file stringclasses 11
values | source stringclasses 1
value | topic stringclasses 11
values | section stringlengths 1 430 | text stringlengths 0 49.5k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Age-related assessment findings, and developmental stage-related assessment and treatment modifications for pediatric-specific major diseases and/or emergencies | Upper airway obstruction
Lower airway reactive disease
Respiratory distress/failure/arrest
Shock |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Age-related assessment findings, and developmental stage-related assessment and treatment modifications for pediatric-specific major diseases and/or emergencies (cont’d) | Seizures
Sudden infant death syndrome
Gastrointestinal disease |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Trauma | Applies fundamental knowledge to provide basic emergency care and transportation on assessment findings for an acutely injured patient. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Special Considerations in Trauma | Recognition and management of trauma in
Pediatric patient |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | National EMS Education Standard Competencies | Pathophysiology, assessment, and management of trauma in the
Pediatric patient |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Introduction | Children differ anatomically, physically, and emotionally from adults.
Illnesses and injuries that children sustain, and their responses to them, vary based on age or developmental level.
Important to remember that children are not small adults
Fear of EMS providers and pain can make the child difficult to assess. Onc... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Communication With the Patient and the Family When caring for a pediatric patient, you must care for parents or caregivers as well. | A calm parent usually results in a calm child.
Remain calm, efficient, professional, and sensitive. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Growth and Development Many physical and emotional changes occur during childhood (birth to age 18). | Stages of thoughts and behaviors:
Infancy: first year of life
Toddler: 1 to 3 years
Preschool-age: 3 to 6 years
School-age: 6 to 12 years
Adolescent: 12 to 18 years |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Infant | Infancy is defined as first year of life.
First month after birth is neonatal or newborn period.
0 to 2 months
Spend most time sleeping and eating
Respond mainly to physical stimuli
Cannot tell the difference between parents and strangers
Crying is one of the main modes of expression. 0 to 2 months (cont’d)
An inconsol... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Toddler | After infancy until 3 years of age
Experience rapid changes in growth and development
12 to 18 months
Explorers by nature and not afraid
They lack molars and may not be able to chew food fully increasing the risk of choking. Assessment
May have stranger anxiety
May resist separation from caregiver
May have a hard time ... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Preschool-Age Child | Ages 3 to 6 years
Have a rich imagination and can be fearful about pain
May believe injury is a result of earlier bad behavior
Foreign body aspiration airway obstruction continues to be a high risk. Assessment
Can understand directions and be specific in describing painful areas
Much history must still be obtained fro... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | School-Age Years | 6 to 12 years
Beginning to act more like adults
Can think in concrete terms
Can respond sensibly to questions
Can help take care of themselves
School is important.
Children begin to understand death. Assessment
Assessment begins to be more like adults.
To help gain trust, talk to the child, not just the caregiver.
Sta... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Adolescents | 13 to 18 years
Physically similar to adults
Puberty begins.
Concerned about body image and appearance
Strong feelings about privacy
Time of experimentation and risk-taking
Often feel “indestructible”
Struggle with independence, loss of control, body image, sexuality, and peer pressure Assessment
Can often understand c... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Anatomy and Physiology Body is growing and changing very rapidly during childhood. | You must understand the physical differences between children and adults and alter your patient care accordingly. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Respiratory System | Anatomy of airway differs from adult’s.
Pediatric airway is smaller in diameter and shorter in length.
Lungs are smaller.
Heart is higher in child’s chest. FIGURE 35-9 The anatomy of a child’s airway differs from
that of an adult in several ways. The back of the head is
larger in a child. The tongue is proportionately ... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Circulatory System | Important to know normal pulse ranges
Infants heart can beat 160 beats/min or more.
Children are able to compensate for decreased perfusion by constricting the vessels in the skin.
Signs of vasoconstriction include pallor (early sign), weak distal pulses in the extremities, delayed capillary refill, and cool hands or ... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Nervous System | Pediatric nervous system is immature, underdeveloped, and not well protected.
Head-to-body ratio is larger.
Occipital region of head is larger.
Subarachnoid space is relatively smaller, leaving less cushioning for brain.
Brain tissue and cerebral vasculature are fragile and prone to bleeding from shearing forces. Pedia... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Gastrointestinal System Abdominal muscles are less developed. | Less protection from trauma
Liver, spleen, and kidneys are proportionally larger and situated more anteriorly and close to one another.
Prone to bleeding and injury
There is a higher risk for multiple organ injury. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Musculoskeletal System | Open growth plates allow bones to grow.
As a result of growth plates, children’s bones are softer and more flexible, making them prone to stress fracture.
Bone length discrepancies can occur if injury to growth plate occurs.
Immobilize all strains and sprains. Bones of an infant’s head are flexible and soft.
Soft spots... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | The Integumentary System Pediatric system differs in a few ways: | Thinner skin and less subcutaneous fat
Composition of skin is thinner and tends to burn more deeply and easily with less exposure.
Higher ratio of body surface area to body mass leads to larger fluid and heat losses. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Scene Size-up | Assessment begins at time of dispatch.
Prepare mentally for approaching and treating an infant or child.
Plan for pediatric size-up, equipment, and age-appropriate physical assessment.
Collect age and gender of child, location of scene, NOI or MOI and chief complaint from dispatch. Scene safety
Ensure proper safety pre... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Form a general impression. | Use pediatric assessment triangle (PAT).
Does not require you to touch the patient
Can be performed in less than 30 seconds FIGURE 35-10 The three components of the pediatric
assessment triangle (PAT) include appearance, work of
breathing, and circulation to the skin. Used with permission of American Academy of Pediat... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | History Taking | Approach to history depends on age of patient.
History information for an infant, toddler, or preschool-age child will be obtained from caregiver.
Adolescent information is obtained from patient.
Questioning the parents or child about the immediate illness or injury should be based on the child’s chief complaint. Quest... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Physical examinations | Secondary assessment of the entire body should be used when patient is unresponsive or has significant MOI.
Focused assessments should be performed on patients without life threats. Physical examinations (cont’d)
Infants, toddlers, and preschool-age children should be assessed started at the feet and ending at the head... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Reassessment | Reassess the pediatric patient’s condition as necessary.
Obtain vitals every 15 minutes if stable.
Obtain vitals every 5 minutes if unstable.
Continually monitor respiratory effort, skin color and condition, and level of consciousness or interactiveness. Interventions
Parents or caregivers may be able to assist you by ... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Respiratory Emergencies and Management | Respiratory problems are the leading cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in the pediatric population.
In the early stages, you may note changes in behavior, such as combativeness, restlessness, and anxiety. Signs and symptoms of increased work of breathing:
Nasal flaring
Abnormal breath sounds
Accessory muscle use
Tripod p... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Children can obstruct airway with any object they can fit into their mouth. | In cases of trauma, teeth may have been dislodged into the airway. FIGURE 35-22 Any number of objects can obstruct a
child’s airway, including batteries, coins, toys, buttons, and candy. © Jones & Bartlett Learning. Photographed by Kimberly Potvin. Blood, vomitus, or other secretions can cause severe airway obstructio... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | A condition in which the bronchioles become inflamed, swell, and produce excessive mucus, leading to difficulty breathing | A true emergency if not promptly identified and treated
Common causes for asthma attack include upper respiratory infection, exercise, exposure to cold air or smoke, and emotional stress. Signs and symptoms
Wheezing as patient exhales
In some cases, airway is completely blocked, and no air movement is heard.
Cyanosis ... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Leading cause of death in children | Pneumonia is a general term that refers to an infection to the lungs.
Often a secondary infection
Can also occur from chemical ingestion
Diseases causing immunodeficiency in children increase risk.
Incidence is greatest during fall and winter months. Presentation in pediatric patient
Unusual rapid breathing
Sometimes w... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | An infection of the airway below the level of the vocal cords, usually caused by a virus | Typically seen in children between ages 6 months and 3 years
Easily passed between children
Starts with a cold, cough, and a low-grade fever that develops over 2 days
Hallmark signs are stridor and a seal-bark cough. Treatment
Croup often responds well to the administration of humidified oxygen.
Bronchodilators are not... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Epiglottitis Bacterial infection of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords | Incidence decreased since development of vaccine.
Epiglottis can swell to two to three times normal size.
Children look ill, report a very sore throat, and have a high fever.
Tripod position and drooling |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Bronchiolitis | Specific viral illness of newborns and toddlers, often caused by RSV
Causes inflammation of the bronchioles
RSV is highly contagious and spread through coughing or sneezing.
Virus can survive on surfaces.
Virus tends to spread rapidly through schools and in childcare centers. More common in premature infants and result... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Caused by a bacterium spread via respiratory droplets | Less common in the United States
Signs and symptoms: coughing, sneezing, and a runny nose
Coughing becomes more severe with distinctive whoop sound during inspiration.
Infants may develop pneumonia or respiratory failure. To treat pediatric patients, keep the airway patent (open) and transport.
Pertussis is contagious,... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Devices that help to maintain the airway or assist in providing artificial ventilation, including: | Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways
Bite blocks
Bag-mask devices |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Oropharyngeal airway | Keeps tongue from blocking airway and makes suctioning easier
Should be used for pediatric patients who are unconscious and in respiratory failure
Should not be used in conscious patients or those who have a gag reflex or who may have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Nasopharyngeal airway | Usually well tolerated
Used for responsive pediatric patients
Used in association with possible respiratory failure
Rarely used in infants younger than 1 year
Should not be used if there is nasal obstruction or head trauma |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Airway Adjuncts | Nasopharyngeal airway potential problems
May become obstructed by mucus, blood, vomitus, or the soft tissues of the pharynx
May stimulate the vagus nerve and slow the heart rate, or enter the esophagus, causing gastric distention
May cause a spasm of the larynx and result in vomiting if inserted into responsive patient... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Oxygen Delivery Devices | Several options for pediatric patient
Blow-by technique at 6 L/min provides more than 21% oxygen concentration.
Nasal cannula at 1 to 6 L/min provides 24% to 44% oxygen concentration.
Nonrebreathing mask at 10 to 15 L/min provides up to 95% oxygen concentration.
Bag-mask device at 10 to 15 L/min provides nearly 100% ox... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Cardiopulmonary Arrest Cardiac arrest in pediatric patients is associated with respiratory failure and arrest. | Children are affected differently by decreasing oxygen concentration.
Children become hypoxic and their hearts slow down, becoming more bradycardic. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Develops when the circulatory system is unable to deliver a sufficient amount of blood to the organs | Results in organ failure and eventually cardiopulmonary arrest
Compensated shock is the early stage of shock.
Decompensated shock is the later stage of shock. Common causes include:
Trauma injury with blood loss
Dehydration from diarrhea or vomiting
Severe infection
Neurologic injury Common causes include: (cont’d)
Sev... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Bleeding Disorders Hemophilia is a congenital condition in which patients lack normal clotting factors. | Most forms are hereditary and severe.
Predominantly found in male population
Bleeding may occur spontaneously.
All injuries become serious because blood does not clot. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Altered Mental Status | Abnormal neurologic state
Understanding developmental changes and listening to caregiver’s opinion are key.
AEIOU-TIPPS reflects major causes of AMS. Signs and symptoms vary from simple confusion to coma.
Management focuses on ABCs and transport. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Result of disorganized electrical activity in the brain | Manifests in a variety of ways
Subtle in infants, with an abnormal gaze, sucking, and/or “bicycling” motions
More obvious in older children with repetitive muscle contractions and unresponsiveness Once seizure stops and muscles relax, it is referred to as postical state.
The longer and more intense the seizures are, th... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Inflammation of tissue that covers the spinal cord and brain | Caused by infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
Left untreated, can lead to brain damage or death
Being able to recognize a pediatric patient with meningitis is important. Individuals at greater risk
Males
Newborn infants
Compromised immune system by AIDS or cancer
History of brain, spinal cord, back surg... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Gastrointestinal Emergencies and Management | Never take a complaint of abdominal pain lightly.
Complaints of gastrointestinal origin are common in pediatric patients.
Ingestion of certain foods or unknown substance
In most cases, patient will be experiencing abdominal discomfort with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Appendicitis is also common.
If untreated, can l... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Poisoning Emergencies and Management | Common among children
Can occur by ingesting, inhaling, injecting, or absorbing toxic substances
Common sources
Alcohol
Aspirin and acetaminophen
Cosmetics
Household cleaning products
Houseplants Common sources (cont’d)
Iron
Prescription medications of family members
Illicit (street) drugs
Vitamins
Signs and symptoms ... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Dehydration Emergencies and Management | Occurs when fluid loss is greater than fluid intake
Vomiting and diarrhea are common causes.
Infants and children are at greater risk.
Can be mild, moderate, or severe Mild dehydration signs
Dry lips and gums, decreased saliva and wet diapers
Moderate dehydration signs
Sunken eyes, sleepiness, irritability, loose skin,... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Fever Emergencies and Management | An increase in body temperature
100.4°F (38°C) or higher is abnormal.
Rarely life threatening
Causes
Infection
Status epilepticus
Cancer
Drug ingestion (aspirin) Causes (cont’d)
Arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus (rash on nose)
High environmental temperature
Result of internal body mechanism in which heat generati... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Common between 6 months and 6 years | Caused by fever alone
Typically occur on first day of febrile illness
Characterized by tonic-clonic activity
Last less than 15 minutes with little or no postictal state
May be sign of more serious problem Assess ABCs, provide cooling measures with tepid water, and provide prompt transport.
All patients with febrile sei... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Drowning Emergencies and Management | Second-most-common cause of unintentional death among children
Principal condition is lack of oxygen.
Hypothermia from submersion in icy water
Diving increases risk of neck and spinal cord injuries. Signs and symptoms
Coughing and choking
Airway obstruction and difficulty breathing
AMS and seizure activity
Unresponsive... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Pediatric Trauma Emergencies and Management Number one killer of children in the US | Quality of care can impact recovery.
The muscles and bones of children continue to grow well into adolescence.
Fracture of the femur is rare.
Older children and adolescents are prone to long bone fractures. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Physical Differences Children are smaller than adults. | Locations of injuries may be different.
Children’s bones and soft tissues are less well developed than an adult’s.
Force of injury affects structures differently. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Psychological Differences Psychological differences | Often injured because of underdeveloped judgment and lack of experience
Always assume the child has serious head and neck injuries. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Vehicle collisions | Exact area struck depends on the child’s height and the final position of the bumper at impact.
Typically sustain high-energy injuries to the head, spine, abdomen, pelvis, or legs. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Sport injuries | Children are often injured in organized sports activities.
Head and neck injuries can occur in contact sports.
Remember to immobilize cervical spine. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Injuries to Specific Body Systems | Head injuries
Common in children because the size of the head in relation to the body
Infant has softer, thinner skull.
May result in brain injury
Scalp and facial vessels may cause great deal of blood loss if not controlled. Head injuries (cont’d)
Nausea and vomiting are common signs and symptoms of a head injury in c... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | JumpSTART triage system | Intended for patients younger than age 8 years and weighing less than 100 lb
Four triage categories
Green
Yellow
Red
Black |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | JumpSTART triage system (cont’d) | Green: minor; not in need of immediate treatment
Able to walk (except in infants)
Yellow: delayed treatment
Presence of spontaneous breathing, with peripheral pulse, responsive to painful stimuli JumpSTART triage system (cont’d)
Red: immediate response
Apnea responsive to positioning or rescue breathing; respiratory fa... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Disaster Management | FIGURE 35-39 The JumpSTART triage system © Lou Romig, MD, 2002. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Child Abuse and Neglect Any improper or excessive action that injures or otherwise harms a child | Includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional abuse
Over half a million children are victims of child abuse annually.
Many children suffer life-threatening injuries. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Signs of Abuse | Child abuse occurs in every socioeconomic status.
Be aware of patient’s surroundings.
Document findings objectively. Ask yourself the following:
Injury typical for age of child?
MOI reported consistent with the injury?
Caregiver behaving appropriately?
Evidence of drinking or drug use at scene?
Delay in seeking care fo... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Symptoms and Other Indicators of Abuse | Abused children may appear withdrawn, fearful, or hostile.
Be concerned if child does not want to discuss how an injury occurred.
Parent may reveal a history of “accidents.”
Be alert for conflicting stories or lack of concern.
Abuser may be a parent, caregiver, relative, or friend of the family. EMTs in all states must... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Children of any age and gender can be victims of sexual abuse. | Maintain an index of suspicion.
Often long-standing abuse by relatives
Assessment
Limited to determining type of dressing required
Treat bruises and fractures as well.
Do not examine genitalia unless there is evidence of bleeding or other injury. Assessment (cont’d)
Do not allow child to wash, urinate, or defecate unt... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Sudden Unexpected Infant Death | Sudden unexplained death (SUID) refers to a sudden unexpected death where the cause is not known until and investigation is conducted.
One of the causes of SUID is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which results in death that cannot be explained by any other means. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Syndrome | About 3,500 infants die of SIDS annually.
Baby should be placed on his or her back on a firm mattress, in a crib free of bumpers, blankets, and toys.
Baby should sleep in the same room, but not the same bed, chair, or sofa as an adult.
Breastfeeding and use of a pacifier may lower the risk. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | Risk factors
Mother younger than age 20 years
Mother smoked during pregnancy
Mother used alcohol or illicit drugs during pregnancy or after birth
Low birth weight
Can occur at any time of day You are faced with three tasks
Assessment of the scene
Assessment and management of patient
Communication and support of the fam... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Patient Assessment and Management | Victim of SIDS will be pale or blue, not breathing, and unresponsive.
Other causes include:
Overwhelming infection
Child abuse
Airway obstruction
Meningitis Other causes include: (cont’d)
Accidental or intentional poisoning
Hypoglycemia
Congenital metabolic defects
Begin with XABC assessment.
Provide necessary interven... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Scene Assessment Carefully inspect environment, noting condition of scene and where infant was found. | Assessment should concentrate on:
Signs of illness
General condition of the house
Signs of poor hygiene
Family interaction
Site where the infant was discovered |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Communication and Support of the Family Sudden death of an infant is devastating for a family. | Tends to evoke strong emotional responses among health care providers
Allow the family to express their grief. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Provide the family with empathy and understanding. | The family may want you to initiate resuscitation efforts, which may or may not conflict with your EMS protocols.
Introduce yourself to the child’s parents or caregivers and ask about the child’s date of birth and medical history. Do not speculate on the cause of the child’s death.
The family should be asked whether th... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Infants who are not breathing, cyanotic, and unresponsive sometimes resume breathing and color with stimulation. | Apparent life-threatening event (ALTE)
Classic ALTE is characterized by:
Distinct change in muscle tone
Choking or gagging After ALTE, child may appear healthy and show no signs of illness or distress.
Complete careful assessment and provide rapid transport to the ED.
Pay strict attention to airway management.
Assess i... |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | Brief Unresolved Unexplained Event Signs and symptoms | Brief changes in color such as pale skin or cyanosis
Choking
Absent, slow, or irregular breathing
Decreased level of consciousness
No abnormality found on assessment
Transport required for evaluation |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | neonate | a baby that is less than 1 month old. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | ductus arteriosa | a duct from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta that bypasses the non-function pulmonary system of a fetus. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | apgar score | appearance. pulse. grimace. activity. respirations. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | normal apgar score | a score between 7-10 is normal for neonates. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | apgar score of 4-6 | mild distress. stimulation and oxygenation indicated. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | apgar score < 4 | severe distress. immediate resuscitation required: ppv and/or chest compressions. do not delay resuscitative efforts to acquire apgar in the event of apnea or other obvious sign of distress. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | at a heart rate of 60 bpm, what intervention is indicated for a neonate? | chest compressions and positive pressure ventilations. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | at a heart rate of 100 bpm, what intervention is indicated for a neonate? | positive pressure ventilations |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | unless resuscitation is require, at what time are apgar scores indicated? | at 1 min and then at 5 min after birth. continue updating scores at 5-10 min intervals. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | how many veins are in the umbilical cord and what color are they? | there are 1 vein and it is red. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | how many arteries are in the umbilical cord and what color are they? | there is two arteries in the umbilical cord and it is blue. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | premature neonate | a neonate born prior to 37 weeks gestation. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | what is the most common cause of respiratory distress and cyanosis in a newborn/neonate? | prematurity of the neonate. (underdeveloped respiratory system) |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | pediatric assessment triangle | appearance. work of breathing. circulation of skin. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | appearance section (peds. assessment triangle) and ticls | tone. interactiveness. consolability. look/gaze. speech/cry.
these categories help assess a pediatric level of alertness and their verbal response to stimuli. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | work of breathing section (peds. assessment triangle) | abnormal sounds, abnormal position (i.e. sniffing position or tripod position), abnormal effort (i.e. accessory muscle use, see-saw breathing) |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | circulation to skin (peds. assessment triangle) | pallor, mottling, cyanosis. skin temperature, check pulse, capillary refill (< 5 years old). |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | respiratory rates for a neonate-infant (< 1 y/o). | 30-60 breaths/min. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | respiratory rate for toddler (1-3 y/o) | 24-40 breaths/min |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | respiratory rate for preschooler (3-5 y/o) | 24-40 breaths/min |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | respiratory rate school age (6-10 y/o) | 18-30 breaths/min |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | respiratory rate early adolescence (11-14 y/o) | 12-26 breaths/min |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | retraction (respiration) | skin and soft tissues of the chest visibly depress around ribs and above the collar bone. sign of respiratory distress or increased work of breathing. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | nasal flaring | the stretching of the nostrils, increasing diameter. normally seen on respiration. sign of respiratory distress or increased work of breathing. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | head bobbing | the lifting and tilting of the head backwards during inspiration and forward on inspiration. normally seen in young children in respiratory distress with increased work of breathing. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | grunting (respiration) | a sound made by infants in respiratory distress who are attempting to maintain his/her alveoli by creating back pressure. |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | pulse rate newborn (< 1 month) | 100-180 bpm |
pediatrics.json | knowledge | pediatrics | pulse rate infant (1-12 months) | 100-160 bpm |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.