# GPT-NeoX

## Overview

We introduce [GPT-NeoX-20B](https://huggingface.co/papers/2204.06745), a 20 billion parameter autoregressive language model trained on the Pile, whose weights will
be made freely and openly available to the public through a permissive license. It is, to the best of our knowledge,
the largest dense autoregressive model that has publicly available weights at the time of submission. In this work,
we describe GPT-NeoX-20B's architecture and training and evaluate its performance on a range of language-understanding,
mathematics, and knowledge-based tasks. We find that GPT-NeoX-20B is a particularly powerful few-shot reasoner and
gains far more in performance when evaluated five-shot than similarly sized GPT-3 and FairSeq models. We open-source
the training and evaluation code, as well as the model weights, at [https://github.com/EleutherAI/gpt-neox](https://github.com/EleutherAI/gpt-neox).

Development of the model was led by Sid Black, Stella Biderman and Eric Hallahan, and the model was trained with
generous the support of [CoreWeave](https://www.coreweave.com/).

GPT-NeoX-20B was trained with fp16, thus it is recommended to initialize the model as follows:

```python
model = GPTNeoXForCausalLM.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b", device_map="auto")
```

GPT-NeoX-20B also has a different tokenizer from the one used in GPT-J-6B and GPT-Neo. The new tokenizer allocates
additional tokens to whitespace characters, making the model more suitable for certain tasks like code generation.

## Usage example

The `generate()` method can be used to generate text using GPT Neo model.

```python
from transformers import GPTNeoXForCausalLM, GPTNeoXTokenizerFast

model = GPTNeoXForCausalLM.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b", device_map="auto")
tokenizer = GPTNeoXTokenizerFast.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")

prompt = "GPTNeoX20B is a 20B-parameter autoregressive Transformer model developed by EleutherAI."

input_ids = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device).input_ids

gen_tokens = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    do_sample=True,
    temperature=0.9,
    max_length=100,
)
gen_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(gen_tokens)[0]
```

## Using Flash Attention 2

Flash Attention 2 is an faster, optimized version of the model.

### Installation

First, check whether your hardware is compatible with Flash Attention 2. The latest list of compatible hardware can be found in the [official documentation](https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention#installation-and-features).

Next, [install](https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention#installation-and-features) the latest version of Flash Attention 2:

```bash
pip install -U flash-attn --no-build-isolation
```

### Usage

To load a model using Flash Attention 2, we can pass the argument `attn_implementation="flash_attention_2"` to [`.from_pretrained`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained). We'll also load the model in half-precision (e.g. `torch.float16`), since it results in almost no degradation to audio quality but significantly lower memory usage and faster inference:

```python
from transformers import GPTNeoXForCausalLM

model = GPTNeoXForCausalLM.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b", attn_implementation="flash_attention_2", device_map="auto")
...
```

### Expected speedups

Below is an expected speedup diagram that compares pure inference time between the native implementation in transformers using `stockmark/gpt-neox-japanese-1.4b` checkpoint and the Flash Attention 2 version of the model using a sequence length of 2048.

## Using Scaled Dot Product Attention (SDPA)

PyTorch includes a native scaled dot-product attention (SDPA) operator as part of `torch.nn.functional`. This function
encompasses several implementations that can be applied depending on the inputs and the hardware in use. See the
[official documentation](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention.html)
or the [GPU Inference](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/perf_infer_gpu_one#pytorch-scaled-dot-product-attention)
page for more information.

SDPA is used by default for `torch>=2.1.1` when an implementation is available, but you may also set
`attn_implementation="sdpa"` in `from_pretrained()` to explicitly request SDPA to be used.

```python
from transformers import GPTNeoXForCausalLM

model = GPTNeoXForCausalLM.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b", attn_implementation="sdpa", device_map="auto")
...
```

For the best speedups, we recommend loading the model in half-precision (e.g. `torch.float16` or `torch.bfloat16`).

On a local benchmark (rtx3080ti-16GB, PyTorch 2.2.1, OS Ubuntu 22.04) using `float16` with
[pythia-410m-deduped](https://huggingface.co/EleutherAI/pythia-410m-deduped), we saw the
following speedups during training and inference.

### Training

| Batch size |    Seq len | Time per batch (Eager - s) |    Time per batch (SDPA - s) | Speedup (%) | Eager peak mem (MB) | SDPA peak mem (MB) |    Mem saving (%) |
|-----------:|-----------:|---------------------------:|-----------------------------:|------------:|--------------------:|-------------------:|------------------:|
|          1 |        128 |                      0.024 |                        0.019 |      28.945 |             1789.95 |            1789.95 |                 0 |
|          1 |        256 |                      0.039 |                        0.031 |       23.18 |             1845.83 |            1844.84 |             0.053 |
|          1 |        512 |                       0.08 |                        0.055 |      45.524 |             2278.38 |            1953.76 |            16.615 |
|          1 |       1024 |                       0.19 |                        0.102 |      86.777 |             4772.36 |            2408.35 |            98.159 |
|          1 |       2048 |                      0.565 |                        0.204 |     177.098 |             13484.1 |            3882.01 |           247.348 |
|          2 |        128 |                      0.037 |                        0.032 |      15.121 |             1843.86 |            1844.78 |             -0.05 |
|          2 |        256 |                      0.067 |                        0.055 |      21.706 |             1999.72 |            1951.67 |             2.462 |
|          2 |        512 |                      0.144 |                        0.096 |      50.046 |             3613.16 |            2406.77 |            50.125 |
|          2 |       1024 |                      0.366 |                        0.193 |      89.666 |             8707.55 |            3878.86 |           124.487 |
|          2 |       2048 |                        OOM |                        0.379 |           / |                 OOM |            6825.13 | SDPA does not OOM |
|          4 |        128 |                       0.06 |                        0.054 |      11.539 |              1947.6 |            1952.06 |            -0.228 |
|          4 |        256 |                      0.119 |                        0.093 |      28.072 |             3008.39 |            2405.99 |            25.038 |
|          4 |        512 |                      0.275 |                        0.187 |      47.145 |             6290.58 |            3877.29 |            62.242 |
|          4 |       1024 |                        OOM |                         0.36 |           / |                 OOM |            6821.98 | SDPA does not OOM |
|          4 |       2048 |                        OOM |                        0.731 |           / |                 OOM |            12705.1 | SDPA does not OOM |

### Inference

|    Batch size |      Seq len |    Per token latency Eager (ms) |    Per token latency SDPA (ms) |    Speedup (%) |    Mem Eager (MB) |   Mem SDPA (MB) |    Mem saved (%) |
|--------------:|-------------:|--------------------------------:|-------------------------------:|---------------:|------------------:|----------------:|-----------------:|
|             1 |          128 |                           6.569 |                          5.858 |          12.14 |           974.831 |         974.826 |                0 |
|             1 |          256 |                           7.009 |                          5.863 |         19.542 |           1029.01 |         1028.08 |             0.09 |
|             1 |          512 |                           7.157 |                          5.965 |         19.983 |           1137.54 |         1137.52 |            0.001 |
|             1 |         1024 |                           7.523 |                          6.506 |         15.637 |            1329.3 |         1329.26 |            0.003 |
|             1 |         2048 |                           9.271 |                          9.205 |          0.713 |           1752.47 |         1734.51 |            1.036 |
|             2 |          128 |                           7.239 |                          5.959 |         21.493 |            1044.8 |         1028.37 |            1.597 |
|             2 |          256 |                           7.228 |                          6.036 |         19.757 |           1167.32 |         1137.73 |            2.601 |
|             2 |          512 |                           7.538 |                          6.693 |         12.628 |           1352.93 |         1329.55 |            1.758 |
|             2 |         1024 |                           8.916 |                          8.632 |          3.291 |           1752.56 |         1734.62 |            1.034 |
|             2 |         2048 |                          12.628 |                         12.606 |          0.181 |           2558.72 |          2545.8 |            0.508 |
|             4 |          128 |                           7.278 |                          6.046 |         20.373 |           1168.41 |         1137.79 |            2.691 |
|             4 |          256 |                           7.614 |                          6.588 |         15.574 |            1353.1 |         1329.79 |            1.753 |
|             4 |          512 |                           8.798 |                          8.144 |          8.028 |           1752.76 |         1734.85 |            1.032 |
|             4 |         1024 |                          11.765 |                         11.303 |           4.09 |           2558.96 |         2546.04 |            0.508 |
|             4 |         2048 |                          19.568 |                         17.735 |          10.33 |            4175.5 |         4165.26 |            0.246 |

## Resources

- [Causal language modeling task guide](../tasks/language_modeling)

## GPTNeoXConfig[[transformers.GPTNeoXConfig]]

#### transformers.GPTNeoXConfig[[transformers.GPTNeoXConfig]]

[Source](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/configuration_gpt_neox.py#L25)

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a GPTNeoXModel. It is used to instantiate a Gpt Neox
model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the
defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the [EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b](https://huggingface.co/EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b)

Configuration objects inherit from [PreTrainedConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/configuration#transformers.PreTrainedConfig) and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the
documentation from [PreTrainedConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/configuration#transformers.PreTrainedConfig) for more information.

Example:

```python
>>> from transformers import GPTNeoXConfig, GPTNeoXModel

>>> # Initializing a GPTNeoX gpt-neox-20b style configuration
>>> configuration = GPTNeoXConfig()

>>> # Initializing a model (with random weights) from the gpt-neox-20b style configuration
>>> model = GPTNeoXModel(configuration)
>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> configuration = model.config
```

**Parameters:**

vocab_size (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `50432`) : Vocabulary size of the model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by the `input_ids`.

hidden_size (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `6144`) : Dimension of the hidden representations.

num_hidden_layers (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `44`) : Number of hidden layers in the Transformer decoder.

num_attention_heads (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `64`) : Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer decoder.

intermediate_size (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `24576`) : Dimension of the MLP representations.

hidden_act (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `gelu`) : The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the decoder. For example, `"gelu"`, `"relu"`, `"silu"`, etc.

attention_dropout (`Union[float, int]`, *optional*, defaults to `0.0`) : The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities.

hidden_dropout (`Union[float, int]`, *optional*, defaults to `0.0`) : The dropout probability for all fully connected layers in the embeddings, encoder, and pooler.

classifier_dropout (`Union[float, int]`, *optional*, defaults to `0.1`) : The dropout ratio for classifier.

max_position_embeddings (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `2048`) : The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with.

initializer_range (`float`, *optional*, defaults to `0.02`) : The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.

layer_norm_eps (`float`, *optional*, defaults to `1e-05`) : The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.

use_cache (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`) : Whether or not the model should return the last key/values attentions (not used by all models). Only relevant if `config.is_decoder=True` or when the model is a decoder-only generative model.

bos_token_id (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `0`) : Token id used for beginning-of-stream in the vocabulary.

eos_token_id (`Union[int, list[int]]`, *optional*, defaults to `2`) : Token id used for end-of-stream in the vocabulary.

pad_token_id (`int`, *optional*) : Token id used for padding in the vocabulary.

tie_word_embeddings (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`) : Whether to tie weight embeddings according to model's `tied_weights_keys` mapping.

use_parallel_residual (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`) : Whether to use a "parallel" formulation in each Transformer layer, which can provide a slight training speedup at large scales (e.g. 20B).

rope_parameters (`Union[~modeling_rope_utils.RopeParameters, dict]`, *optional*) : Dictionary containing the configuration parameters for the RoPE embeddings. The dictionary should contain a value for `rope_theta` and optionally parameters used for scaling in case you want to use RoPE with longer `max_position_embeddings`.

attention_bias (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`) : Whether to use a bias in the query, key, value and output projection layers during self-attention.

is_decoder (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`) : Whether the model is used as a decoder or not. If `False`, the model is used as an encoder.

## GPTNeoXTokenizer[[transformers.GPTNeoXTokenizer]]

#### transformers.GPTNeoXTokenizer[[transformers.GPTNeoXTokenizer]]

[Source](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/tokenization_gpt_neox.py#L28)

Construct a GPT-NeoX-20B tokenizer (backed by HuggingFace's tokenizers library). Based on byte-level
Byte-Pair-Encoding.

This tokenizer has been trained to treat spaces like parts of the tokens (a bit like sentencepiece) so a word will

be encoded differently whether it is at the beginning of the sentence (without space) or not:

```python
>>> from transformers import GPTNeoXTokenizer

>>> tokenizer = GPTNeoXTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")
>>> tokenizer("Hello world")["input_ids"]
[15496, 995]

>>> tokenizer(" Hello world")["input_ids"]
[18435, 995]
```

You can get around that behavior by passing `add_prefix_space=True` when instantiating this tokenizer, but since
the model was not pretrained this way, it might yield a decrease in performance.

When used with `is_split_into_words=True`, this tokenizer needs to be instantiated with `add_prefix_space=True`.

This tokenizer inherits from [TokenizersBackend](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.TokenizersBackend) which contains most of the main methods. Users should
refer to this superclass for more information regarding those methods.

**Parameters:**

vocab_file (`str`, *optional*) : Path to the vocabulary file.

merges_file (`str`, *optional*) : Path to the merges file.

tokenizer_file (`str`, *optional*) : Path to a tokenizers JSON file containing the serialization of a tokenizer.

errors (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"replace"`) : Paradigm to follow when decoding bytes to UTF-8. See [bytes.decode](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes.decode) for more information.

unk_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) : The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.

bos_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) : The beginning of sequence token.

eos_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) : The end of sequence token.

pad_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<|padding|>"`) : Token for padding a sequence.

add_prefix_space (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`) : Whether or not to add an initial space to the input. This allows to treat the leading word just as any other word. (GPTNeoX tokenizer detect beginning of words by the preceding space).

add_bos_token (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`) : Whether or not to add a `bos_token` at the start of sequences.

add_eos_token (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`) : Whether or not to add an `eos_token` at the end of sequences.

trim_offsets (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`) : Whether or not the post-processing step should trim offsets to avoid including whitespaces.

vocab (`str` or `dict[str, int]`, *optional*) : Custom vocabulary dictionary. If not provided, vocabulary is loaded from `vocab_file`.

merges (`str` or `list[str]`, *optional*) : Custom merges list. If not provided, merges are loaded from `merges_file`.

## GPTNeoXTokenizerFast[[transformers.GPTNeoXTokenizer]]

#### transformers.GPTNeoXTokenizer[[transformers.GPTNeoXTokenizer]]

[Source](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/tokenization_gpt_neox.py#L28)

Construct a GPT-NeoX-20B tokenizer (backed by HuggingFace's tokenizers library). Based on byte-level
Byte-Pair-Encoding.

This tokenizer has been trained to treat spaces like parts of the tokens (a bit like sentencepiece) so a word will

be encoded differently whether it is at the beginning of the sentence (without space) or not:

```python
>>> from transformers import GPTNeoXTokenizer

>>> tokenizer = GPTNeoXTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")
>>> tokenizer("Hello world")["input_ids"]
[15496, 995]

>>> tokenizer(" Hello world")["input_ids"]
[18435, 995]
```

You can get around that behavior by passing `add_prefix_space=True` when instantiating this tokenizer, but since
the model was not pretrained this way, it might yield a decrease in performance.

When used with `is_split_into_words=True`, this tokenizer needs to be instantiated with `add_prefix_space=True`.

This tokenizer inherits from [TokenizersBackend](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/tokenizer#transformers.TokenizersBackend) which contains most of the main methods. Users should
refer to this superclass for more information regarding those methods.

**Parameters:**

vocab_file (`str`, *optional*) : Path to the vocabulary file.

merges_file (`str`, *optional*) : Path to the merges file.

tokenizer_file (`str`, *optional*) : Path to a tokenizers JSON file containing the serialization of a tokenizer.

errors (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"replace"`) : Paradigm to follow when decoding bytes to UTF-8. See [bytes.decode](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes.decode) for more information.

unk_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) : The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.

bos_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) : The beginning of sequence token.

eos_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<|endoftext|>"`) : The end of sequence token.

pad_token (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"<|padding|>"`) : Token for padding a sequence.

add_prefix_space (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`) : Whether or not to add an initial space to the input. This allows to treat the leading word just as any other word. (GPTNeoX tokenizer detect beginning of words by the preceding space).

add_bos_token (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`) : Whether or not to add a `bos_token` at the start of sequences.

add_eos_token (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`) : Whether or not to add an `eos_token` at the end of sequences.

trim_offsets (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`) : Whether or not the post-processing step should trim offsets to avoid including whitespaces.

vocab (`str` or `dict[str, int]`, *optional*) : Custom vocabulary dictionary. If not provided, vocabulary is loaded from `vocab_file`.

merges (`str` or `list[str]`, *optional*) : Custom merges list. If not provided, merges are loaded from `merges_file`.

## GPTNeoXModel[[transformers.GPTNeoXModel]]

#### transformers.GPTNeoXModel[[transformers.GPTNeoXModel]]

[Source](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L313)

The bare Gpt Neox Model outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
and behavior.

forwardtransformers.GPTNeoXModel.forwardhttps://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L328[{"name": "input_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "attention_mask", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "position_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "inputs_embeds", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "past_key_values", "val": ": transformers.cache_utils.Cache | None = None"}, {"name": "use_cache", "val": ": bool | None = None"}, {"name": "**kwargs", "val": ": typing_extensions.Unpack[transformers.utils.generic.TransformersKwargs]"}]- **input_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default.

  Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.encode) and
  [PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.__call__) for details.

  [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
- **attention_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

  - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
  - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

  [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
- **position_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`.

  [What are position IDs?](../glossary#position-ids)
- **inputs_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*) --
  Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
  is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
  model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
- **past_key_values** (`~cache_utils.Cache`, *optional*) --
  Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention
  blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values`
  returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Only [Cache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.Cache) instance is allowed as input, see our [kv cache guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/kv_cache).
  If no `past_key_values` are passed, [DynamicCache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.DynamicCache) will be initialized by default.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user is expected to input only unprocessed `input_ids` (those that don't
  have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, unprocessed_length)` instead of all `input_ids`
  of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
- **use_cache** (`bool`, *optional*) --
  If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
  `past_key_values`).0[BaseModelOutputWithPast](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`A [BaseModelOutputWithPast](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast) or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.
The [GPTNeoXModel](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXModel) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module`
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while
the latter silently ignores them.

- **last_hidden_state** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`) -- Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

  If `past_key_values` is used only the last hidden-state of the sequences of shape `(batch_size, 1,
  hidden_size)` is output.
- **past_key_values** (`Cache`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) -- It is a [Cache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.Cache) instance. For more details, see our [kv cache guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/kv_cache).

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and optionally if
  `config.is_encoder_decoder=True` in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used (see `past_key_values`
  input) to speed up sequential decoding.
- **hidden_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
  one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
- **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length,
  sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
  heads.

**Parameters:**

config ([GPTNeoXModel](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXModel)) : Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from_pretrained()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

**Returns:**

`[BaseModelOutputWithPast](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)``

A [BaseModelOutputWithPast](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast) or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.

## GPTNeoXForCausalLM[[transformers.GPTNeoXForCausalLM]]

#### transformers.GPTNeoXForCausalLM[[transformers.GPTNeoXForCausalLM]]

[Source](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L395)

GPTNeoX Model with a `language modeling` head on top for CLM fine-tuning.

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
and behavior.

forwardtransformers.GPTNeoXForCausalLM.forwardhttps://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L415[{"name": "input_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "attention_mask", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "position_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "inputs_embeds", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "past_key_values", "val": ": transformers.cache_utils.Cache | None = None"}, {"name": "labels", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "use_cache", "val": ": bool | None = None"}, {"name": "logits_to_keep", "val": ": int | torch.Tensor = 0"}, {"name": "**kwargs", "val": ": typing_extensions.Unpack[transformers.utils.generic.TransformersKwargs]"}]- **input_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default.

  Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.encode) and
  [PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.__call__) for details.

  [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
- **attention_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

  - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
  - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

  [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
- **position_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`.

  [What are position IDs?](../glossary#position-ids)
- **inputs_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*) --
  Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
  is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
  model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
- **past_key_values** (`~cache_utils.Cache`, *optional*) --
  Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention
  blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values`
  returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Only [Cache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.Cache) instance is allowed as input, see our [kv cache guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/kv_cache).
  If no `past_key_values` are passed, [DynamicCache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.DynamicCache) will be initialized by default.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user is expected to input only unprocessed `input_ids` (those that don't
  have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, unprocessed_length)` instead of all `input_ids`
  of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
- **labels** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Labels for computing the left-to-right language modeling loss (next word prediction). Indices should be in
  `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` (see `input_ids` docstring) Tokens with indices set to `-100` are
  ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels n `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`.
- **use_cache** (`bool`, *optional*) --
  If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
  `past_key_values`).
- **logits_to_keep** (`Union[int, torch.Tensor]`, *optional*, defaults to `0`) --
  If an `int`, compute logits for the last `logits_to_keep` tokens. If `0`, calculate logits for all
  `input_ids` (special case). Only last token logits are needed for generation, and calculating them only for that
  token can save memory, which becomes pretty significant for long sequences or large vocabulary size.
  If a `torch.Tensor`, must be 1D corresponding to the indices to keep in the sequence length dimension.
  This is useful when using packed tensor format (single dimension for batch and sequence length).0[CausalLMOutputWithPast](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`A [CausalLMOutputWithPast](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast) or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.
The [GPTNeoXForCausalLM](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXForCausalLM) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module`
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while
the latter silently ignores them.

- **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `labels` is provided) -- Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).
- **logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`) -- Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
- **past_key_values** (`Cache`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) -- It is a [Cache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.Cache) instance. For more details, see our [kv cache guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/kv_cache).

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks) that can be used (see
  `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.
- **hidden_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
  one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
- **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length,
  sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
  heads.

Example:

```python
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPTNeoXForCausalLM, GPTNeoXConfig
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")
>>> config = GPTNeoXConfig.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")
>>> config.is_decoder = True
>>> model = GPTNeoXForCausalLM.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b", config=config)

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> prediction_logits = outputs.logits
```

**Parameters:**

config ([GPTNeoXForCausalLM](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXForCausalLM)) : Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from_pretrained()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

**Returns:**

`[CausalLMOutputWithPast](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)``

A [CausalLMOutputWithPast](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast) or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.

## GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering[[transformers.GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering]]

#### transformers.GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering[[transformers.GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering]]

[Source](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L627)

The Gpt Neox transformer with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like
SQuAD (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output to compute `span start logits` and `span end logits`).

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
and behavior.

forwardtransformers.GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering.forwardhttps://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L637[{"name": "input_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "attention_mask", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "token_type_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "position_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "inputs_embeds", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "start_positions", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "end_positions", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "**kwargs", "val": ""}]- **input_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default.

  Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.encode) and
  [PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.__call__) for details.

  [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
- **attention_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

  - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
  - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

  [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
- **token_type_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

  - 0 corresponds to a *sentence A* token,
  - 1 corresponds to a *sentence B* token.

  [What are token type IDs?](../glossary#token-type-ids)
- **position_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`.

  [What are position IDs?](../glossary#position-ids)
- **inputs_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*) --
  Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
  is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
  model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
- **start_positions** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*) --
  Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
  Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence
  are not taken into account for computing the loss.
- **end_positions** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*) --
  Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
  Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence
  are not taken into account for computing the loss.0[QuestionAnsweringModelOutput](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`A [QuestionAnsweringModelOutput](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput) or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.
The [GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module`
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while
the latter silently ignores them.

- **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `labels` is provided) -- Total span extraction loss is the sum of a Cross-Entropy for the start and end positions.
- **start_logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) -- Span-start scores (before SoftMax).
- **end_logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`) -- Span-end scores (before SoftMax).
- **hidden_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
  one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
- **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length,
  sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
  heads.

Example:

```python
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")
>>> model = GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")

>>> question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"

>>> inputs = tokenizer(question, text, return_tensors="pt")
>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> answer_start_index = outputs.start_logits.argmax()
>>> answer_end_index = outputs.end_logits.argmax()

>>> predict_answer_tokens = inputs.input_ids[0, answer_start_index : answer_end_index + 1]
>>> tokenizer.decode(predict_answer_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
...

>>> # target is "nice puppet"
>>> target_start_index = torch.tensor([14])
>>> target_end_index = torch.tensor([15])

>>> outputs = model(**inputs, start_positions=target_start_index, end_positions=target_end_index)
>>> loss = outputs.loss
>>> round(loss.item(), 2)
...
```

**Parameters:**

config ([GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXForQuestionAnswering)) : Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from_pretrained()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

**Returns:**

`[QuestionAnsweringModelOutput](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)``

A [QuestionAnsweringModelOutput](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput) or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.

## GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification[[transformers.GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification]]

#### transformers.GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification[[transformers.GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification]]

[Source](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L493)

The GPTNeoX Model transformer with a sequence classification head on top (linear layer).

[GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification) uses the last token in order to do the classification, as other causal models
(e.g. GPT-1) do.

Since it does classification on the last token, it requires to know the position of the last token. If a
`pad_token_id` is defined in the configuration, it finds the last token that is not a padding token in each row. If
no `pad_token_id` is defined, it simply takes the last value in each row of the batch. Since it cannot guess the
padding tokens when `inputs_embeds` are passed instead of `input_ids`, it does the same (take the last value in
each row of the batch).

This model inherits from [PreTrainedModel](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel). Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
and behavior.

forwardtransformers.GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification.forwardhttps://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L503[{"name": "input_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "attention_mask", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "position_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "inputs_embeds", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "past_key_values", "val": ": transformers.cache_utils.Cache | None = None"}, {"name": "labels", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "use_cache", "val": ": bool | None = None"}, {"name": "**kwargs", "val": ""}]- **input_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default.

  Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.encode) and
  [PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.__call__) for details.

  [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
- **attention_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

  - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
  - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

  [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
- **position_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`.

  [What are position IDs?](../glossary#position-ids)
- **inputs_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*) --
  Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
  is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
  model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
- **past_key_values** (`~cache_utils.Cache`, *optional*) --
  Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention
  blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values`
  returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Only [Cache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.Cache) instance is allowed as input, see our [kv cache guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/kv_cache).
  If no `past_key_values` are passed, [DynamicCache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.DynamicCache) will be initialized by default.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user is expected to input only unprocessed `input_ids` (those that don't
  have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, unprocessed_length)` instead of all `input_ids`
  of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
- **labels** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*) --
  Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
  config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
  `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
- **use_cache** (`bool`, *optional*) --
  If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
  `past_key_values`).0`SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`A `SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast` or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.
The [GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module`
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while
the latter silently ignores them.

- **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `labels` is provided) -- Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.
- **logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, config.num_labels)`) -- Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).
- **past_key_values** (`Cache`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed or when `config.use_cache=True`) -- It is a [Cache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.Cache) instance. For more details, see our [kv cache guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/kv_cache).

  Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks) that can be used (see
  `past_key_values` input) to speed up sequential decoding.
- **hidden_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
  one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
- **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length,
  sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
  heads.

Example of single-label classification:

```python
>>> import torch
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")
>>> model = GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_class_id = logits.argmax().item()
>>> model.config.id2label[predicted_class_id]
...

>>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
>>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
>>> model = GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b", num_labels=num_labels)

>>> labels = torch.tensor([1])
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
>>> round(loss.item(), 2)
...
```

Example of multi-label classification:

```python
>>> import torch
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")
>>> model = GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b", problem_type="multi_label_classification")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_class_ids = torch.arange(0, logits.shape[-1])[torch.sigmoid(logits).squeeze(dim=0) > 0.5]

>>> # To train a model on `num_labels` classes, you can pass `num_labels=num_labels` to `.from_pretrained(...)`
>>> num_labels = len(model.config.id2label)
>>> model = GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
...     "EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b", num_labels=num_labels, problem_type="multi_label_classification"
... )

>>> labels = torch.sum(
...     torch.nn.functional.one_hot(predicted_class_ids[None, :].clone(), num_classes=num_labels), dim=1
... ).to(torch.float)
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
```

**Parameters:**

config ([GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXForSequenceClassification)) : Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the [from_pretrained()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/model#transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained) method to load the model weights.

**Returns:**

``SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast` or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)``

A `SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast` or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.

## GPTNeoXForTokenClassification[[transformers.GPTNeoXForTokenClassification]]

#### transformers.GPTNeoXForTokenClassification[[transformers.GPTNeoXForTokenClassification]]

[Source](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L567)

forwardtransformers.GPTNeoXForTokenClassification.forwardhttps://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/v5.8.0/src/transformers/models/gpt_neox/modeling_gpt_neox.py#L579[{"name": "input_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "past_key_values", "val": ": transformers.cache_utils.Cache | None = None"}, {"name": "attention_mask", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "token_type_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "position_ids", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "inputs_embeds", "val": ": torch.FloatTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "labels", "val": ": torch.LongTensor | None = None"}, {"name": "use_cache", "val": ": bool | None = None"}, {"name": "**kwargs", "val": ""}]- **input_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default.

  Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.encode) and
  [PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.__call__) for details.

  [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
- **past_key_values** (`~cache_utils.Cache`, *optional*) --
  Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention
  blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values`
  returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

  Only [Cache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.Cache) instance is allowed as input, see our [kv cache guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/kv_cache).
  If no `past_key_values` are passed, [DynamicCache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.DynamicCache) will be initialized by default.

  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input.

  If `past_key_values` are used, the user is expected to input only unprocessed `input_ids` (those that don't
  have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, unprocessed_length)` instead of all `input_ids`
  of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
- **attention_mask** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

  - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
  - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

  [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
- **token_type_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:

  - 0 corresponds to a *sentence A* token,
  - 1 corresponds to a *sentence B* token.

  [What are token type IDs?](../glossary#token-type-ids)
- **position_ids** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`.

  [What are position IDs?](../glossary#position-ids)
- **inputs_embeds** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*) --
  Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
  is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
  model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
- **labels** (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) --
  Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
  config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
  `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
- **use_cache** (`bool`, *optional*) --
  If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
  `past_key_values`).0[TokenClassifierOutput](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`A [TokenClassifierOutput](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput) or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.
The [GPTNeoXForTokenClassification](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXForTokenClassification) forward method, overrides the `__call__` special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the `Module`
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while
the latter silently ignores them.

- **loss** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(1,)`, *optional*, returned when `labels` is provided) -- Classification loss.
- **logits** (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, config.num_labels)`) -- Classification scores (before SoftMax).
- **hidden_states** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, +
  one for the output of each layer) of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

  Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
- **attentions** (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed or when `config.output_attentions=True`) -- Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length,
  sequence_length)`.

  Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
  heads.

Example:

```python
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPTNeoXForTokenClassification
>>> import torch

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")
>>> model = GPTNeoXForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-neox-20b")

>>> inputs = tokenizer(
...     "HuggingFace is a company based in Paris and New York", add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="pt"
... )

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> predicted_token_class_ids = logits.argmax(-1)

>>> # Note that tokens are classified rather then input words which means that
>>> # there might be more predicted token classes than words.
>>> # Multiple token classes might account for the same word
>>> predicted_tokens_classes = [model.config.id2label[t.item()] for t in predicted_token_class_ids[0]]
>>> predicted_tokens_classes
...

>>> labels = predicted_token_class_ids
>>> loss = model(**inputs, labels=labels).loss
>>> round(loss.item(), 2)
...
```

**Parameters:**

input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) : Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default.  Indices can be obtained using [AutoTokenizer](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoTokenizer). See [PreTrainedTokenizer.encode()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.encode) and [PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__()](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.__call__) for details.  [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)

past_key_values (`~cache_utils.Cache`, *optional*) : Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values` returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.  Only [Cache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.Cache) instance is allowed as input, see our [kv cache guide](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/kv_cache). If no `past_key_values` are passed, [DynamicCache](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/internal/generation_utils#transformers.DynamicCache) will be initialized by default.  The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input.  If `past_key_values` are used, the user is expected to input only unprocessed `input_ids` (those that don't have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, unprocessed_length)` instead of all `input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.

attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) : Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:  - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**, - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.  [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)

token_type_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) : Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in `[0, 1]`:  - 0 corresponds to a *sentence A* token, - 1 corresponds to a *sentence B* token.  [What are token type IDs?](../glossary#token-type-ids)

position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) : Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0, config.n_positions - 1]`.  [What are position IDs?](../glossary#position-ids)

inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*) : Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model's internal embedding lookup matrix.

labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*) : Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

use_cache (`bool`, *optional*) : If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).

**Returns:**

`[TokenClassifierOutput](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput) or `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)``

A [TokenClassifierOutput](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/main_classes/output#transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput) or a tuple of
`torch.FloatTensor` (if `return_dict=False` is passed or when `config.return_dict=False`) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration ([GPTNeoXConfig](/docs/transformers/v5.8.0/en/model_doc/gpt_neox#transformers.GPTNeoXConfig)) and inputs.