Datasets:
text string | target_start int64 | target_end int64 | surface string | lemma string | category string | gold_kind string | label int64 | clause_id string | flipped bool | is_hard bool | doc_id string | source string | license string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ๅพกๆๅฐใใ ใใๆนใซๆ่ฌใใใ | 3 | 7 | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-034 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๅพกๆๅฐไธใใๆนใซๆ่ฌใใใ | 3 | 6 | ไธใใ | ใใ ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-034 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
่ชฟๆปใ้ฒใใฆใใใจใใใงใใใ | 8 | 11 | ใจใใ | ใจใใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-012 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
่ชฟๆปใ้ฒใใฆใใๆใงใใใ | 8 | 9 | ๆ | ใจใใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-012 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆฎต้็ใซๆดๅใ้ฒใใฆใใใ | 10 | 12 | ใใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-042 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๆฎต้็ใซๆดๅใ้ฒใใฆ่กใใ | 10 | 12 | ่กใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-042 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๅ ฑๅๆธใซใฏไบใฎๆฌก็ฌฌใ่จ่ผใใใ | 5 | 6 | ไบ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | false | true | seed-005 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๅ ฑๅๆธใซใฏใใจใฎๆฌก็ฌฌใ่จ่ผใใใ | 5 | 7 | ใใจ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | true | true | seed-005 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๅฏใใๅขใใฆใใใ | 6 | 8 | ใใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-044 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๅฏใใๅขใใฆๆฅใใ | 6 | 8 | ๆฅใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-044 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
่ท็ฉใๆฃใซ็ฝฎใใ | 5 | 7 | ็ฝฎใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-041 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
่ท็ฉใๆฃใซใใใ | 5 | 7 | ใใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-041 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ไบใฎ้ๅคงใใซ้ใฟใ้ใใใซๅฏพๅฟใใใ | 0 | 1 | ไบ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | false | true | seed-004 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ใใจใฎ้ๅคงใใซ้ใฟใ้ใใใซๅฏพๅฟใใใ | 0 | 2 | ใใจ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | true | true | seed-004 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆ
ๅฝ่
ใๆฅใใ | 4 | 6 | ๆฅใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-045 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๆ
ๅฝ่
ใใใใ | 4 | 6 | ใใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-045 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
่จๅฟตๅใ้ ใใ | 4 | 6 | ้ ใ | ใใใ ใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-029 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
่จๅฟตๅใใใใ ใใ | 4 | 8 | ใใใ ใ | ใใใ ใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-029 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
่ณ็ถใไธใใใ | 3 | 6 | ไธใใ | ใใ ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-035 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
่ณ็ถใใใ ใใใ | 3 | 7 | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-035 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๅฃใใ็ฉใๅๅใใใ | 3 | 4 | ็ฉ | ใใฎ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | false | true | seed-046 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๅฃใใใใฎใๅๅใใใ | 3 | 5 | ใใฎ | ใใฎ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | true | true | seed-046 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆธ้กใๆบใซ็ฝฎใใฆใใใ | 5 | 7 | ็ฝฎใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-040 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๆธ้กใๆบใซ็ฝฎใใฆใใใ | 8 | 10 | ใใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-040 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๆธ้กใๆบใซใใใฆใใใ | 5 | 7 | ใใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-040 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆธ้กใๆบใซ็ฝฎใใฆ็ฝฎใใ | 8 | 10 | ็ฝฎใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-040 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
่ณๆใไธใใใ | 3 | 6 | ไธใใ | ใใ ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-033 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
่ณๆใใใ ใใใ | 3 | 7 | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-033 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
็พๅฐใฎ็ถๆณใ่ฆใใ | 6 | 8 | ่ฆใ | ใฟใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-038 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
็พๅฐใฎ็ถๆณใใฟใใ | 6 | 8 | ใฟใ | ใฟใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-038 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆใ็งปใใๆช็ฝฎใ่ฌใใใ | 0 | 1 | ๆ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | false | true | seed-010 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ใจใใ็งปใใๆช็ฝฎใ่ฌใใใ | 0 | 2 | ใจใ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | true | true | seed-010 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
็ฅใใฎๅใ้ ใใใ | 5 | 7 | ้ ใ | ใใใ ใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-030 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
็ฅใใฎๅใใใใ ใใใ | 5 | 9 | ใใใ ใ | ใใใ ใ | aux_verb | kanji | 1 | C-HONDOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-030 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๅพก็ขบ่ชใใใ ใใใใ้กใใใใ | 3 | 7 | ใใใ ใ | ใใใ ใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-027 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๅพก็ขบ่ช้ ใใใใ้กใใใใ | 3 | 5 | ้ ใ | ใใใ ใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-027 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
็ขบ่ชใฎใใๆธ้กใๆทปไปใใใ | 3 | 5 | ใใ | ใใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | false | seed-026 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ไธๆฅใฎใใกใซๅ็ญใใใ | 3 | 5 | ใใก | ใใก | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | false | seed-023 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ไธๆฅใฎๅ
ใซๅ็ญใใใ | 3 | 4 | ๅ
| ใใก | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | false | seed-023 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ไธๅบฆๆค่จใใฆใฟใใ | 6 | 8 | ใฟใ | ใฟใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-036 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ไธๅบฆๆค่จใใฆ่ฆใใ | 6 | 8 | ่ฆใ | ใฟใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-036 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
็ฝๅฎณใ่ตทใใฃใใจใใซๅใใใ | 7 | 9 | ใจใ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-008 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
็ฝๅฎณใ่ตทใใฃใๆใซๅใใใ | 7 | 8 | ๆ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-008 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
่ณๆใไบๅใซ้
ๅธใใฆใใใ | 10 | 12 | ใใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-039 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
่ณๆใไบๅใซ้
ๅธใใฆ็ฝฎใใ | 10 | 12 | ็ฝฎใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-039 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๅฟ
่ฆใชใใฎใๆบๅใใฆใใใ | 3 | 5 | ใใฎ | ใใฎ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-017 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๅฟ
่ฆใชใใฎใๆบๅใใฆใใใ | 10 | 12 | ใใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-017 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๅฟ
่ฆใช็ฉใๆบๅใใฆใใใ | 3 | 4 | ็ฉ | ใใฎ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-017 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๅฟ
่ฆใชใใฎใๆบๅใใฆ็ฝฎใใ | 10 | 12 | ็ฝฎใ | ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-017 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆญฃใใใใฎใจ่ชใใใใใ | 3 | 5 | ใใฎ | ใใฎ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-016 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๆญฃใใ็ฉใจ่ชใใใใใ | 3 | 4 | ็ฉ | ใใฎ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-016 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆใๅคงๅใซใใใ | 0 | 1 | ๆ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | false | true | seed-048 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ใจใใๅคงๅใซใใใ | 0 | 2 | ใจใ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | true | true | seed-048 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
็ณ่ซใ่กใใจใใฎๆๆฐๆใๅฎใใใ | 5 | 7 | ใจใ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-007 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
็ณ่ซใ่กใๆใฎๆๆฐๆใๅฎใใใ | 5 | 6 | ๆ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-007 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
่ฉณ็ดฐใฏๆ
ๅฝใพใงๅพก้ฃ็ตกใใ ใใใ | 10 | 14 | ใใ ใใ | ใใ ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | false | true | seed-032 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
่ฉณ็ดฐใฏๆ
ๅฝใพใงๅพก้ฃ็ตกไธใใใ | 10 | 13 | ไธใใ | ใใ ใใ | aux_verb | kana | 0 | C-HOJODOUSHI-1 | true | true | seed-032 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
็พๅจใฎใจใใๆฏ้ใฏ็ใใฆใใชใใ | 3 | 6 | ใจใใ | ใจใใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-011 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
็พๅจใฎๆๆฏ้ใฏ็ใใฆใใชใใ | 3 | 4 | ๆ | ใจใใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-011 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆๅบใใใๆธ้กใซไธๅใใชใใใจใ็ขบ่ชใใใ | 13 | 15 | ใใจ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-001 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๆๅบใใใๆธ้กใซไธๅใใชใไบใ็ขบ่ชใใใ | 13 | 14 | ไบ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-001 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆฌกใฎใจใใๅฎๆฝใใใ | 2 | 5 | ใจใใ | ใจใใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | false | seed-024 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๆฌกใฎ้ใๅฎๆฝใใใ | 2 | 4 | ้ใ | ใจใใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | false | seed-024 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๅงๅกไผใงไบใฎๆฏ้ใ่ซใใใ | 4 | 5 | ไบ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | false | true | seed-003 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๅงๅกไผใงใใจใฎๆฏ้ใ่ซใใใ | 4 | 6 | ใใจ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | true | true | seed-003 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ไบๆ
ใ็บ็ใใใจใใฏ็ดใกใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใ | 7 | 9 | ใจใ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-006 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ไบๆ
ใ็บ็ใใๆใฏ็ดใกใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใ | 7 | 8 | ๆ | ใจใ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-006 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ไผๅ ดใจใชใๆใไธ่ฆใใใ | 5 | 6 | ๆ | ใจใใ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | false | true | seed-047 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ไผๅ ดใจใชใใจใใใไธ่ฆใใใ | 5 | 8 | ใจใใ | ใจใใ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | true | true | seed-047 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
้ใ็ฉใ้ๆฌใใ้ใฏๆณจๆใใใ | 2 | 3 | ็ฉ | ใใฎ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | false | true | seed-019 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
้ใใใฎใ้ๆฌใใ้ใฏๆณจๆใใใ | 2 | 4 | ใใฎ | ใใฎ | formal_noun | kanji | 1 | C-JISHITSU-1 | true | true | seed-019 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
็ณ่ซใฎๅ
ๅฎนใซใคใใฆ็ขบ่ชใใใใจใๅฟ
่ฆใงใใใ | 13 | 15 | ใใจ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-000 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
็ณ่ซใฎๅ
ๅฎนใซใคใใฆ็ขบ่ชใใไบใๅฟ
่ฆใงใใใ | 13 | 14 | ไบ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-000 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
ๆ้ใพใงใซๆ็ถใ็ตใใใใจใๆฑใใใใใ | 11 | 13 | ใใจ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | false | true | seed-002 | synthetic-seed | CC0-1.0 |
ๆ้ใพใงใซๆ็ถใ็ตใใไบใๆฑใใใใใ | 11 | 12 | ไบ | ใใจ | formal_noun | kana | 0 | C-KEISHIKI-1 | true | true | seed-002 | synthetic-seed+flip | CC0-1.0 |
Scribe usage-judgment dataset
Span-level data for judging context-dependent kanji/kana usage in Japanese official writing.
Generated by scripts/build_dataset.py in the GitHub repo.
What the claim rests on
The center of this dataset is the hard split: occurrences of words that appear in both usages
(kana and kanji) across the corpus. Because uniform dictionary replacement collapses a word to a single
spelling, it is structurally forced to mislabel one side of this split. Accuracy here is the headline metric.
Fields
| field | description |
|---|---|
text |
the sentence |
target_start / target_end |
character offsets of the target word (half-open interval) |
surface |
surface form of the target (the wrong spelling in flipped examples) |
lemma |
canonical form (ใใจ, ใใใ ใ, โฆ) |
category |
formal_noun / aux_verb |
gold_kind |
norm-correct kind, kana / kanji (determined by context, independent of surface) |
label |
0 = kana, 1 = kanji |
clause_id |
supporting clause (C-KEISHIKI-1, โฆ) |
flipped |
whether this is a flip-generated error |
is_hard |
whether it belongs to the hard split |
doc_id |
split unit (a sentence and its flip stay in the same split) |
source / license |
provenance and terms |
How it is built
- Positives โ official-style sentences authored for this project (
SEED_SENTENCESinscribe/collect.py), annotated with each target's correct kind. Spans are derived from a morphological analyzer and cross-checked against the annotation, so offset mistakes are impossible. - Flipped errors (
scribe/flip.py) โ flip only the target to the opposite spelling, preserving position and gold label. Surface changes but context does not, so a model must learn from context rather than memorize surface. - Hard tagging (
scribe/collect.py:mark_hard) โ mark occurrences of words that appear in both usages. - Split โ by
doc_idinto train/validation/test (no flip leakage).hardis a separate diagnostic split that cross-cuts the others (it overlaps train), so evaluate generalization ontestand usehardas a diagnostic.
License and redistribution
- All bundled data is synthetic seed text (CC0-1.0); no body text of government documents is included.
- For real-corpus training, see
DocumentSource/KNOWN_SOURCESinscribe/collect.pyand re-confirm each source's terms at fetch time. Non-redistributable sources are used for local training only, never stored. Provenance and terms are recorded insources.json.
Sources of the norm
- "Considerations for Creating Official Documents" (Council for Cultural Affairs recommendation, 7 Jan 2022)
- Cabinet Directive No. 1 of 2010 on kanji use in official documents โ the operative lists of words written in kana / kanji
- "Rules for Okurigana" (Cabinet Notification) and the "List of Jลyล Kanji" (Cabinet Notification No. 2)
This dataset carries mappings to clause numbers but does not reproduce the normative text verbatim.
Limitations
- The seed sentences are a small, controlled set and do not represent the distribution of natural text.
- The monitored vocabulary is limited to
data/norms/lexicon.json(representative formal nouns and auxiliary verbs).
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