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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    ArrowInvalid
Message:      JSON parse error: The document is empty.
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 342, in _generate_tables
                  df = pandas_read_json(f)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 38, in pandas_read_json
                  return pd.read_json(path_or_buf, **kwargs)
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
                  return json_reader.read()
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1014, in read
                  obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1040, in _get_object_parser
                  obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1176, in parse
                  self._parse()
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1391, in _parse
                  self.obj = DataFrame(
                             ~~~~~~~~~^
                      ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py", line 782, in __init__
                  mgr = dict_to_mgr(data, index, columns, dtype=dtype, copy=copy, typ=manager)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/core/internals/construction.py", line 503, in dict_to_mgr
                  return arrays_to_mgr(arrays, columns, index, dtype=dtype, typ=typ, consolidate=copy)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/core/internals/construction.py", line 114, in arrays_to_mgr
                  index = _extract_index(arrays)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pandas/core/internals/construction.py", line 677, in _extract_index
                  raise ValueError("All arrays must be of the same length")
              ValueError: All arrays must be of the same length
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1835, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 621, in wrapped
                  for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
                              ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 345, in _generate_tables
                  raise e
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 291, in _generate_tables
                  pa_table = paj.read_json(
                      io.BytesIO(batch), read_options=paj.ReadOptions(block_size=block_size)
                  )
                File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 364, in pyarrow._json.read_json
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                  return check_status(status)
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
                  raise convert_status(status)
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: The document is empty.
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1379, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 956, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1702, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1887, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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name
string
year
int64
seed
int64
items
int64
items_per_site
int64
max_context
int64
context_lengths
list
items_file
string
embedding_root
string
context_rule
string
pixel_index
string
array_layout
dict
sites
list
validation
2,025
20,260,926
50,000
5,000
12
[ 3, 5, 9, 12 ]
val_config_items.npz
/maps/jl2692/forecast_benchmark/olmoearth_nano_s1_rtc_2024_2025_patch5
12 random distinct earlier 2025 scenes sorted oldest->newest; length-k context = last k of them (nested), so every k shares the same pixel and target date
row-major index into the site's embedding grid (row * width + col); pixel centre = affine(transform) * (col + .5, row + .5) in grid crs
{ "site": "index into 'sites'", "pixel": "int32", "target": "index into that site's 2025 'scenes'", "context": "int16 [N, 12] indices into the same scene list, ascending" }
[ { "id": "biome_022_central_chile", "group": "mediterranean", "grid": { "width": 200, "height": 200, "crs": "EPSG:32719", "transform": [ 50, 0, 305780, 0, -50, 6235400 ] }, "scenes": [ { "path": "biome_022...

E²Forecast data

Benchmarks for Forecasting Earth Surface Change in Embedding Space. Code: https://github.com/ucam-eo/e2forecast. Checkpoints: https://huggingface.co/JingtaoLi/E2Forecast.

S1_Embed

OLMoEarth-nano (patch 5, 128-D) embeddings of every descending Sentinel-1 RTC acquisition in 2024–2025, at 100 sites (biome and urban), each a 200 × 200 grid.

  • embeddings/<site>/<year>/<timestamp>_..._128d.tif: one 128-band GeoTIFF per scene; embeddings/embedding_manifest.json lists every scene.
  • config/split.json: training sites. Training uses 2024 only.
  • config/{val,test}_config.json + *_items.npz: fixed 2025 evaluation items. Each item is a site, a pixel, a target scene and 12 earlier scenes; the test set has 50 sites × 20,000 items.

S2_Embed

PASTIS Sentinel-2 L2A patches embedded per date with Prithvi-EO-2.0-300M: a 1024-D token per 16 × 16 px, 8 × 8 tokens per patch.

  • embeddings_prithvi_eo_2_300M/S2_<ID_PATCH>.npy: float16, shape (T, 8, 8, 1024), dates in chronological order.
  • benchmark_config/: config.json (context length 37), the patch split 1461 / 486 / 486, and the fixed {val,test}_samples.npz. Each sample is a patch, a token, a target date and 37 earlier dates; the paper reports the first 100,000 test samples.
  • PASTIS/metadata.geojson: acquisition dates and patch footprints from PASTIS (Garnot & Landrieu, 2021).

INR

satclip_s2_100k/satclip_embeddings_location_{000493..000542}.tar: webdataset shards of the S2-100K images. Each sample holds .npy, the 256-D SatCLIP embedding, and .txt, "lon,lat,...".

The GSA data is not included.

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