p -- "${MAVEN_HOME%/*}"
+
+# Download and Install Apache Maven
+verbose "Couldn't find MAVEN_HOME, downloading and installing it ..."
+verbose "Downloading from: $distributionUrl"
+verbose "Downloading to: $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+
+# select .zip or .tar.gz
+if ! command -v unzip >/dev/null; then
+  distributionUrl="${distributionUrl%.zip}.tar.gz"
+  distributionUrlName="${distributionUrl##*/}"
+fi
+
+# verbose opt
+__MVNW_QUIET_WGET=--quiet __MVNW_QUIET_CURL=--silent __MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP=-q __MVNW_QUIET_TAR=''
+[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != true ] || __MVNW_QUIET_WGET='' __MVNW_QUIET_CURL='' __MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP='' __MVNW_QUIET_TAR=v
+
+# normalize http auth
+case "${MVNW_PASSWORD:+has-password}" in
+'') MVNW_USERNAME='' MVNW_PASSWORD='' ;;
+has-password) [ -n "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] || MVNW_USERNAME='' MVNW_PASSWORD='' ;;
+esac
+
+if [ -z "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] && command -v wget >/dev/null; then
+  verbose "Found wget ... using wget"
+  wget ${__MVNW_QUIET_WGET:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_WGET"} "$distributionUrl" -O "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" || die "wget: Failed to fetch $distributionUrl"
+elif [ -z "${MVNW_USERNAME-}" ] && command -v curl >/dev/null; then
+  verbose "Found curl ... using curl"
+  curl ${__MVNW_QUIET_CURL:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_CURL"} -f -L -o "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" "$distributionUrl" || die "curl: Failed to fetch $distributionUrl"
+elif set_java_home; then
+  verbose "Falling back to use Java to download"
+  javaSource="$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/Downloader.java"
+  targetZip="$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+  cat >"$javaSource" <<-END
+	public class Downloader extends java.net.Authenticator
+	{
+	  protected java.net.PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication()
+	  {
+	    return new java.net.PasswordAuthentication( System.getenv( "MVNW_USERNAME" ), System.getenv( "MVNW_PASSWORD" ).toCharArray() );
+	  }
+	  public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception
+	  {
+	    setDefault( new Downloader() );
+	    java.nio.file.Files.copy( java.net.URI.create( args[0] ).toURL().openStream(), java.nio.file.Paths.get( args[1] ).toAbsolutePath().normalize() );
+	  }
+	}
+	END
+  # For Cygwin/MinGW, switch paths to Windows format before running javac and java
+  verbose " - Compiling Downloader.java ..."
+  "$(native_path "$JAVACCMD")" "$(native_path "$javaSource")" || die "Failed to compile Downloader.java"
+  verbose " - Running Downloader.java ..."
+  "$(native_path "$JAVACMD")" -cp "$(native_path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR")" Downloader "$distributionUrl" "$(native_path "$targetZip")"
+fi
+
+# If specified, validate the SHA-256 sum of the Maven distribution zip file
+if [ -n "${distributionSha256Sum-}" ]; then
+  distributionSha256Result=false
+  if [ "$MVN_CMD" = mvnd.sh ]; then
+    echo "Checksum validation is not supported for maven-mvnd." >&2
+    echo "Please disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties." >&2
+    exit 1
+  elif command -v sha256sum >/dev/null; then
+    if echo "$distributionSha256Sum  $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" | sha256sum -c - >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      distributionSha256Result=true
+    fi
+  elif command -v shasum >/dev/null; then
+    if echo "$distributionSha256Sum  $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" | shasum -a 256 -c >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      distributionSha256Result=true
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "Checksum validation was requested but neither 'sha256sum' or 'shasum' are available." >&2
+    echo "Please install either command, or disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [ $distributionSha256Result = false ]; then
+    echo "Error: Failed to validate Maven distribution SHA-256, your Maven distribution might be compromised." >&2
+    echo "If you updated your Maven version, you need to update the specified distributionSha256Sum property." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+# unzip and move
+if command -v unzip >/dev/null; then
+  unzip ${__MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_UNZIP"} "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" || die "failed to unzip"
+else
+  tar xzf${__MVNW_QUIET_TAR:+"$__MVNW_QUIET_TAR"} "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -C "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" || die "failed to untar"
+fi
+
+# Find the actual extracted directory name (handles snapshots where filename != directory name)
+actualDistributionDir=""
+
+# First try the expected directory name (for regular distributions)
+if [ -d "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlNameMain" ]; then
+  if [ -f "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlNameMain/bin/$MVN_CMD" ]; then
+    actualDistributionDir="$distributionUrlNameMain"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# If not found, search for any directory with the Maven executable (for snapshots)
+if [ -z "$actualDistributionDir" ]; then
+  # enable globbing to iterate over items
+  set +f
+  for dir in "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR"/*; do
+    if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+      if [ -f "$dir/bin/$MVN_CMD" ]; then
+        actualDistributionDir="$(basename "$dir")"
+        break
+      fi
+    fi
+  done
+  set -f
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$actualDistributionDir" ]; then
+  verbose "Contents of $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR:"
+  verbose "$(ls -la "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR")"
+  die "Could not find Maven distribution directory in extracted archive"
+fi
+
+verbose "Found extracted Maven distribution directory: $actualDistributionDir"
+printf %s\\n "$distributionUrl" >"$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir/mvnw.url"
+mv -- "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir" "$MAVEN_HOME" || [ -d "$MAVEN_HOME" ] || die "fail to move MAVEN_HOME"
+
+clean || :
+exec_maven "$@"

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/mvnw.cmd

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+<# : batch portion
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@REM Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+@REM or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+@REM distributed with this work for additional information
+@REM regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+@REM to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+@REM "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+@REM with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+@REM
+@REM    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+@REM
+@REM Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+@REM software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+@REM "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+@REM KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+@REM specific language governing permissions and limitations
+@REM under the License.
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@REM Apache Maven Wrapper startup batch script, version 3.3.4
+@REM
+@REM Optional ENV vars
+@REM   MVNW_REPOURL - repo url base for downloading maven distribution
+@REM   MVNW_USERNAME/MVNW_PASSWORD - user and password for downloading maven
+@REM   MVNW_VERBOSE - true: enable verbose log; others: silence the output
+@REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@IF "%__MVNW_ARG0_NAME__%"=="" (SET __MVNW_ARG0_NAME__=%~nx0)
+@SET __MVNW_CMD__=
+@SET __MVNW_ERROR__=
+@SET __MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE=%PSModulePath%
+@SET PSModulePath=
+@FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1* delims==" %%A IN (`powershell -noprofile "& {$scriptDir='%~dp0'; $script='%__MVNW_ARG0_NAME__%'; icm -ScriptBlock ([Scriptblock]::Create((Get-Content -Raw '%~f0'))) -NoNewScope}"`) DO @(
+  IF "%%A"=="MVN_CMD" (set __MVNW_CMD__=%%B) ELSE IF "%%B"=="" (echo %%A) ELSE (echo %%A=%%B)
+)
+@SET PSModulePath=%__MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE%
+@SET __MVNW_PSMODULEP_SAVE=
+@SET __MVNW_ARG0_NAME__=
+@SET MVNW_USERNAME=
+@SET MVNW_PASSWORD=
+@IF NOT "%__MVNW_CMD__%"=="" ("%__MVNW_CMD__%" %*)
+@echo Cannot start maven from wrapper >&2 && exit /b 1
+@GOTO :EOF
+: end batch / begin powershell #>
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+if ($env:MVNW_VERBOSE -eq "true") {
+  $VerbosePreference = "Continue"
+}
+
+# calculate distributionUrl, requires .mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
+$distributionUrl = (Get-Content -Raw "$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties" | ConvertFrom-StringData).distributionUrl
+if (!$distributionUrl) {
+  Write-Error "cannot read distributionUrl property in $scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
+}
+
+switch -wildcard -casesensitive ( $($distributionUrl -replace '^.*/','') ) {
+  "maven-mvnd-*" {
+    $USE_MVND = $true
+    $distributionUrl = $distributionUrl -replace '-bin\.[^.]*$',"-windows-amd64.zip"
+    $MVN_CMD = "mvnd.cmd"
+    break
+  }
+  default {
+    $USE_MVND = $false
+    $MVN_CMD = $script -replace '^mvnw','mvn'
+    break
+  }
+}
+
+# apply MVNW_REPOURL and calculate MAVEN_HOME
+# maven home pattern: ~/.m2/wrapper/dists/{apache-maven-<version>,maven-mvnd-<version>-<platform>}/<hash>
+if ($env:MVNW_REPOURL) {
+  $MVNW_REPO_PATTERN = if ($USE_MVND -eq $False) { "/org/apache/maven/" } else { "/maven/mvnd/" }
+  $distributionUrl = "$env:MVNW_REPOURL$MVNW_REPO_PATTERN$($distributionUrl -replace "^.*$MVNW_REPO_PATTERN",'')"
+}
+$distributionUrlName = $distributionUrl -replace '^.*/',''
+$distributionUrlNameMain = $distributionUrlName -replace '\.[^.]*$','' -replace '-bin$',''
+
+$MAVEN_M2_PATH = "$HOME/.m2"
+if ($env:MAVEN_USER_HOME) {
+  $MAVEN_M2_PATH = "$env:MAVEN_USER_HOME"
+}
+
+if (-not (Test-Path -Path $MAVEN_M2_PATH)) {
+    New-Item -Path $MAVEN_M2_PATH -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
+}
+
+$MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = $null
+if ((Get-Item $MAVEN_M2_PATH).Target[0] -eq $null) {
+  $MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = "$MAVEN_M2_PATH/wrapper/dists"
+} else {
+  $MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS = (Get-Item $MAVEN_M2_PATH).Target[0] + "/wrapper/dists"
+}
+
+$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT = "$MAVEN_WRAPPER_DISTS/$distributionUrlNameMain"
+$MAVEN_HOME_NAME = ([System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256]::Create().ComputeHash([byte[]][char[]]$distributionUrl) | ForEach-Object {$_.ToString("x2")}) -join ''
+$MAVEN_HOME = "$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT/$MAVEN_HOME_NAME"
+
+if (Test-Path -Path "$MAVEN_HOME" -PathType Container) {
+  Write-Verbose "found existing MAVEN_HOME at $MAVEN_HOME"
+  Write-Output "MVN_CMD=$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"
+  exit $?
+}
+
+if (! $distributionUrlNameMain -or ($distributionUrlName -eq $distributionUrlNameMain)) {
+  Write-Error "distributionUrl is not valid, must end with *-bin.zip, but found $distributionUrl"
+}
+
+# prepare tmp dir
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER = New-TemporaryFile
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR = New-Item -Itemtype Directory -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER.dir"
+$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR_HOLDER.Delete() | Out-Null
+trap {
+  if ($TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR.Exists) {
+    try { Remove-Item $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR -Recurse -Force | Out-Null }
+    catch { Write-Warning "Cannot remove $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" }
+  }
+}
+
+New-Item -Itemtype Directory -Path "$MAVEN_HOME_PARENT" -Force | Out-Null
+
+# Download and Install Apache Maven
+Write-Verbose "Couldn't find MAVEN_HOME, downloading and installing it ..."
+Write-Verbose "Downloading from: $distributionUrl"
+Write-Verbose "Downloading to: $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName"
+
+$webclient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
+if ($env:MVNW_USERNAME -and $env:MVNW_PASSWORD) {
+  $webclient.Credentials = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential($env:MVNW_USERNAME, $env:MVNW_PASSWORD)
+}
+[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+$webclient.DownloadFile($distributionUrl, "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName") | Out-Null
+
+# If specified, validate the SHA-256 sum of the Maven distribution zip file
+$distributionSha256Sum = (Get-Content -Raw "$scriptDir/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties" | ConvertFrom-StringData).distributionSha256Sum
+if ($distributionSha256Sum) {
+  if ($USE_MVND) {
+    Write-Error "Checksum validation is not supported for maven-mvnd. `nPlease disable validation by removing 'distributionSha256Sum' from your maven-wrapper.properties."
+  }
+  Import-Module $PSHOME\Modules\Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility -Function Get-FileHash
+  if ((Get-FileHash "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -Algorithm SHA256).Hash.ToLower() -ne $distributionSha256Sum) {
+    Write-Error "Error: Failed to validate Maven distribution SHA-256, your Maven distribution might be compromised. If you updated your Maven version, you need to update the specified distributionSha256Sum property."
+  }
+}
+
+# unzip and move
+Expand-Archive "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$distributionUrlName" -DestinationPath "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" | Out-Null
+
+# Find the actual extracted directory name (handles snapshots where filename != directory name)
+$actualDistributionDir = ""
+
+# First try the expected directory name (for regular distributions)
+$expectedPath = Join-Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" "$distributionUrlNameMain"
+$expectedMvnPath = Join-Path "$expectedPath" "bin/$MVN_CMD"
+if ((Test-Path -Path $expectedPath -PathType Container) -and (Test-Path -Path $expectedMvnPath -PathType Leaf)) {
+  $actualDistributionDir = $distributionUrlNameMain
+}
+
+# If not found, search for any directory with the Maven executable (for snapshots)
+if (!$actualDistributionDir) {
+  Get-ChildItem -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" -Directory | ForEach-Object {
+    $testPath = Join-Path $_.FullName "bin/$MVN_CMD"
+    if (Test-Path -Path $testPath -PathType Leaf) {
+      $actualDistributionDir = $_.Name
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+if (!$actualDistributionDir) {
+  Write-Error "Could not find Maven distribution directory in extracted archive"
+}
+
+Write-Verbose "Found extracted Maven distribution directory: $actualDistributionDir"
+Rename-Item -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$actualDistributionDir" -NewName $MAVEN_HOME_NAME | Out-Null
+try {
+  Move-Item -Path "$TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR/$MAVEN_HOME_NAME" -Destination $MAVEN_HOME_PARENT | Out-Null
+} catch {
+  if (! (Test-Path -Path "$MAVEN_HOME" -PathType Container)) {
+    Write-Error "fail to move MAVEN_HOME"
+  }
+} finally {
+  try { Remove-Item $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR -Recurse -Force | Out-Null }
+  catch { Write-Warning "Cannot remove $TMP_DOWNLOAD_DIR" }
+}
+
+Write-Output "MVN_CMD=$MAVEN_HOME/bin/$MVN_CMD"

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
+    <version>3.3.0</version>
+    <relativePath/>
+  </parent>
+  <groupId>org.eclipse.ee4j</groupId>
+  <artifactId>cargo-tracker</artifactId>
+  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  <name>Eclipse Cargo Tracker</name>
+  <description>The project demonstrates how you can develop applications with the Spring platform using widely adopted architectural best practices like Domain-Driven Design (DDD).</description>
+  <url />
+  <licenses>
+    <license />
+  </licenses>
+  <developers>
+    <developer />
+  </developers>
+  <scm>
+    <connection />
+    <developerConnection />
+    <tag />
+    <url />
+  </scm>
+  <properties>
+    <java.version>17</java.version>
+    <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
+    <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <joinfaces.version>5.5.4</joinfaces.version>
+  </properties>
+  <dependencyManagement>
+    <dependencies>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.joinfaces</groupId>
+        <artifactId>joinfaces-bom</artifactId>
+        <version>${joinfaces.version}</version>
+        <type>pom</type>
+        <scope>import</scope>
+      </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+  </dependencyManagement>
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
+      <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-batch</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+      <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+      <version>3.18.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.joinfaces</groupId>
+      <artifactId>primefaces-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+      <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+      <scope>runtime</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+  <build>
+    <finalName>cargo-tracker</finalName>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+</project>

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/CargoTrackerApplication.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package org.eclipse;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
+
+@SpringBootApplication
+@EnableAsync
+@EnableJpaRepositories
+@EnableScheduling
+@EnableTransactionManagement
+public class CargoTrackerApplication {
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) {
+		SpringApplication.run(CargoTrackerApplication.class, args);
+	}
+
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/application/ApplicationEvents.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.application;
+
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.Cargo;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.HandlingEvent;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.interfaces.handling.HandlingEventRegistrationAttempt;
+
+/**
+ * This interface provides a way to let other parts of the system know about events that have
+ * occurred.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * It may be implemented synchronously or asynchronously, using for example JMS.
+ */
+public interface ApplicationEvents {
+
+  void cargoWasHandled(HandlingEvent event);
+
+  void cargoWasMisdirected(Cargo cargo);
+
+  void cargoHasArrived(Cargo cargo);
+
+  void receivedHandlingEventRegistrationAttempt(HandlingEventRegistrationAttempt attempt);
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/application/BookingService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.application;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.List;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.Future;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.Itinerary;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TrackingId;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.UnLocode;
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+/** Cargo booking service. */
+public interface BookingService {
+
+  /** Registers a new cargo in the tracking system, not yet routed. */
+  TrackingId bookNewCargo(
+      @NotNull(message = "Origin is required.") @Validated UnLocode origin,
+      @NotNull(message = "Destination is required.") @Validated UnLocode destination,
+      @NotNull(message = "Deadline is required.") @Future(
+          message = "Deadline must be in the future.") LocalDate arrivalDeadline);
+
+  /**
+   * Requests a list of itineraries describing possible routes for this cargo.
+   *
+   * @param trackingId Cargo tracking ID
+   * @return A list of possible itineraries for this cargo
+   */
+  List<Itinerary> requestPossibleRoutesForCargo(
+      @NotNull(message = "Tracking ID is required.") @Validated TrackingId trackingId);
+
+  void assignCargoToRoute(
+      @NotNull(message = "Itinerary is required.") @Validated Itinerary itinerary,
+      @NotNull(message = "Tracking ID is required.") @Validated TrackingId trackingId);
+
+  void changeDestination(
+      @NotNull(message = "Tracking ID is required.") @Validated TrackingId trackingId,
+      @NotNull(message = "Destination is required.") @Validated UnLocode unLocode);
+
+  void changeDeadline(
+      @NotNull(message = "Tracking ID is required.") @Validated TrackingId trackingId,
+      @NotNull(message = "Deadline is required.") @Future(
+          message = "Deadline must be in the future.") LocalDate deadline);
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/application/CargoInspectionService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.application;
+
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TrackingId;
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+public interface CargoInspectionService {
+
+  /**
+   * Inspect cargo and send relevant notifications to interested parties, for example if a cargo has
+   * been misdirected, or unloaded at the final destination.
+   */
+  public void inspectCargo(
+      @NotNull(message = "Tracking ID is required.") @Validated TrackingId trackingId);
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/application/HandlingEventService.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.application;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TrackingId;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.CannotCreateHandlingEventException;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.HandlingEvent;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.UnLocode;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.voyage.VoyageNumber;
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+public interface HandlingEventService {
+
+  /**
+   * Registers a handling event in the system, and notifies interested parties that a cargo has been
+   * handled.
+   */
+  void registerHandlingEvent(
+      @NotNull(message = "Completion time is required.") LocalDateTime completionTime,
+      @NotNull(message = "Tracking ID is required.") @Validated TrackingId trackingId,
+      @Validated VoyageNumber voyageNumber,
+      @NotNull(message = "Location is required.") @Validated UnLocode unLocode,
+      @NotNull(message = "Type is required.") HandlingEvent.Type type)
+      throws CannotCreateHandlingEventException;
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/config/JmsConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.config;
+
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.jms.annotation.EnableJms;
+import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate;
+import org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MappingJackson2MessageConverter;
+import org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MessageType;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.json.JsonMapper;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;
+import jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory;
+
+@Configuration
+@EnableJms
+public class JmsConfig {
+
+    private static final int LOW_PRIORITY = 0;
+
+    @Bean
+    public ObjectMapper objectMapper() {
+        return JsonMapper.builder()
+                .addModule(new JavaTimeModule())
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public MappingJackson2MessageConverter jacksonJmsMessageConverter(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
+        MappingJackson2MessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2MessageConverter();
+        converter.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
+        converter.setTargetType(MessageType.TEXT);
+        converter.setTypeIdPropertyName("_type");
+        return converter;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public JmsTemplate jmsTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
+            MappingJackson2MessageConverter messageConverter) {
+        JmsTemplate template = new JmsTemplate(connectionFactory);
+        template.setMessageConverter(messageConverter);
+        // for parity with previous implementation
+        template.setPriority(LOW_PRIORITY);
+        template.setMessageIdEnabled(false);
+        template.setMessageTimestampEnabled(false);
+
+        return template;
+    }
+
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/Cargo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embedded;
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.HandlingEvent;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.HandlingHistory;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.Location;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.shared.DomainObjectUtils;
+
+/**
+ * A Cargo. This is the central class in the domain model, and it is the root of the
+ * Cargo-Itinerary-Leg-Delivery-RouteSpecification aggregate.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * A cargo is identified by a unique tracking ID, and it always has an origin and a route
+ * specification. The life cycle of a cargo begins with the booking procedure, when the tracking ID
+ * is assigned. During a (short) period of time, between booking and initial routing, the cargo has
+ * no itinerary.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The booking clerk requests a list of possible routes, matching the route specification, and
+ * assigns the cargo to one route. The route to which a cargo is assigned is described by an
+ * itinerary.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * A cargo can be re-routed during transport, on demand of the customer, in which case a new route
+ * is specified for the cargo and a new route is requested. The old itinerary, being a value object,
+ * is discarded and a new one is attached.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * It may also happen that a cargo is accidentally misrouted, which should notify the proper
+ * personnel and also trigger a re-routing procedure.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * When a cargo is handled, the status of the delivery changes. Everything about the delivery of the
+ * cargo is contained in the Delivery value object, which is replaced whenever a cargo is handled by
+ * an asynchronous event triggered by the registration of the handling event.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The delivery can also be affected by routing changes, i.e. when a the route specification
+ * changes, or the cargo is assigned to a new route. In that case, the delivery update is performed
+ * synchronously within the cargo aggregate.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The life cycle of a cargo ends when the cargo is claimed by the customer.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The cargo aggregate, and the entire domain model, is built to solve the problem of booking and
+ * tracking cargo. All important business rules for determining whether or not a cargo is
+ * misdirected, what the current status of the cargo is (on board carrier, in port etc), are
+ * captured in this aggregate.
+ */
+@Entity
+public class Cargo implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  @Id
+  @GeneratedValue
+  private Long id;
+
+  @Embedded
+  @NotNull(message = "Tracking ID is required.")
+  private TrackingId trackingId;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "origin_id", updatable = false)
+  @NotNull
+  private Location origin;
+
+  @Embedded
+  @NotNull(message = "Route specification is required.")
+  private RouteSpecification routeSpecification;
+
+  @Embedded
+  @NotNull
+  private Itinerary itinerary;
+  @Embedded
+  @NotNull
+  private Delivery delivery;
+
+  public Cargo() {
+    // Nothing to initialize.
+  }
+
+  public Cargo(TrackingId trackingId, RouteSpecification routeSpecification) {
+    Validate.notNull(trackingId, "Tracking ID is required.");
+    Validate.notNull(routeSpecification, "Route specification is required.");
+
+    this.trackingId = trackingId;
+    // Cargo origin never changes, even if the route specification changes.
+    // However, at creation, cargo origin can be derived from the initial
+    // route specification.
+    this.origin = routeSpecification.getOrigin();
+    this.routeSpecification = routeSpecification;
+
+    this.delivery =
+        Delivery.derivedFrom(this.routeSpecification, this.itinerary, HandlingHistory.EMPTY);
+    this.itinerary = Itinerary.EMPTY_ITINERARY;
+  }
+
+  public TrackingId getTrackingId() {
+    return trackingId;
+  }
+
+  public Location getOrigin() {
+    return origin;
+  }
+
+  public void setOrigin(Location origin) {
+    this.origin = origin;
+  }
+
+  public RouteSpecification getRouteSpecification() {
+    return routeSpecification;
+  }
+
+  /** @return The delivery. Never null. */
+  public Delivery getDelivery() {
+    return delivery;
+  }
+
+  /** @return The itinerary. Never null. */
+  public Itinerary getItinerary() {
+    return DomainObjectUtils.nullSafe(this.itinerary, Itinerary.EMPTY_ITINERARY);
+  }
+
+  /** Specifies a new route for this cargo. */
+  public void specifyNewRoute(RouteSpecification routeSpecification) {
+    Validate.notNull(routeSpecification, "Route specification is required.");
+
+    this.routeSpecification = routeSpecification;
+    // Handling consistency within the Cargo aggregate synchronously
+    this.delivery = delivery.updateOnRouting(this.routeSpecification, this.itinerary);
+  }
+
+  public void assignToRoute(Itinerary itinerary) {
+    Validate.notNull(itinerary, "Itinerary is required for assignment.");
+
+    this.itinerary = itinerary;
+    // Handling consistency within the Cargo aggregate synchronously
+    this.delivery = delivery.updateOnRouting(this.routeSpecification, this.itinerary);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates all aspects of the cargo aggregate status based on the current route specification,
+   * itinerary and handling of the cargo.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * When either of those three changes, i.e. when a new route is specified for the cargo, the cargo
+   * is assigned to a route or when the cargo is handled, the status must be re-calculated.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * {@link RouteSpecification} and {@link Itinerary} are both inside the Cargo aggregate, so
+   * changes to them cause the status to be updated <b>synchronously</b>, but changes to the
+   * delivery history (when a cargo is handled) cause the status update to happen
+   * <b>asynchronously</b> since {@link HandlingEvent} is in a different aggregate.
+   *
+   * @param handlingHistory handling history
+   */
+  public void deriveDeliveryProgress(HandlingHistory handlingHistory) {
+    this.delivery = Delivery.derivedFrom(getRouteSpecification(), getItinerary(), handlingHistory);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param object to compare
+   * @return True if they have the same identity
+   * @see #sameIdentityAs(Cargo)
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object object) {
+    if (this == object) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (object == null || !(object instanceof Cargo)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    Cargo other = (Cargo) object;
+    return sameIdentityAs(other);
+  }
+
+  private boolean sameIdentityAs(Cargo other) {
+    return other != null && trackingId.sameValueAs(other.trackingId);
+  }
+
+  /** @return Hash code of tracking id. */
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return trackingId.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return trackingId.toString();
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/Delivery.java

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+import static org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.RoutingStatus.MISROUTED;
+import static org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.RoutingStatus.NOT_ROUTED;
+import static org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.RoutingStatus.ROUTED;
+import static org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TransportStatus.CLAIMED;
+import static org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TransportStatus.IN_PORT;
+import static org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TransportStatus.NOT_RECEIVED;
+import static org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TransportStatus.ONBOARD_CARRIER;
+import static org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TransportStatus.UNKNOWN;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embeddable;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embedded;
+import jakarta.persistence.EnumType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.HandlingEvent;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.HandlingHistory;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.Location;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.voyage.Voyage;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.shared.DomainObjectUtils;
+
+/**
+ * The actual transportation of the cargo, as opposed to the customer requirement
+ * (RouteSpecification) and the plan (Itinerary).
+ */
+@Embeddable
+public class Delivery implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  // Null object pattern.
+  public static final LocalDateTime ETA_UNKOWN = null;
+  public static final HandlingActivity NO_ACTIVITY = new HandlingActivity();
+
+  @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+  @Column(name = "transport_status")
+  @NotNull
+  private TransportStatus transportStatus;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "last_known_location_id")
+  private Location lastKnownLocation;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "current_voyage_id")
+  private Voyage currentVoyage;
+
+  @NotNull
+  private boolean misdirected;
+
+  private LocalDateTime eta;
+
+  @Embedded
+  private HandlingActivity nextExpectedActivity;
+
+  @Column(name = "unloaded_at_dest")
+  @NotNull
+  private boolean isUnloadedAtDestination;
+
+  @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+  @Column(name = "routing_status")
+  @NotNull
+  private RoutingStatus routingStatus;
+
+  @Column(name = "calculated_at")
+  @NotNull
+  private LocalDateTime calculatedAt;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "last_event_id")
+  private HandlingEvent lastEvent;
+
+  public Delivery() {
+    // Nothing to initialize
+  }
+
+  public Delivery(
+      HandlingEvent lastEvent, Itinerary itinerary, RouteSpecification routeSpecification) {
+    // This is a workaround to a Hibernate issue. when the `LocalDateTime` field is persisted into
+    // the DB, and retrieved from the DB, the values are different by nanoseconds.
+    this.calculatedAt = LocalDateTime.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+    this.lastEvent = lastEvent;
+
+    this.misdirected = calculateMisdirectionStatus(itinerary);
+    this.routingStatus = calculateRoutingStatus(itinerary, routeSpecification);
+    this.transportStatus = calculateTransportStatus();
+    this.lastKnownLocation = calculateLastKnownLocation();
+    this.currentVoyage = calculateCurrentVoyage();
+    this.eta = calculateEta(itinerary);
+    this.nextExpectedActivity = calculateNextExpectedActivity(routeSpecification, itinerary);
+    this.isUnloadedAtDestination = calculateUnloadedAtDestination(routeSpecification);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new delivery snapshot based on the complete handling history of a cargo, as well as
+   * its route specification and itinerary.
+   *
+   * @param routeSpecification route specification
+   * @param itinerary itinerary
+   * @param handlingHistory delivery history
+   * @return An up to date delivery.
+   */
+  static Delivery derivedFrom(
+      RouteSpecification routeSpecification, Itinerary itinerary, HandlingHistory handlingHistory) {
+    Validate.notNull(routeSpecification, "Route specification is required");
+    Validate.notNull(handlingHistory, "Delivery history is required");
+
+    HandlingEvent lastEvent = handlingHistory.getMostRecentlyCompletedEvent();
+
+    return new Delivery(lastEvent, itinerary, routeSpecification);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new delivery snapshot to reflect changes in routing, i.e. when the route
+   * specification or the itinerary has changed but no additional handling of the cargo has been
+   * performed.
+   */
+  Delivery updateOnRouting(RouteSpecification routeSpecification, Itinerary itinerary) {
+    Validate.notNull(routeSpecification, "Route specification is required");
+
+    return new Delivery(this.lastEvent, itinerary, routeSpecification);
+  }
+
+  public TransportStatus getTransportStatus() {
+    return transportStatus;
+  }
+
+  public void setTransportStatus(TransportStatus transportStatus) {
+    this.transportStatus = transportStatus;
+  }
+
+  public Location getLastKnownLocation() {
+    return DomainObjectUtils.nullSafe(lastKnownLocation, Location.UNKNOWN);
+  }
+
+  public void setLastKnownLocation(Location lastKnownLocation) {
+    this.lastKnownLocation = lastKnownLocation;
+  }
+
+  public void setLastEvent(HandlingEvent lastEvent) {
+    this.lastEvent = lastEvent;
+  }
+
+  public Voyage getCurrentVoyage() {
+    return DomainObjectUtils.nullSafe(currentVoyage, Voyage.NONE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if cargo is misdirected.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   * <li>A cargo is misdirected if it is in a location that's not in the itinerary.
+   * <li>A cargo with no itinerary can not be misdirected.
+   * <li>A cargo that has received no handling events can not be misdirected.
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * @return <code>true</code> if the cargo has been misdirected,
+   */
+  public boolean isMisdirected() {
+    return misdirected;
+  }
+
+  public void setMisdirected(boolean misdirected) {
+    this.misdirected = misdirected;
+  }
+
+  public LocalDateTime getEstimatedTimeOfArrival() {
+    return eta;
+  }
+
+  public HandlingActivity getNextExpectedActivity() {
+    return nextExpectedActivity;
+  }
+
+  /** @return True if the cargo has been unloaded at the final destination. */
+  public boolean isUnloadedAtDestination() {
+    return isUnloadedAtDestination;
+  }
+
+  public void setUnloadedAtDestination(boolean isUnloadedAtDestination) {
+    this.isUnloadedAtDestination = isUnloadedAtDestination;
+  }
+
+  public RoutingStatus getRoutingStatus() {
+    return routingStatus;
+  }
+
+  public void setRoutingStatus(RoutingStatus routingStatus) {
+    this.routingStatus = routingStatus;
+  }
+
+  public LocalDateTime getCalculatedAt() {
+    return calculatedAt;
+  }
+
+  public void setCalculatedAt(LocalDateTime calculatedAt) {
+    this.calculatedAt = calculatedAt;
+  }
+
+  private TransportStatus calculateTransportStatus() {
+    if (lastEvent == null) {
+      return NOT_RECEIVED;
+    }
+
+    switch (lastEvent.getType()) {
+      case LOAD:
+        return ONBOARD_CARRIER;
+      case UNLOAD:
+      case RECEIVE:
+      case CUSTOMS:
+        return IN_PORT;
+      case CLAIM:
+        return CLAIMED;
+      default:
+        return UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Location calculateLastKnownLocation() {
+    if (lastEvent != null) {
+      return lastEvent.getLocation();
+    } else {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Voyage calculateCurrentVoyage() {
+    if (getTransportStatus().equals(ONBOARD_CARRIER) && lastEvent != null) {
+      return lastEvent.getVoyage();
+    } else {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean calculateMisdirectionStatus(Itinerary itinerary) {
+    if (lastEvent == null) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      return !itinerary.isExpected(lastEvent);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private LocalDateTime calculateEta(Itinerary itinerary) {
+    if (onTrack()) {
+      // This is a workaround to a Hibernate issue. when the `LocalDateTime` field is persisted into
+      // the DB, and retrieved from the DB, the values are different by nanoseconds.
+      return itinerary.getFinalArrivalDate().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+    } else {
+      return ETA_UNKOWN;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private HandlingActivity calculateNextExpectedActivity(
+      RouteSpecification routeSpecification, Itinerary itinerary) {
+    if (!onTrack()) {
+      return NO_ACTIVITY;
+    }
+
+    if (lastEvent == null) {
+      return new HandlingActivity(HandlingEvent.Type.RECEIVE, routeSpecification.getOrigin());
+    }
+
+    switch (lastEvent.getType()) {
+      case LOAD:
+        for (Leg leg : itinerary.getLegs()) {
+          if (leg.getLoadLocation().sameIdentityAs(lastEvent.getLocation())) {
+            return new HandlingActivity(
+                HandlingEvent.Type.UNLOAD, leg.getUnloadLocation(), leg.getVoyage());
+          }
+        }
+
+        return NO_ACTIVITY;
+
+      case UNLOAD:
+        for (Iterator<Leg> iterator = itinerary.getLegs().iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+          Leg leg = iterator.next();
+
+          if (leg.getUnloadLocation().sameIdentityAs(lastEvent.getLocation())) {
+            if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+              Leg nextLeg = iterator.next();
+              return new HandlingActivity(
+                  HandlingEvent.Type.LOAD, nextLeg.getLoadLocation(), nextLeg.getVoyage());
+            } else {
+              return new HandlingActivity(HandlingEvent.Type.CLAIM, leg.getUnloadLocation());
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return NO_ACTIVITY;
+
+      case RECEIVE:
+        Leg firstLeg = itinerary.getLegs().iterator().next();
+
+        return new HandlingActivity(
+            HandlingEvent.Type.LOAD, firstLeg.getLoadLocation(), firstLeg.getVoyage());
+
+      case CLAIM:
+      default:
+        return NO_ACTIVITY;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private RoutingStatus calculateRoutingStatus(
+      Itinerary itinerary, RouteSpecification routeSpecification) {
+    if (itinerary == null || itinerary == Itinerary.EMPTY_ITINERARY) {
+      return NOT_ROUTED;
+    } else {
+      if (routeSpecification.isSatisfiedBy(itinerary)) {
+        return ROUTED;
+      } else {
+        return MISROUTED;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean calculateUnloadedAtDestination(RouteSpecification routeSpecification) {
+    return lastEvent != null
+        && HandlingEvent.Type.UNLOAD.sameValueAs(lastEvent.getType())
+        && routeSpecification.getDestination().sameIdentityAs(lastEvent.getLocation());
+  }
+
+  private boolean onTrack() {
+    return routingStatus.equals(ROUTED) && !misdirected;
+  }
+
+  private boolean sameValueAs(Delivery other) {
+    return other != null
+        && new EqualsBuilder()
+            .append(this.transportStatus, other.transportStatus)
+            .append(this.lastKnownLocation, other.lastKnownLocation)
+            .append(this.currentVoyage, other.currentVoyage)
+            .append(this.misdirected, other.misdirected)
+            .append(this.eta, other.eta)
+            .append(this.nextExpectedActivity, other.nextExpectedActivity)
+            .append(this.isUnloadedAtDestination, other.isUnloadedAtDestination)
+            .append(this.routingStatus, other.routingStatus)
+            .append(this.calculatedAt, other.calculatedAt)
+            .append(this.lastEvent, other.lastEvent)
+            .isEquals();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (o == null || !(o instanceof Delivery)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    Delivery other = (Delivery) o;
+
+    return sameValueAs(other);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return new HashCodeBuilder()
+        .append(transportStatus)
+        .append(lastKnownLocation)
+        .append(currentVoyage)
+        .append(misdirected)
+        .append(eta)
+        .append(nextExpectedActivity)
+        .append(isUnloadedAtDestination)
+        .append(routingStatus)
+        .append(calculatedAt)
+        .append(lastEvent)
+        .toHashCode();
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/HandlingActivity.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embeddable;
+import jakarta.persistence.EnumType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.HandlingEvent;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.Location;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.voyage.Voyage;
+
+/**
+ * A handling activity represents how and where a cargo can be handled, and can be used to express
+ * predictions about what is expected to happen to a cargo in the future.
+ */
+@Embeddable
+public class HandlingActivity implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+  @Column(name = "next_expected_handling_event_type")
+  @NotNull(message = "Handling event type is required.")
+  private HandlingEvent.Type type;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "next_expected_location_id")
+  @NotNull(message = "Location is required.")
+  private Location location;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "next_expected_voyage_id")
+  private Voyage voyage;
+
+  public HandlingActivity() {}
+
+  public HandlingActivity(HandlingEvent.Type type, Location location) {
+    Validate.notNull(type, "Handling event type is required.");
+    Validate.notNull(location, "Location is required.");
+
+    this.type = type;
+    this.location = location;
+  }
+
+  public HandlingActivity(HandlingEvent.Type type, Location location, Voyage voyage) {
+    Validate.notNull(type, "Handling event type is required");
+    Validate.notNull(location, "Location is required");
+    Validate.notNull(voyage, "Voyage is required");
+
+    this.type = type;
+    this.location = location;
+    this.voyage = voyage;
+  }
+
+  public HandlingEvent.Type getType() {
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  public Location getLocation() {
+    return location;
+  }
+
+  public Voyage getVoyage() {
+    return voyage;
+  }
+
+  private boolean sameValueAs(HandlingActivity other) {
+    return other != null
+        && new EqualsBuilder()
+            .append(this.type, other.type)
+            .append(this.location, other.location)
+            .append(this.voyage, other.voyage)
+            .isEquals();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return new HashCodeBuilder()
+        .append(this.type)
+        .append(this.location)
+        .append(this.voyage)
+        .toHashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+    if (obj == this) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (obj == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!(obj instanceof HandlingActivity)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    HandlingActivity other = (HandlingActivity) obj;
+
+    return sameValueAs(other);
+  }
+
+  public boolean isEmpty() {
+    if (type != null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (location != null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return voyage == null;
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/Itinerary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import jakarta.persistence.CascadeType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embeddable;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.OneToMany;
+import jakarta.persistence.OrderColumn;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling.HandlingEvent;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.Location;
+
+@Embeddable
+public class Itinerary implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  // Null object pattern.
+  public static final Itinerary EMPTY_ITINERARY = new Itinerary();
+
+  // TODO [Clean Code] Look into why cascade delete doesn't work.
+  @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
+  @JoinColumn(name = "cargo_id")
+  @OrderColumn(name = "leg_order")
+  @Size(min = 1)
+  @NotEmpty(message = "Legs must not be empty.")
+  private List<Leg> legs = Collections.emptyList();
+
+  public Itinerary() {
+    // Nothing to initialize.
+  }
+
+  public Itinerary(List<Leg> legs) {
+    Validate.notEmpty(legs);
+    Validate.noNullElements(legs);
+
+    this.legs = legs;
+  }
+
+  public List<Leg> getLegs() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(legs);
+  }
+
+  /** Test if the given handling event is expected when executing this itinerary. */
+  public boolean isExpected(HandlingEvent event) {
+    if (legs.isEmpty()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    switch (event.getType()) {
+      case RECEIVE: {
+        // Check that the first leg's origin is the event's location
+        Leg leg = legs.get(0);
+        return leg.getLoadLocation().equals(event.getLocation());
+      }
+
+      case LOAD: {
+        return legs.stream()
+            .anyMatch(
+                leg -> leg.getLoadLocation().equals(event.getLocation())
+                    && leg.getVoyage().equals(event.getVoyage()));
+      }
+
+      case UNLOAD: {
+        // Check that the there is one leg with same unload location and
+        // voyage
+        return legs.stream()
+            .anyMatch(
+                leg -> leg.getUnloadLocation().equals(event.getLocation())
+                    && leg.getVoyage().equals(event.getVoyage()));
+      }
+
+      case CLAIM: {
+        // Check that the last leg's destination is from the event's
+        // location
+        Leg leg = getLastLeg();
+
+        return leg.getUnloadLocation().equals(event.getLocation());
+      }
+
+      case CUSTOMS: {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      default:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Event case is not handled");
+    }
+  }
+
+  Location getInitialDepartureLocation() {
+    if (legs.isEmpty()) {
+      return Location.UNKNOWN;
+    } else {
+      return legs.get(0).getLoadLocation();
+    }
+  }
+
+  Location getFinalArrivalLocation() {
+    if (legs.isEmpty()) {
+      return Location.UNKNOWN;
+    } else {
+      return getLastLeg().getUnloadLocation();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @return Date when cargo arrives at final destination. */
+  LocalDateTime getFinalArrivalDate() {
+    Leg lastLeg = getLastLeg();
+
+    if (lastLeg == null) {
+      return LocalDateTime.MAX;
+    } else {
+      return lastLeg.getUnloadTime();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @return The last leg on the itinerary. */
+  Leg getLastLeg() {
+    if (legs.isEmpty()) {
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      return legs.get(legs.size() - 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean sameValueAs(Itinerary other) {
+    return other != null && legs.equals(other.legs);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (o == null || !(o instanceof Itinerary)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    Itinerary itinerary = (Itinerary) o;
+
+    return sameValueAs(itinerary);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return legs.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "Itinerary{" + "legs=" + legs + '}';
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/Leg.java

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.Location;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.voyage.Voyage;
+
+@Entity
+public class Leg implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  @Id
+  @GeneratedValue
+  private Long id;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "voyage_id")
+  @NotNull
+  private Voyage voyage;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "load_location_id")
+  @NotNull
+  private Location loadLocation;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "unload_location_id")
+  @NotNull
+  private Location unloadLocation;
+
+  @Column(name = "load_time")
+  @NotNull
+  private LocalDateTime loadTime;
+
+  @Column(name = "unload_time")
+  @NotNull
+  private LocalDateTime unloadTime;
+
+  public Leg() {
+    // Nothing to initialize.
+  }
+
+  public Leg(
+      Voyage voyage,
+      Location loadLocation,
+      Location unloadLocation,
+      LocalDateTime loadTime,
+      LocalDateTime unloadTime) {
+    Validate.noNullElements(
+        new Object[] {voyage, loadLocation, unloadLocation, loadTime, unloadTime});
+
+    this.voyage = voyage;
+    this.loadLocation = loadLocation;
+    this.unloadLocation = unloadLocation;
+
+    // This is a workaround to a Hibernate issue. when the `LocalDateTime` field is persisted into
+    // the DB, and retrieved from the DB, the values are different by nanoseconds.
+    this.loadTime = loadTime.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+    this.unloadTime = unloadTime.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+  }
+
+  public Voyage getVoyage() {
+    return voyage;
+  }
+
+  public Location getLoadLocation() {
+    return loadLocation;
+  }
+
+  public Location getUnloadLocation() {
+    return unloadLocation;
+  }
+
+  public LocalDateTime getLoadTime() {
+    return this.loadTime;
+  }
+
+  public LocalDateTime getUnloadTime() {
+    return this.unloadTime;
+  }
+
+  private boolean sameValueAs(Leg other) {
+    return other != null
+        && new EqualsBuilder()
+            .append(this.voyage, other.voyage)
+            .append(this.loadLocation, other.loadLocation)
+            .append(this.unloadLocation, other.unloadLocation)
+            .append(this.loadTime, other.loadTime)
+            .append(this.unloadTime, other.unloadTime)
+            .isEquals();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (o == null || !(o instanceof Leg)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    Leg leg = (Leg) o;
+
+    return sameValueAs(leg);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return new HashCodeBuilder()
+        .append(voyage)
+        .append(loadLocation)
+        .append(unloadLocation)
+        .append(loadTime)
+        .append(unloadTime)
+        .toHashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "Leg{"
+        + "id="
+        + id
+        + ", voyage="
+        + voyage
+        + ", loadLocation="
+        + loadLocation
+        + ", unloadLocation="
+        + unloadLocation
+        + ", loadTime="
+        + loadTime
+        + ", unloadTime="
+        + unloadTime
+        + '}';
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/RouteSpecification.java

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embeddable;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.Location;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.shared.AbstractSpecification;
+
+/**
+ * Route specification. Describes where a cargo origin and destination is, and the arrival deadline.
+ */
+@Embeddable
+public class RouteSpecification extends AbstractSpecification<Itinerary> implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "spec_origin_id", updatable = false)
+  private Location origin;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "spec_destination_id")
+  private Location destination;
+
+  @Column(name = "spec_arrival_deadline")
+  @NotNull
+  private LocalDate arrivalDeadline;
+
+  public RouteSpecification() {}
+
+  /**
+   * @param origin origin location - can't be the same as the destination
+   * @param destination destination location - can't be the same as the origin
+   * @param arrivalDeadline arrival deadline
+   */
+  public RouteSpecification(Location origin, Location destination, LocalDate arrivalDeadline) {
+    Validate.notNull(origin, "Origin is required");
+    Validate.notNull(destination, "Destination is required");
+    Validate.notNull(arrivalDeadline, "Arrival deadline is required");
+    Validate.isTrue(
+        !origin.sameIdentityAs(destination), "Origin and destination can't be the same: " + origin);
+
+    this.origin = origin;
+    this.destination = destination;
+    this.arrivalDeadline = arrivalDeadline;
+  }
+
+  public Location getOrigin() {
+    return origin;
+  }
+
+  public Location getDestination() {
+    return destination;
+  }
+
+  public LocalDate getArrivalDeadline() {
+    return arrivalDeadline;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSatisfiedBy(Itinerary itinerary) {
+    return itinerary != null
+        && getOrigin().sameIdentityAs(itinerary.getInitialDepartureLocation())
+        && getDestination().sameIdentityAs(itinerary.getFinalArrivalLocation())
+        && getArrivalDeadline().isAfter(itinerary.getFinalArrivalDate().toLocalDate());
+  }
+
+  private boolean sameValueAs(RouteSpecification other) {
+    return other != null
+        && new EqualsBuilder()
+            .append(this.origin, other.origin)
+            .append(this.destination, other.destination)
+            .append(this.arrivalDeadline, other.arrivalDeadline)
+            .isEquals();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (o == null || !(o instanceof RouteSpecification)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    RouteSpecification that = (RouteSpecification) o;
+
+    return sameValueAs(that);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return new HashCodeBuilder()
+        .append(this.origin)
+        .append(this.destination)
+        .append(this.arrivalDeadline)
+        .toHashCode();
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/RoutingStatus.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+public enum RoutingStatus {
+  NOT_ROUTED, ROUTED, MISROUTED;
+
+  public boolean sameValueAs(RoutingStatus other) {
+    return this.equals(other);
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/TrackingId.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonGetter;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embeddable;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
+
+/** Uniquely identifies a particular cargo. Automatically generated by the application. */
+@Embeddable
+public class TrackingId implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  @Column(name = "tracking_id", unique = true, updatable = false)
+  @NotEmpty(message = "Tracking ID cannot be empty.")
+  @JsonProperty("id")
+  private String id;
+
+  public TrackingId() {}
+
+  public TrackingId(String id) {
+    Objects.requireNonNull(id); // replaced depracated method
+    this.id = id;
+  }
+
+  @JsonGetter("id")
+  public String getIdString() {
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (o == null || !(o instanceof TrackingId)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    TrackingId other = (TrackingId) o;
+
+    return sameValueAs(other);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return id.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  boolean sameValueAs(TrackingId other) {
+    return other != null && this.id.equals(other.id);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return id;
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/cargo/TransportStatus.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo;
+
+public enum TransportStatus {
+  NOT_RECEIVED, IN_PORT, ONBOARD_CARRIER, CLAIMED, UNKNOWN;
+
+  public boolean sameValueAs(TransportStatus other) {
+    return this.equals(other);
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/handling/CannotCreateHandlingEventException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling;
+
+/**
+ * If a {@link HandlingEvent} can't be created from a given set of parameters.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * It is a checked exception because it's not a programming error, but rather a special case that
+ * the application is built to handle. It can occur during normal program execution.
+ */
+public class CannotCreateHandlingEventException extends Exception {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  public CannotCreateHandlingEventException(Exception e) {
+    super(e);
+  }
+
+  public CannotCreateHandlingEventException() {
+    super();
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/handling/HandlingEvent.java

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.EnumType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;
+import jakarta.persistence.ManyToOne;
+import jakarta.persistence.NamedQuery;
+import jakarta.persistence.Transient;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.Cargo;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TrackingId;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.Location;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.voyage.Voyage;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.shared.DomainObjectUtils;
+
+/**
+ * A HandlingEvent is used to register the event when, for instance, a cargo is unloaded from a
+ * carrier at a some location at a given time.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The HandlingEvent's are sent from different Incident Logging Applications some time after the
+ * event occurred and contain information about the null {@link TrackingId}, {@link Location}, time
+ * stamp of the completion of the event, and possibly, if applicable a {@link Voyage}.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This class is the only member, and consequently the root, of the HandlingEvent aggregate.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * HandlingEvent's could contain information about a {@link Voyage} and if so, the event type must
+ * be either {@link Type#LOAD} or {@link Type#UNLOAD}.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * All other events must be of {@link Type#RECEIVE}, {@link Type#CLAIM} or {@link Type#CUSTOMS}.
+ */
+@Entity
+@NamedQuery(
+    name = "HandlingEvent.findByTrackingId",
+    query = "Select e from HandlingEvent e where e.cargo.trackingId = :trackingId")
+public class HandlingEvent implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  @Id
+  @GeneratedValue
+  private Long id;
+
+  @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+  @NotNull
+  private Type type;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "voyage_id")
+  private Voyage voyage;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "location_id")
+  @NotNull
+  private Location location;
+
+  @NotNull
+  @Column(name = "completionTime")
+  private LocalDateTime completionTime;
+
+  @NotNull
+  @Column(name = "registration")
+  private LocalDateTime registrationTime;
+
+  @ManyToOne
+  @JoinColumn(name = "cargo_id")
+  @NotNull
+  private Cargo cargo;
+
+  @Transient
+  private String summary;
+
+  public HandlingEvent() {
+    // Nothing to initialize.
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param cargo The cargo
+   * @param completionTime completion time, the reported time that the event actually happened (e.g.
+   *        the receive took place).
+   * @param registrationTime registration time, the time the message is received
+   * @param type type of event
+   * @param location where the event took place
+   * @param voyage the voyage
+   */
+  public HandlingEvent(
+      Cargo cargo,
+      LocalDateTime completionTime,
+      LocalDateTime registrationTime,
+      Type type,
+      Location location,
+      Voyage voyage) {
+    Validate.notNull(cargo, "Cargo is required");
+    Validate.notNull(completionTime, "Completion time is required");
+    Validate.notNull(registrationTime, "Registration time is required");
+    Validate.notNull(type, "Handling event type is required");
+    Validate.notNull(location, "Location is required");
+    Validate.notNull(voyage, "Voyage is required");
+
+    if (type.prohibitsVoyage()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Voyage is not allowed with event type " + type);
+    }
+
+    this.voyage = voyage;
+
+    // This is a workaround to a Hibernate issue. when the `LocalDateTime` field is persisted into
+    // the DB, and retrieved from the DB, the values are different by nanoseconds.
+    this.completionTime = completionTime.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+    this.registrationTime = registrationTime.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+    this.type = type;
+    this.location = location;
+    this.cargo = cargo;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param cargo cargo
+   * @param completionTime completion time, the reported time that the event actually happened (e.g.
+   *        the receive took place).
+   * @param registrationTime registration time, the time the message is received
+   * @param type type of event
+   * @param location where the event took place
+   */
+  public HandlingEvent(
+      Cargo cargo,
+      LocalDateTime completionTime,
+      LocalDateTime registrationTime,
+      Type type,
+      Location location) {
+    Validate.notNull(cargo, "Cargo is required");
+    Validate.notNull(completionTime, "Completion time is required");
+    Validate.notNull(registrationTime, "Registration time is required");
+    Validate.notNull(type, "Handling event type is required");
+    Validate.notNull(location, "Location is required");
+
+    if (type.requiresVoyage()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Voyage is required for event type " + type);
+    }
+
+    // This is a workaround to a Hibernate issue. when the `LocalDateTime` field is persisted into
+    // the DB, and retrieved from the DB, the values are different by nanoseconds.
+    this.completionTime = completionTime.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+    this.registrationTime = registrationTime.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+    this.type = type;
+    this.location = location;
+    this.cargo = cargo;
+    this.voyage = null;
+  }
+
+  public Type getType() {
+    return this.type;
+  }
+
+  public Voyage getVoyage() {
+    return DomainObjectUtils.nullSafe(this.voyage, Voyage.NONE);
+  }
+
+  public LocalDateTime getCompletionTime() {
+    return completionTime;
+  }
+
+  public LocalDateTime getRegistrationTime() {
+    return registrationTime;
+  }
+
+  public Location getLocation() {
+    return this.location;
+  }
+
+  public Cargo getCargo() {
+    return this.cargo;
+  }
+
+  public String getSummary() {
+    StringBuilder builder =
+        new StringBuilder(location.getName())
+            .append("\n")
+            .append(completionTime)
+            .append("\n")
+            .append("Type: ")
+            .append(type)
+            .append("\n")
+            .append("Reg.: ")
+            .append(registrationTime)
+            .append("\n");
+
+    if (voyage != null) {
+      builder.append("Voyage: ").append(voyage.getVoyageNumber());
+    }
+
+    return builder.toString();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (o == null || !(o instanceof HandlingEvent)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    HandlingEvent event = (HandlingEvent) o;
+
+    return sameEventAs(event);
+  }
+
+  private boolean sameEventAs(HandlingEvent other) {
+    return other != null
+        && new EqualsBuilder()
+            .append(this.cargo, other.cargo)
+            .append(this.voyage, other.voyage)
+            .append(this.completionTime, other.completionTime)
+            .append(this.location, other.location)
+            .append(this.type, other.type)
+            .isEquals();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return new HashCodeBuilder()
+        .append(cargo)
+        .append(voyage)
+        .append(completionTime)
+        .append(location)
+        .append(type)
+        .toHashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    StringBuilder builder =
+        new StringBuilder("\n--- Handling event ---\n")
+            .append("Cargo: ")
+            .append(cargo.getTrackingId())
+            .append("\n")
+            .append("Type: ")
+            .append(type)
+            .append("\n")
+            .append("Location: ")
+            .append(location.getName())
+            .append("\n")
+            .append("Completed on: ")
+            .append(completionTime)
+            .append("\n")
+            .append("Registered on: ")
+            .append(registrationTime)
+            .append("\n");
+
+    if (voyage != null) {
+      builder.append("Voyage: ").append(voyage.getVoyageNumber()).append("\n");
+    }
+
+    return builder.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handling event type. Either requires or prohibits a carrier movement association, it's never
+   * optional.
+   */
+  public enum Type {
+
+    // Loaded onto voyage from port location.
+    LOAD(true),
+    // Unloaded from voyage to port location
+    UNLOAD(true),
+    // Received by carrier
+    RECEIVE(false),
+    // Cargo claimed by recepient
+    CLAIM(false),
+    // Cargo went through customs
+    CUSTOMS(false);
+
+    private final boolean voyageRequired;
+
+    /**
+     * Private enum constructor.
+     *
+     * @param voyageRequired whether or not a voyage is associated with this event type
+     */
+    private Type(boolean voyageRequired) {
+      this.voyageRequired = voyageRequired;
+    }
+
+    /** @return True if a voyage association is required for this event type. */
+    public boolean requiresVoyage() {
+      return voyageRequired;
+    }
+
+    /** @return True if a voyage association is prohibited for this event type. */
+    public boolean prohibitsVoyage() {
+      return !requiresVoyage();
+    }
+
+    public boolean sameValueAs(Type other) {
+      return other != null && this.equals(other);
+    }
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/handling/HandlingEventFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.Cargo;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TrackingId;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.Location;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.UnLocode;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.voyage.Voyage;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.voyage.VoyageNumber;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.infrastructure.persistence.jpa.JpaCargoRepository;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.infrastructure.persistence.jpa.JpaLocationRepository;
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.infrastructure.persistence.jpa.JpaVoyageRepository;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+@Component
+public class HandlingEventFactory implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  private JpaCargoRepository cargoRepository;
+  private JpaVoyageRepository voyageRepository;
+  private JpaLocationRepository locationRepository;
+
+
+  public HandlingEventFactory(
+      JpaCargoRepository cargoRepository,
+      JpaVoyageRepository voyageRepository,
+      JpaLocationRepository locationRepository) {
+    this.cargoRepository = cargoRepository;
+    this.voyageRepository = voyageRepository;
+    this.locationRepository = locationRepository;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param registrationTime time when this event was received by the system
+   * @param completionTime when the event was completed, for example finished loading
+   * @param trackingId cargo tracking id
+   * @param voyageNumber voyage number
+   * @param unlocode United Nations Location Code for the location of the event
+   * @param type type of event
+   * @return A handling event.
+   * @throws UnknownVoyageException if there's no voyage with this number
+   * @throws UnknownCargoException if there's no cargo with this tracking id
+   * @throws UnknownLocationException if there's no location with this UN Locode
+   */
+  // TODO [Clean Code] Look at the exception handling more seriously.
+  public HandlingEvent createHandlingEvent(
+      LocalDateTime registrationTime,
+      LocalDateTime completionTime,
+      TrackingId trackingId,
+      VoyageNumber voyageNumber,
+      UnLocode unlocode,
+      HandlingEvent.Type type)
+      throws CannotCreateHandlingEventException {
+    Cargo cargo = findCargo(trackingId);
+    Voyage voyage = findVoyage(voyageNumber);
+    Location location = findLocation(unlocode);
+
+    try {
+      if (voyage == null) {
+        return new HandlingEvent(cargo, completionTime, registrationTime, type, location);
+      } else {
+        return new HandlingEvent(cargo, completionTime, registrationTime, type, location, voyage);
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new CannotCreateHandlingEventException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Cargo findCargo(TrackingId trackingId) throws UnknownCargoException {
+    Cargo cargo = cargoRepository.findByTrackingId(trackingId)
+        .orElseThrow(() -> new UnknownCargoException(trackingId));
+
+    return cargo;
+  }
+
+  private Voyage findVoyage(VoyageNumber voyageNumber) throws UnknownVoyageException {
+    if (voyageNumber == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    Voyage voyage = voyageRepository.findByVoyageNumber(voyageNumber);
+
+    if (voyage == null) {
+      throw new UnknownVoyageException(voyageNumber);
+    }
+
+    return voyage;
+  }
+
+  private Location findLocation(UnLocode unlocode) throws UnknownLocationException {
+    Location location = locationRepository.findByUnLocode(unlocode);
+
+    if (location == null) {
+      throw new UnknownLocationException(unlocode);
+    }
+
+    return location;
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/handling/HandlingHistory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
+
+public class HandlingHistory {
+
+  // Null object pattern.
+  public static final HandlingHistory EMPTY =
+      new HandlingHistory(Collections.<HandlingEvent>emptyList());
+  private static final Comparator<HandlingEvent> BY_COMPLETION_TIME_COMPARATOR =
+      Comparator.comparing(HandlingEvent::getCompletionTime);
+
+  private final List<HandlingEvent> handlingEvents;
+
+  public HandlingHistory(Collection<HandlingEvent> handlingEvents) {
+    Validate.notNull(handlingEvents, "Handling events are required.");
+
+    this.handlingEvents = new ArrayList<>(handlingEvents);
+  }
+
+  public List<HandlingEvent> getAllHandlingEvents() {
+    return handlingEvents;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return A distinct list (no duplicate registrations) of handling events, ordered by completion
+   *         time.
+   */
+  public List<HandlingEvent> getDistinctEventsByCompletionTime() {
+    List<HandlingEvent> ordered = new ArrayList<>(new HashSet<>(handlingEvents));
+    ordered.sort(BY_COMPLETION_TIME_COMPARATOR);
+
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(ordered);
+  }
+
+  /** @return Most recently completed event, or null if the delivery history is empty. */
+  public HandlingEvent getMostRecentlyCompletedEvent() {
+    List<HandlingEvent> distinctEvents = getDistinctEventsByCompletionTime();
+
+    if (distinctEvents.isEmpty()) {
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      return distinctEvents.get(distinctEvents.size() - 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean sameValueAs(HandlingHistory other) {
+    return other != null && this.handlingEvents.equals(other.handlingEvents);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (o == null || !(o instanceof HandlingHistory)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    HandlingHistory other = (HandlingHistory) o;
+
+    return sameValueAs(other);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return handlingEvents.hashCode();
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/handling/UnknownCargoException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling;
+
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.cargo.TrackingId;
+
+/** Thrown when trying to register an event with an unknown tracking id. */
+public class UnknownCargoException extends CannotCreateHandlingEventException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  private final TrackingId trackingId;
+
+  /** @param trackingId cargo tracking id */
+  public UnknownCargoException(TrackingId trackingId) {
+    this.trackingId = trackingId;
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public String getMessage() {
+    return "No cargo with tracking id " + trackingId.getIdString() + " exists in the system.";
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/handling/UnknownLocationException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling;
+
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location.UnLocode;
+
+public class UnknownLocationException extends CannotCreateHandlingEventException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  private final UnLocode unlocode;
+
+  public UnknownLocationException(UnLocode unlocode) {
+    this.unlocode = unlocode;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getMessage() {
+    return "No location with UN locode " + unlocode.getIdString() + " exists in the system.";
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/handling/UnknownVoyageException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.handling;
+
+import org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.voyage.VoyageNumber;
+
+/** Thrown when trying to register an event with an unknown carrier movement id. */
+public class UnknownVoyageException extends CannotCreateHandlingEventException {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  private final VoyageNumber voyageNumber;
+
+  public UnknownVoyageException(VoyageNumber voyageNumber) {
+    this.voyageNumber = voyageNumber;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getMessage() {
+    return "No voyage with number " + voyageNumber.getIdString() + " exists in the system.";
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/location/Location.java

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import jakarta.persistence.Embedded;
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+
+/**
+ * A location in our model is stops on a journey, such as cargo origin or destination, or carrier
+ * movement end points.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * It is uniquely identified by a UN location code.
+ */
+@Entity
+public class Location implements Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  // Special Location object that marks an unknown location.
+  public static final Location UNKNOWN = new Location(new UnLocode("XXXXX"), "Unknown location");
+
+  @Id
+  @GeneratedValue
+  private Long id;
+  @Embedded
+  @NotNull
+  private UnLocode unLocode;
+  @NotEmpty
+  private String name;
+
+  public Location() {
+    // Nothing to do.
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param unLocode UN Locode
+   * @param name Location name
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the UN Locode or name is null
+   */
+  public Location(UnLocode unLocode, String name) {
+    Objects.requireNonNull(unLocode);
+    Objects.requireNonNull(name);
+
+    this.unLocode = unLocode;
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+
+  /** @return UN location code for this location. */
+  public UnLocode getUnLocode() {
+    return unLocode;
+  }
+
+  /** @return Actual name of this location, e.g. "Stockholm". */
+  public String getName() {
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param object to compare
+   * @return Since this is an entiy this will be true iff UN locodes are equal.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object object) {
+    if (object == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (this == object) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!(object instanceof Location)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    Location other = (Location) object;
+
+    return sameIdentityAs(other);
+  }
+
+  public boolean sameIdentityAs(Location other) {
+    return this.unLocode.sameValueAs(other.unLocode);
+  }
+
+  /** @return Hash code of UN locode. */
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return unLocode.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return name + " [" + unLocode + "]";
+  }
+}

benchmark/whole_applications/cargotracker/spring/src/main/java/org/eclipse/cargotracker/domain/model/location/SampleLocations.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.eclipse.cargotracker.domain.model.location;
+
+/** Sample locations, for test purposes. */
+public class SampleLocations {
+
+  public static final Location HONGKONG = new Location(new UnLocode("CNHKG"), "Hong Kong");
+  public static final Location MELBOURNE = new Location(new UnLocode("AUMEL"), "Melbourne");
+  public static final Location STOCKHOLM = new Location(new UnLocode("SESTO"), "Stockholm");
+  public static final Location HELSINKI = new Location(new UnLocode("FIHEL"), "Helsinki");
+  public static final Location CHICAGO = new Location(new UnLocode("USCHI"), "Chicago");
+  public static final Location TOKYO = new Location(new UnLocode("JNTKO"), "Tokyo");
+  public static final Location HAMBURG = new Location(new UnLocode("DEHAM"), "Hamburg");
+  public static final Location SHANGHAI = new Location(new UnLocode("CNSHA"), "Shanghai");
+  public static final Location ROTTERDAM = new Location(new UnLocode("NLRTM"), "Rotterdam");
+  public static final Location GOTHENBURG = new Location(new UnLocode("SEGOT"), "Gothenburg");
+  public static final Location HANGZOU = new Location(new UnLocode("CNHGH"), "Hangzhou");
+  public static final Location NEWYORK = new Location(new UnLocode("USNYC"), "New York");
+  public static final Location DALLAS = new Location(new UnLocode("USDAL"), "Dallas");
+}