adeshkin/google-smol-en-ru-kjh

Khakas Smol

This dataset contains the Khakas translation of SmolDoc and SmolSent, as well as the English and Russian versions of these documents. SMOL (Set for Maximal Overall Leverage) is a collection professional translations into 221 Low-Resource Languages, for the purpose of training translation models, and otherwise increasing the representations of said languages in NLP and technology.

Dataset Structure

• en: Original English text.
• ru: Translation from English into Russian.
• kjh: Translation from Russian into Khakas.

Dataset Sources

• Original dataset: google/smol.
• The Russian version ru is taken from "Translation АНИСИМОВ" from Agisight/google-smol-en-ru.

Translation Process

The SmolDoc and SmolSent texts were translated from Russian into Khakas by the staff of the Khakas Research Institute for Language, Literature and History (KhRILLH) in 2025 and 2026. After the translation, the texts were proofread twice by different editors. Irina Maksimovna Chebochakova, a highly qualified specialist in Russian-Khakas translation, was responsible for the final version.

Contributors

Project Lead & Developer: Adeshkin Vasily Ivanovich, Researcher at KhRILLH, graduate of MIPT

Project Coordinator: Mainagasheva Nina Semyonovna, Director of KhRILLH, Candidate of Philological Sciences

Lead Translator & Editor-in-Chief: Chebochakova Irina Maksimovna, Head of the Language Sector of KhRILLH, Candidate of Philological Sciences

• Translators:
  1. Abdina Raisa Petrovna, Senior Researcher at KhRILLH, Candidate of Philological Sciences
  2. Abumova Olga Dmitrievna, Senior Researcher at KhRILLH, Candidate of Philological Sciences
  3. Adeshkin Vasily Ivanovich, Researcher at KhRILLH, graduate of MIPT
  4. Kirginekov Roman Gennadievich, Researcher at KhRILLH
  5. Kicheeva Kristina Vladimirovna, Researcher at KhRILLH
  6. Kyzlasov Artyom Samuilovich, Leading Researcher at KhRILLH, Candidate of Philological Sciences
  7. Subrakova Viya Vasilyevna, Senior Researcher at KhRILLH, Candidate of Philological Sciences
  8. Chebochakova Irina Maksimovna, Head of the Language Sector of KhRILLH, Candidate of Philological Sciences
  9. Shagdurova Olga Yurievna, Leading Researcher at KhRILLH, Candidate of Philological Sciences

Additional Language Information

• ISO 639-3: kjh
• ISO 15924: Cyrl
• Glottocode: khak1248

The Khakas language (Хакас тілі) is the ethnic language of the Khakas, the indigenous population of the Republic of Khakassia located in southern Siberia. It belongs to the Siberian subsubgroup of the Turkic language family. Khakas is the result of the historical consolidation of dialects. The Kachin and Sagai dialects were chosen as the base of the Khakas literary language based on the greater number of their native speakers. Until 1917, the scientific and official literature used the names the language of the Abakan or Minusinsk Tatars, the language of the Abakan or Yenisei Turks [Донидзе, 1997, p. 459]. The appearance of the name "Khakas tili" (Khakas language) is connected with the adoption in 1917 at the II Congress of the Khakas people on the initiative of S. D. Maynagashev decided to use the ethnonym " Khakasy", which is common to all. "The Congress unanimously decided to return to the people their ancient self–name - Khakasy. The resolutions of the 1918 Uyezd Congress of Soviets confirmed the popular decision" [Кызласов, 1994, p. 8].

N. A. Baskakov attributed the Khakas language to the Eastern Hunnic branch, the Uighur group, within which it, together with Kamasin, Chulym, Shorsky, Sary-Uighur and the northern dialects of the Altaic language, forms a special Khakas subgroup [Баскаков, 1975, p. 3].

According to the All-Russian Population Census of 2020, the total number of native speakers of the Khakas language in Russia is 61,365 people, of whom approximately 44% indicated proficiency in the Khakas language as their mother tongue, which is 14% lower than the 2010 census (58%) [Borgoyakova, 2025, p. 46]. This trajectory aligns with the classification of Khakas as a “Definitely Endangered” language by UNESCO [Moseley, 2010]. Such a transition poses a significant threat to intergenerational language transfer and complicates the preservation of linguistic heritage.

References

1. Донидзе Г. И. Хакасский язык //Языки мира. Тюркские языки. – 1997. – С. 459.
2. Кызласов Л. Р., Кызласов И. Л. Ключевые вопросы истории хакасов //Земля Сибирская (Страницы истории и современность): сборник статей. Абакан–Москва: Эвтектика. – 1994.
3. Баскаков Н. А. Грамматика хакасского языка. – Nauka, 1975. – №. 1.
4. Borgoyakova T. G., Guseynova A. V. Ethnic and Linguistic Policy and Sociolinguistic Variability of Language Shift ( Example of Republic of Khakassia) //Humanities and social sciences. – 2025. – №. 3 (122). – С. 44-53.
5. Moseley C. (ed.). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. – Unesco, 2010.

Alphabet / Character Set

For the translations, the following alphabet was used: абвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяёіғңҷӧӱ. It is strictly fixed and fully Cyrillic.

Click to expand the list of Unicode character names

'а' \u0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A
'б' \u0431 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE
'в' \u0432 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE
'г' \u0433 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE
'д' \u0434 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE
'е' \u0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE
'ж' \u0436 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE
'з' \u0437 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE
'и' \u0438 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I
'й' \u0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I
'к' \u043a CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA
'л' \u043b CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL
'м' \u043c CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM
'н' \u043d CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN
'о' \u043e CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O
'п' \u043f CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE
'р' \u0440 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER
'с' \u0441 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES
'т' \u0442 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE
'у' \u0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U
'ф' \u0444 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF
'х' \u0445 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA
'ц' \u0446 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE
'ч' \u0447 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE
'ш' \u0448 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA
'щ' \u0449 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA
'ъ' \u044a CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN
'ы' \u044b CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU
'ь' \u044c CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN
'э' \u044d CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E
'ю' \u044e CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU
'я' \u044f CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA
'ё' \u0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO
'і' \u0456 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
'ғ' \u0493 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE
'ң' \u04a3 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER
'ҷ' \u04b7 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER
'ӧ' \u04e7 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
'ӱ' \u04f1 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS

Citation

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite it as follows:

@misc{adeshkin-google-smol-en-ru-kjh-2026,
  author       = {Vasily Adeshkin},
  title        = {Khakas Smol},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Hugging Face},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/adeshkin/google-smol-en-ru-kjh}}
}

License

This data is released under cc-by-4.0