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US-12983226-A | Window attachment
J. T. SAMUELS WINDOW ATTACHMENT May 29, 1928.
Filed Aug. 1'7, 1926 avwentoz .JLJI. Samuel-s Patented May 29, 1928UNITED STATES JOSEPH T. SAMUELS, OF TURTLE CREEK, PENNSYLVANIA.
WINDOW ATTAGHMEN T.
Application filed August 17, 1926.
This invention relates to builders hardware and more particularly to anattachment adapted to be applied to a window sash and limit the extentto which a window may be opened, when the attachment is in operativeposition.
A main object of the invention is to pro vide an attachment which whenapplied to an upper sash and adjusted to engage a lower sash may not bemoved out of position to engage the lower sash until both sashes arecompletely closed. This makes it impossible for a person to release thefastener while standingoutside a window.
Another object of the invention is to so construct the attachment thatit may be firmly applied to an upper sash and when in place will not beunsightly. I
Another object of the invention'is to pro vide an attachment of thischaracter which may be'stamped from sheet metal and therefore verycheaply produced.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein,-
Figure l is a view showing a portion ofa window in elevation with theattachment applied to it, and disposed in an inoperative position.
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 22 of Figure 1, theattachment being shown in the inoperative position in full lines, andits operative position being indicated by dotted lines.
Figure 3 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken along the line 33 of Figure 2, with the attachment shown in the operative position, and
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the attachment.
The attachment constituting the subject matter of this invention isintended to be applied to a side stile of an upper window sash 1 andwhen in an operative position engages the upper edge of a lower sash 2so that the window may be opened for ventilating purposes without dangerof a burglar 01' other unauthorized person entering a house through anopen window. The bracket 3 which constitutes the mounting element of theattachment is formed of strong sheet metal. The bracket fits against theside stile of the upper sash, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 and isprovided with upper and lower side tongues 4 and 5 which projecttransversely therefrom for overlapping engagement with the inner face ofthe stile. A
Serial No. 129,832. 7
tongue 6 is cut from the upper portion of the bracket opposite thetongue 4 and is bent to project transversely from the stile. The tongue,6 constitutes an abutment adapted to be engaged by the leaf 7 andprevents the leaf from being swung upwardly and toward the glass of theupper sash beyond a substantially vertical position. Referring to Figure4, it will be seen that the leaf 7 which is also formed of strong sheetmetal is pro vided at its free end with a side arm 8 which projectstransversely from the leaf and is cut and bent to provide a lip 9extending transversely from the arm.
WVhen the attachment is applied to the window, the bracket is firstplaced against the stile of the upper sash a sufficient dis tance aboveits lower edge to permit the leaf '7 to be swung downwardly to theinoperative position shown by full lines in Figure 2. The screws 10 and11 are then put in place and will securely hold the bracket inengagement with the window stile. It should be noted that the lowerscrew 11 instead of being countersunk in the bracket is formed with anenlarged head and serves, not only as means to assist in securing thebracket, but also to pivotally mount the leaf 7.
When the attachment is in place and the leaf swung downwardly to theinoperative position, it does not project outwardly from the upper sashand therefore, either the upper or the lower sash may be freely openedits full extent in the usual manner. Vhen, however, the leaf is swungupwardly, to the operative position indicated by dotted lines in Figure2, the arm 8 projects from the upper sash, as shown in Figure 3 andtogether with its side lip 9 extends in overhanging relation to theupper edge of. the lower sash. The lower sash can then only be opened,until it contacts with the armand lip. In actual practice the distancethe lower or upper sash may be opened when the attachment is in anoperative position is about nine inches, and will afford ampleventilation, but prevent any one from stepping into a room through thewindow. In view of the fact that the leaf, when swung downwardly to aninoperative position, has its lower free end disposed very close to thelower end of the upper sash it will be readily seen that it can not bemoved to an inoperative position until both of the sashes are completelyclosed. Therefore a burglar would be prevented from reaching into aclaim room from the outside and releasing the latch. Vihile anattachment has been shown applied to only one side ofthe window, it willbe obvious that a similar attachment could be applied to the other sidethereof ifso desired.
Having thus described the inventioi'i, I
1.. A window fastener comprising a bracket adapted to be secured againstthe inner side face of aside stile of an upper sash, and a leafpivotally connected with said bracket for vertical swinging movement andprovided with an arm extending transversely therefrom, said armprojecting towards the glass of the upper sash out of the path of alower sash when the leaf in a lowered position and extending outwardlyfrom the upper sash into position to engage the upper edge of the lowersash and limit sliding of one sash relative to the other when the leafis swung upwardly.
2. A window fastener conl gnising a bracket adapted to be securedilgilllh-it the inner side face of a side stile of an u 'iper sash, anda leaf pivotally connected with said bracket for vertical swingingmovement and provided with an arm extending transversely therefrom, saidarm projecting towards the glass of the upper sash out of the path of alower sash when the leaf is in a lowered position and extending outwardly from the upper sash into position to en-- gage the upper edge of thelower sash and limit sliding of one sash relative to the other when theleaf is swung upwardly, said arm being formed with a flatside extensionhavingvits under face flush with the lower edge of the arm andprovidinga wide surface for engagementby the upper edge face of the lower sash; i
A 7 window fastener comprising a bracket adapted to be secured againstthe inner side face of a side stile of an upper sash and a leafpivotally connected with said bracket for vertical swinging movement andprovided with an ari n extending transversely therefrom, said armprojecting towards the glass of the upper sash out the path of alowersash when the leaf is in a lowered position and extending outwardly fromthe upper sash into position to engagethe upper edge of the lower sashand limit sliding of one sash relative to the other when the leaf isswung upwardlyand an abutment extending from said bracket for engagementby said leaf to limit upward liltWGl'IlGllll thereof.
In testimony whereof I ture.
JOSEPH T. sAMUn s a 5.
my signa-
| 2024-03-22 | 1926-08-17 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1928-05-29"
} |
US-54368322-A | Clothespole
B. TRENT I Jan. 29, 1924.
cLoTHEsPoLE Filed Marchv 14 1922 lllllllll... l
Illll llllllllll .Villll I .IMIAI ATTORNEYS b WITNESSES www fj Patenteddan. 29, E924 htdt BENJAMIN TRENI', 0F LAKEVIEW, NEW JERSEY.
CLOTHESPOLIE.
Application ledMarch 14, 1922. Serial No. 543,683.
To all whom t may concern.'
Be it known that I, BENJAMIN TRENT, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Lakeview, in the county of Passaic and State of NewJersey, have invented anew and Improved Clothespole, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.
This invention relates to improvements in clothes poles, an object ofthe invention being to provide a clothes line supporting device of thischaracter so constructed that a line held thereby will not slip, andembodying structural details which prevent the accidental falling orblowing down of the same.
A further object is to provide a clothes pole which will be simple andpractical in construction, strong and durable in use, and capable ofbeing manufactured with comparative economy.
With these and other objects in view, the invention consists in certainnovel features of construction and combinations and arrangements ofpartsas will be more fully hereinafter described and pointed out in theclaim.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure l is a fragmentary view in side elevation of the upper end of myimproved pole; f
Figure 2 is a top plan view thereof; and
Figure 3 is a broken view in side elevation of the pole.
Referring in detail to the drawings, I have usedl the reference numerall to designate a clothes pole, preferably of wood provided at its lowerend with a ferrule 2 and a spike 3 driven into the lower end of the poleand extending below the ferrule to prevent slipping of the pole upon theSoil or upon ice.
The principal novelty resides in the construction of the upper end ofthe pole which is formed with a circular socket l therein. A transverseslot 5 extending from side to side of the pole intersects the socket t.A rust-proof pin or spike 6 is driven into the bottom of the socket 4and its upper end -is level with the top of the pole. This pin may bemade of fiber, galvanized iron, or any other suitable vrust-proofmaterial.
It will be noted that the lower end 7 of the slot 5 is substantially thesame width as the spike 6, while this slot at its upper end widensappreciably, as indicated at 8, the slot and socket being ofsubstantially the same width at their upper ends. Rounded shoulders 9are provided at the lower end of the socket, said shoulders curvinggradually into the walls of the slot, so that there are no rough orsharp corners in the socket or slot.
The manner of attaching a line l1 to the top of the pole is by slippingthe same into the slot 5 and pulling the same downwardly until the linerests on the bottom of the socket and slot. As the line is pulleddownwardly, the pin 6 will serve to offset a portion of the line, orform a kink therein, as indicated at l0. In other words, the pin and onewall of the slot will exert a binding action upon the line. The ferruleprevents the pole from slipping on the ground and the novel constructionof the upper end of the pole tightly holds a line so there is absolutelyno danger of the pole falling and resulting in the soiling of clotheswhich may be carried on the line.
Various slight changes and alterations might be made in the general formand arrangement of the parts described without departing from theinvention, and hence I do not wish to limit myself to the precisedetails set forth, but shall consider myself at liberty to make suchslight changes and alterations as fairly fall within the spirit andscope of the appended claim.
I claim:
A clothes pole having a longitudinally extending socket in one endthereof, and slots in opposite sides thereof conimunicating with saidsocket, said slots extending to the end of said pole and the side wallsthereof diverging outwardly at the upper ends thereof and for a portionof their lengths,
and a pin mounted in the pole and extend- 95 ing centrally from; theinner end of said socket and in alignment with said slots.
BENJAMIN TRENT.
| 2024-03-22 | 1922-03-14 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1924-01-29"
} |
US-35216453-A | Masonry gauge
J. H. LANNER MASONRY GAUGE Aug. 24, 1954 Filed April 30, 1953 fnverzlr"kfa/in, If: .Lcznrzer' Patented Aug. 24, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE Claims.
The present invention relates generally to a masonry gauge, and moreparticularly to a masons height measuring gauge which is particularlysuitable for aligning the individual building blocks of a structureduring construction.
Workers in the masonry trade heretofore have had no convenient tool foraligning the individual building blocks of a structure duringconstruction. In general, when a mason sets up a course of buildingblocks, he first places a suitable amount of mortar on the underlyincourse of building blocks and then places an appropriate block ofbuilding material on the mortar. In order to insure that the newly-laidblock is set at the proper height, the mason measures the distance fromthe top of the newly-laid block to the top of the underlying block. Theusual practice in the trade has been to use a folding rule for thispurpose. In order to perform this measurement, the mason must remove hisfolding rule from his pocket, unfold the rule and then place itvertically adjacent the side of the building block. The mason then tapsdown on the block being laid until the top thereof is at the properheight above the underlying block. In order to be sure that the uppersurface of the block being laid is horizontal, the mason must measurethe height of the top of the block from the underlying block at severalpoints along the block. The mason may then refold the rule and place itback in his pocket or he may leave the rule unfolded and set it asidefor future use. This measuring procedure is rather cumbersome, requiresa good deal of concentration to make sure that the readin on the scaleis accurate, and takes up a substantial portion of the working time ofthe mason.
The objects of the present invention are to provide an improved masonrygauge which will simplify the work of aligning building blocks as theyare set into a building structure; and to provide such a masonry gaugewhich is simple in construction, economical to manufacture, andefficient for its intended use.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent fromthe following description and accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a masonry gauge formed in accordancewith the present invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken alon line 2--2 of Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a front elevational view of a portion of a buildingstructure during construction, showing the manner in which a masonrygauge formed in accordance with the present invention is used to alignthe blocks being set into the structure.
A masonry gauge I I formed in accordance with the present inventionincludes a. rule I3, a longitudinally extending sleeve I5 which extendsaround and is slidable along the rule I3 and an L-shaped shelf memberII, a portion of which extends within the sleeve I5 generally parallelto the rule I3, and a portion of which extends externally of the sleeveI5 at right angles to the rule I3.
The rule I3 is formed from a straight, relatively rigid, elongated baror rod I8 which is calibrated along its length as indicated at I9 inFigure l; the rule I3 being constructed out of steel, wood, plastic, orany other material which may be formed into rigid, durable,self-supporting lengths. The rule I3 may be of any suitable length andcross section, the length being normally determined by the size of thebuilding blocks which are to be aligned. The rule I3 is preferablyformed from a single strip of material; however, a folding 0rarticulated rule is also possible provided that the unfolded rule hassmooth, unbroken faces and edges. If one desires to hang the rule I3from a hook or the like, the rule may be provided with an appropriatelypositioned hole 23 at one end thereof.
The sleeve I5 may be formed of any suitable material such as metal,wood, plastic, etc. The bore of the sleeve I5 is sufliciently large soas to accommodate the rule I3 and a portion of the L-shaped shelf memberI! as illustrated in the drawings. In the gauge illustrated in thedrawings, the sleeve I5 has a rectangular bore with front and rear wallsof a Width W approximately equal to that of the rule so that one face ofthe rule may seat internally along the front or rear Wall of the sleeveI5. The sleeve I5 is of sufficient length L so that a substantialsurface area of the rule may lie in engagement with one of the internalWalls of the sleeve I5.
The L-shaped shelf member I1 may be formed of any suitable, reasonablystiff, resilient material such as spring steel, plastic, etc. TheL-shaped shelf member I! includes a longitudinally extending arm 25 ofsuflicient length so as to be able to extend through the sleeve I5. TheL-shaped shelf member II should be suitably shaped so as to lie stablyalongside the rule I3. A spring finger 21 extends along a major portionof the length of the arm 25 and connects with one end thereof. Thespring finger 2! is spaced from and outwardly bowed with respect to thearm 25.
Normally, the central portion of the spring finger 21 is positionedwithin the sleeve [5 between the arm 25 and the internal wall of thesleeve [5 opposite to that which is engaged by the rule I3. At least asmall area 29 of the spring finger 2! engages the wall of the sleeve I5pressing thereagainst so as to bias the arm 25 against the rule [3 andcausin the rule to frictionally press against the opposite wall of thesleeve l5. If desired, the pring finger may be welded or otherwiseattached to the wall of the sleeve at the area of contact 29.
A transverse shelf 33 connects with the upper end of the arm 25. Thisshelf extends a substantial distance outwardly from the arm 25 and ruleI3. The shelf 33 preferably has flat, upper and lower surfaces forseating on a building block during use.
The masonry gauge I l may be used in various ways to align the buildingblocks of a structure during construction.
Method A.-Figure 3 illustrates a building structure being formed fromsuitable building blocks 35 (which may be stone, brick, tile, glass,etc.). To align the block 35a on the block 35b, the sleeve 15 andL-shaped shelf member i! are moved together along the rule [3 until theshelf 33 is positioned at the height H at which one wishes to set thetop of the block 35a above the block 3522. A substantial amount ofmortar is then set on the block 352), after which the block 35a isplaced on the mortar. The guage II is then set vertically with the lowersurface of the shelf 33 resting on the upper surface of the block 3512.The block 35a is then tapped downwardly until the bottom of the rule [3just touches the top of the block 35. During this operation, one mayshift the gauge I l to various positions along the upper surface of theblock 35a in order to be sure that the block 35a lies horizontally. Thisoperation is extremely simple and when the blocks to be laid aresubstantially the same size, it necessitates only a single setting ofthe gauge.
Method B.Alternatively, under certain circumstances, one may align theblocks 35 being set into a building structure in the following manner.The shelf 33 is set to the proper height H (the distance one wishes toset the top of the block 350 above the block 351)) along the rule. Thegauge l is set vertically in a reversed manner so that the numbers onthe rule increase in a downward direction. The upper surface of theshelf 33 is seated on the surface of the underlying block 35d, mortar isplaced on the block 3511, and the block 350 is then set on the mortar.The upper block 35c is tapped downwardly until the upper surface of theblock 350 is in line with the edge of the rule i3. Since the mortar hasnot yet dried, the mason may easily remove the shelf 33 from between theblocks 35c and 35d without moving the blocks or weakening the structure.
In the foregoing, I have described an improved masons gauge which willsimplify the work of aligning building blocks which are being set into aStructure. The gauge is simple in construction, easily operable, andeconomical to manufacture.
Various changes may be made in the described structure without departingfrom the principles or intended scope of the invention.
I claim;
1. A masonry gauge comprising a fiat rule, a longitudinally extendingsleeve extending around and slidable along said rule, the openingthrough said sleeve being of generally rectangular cross section with awidth approximately equal to that of said rule, the faces of said rulelying parallel to the front and rear walls of said sleeve, and agenerally L-shaped shelf member, said shelf member including a generallyflat, longitudinally extending arm of approximately the same width assaid rule, said arm extending through said sleeve parallel to the facesof said rule, a spring finger which extends along the major portion ofthe length of and connects with one end of said arm, said spring fingerbeing spaced from and outwardly bowed with respect to said arm, thecentral portion of said spring finger extending within said sleevebetween said arm and one of the internal Walls of said sleeve, saidspring finger biasing said arm against said rule so as to force saidrule to frictionally engage one of the internal walls of said sleeve,and a shelf which connects with the opposite end of said arm, said shelfextending outwardly from in a direction at right angles to said arm.
2. A masonry gauge comprising a flat rule, a longitudinally extendingsleeve extending around and slidable along said rule, the openingthrough said sleeve being of generally rectangular cross section with awidth approximately equal to that of said rule, the faces of said rulelying parallel to the front and rear walls of said sleeve, and agenerally L -shaped member formed from a single strip of flexiblematerial of approximately the same width as the width of said openingthrough said sleeve, said L-shaped member eing bent so as to form agenerally fiat, longitudinally extending arm, a spring finger and ashelf, said arm extending through said sleeve parallel to the faces ofsaid rule, said spring finger extending along the major portion of thelength of and connecting with one end of said arm, said spring fingerbeing reversely bent and outwardly bowed with respect to said arm, thecentral portion of said spring finger extending within said sleevebetween said arm and one of the internal walls of said sleeve, saidspring finger biasing said arm against said rule so as to force saidrule to frictionally engage one of the internal walls of said sleeve,said shelf connecting with the opposite end of said arm, and said shelfextending outwardly from in a direction at right angles to said arm.
3. A masonry gauge comprising a fiat rule, a longitudinally extendingsleeve extending around and slidable along said rule, the openingthrough said sleeve being of generally rectangular cross section with awidth approximately equal to that of said rule, the faces of said rulelying parallel to the front and rear walls or" said sleeve, and agenerally L-shaped member formed from a single strip of flexiblematerial of approximately the same width as the width of said openingthrough said sleeve, and said L-shaped member being bent so as to form agenerally fiat, longitudinally extending arm, a spring finger and ashelf, said arm extending through said sleeve parallel to the faces ofsaid rule, said spring finger extending along the major portion of thelength of and connecting with one end of said arm, said spring fingerbeing reversely bent and outwardly bowed with respect to said arm, thecentral portion of said spring finger extending within and connected toone of the internal walls of said sleeve, said spring finger biasingsaid arm against said rule so as to force said rule to frictionallyengage one of the internal walls of said sleeve, said shelf connectingwith the opposite end of said arm, and
said shelf extending outwardly from in a direction at right angles tosaid arm.
4. An attachment for a fiat rule comprising a longitudinally extendingsleeve which is adapted to extend around and slide along said rule, theopening through said sleeve being of generally rectangular cross sectionwith a width approximately equal to that of said rule, and a generallyL-shaped shelf member, said shelf member included a generally fiat,longitudinally extending arm of approximately the same width as saidrule, said arm being adapted to extend through said sleeve parallel tothe faces of said rule, a spring finger which extends along the majorportion of the length of and connects with one end of said arm, saidspring finger being spaced from and outwardly bowed with respect to saidarm, the central portion of said spring finger being adapted to extendwithin said sleeve between said arm and one of the internal walls ofsaid sleeve, said spring finger being adapted to bias said arm againstsaid rule so as to force said rule to frictionally engage one of theinternal walls of said sleeve, and a shelf which connects with theopposite end of said am, said shelf extending outwardly from in adirection at right angles to said arm.
5; An attachment for a fiat rule comprising a longitudinally extendingsleeve which is adapted to extend around and slide along said rule, theopening through said sleeve beingof generally rectangular cross sectionwith a width approximately equal to that of said rule, and a length ofand connecting with one end of said,
arm, said spring finger being reversely bent and outwardly bowed withrespect to said arm, the central portion of said spring finger beingadapted to extend within said sleeve between said arm and one of theinternal walls of said sleeve, said spring finger being adapted to biassaid arm against said rule so as to force said rule to frictionallyengage one of the internal Walls of said sleeve, said shelf connectingwith the opposite end of said arm, and said shelf extending outwardlyfrom in a direction at right angles to said, arm.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NameDate Smith Feb. 28, 1905 Number
| 2024-03-22 | 1953-04-30 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1954-08-24"
} |
US-20001338-A | Multicolor flock printing machine
INVENTOR ATTORNEYS July 2, 1940 J. H. JOHNSTON 2,206,570
ULTICOLOR FLOCK PRINTING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1938 4 Sl'xeelzs-Sheevk1 July 2, 1940. J, H JQHNSTON 2,206,570
HULTICGLOR `FLOCK PRINTING MACHINE Filed April' 4, 1938 4 sheets-sheet 2ATTO RN EYS July 2, 1940. J. H. JOHNSTON 2,206,57 A
uuLTIcoLon FLocK PRINTING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1938 4 sheets-sheet :s
ATTORN EYS July 2, 1940. J`. H. JOHNSTON MULTICOLOR. FLOCK PRINT-INGMACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 4, 193Bv F5910. ll
INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented July 2, 1940l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEMULTICOLOR FLOCK PRINTING MACHINE John Hugh Johnston, Fall River, Mass.Application April 4, 1938, lSerial No. 200,013 4 claims. (ci. ici-11s) Afurther object is to provide a machine of this type having a novelstencil cylinder, being provided with a plurality of pockets forcontaining distinctively colored printing material.
' A further object of the invention is to provide novel means foradjusting the stencil cylinders relatively to each other so that thedesign on the flock applying cylinder will accurately register with theadhesive applied to the textile fabric or the like by the adhesiveapplying cylinder.
A further object is to provide a device of this character which will beeffective in operation, thoroughly reliable and inexpensive tomanufacture and insall.
With the above and other objects in view the invention consists ofcertain novel details of construction and combinations of partshereinafter fully described and claimed, it being understood thatvarious modifications maybe resorted to within the scope of the appendedclaims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of theadvantages of the invention. l 3o In the accompanying drawings formingpart of this specification,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a multicolor flock printingmachine constructed in accordance with the invention.
35 Figure 2 is a plan view of the machine with the stencil cylinders andmountings therefor shown in section.
Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the machine taken on the line3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a fragmentary front elevation of oneof the two slottedplates which coact with annular division walls in the stencil cylinderto form pockets for a plurality of distinctive colors.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of one of the links of the chain formoving the endless rubber blanket. y
Figure 6 is an enlarged -longitudinal sectional view of one of the linksshowing the connection between the link and the blanket.
Figure '7 is a front elevation of a modified form of stencil cylinderhaving channels for respectively diiferent colored materials.
Figure 8 is a cross sectional View taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a front elevatonof a modied form i of stationary plate foruse in the stencil cylinder shown in Figure 7.
Figure 10 is a front elevation of another modified form of stencilcylinder of hexagonal cross section.
Figure l1 is a cross sectional view taken on the line II-II of Figure10.
Referring now to the drawings in which like characters of referencedesignate similar parts in the various views, I0 designates a suitableframe which is equipped at the ends with superposed shafts I I equippedwith respective toothed gears `I2 over which a pair of endless chains I3are trained oneon each side' of the machine.4 The chains are driven bya'motor I4 which is belted as shown at I4 to oneof the shafts Il,
or otherwise connected thereto.
The shafts II are equipped with idle rollers 4 over which is trained anendless rubber blanket I5. The blanket is connectedlat the longitudinaledges to the endless chain links I6, one of which is shown in Figure 5.
Each link comprises two similar integral sections I'l having oppositelydisposed V-shaped grooves I8 to receive the teeth of the gears I2. PinsI9 are loosely mounted in openings formed axially in the sections of thelink and are Vequipped with forked ends which receive the edge portionI6 of the rubber blanket and are riveted to said edge portion as shownat 2|.
In the present embodiment of the invention a pair of similar stencilcylinders is illustrated, the front cylinder Z2 applying an adhesivesuch as lacquer for example to the textile fabric and the rear cylinder23 applying ock to the printed stencil design formed by the rstcylinder.
kThe stencil cylinders are duplicates of each other so that adescription of one suiiices for both.
The stencil cylinder is provided with a plurality of openings 24, bestshown in Figure 3, through which the printed material is dispensed fromthe cylinder in the form of any desired design, the present exampleshowing circular openings to form dots on the traveling web of tex` tilefabric 25 carried bythe rubber blanket in a path underneath thecylinder. As best shown in Figure 2 the cylinder is provided with aplurality of annular partition walls 26. A pair of plates 21 are mountedstationary in the revolving stencil cylinder and these plates slopetoward each other from their upper ends toward their lower ends, asshown in Figure l. Each plate is provided with a plurality of slots 28in the bottom edge to receive the division Walls 26. The stationaryplates 21 and revoluble division walls 26 coact in forming a row ofpockets longitudinally of the bottom of the cylinder to receiverespective supplies of different colored printing materials whichgravitatesthrough the stencil openings as the openings arrive betweenthe stationary plates during rotation of the cylinder, and prints adesign in a plurality of diierent colors transversely on the travelingweb of material to be printed.
Each stencil cylinder is provided at the end with a cylindrical hub 29which is loosely mounted in a gear 30 as best shown in Figure 2, thegear engaging the respective chain I3, as best shown in Figure 3. Thechain is supported intermediate the rollers by a table 3| also bestshown in Figure 3, the table having a recess 32 to support the chain.The stencil cylinder is remova-` bly clamped against the chain by shafts33 arranged on opposite sides of the cylinder and extendinglongitudinally thereof. 'I'he shafts are mounted on standards 34 whichrise from the table as best shown in Figures 1 and 3 and are disposedabove the center of the respective stencil cylinder. Rollers 35 aredisposed on each shaft and bear against the cylinder.
As previously stated the hubs of the stencil cylinder are loose in thegears 30. The purpose of this is to permit accurate adjustment of thetwo cylinders so that the design of flock material applied by the rearcylinder 23 will accurately register with the design of adhesivematerial applied by the front cylinder 22. For this purpose one hub 29of the stencil cylinder is extended beyond the gear 30 and has fixedthereto a worm gear 36, as best shown in Figure 3. A worm 31 is xed tothe outer side of the gear 30 and meshes with the worm gear 36 'to lockthe gear 30, gear 36 and stencil cylinder for rotation as a unit. Shouldthe design applied by the ilcck cylinder 23 not track, or register withthe design of adhesive applied by the cylinder 22, by manually turningthe worm 31 of either cylinder, the cylinder may be turned bodily in thegear 30 to cause the stencil design of the ilock cylinder to accuratelyregister with the design of adhesive when the latter passes underneaththe design .of
- the ock cylinder.
The stencil cylinder may be adjusted transversely of the table as a unitwhen desired and for this purpose a pair of adjusting pins 38 arethreadedly engaged through the standards 34 which are disposed betweenthe cylinders and each pin is provided with a transversely disposed head39 equipped at the ends with rollers 40 which bear upon the drivinggears 30 of both cylinders. Each pin is equipped with a pair of nuts 4|which engage opposite faces of the respective standard 34. By looseningthe nuts of one pin and tightening the nuts of the other pin bothcylinders may be simultaneously adjusted endwise transversely of thetable. I
The stationary plates 21 which form the end walls of the row of pocketsin each stencil cylinder are provided at the ends with rods 42 whichproject through the hollow hubs 2 9 of the cylinder and are secured inbearings 43 carried by standards 44 which rise from the table as bestshown in Figure 1.
Disposed below the traveling blanket is a pan 45 which is supported atthe end upon brackets 46 secured to the frame l0. The pan is adapted tohold cleaning material for removing the adhesive from the blanket andmaintainthe blanket in clean condition at all times.
A roller 46', best shown in Figure 1, is mounted in bearings 41 carriedby the pan and the roller is submerged for about one-half its diameterin the cleaning fluid. The upper side of the roller engages the workingface of the blanket and applies the cleaning fluid thereto. A pressureroller 48 is mounted on a standard 49 in superposed relation to theroller 46 and presses the blanket down against the roller 46.
A plurality of Scrapers 50 is arranged on the top of the pan and bearagainst the'working face of the blanket after it has received a coatingof cleaning material from the roller 41. scrapers scrape the cleansingmaterial. and any accumulated adhesive from the working face of theblanket so that the blanket will pass on to the table in thoroughlycleansed condition. A pair of pressure rollers 5I are arranged on theStandards 52 which rise from the pan and these rollers press the blanketdown firmly against the Scrapers.
By referring now to Figures 1 be seen that a bar 53 is mounted on adriven shaft 54 that is journaled'in the frame. The
bar is substantially square in cross section and belted to the shaft asshown at 1 or otherwise connected thereto.
A modied form of stencil cylinder and a modified form of plate forforming a row of pockets in the cylinder,'is shown in Figures 7, 8 and9. Instead of employing partition walls on the inner face of thecylinder as shown in the preferred i embodiment of the invention, thestencil cylinder 56 is provided with a plurality of spaced annularchannels 51 which extend beyond the outer surface of the cylinder andare provided with stencil openings 58. These channels provide the sidewalls and bottom walls of a longitudinal row of pockets in the cylinder.
'I'he end walls of the row of pockets is formed These and 3 it wm byplates 59 having a plurality of spaced tongues 60 which are received inthe channels.
In Figures 10 and 11 there is shown another modified form of theinvention in which the 4cylinder 6| `is substantially hexagonal in crosssection and the stencil openings 62 are arranged at the intersections ofthe flat faces of the cylinder. Annular partition walls 63 must beprovided 'I in this form of the invention to coact with suitable shapedplates to form the row of pockets in the' cylinder.
It will be pointed out that in all forms of the lis produced, thepatterns or designs of the second stencil cylinder 23 corresponding tothe pattern or design in the rst stencil cylinder 22 except that theholes are made a trie larger in the second cylinder to permit suflicientcoverage of flock striking the adhesive and prevent any part of thecylinder touching the adhesive printing applied by the first cylinder.
If desired a paper web 64 may be run through the machine with the fabricin interleaved position between the fabric and the blanket to preventany printing material which may be on the blanket from contact with thefabric. The paper and cleaning tank may be used separately or ma both beused if desired.
Since the operation of the parts has been described as the descriptionprogressed it is thought that the invention will be fully understoodwithout further explanation.
.What is claimed is:
1. In a flock printing apparatus, a traveling blanket for supporting thematerial to be printed,
a pair of stencil cylinders rotatably mounted above the blanket, saidcylinders being hollow, one of said cylinders being adapted to apply anadhesive to the material to be printed and the following cylinder beingadapted to apply flock to the material to be printed, the stencilopenings in the following cylinder being larger than the stencilopenings in the rst named cylinder to permit sufficient coverage offlock striking the adhesive and prevent any part of the cylindertouching the adhesive applied by the first cylinder, each cylinderhaving parallel annular division walls concentric with the axis of thecylinder on the inner surface thereof, and stationary plates extendingtransversely of all of the division walls and forming a longitudinal rowof pockets at the bottom of the cylinder to receive respectivelydifferent colors of printing material and permit the same to gravitatethrough the stencil openings as the openings arrive between thestationary plates during rotatior. of the cylinder.
2. In a flock printing apparatus, a traveling blanket for supporting thematerial to be printed, a pair of rotatable stencil cylinders superposedupon the blanket, one of thev cylinders being adapted to `apply anadhesive to the material to be printed and the following cylinder beingadapted to apply ock to the adhesive, a rotary beater bar engaging theunderneath face of the blanket below the flock applying cylinder adaptedto vibrate the blanket and beat the flock applied by the followingcylinder into the adhesive applied by the rst cylinder, each cylinderhaving parallel annular division walls concentric with the axis. of thecylinder on the inner surface thereof, and stationary plates extendingtransversely of all of -the division walls and forming a longitudinalrow of pockets at the bottom of the cylinder to receive respectivelydifferent colors of printing materialand permit the same to gravitatethrough the stencil openings as the openings arrive betweenl thestationary plates during rotation of the cylinder.
3. In printing apparatus, a hollow revoluble stencil cylinder havingstencil openings, a plurality of annular division walls integral withthe inner wall of the cylinder and concentric with the axis of thecylinder, and ajpair of stationary plates disposed within the thecylinder longitudinally of the cylinder having portions fitting betweenthe annular division walls to form pockets for respectively differentcolored printing material at the lowest point in the cylinder to per-'mit the printing material gravitating through the stencil openingsasthe openings arrive between the stationary plates during rotation ofthe cylinder.
4. In printing apparatus, a hollow stencil cylinder having a pluralityof spaced annular channels extending beyond the outer surface of thecylinder and provided with stencil openings, said channels beingdisposed concentric with the axis of the cylinder, and a pair ofstationary plates extending longitudinally of the cylinder at the lowestpoint thereof having spaced tongues received in said channels andcoacting with the walls of the channels to form pockets for respectivesupplies of different colored printing material, said material beingadapted to gravitate through the stencil openings as the openings arrivebetween the plates during rotation of the cylinder.
JOHN HUGH JOHNSTON.
| 2024-03-22 | 1938-04-04 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1940-07-02"
} |
US-65303333-A | Package machine
9 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 8, 1936. w. w. MccAlN PACKAGE MACHINE Filed Jan,25, 1935 mmm Mg 6% I www 1 vmm Dec. 8, 1936. w. w. MccAlN PACKAGEMACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 .www MBH Filed Jan. 25, 1933 Dec. 8, 1936. w.w. MCcAlN 2,063,392
PACKAGE MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec. 8, 1936. w. w.MCCAIN PACKAGE MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, i933 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Dec. 8,1936. w w MCCAlN 2,063,392
PACKAGE MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec. 8, 1936. w. w.MCCAIN PACKAGE MACHINE Filed Ja'n. 23, 1955 9 sheets-sheet e We W@yC/mwa, zj-Mw Dec. 8, r1936. w, w. McfcAlN PACKAGE MACHINE 9Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Jan. 23, 1955 Dec. 8, 1936. w. w. MocAlN PACKAGEMACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1933 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 W. W. MCCAIN PACKAGEMACHINE Dec. 8, 1936.
Filed Jan. 23, 1935 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Patented Dec. 8, 1936 PACKAGEMACHINE Wes W. McCain, Oak Park, Ill., assigner to Shellmar ProductsCompany, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware Application January23, 1933, Serial No. 653,033
11 Claims.
The present invention relates to the formation of packages, and hasparticular reference to a method and machine for making fabricatedpackages such as those having a relatively rigid bottom or backingmember and a thin, flexible front or top member.
Packages of this general type have met with considerable favor in theart. One of such packages consists of a rectangular cardboard back towhich are glued along the lower longitudinal edges thereof thelongitudinal edges of a rectangular sheet of thin transparent cellulosesheeting such as the product known as "cellophane, the ends of thecellulose sheeting extending beyond the cardboard and being adapted tobe folded over at a point spaced from the cardboard and secured to thecardboard to close the package. Preferably the side portions of thecellulose sheeting are provided with longitudinal bellows folds.
This extension of the ends of the cellulose material beyond the ends ofthe cardboard complicate somewhat the rapid production of the packages.Also, the necessity of producing packages of various lengths and widthsmakes it essential, from an economical standpoint, that a machine forproducing the packages be adjustable for different sizes.
A principal object of the present invention is the provision of a methodand apparatus for production of packages of the type described.
An additional object is the provision of apparatus for producingpackages of different sizes.
These and other objects will be apparent from a consideration of thefollowing illustrative and explanative description of a preferredembodiment of my invention and by reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side view of a machine for makingpackages of the type described;
Fig. 2 is a side View of the opposite side of the machine;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a part of the front section of the machine, andshows the forming and indexing means thereof;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4--4 of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6 6 of Fig. 3;
Fig. 7 is a sectional View taken along line I-'l of Fig. 3; Fig. 8 is anenlarged fragmentary view of the tube-forming mechanism used inconnection with the machine;
Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9-9 of Fig. 8;
Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along line 5 Ill-I0 of Fig. 8 and'alsoshows rollers for assisting the action of the tube-forming mechanism;
Fig. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary View of the second and third formingmechanisms for opening and closing the tube lip;
Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along line I2-I2 of Fig. 11;
Fig. 13 is a sectional View taken along line I3-I3 of Fig. 11;
Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along line Ill-I4 of Fig. 11;
Fig. 15 is a sectional view taken along line I5-I5 of Fig. 11;
Fig. 16 is a plan view' of the machine showing the hopper and gluingmechanisms thereof; 2O
Fig. 17 is a plan view of the machine taken along line I'I-I'I of Fig.18 and shows the cutting and transfer mechanism of the machine;
Fig. 18 is 'a sectional view takenv along lines I8-I8 of Figs. 16 and17; 25
Fig. 19 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line I9-I9 of Fig. 18and shows the operating of the gluing rollers;
Fig. 20 is a perspective view of a package constructed by the machine;and
Fig. 21 is a sectional view of the package taken along line 2I-2I ofFig. 20.
In accordance with my invention, a web of transparent cellulose materialis continuously formed into an open-sided tube provided withlongitudinal bellows folds along its side portions and inwardly foldedfree edges along its top. These inwardly folded edges are continuouslyopened as the tube passes through the machine, and sections of cardboardbacking material are deposited within the opened edges and resting uponthe bellows fold at properly spaced intervals. The opened edges are thenfolded down and adhesively secured to the back of the cardboard, therebyforming a fabricated web of package lengths. This web is passed througha cutter which severs the cellulose material halfway between the endsection of cardboard and the one next adjacent, to complete theformation of individual packages.
As shown in the drawings, a roll III of a cellophane web II is mountedon a shaft I2 journaled in bearings I3 of the frame structure I4. Theweb II is threaded around idler rolls I5, I6; I1, I8 and I9, which actto maintain the web in alignment. From roll I3 the web beneath thebottom former plate 23, the latter being supported near its rear portionby means of an arm 22 which is adjustably mounted on a cross bar 23 ofthe frame structure. The rear portion 20 inclinesdownwardly at an anglepreferably less than 45 and joins the horizontal front portion 24.
As the cellulose web changes its direction from an inclined angle to thehorizontal, its outer free edges, which extend beyond the lower formerplate 23, are turned upwardly. A horizontal upper former plate 23 issuspended adjacent and spaced from the lower former plate 23 by an arm21 extending from the cross bar 23 of the frame structure. Extendinginwardly between the upper and lower former plates are side or bellowsformer plates 28 which press the upwardly extending edges of thecellophane sheet inwardly between the top and bottom plates to form abellows fold. The free edges of the portions are turned over against theupper forming plate 23 by means of the rubber faced tension rollers 2|.
The folding of the web transforms the same into an open tube formationhaving longitudinal bellows folds along its edges and inwardly extendingfree edges at its top. This tube passes from the forming plates andbetween upper draw roll 29 and lower draw roll 33, these rolls beingmounted on shafts 3| and 32, respectively, which are journaled in theframe structure I4. In addition to progressing the cellulose web throughthe machine, the draw rolls, at least one of which is preferably rubberfaced, exert a certain amount of pressure on the folded portions of thepartial tube, thereby making permanent the creases caused by theformation of bellows folds and the inwardly turned free edges. y
Before the fabrication of cardboard backing members with the foldedcellulose web is possible it is necessary again to open the folded edges25 so that the cardboard sections mayl be inserted therebetween. Forthis reason the folded web is passed through a second forming mechanism.From the draw rolls the folded web passes upwardly over an idler roll33. It then passes downwardly beneath the inclined former plate 34, thefree edges of the web being threaded above the plate, whereby the freeedges 25 are turned upwardly and outwardly, the flared plates 35assisting in this action as shown in Figs. 1l and 12.
As the cellulose we b travels downwardly from roll 33 the outer edges25, which have been folded inwardly by the forming mechanism, pass overthe top of plate 34, while the remainder of the folded web passesbeneath the plate. Adjacent the bottom of plate 34 are provided plates35 which are twisted from a position flat against the former plate to anupright position adjacent the outer edge of the former plate. As thefolded-over free edges 25 of the cellulose web strike the twisted orflanged plates 35 they are rotated thereby into erect position, theaction being assisted by the change in direction of the web adjacent thelower portion of plate 34 and the flanged plates 35, as shown in Fig. 5.
Mounted transversely of the path of the web Il and adjacent the inclinedplate 34 is a shaft 33 having keyed thereon two associated gripper disks31 which are adapted to hold therebetween one or more gripping fingers33. The disks 31 are clamped together by bolts 33 and are proaoeasaavided with a. number of spaced holes 43 adiacent their peripheralportion. Pins 4| are passed through corresponding holes 43 in the twodisks and form shafts to which the gripper fingers 33 are pivoted.Adjacent the gripper fingers 33 and mounted in slots 42 of the disks 31are the blocks 43 against which the outer portion of the gripper fingersare pressed by means of recessed springs 44 acting against the lower orinner end of the pivoted Zripper fingers. It will be seen that thenumber and position of gripping units can be varied as desired. Tochange the position of the gripper units the disks 31 are separated andpins 4| are changed to the proper holes 43, gripper fingers 33 beingcarried on the latter. Blocks 43 are also changed in position tocorrespond with the changed position of the gripper fingers, and thedisks 31 are again clamped together. Gripper umts may be added orremoved, as will be obvious. A hopper 45 is provided to hold a supply ofcardboard backs 43 which are removed, one at a time, from the bottom ofthe hopper by means of the reciprocating dog 41. The hopper is madeadjustable in width and length to accommodate cardboard backs of varioussizes.
As the cardboard backs 43 are kicked from an open slot in the lower wallof the hopper by the forward motion of 41, they are received between anupper roll 43 and a lower roll 43;l carried on shafts 53 and 5|,respectively, which are suitably journaled in the frame structure. Thesedraw rolls assist in withdrawing the backing members 43 from the hopperand transfer them to a second set of draw rolls 52 and 53 carried byjournaled shafts 54 and 55, respectively.
From the second set of draw rolls, the cardboard backing members 43 aredelivered into a system of tapes which travel at a speed faster than thesurface speed of the gripper disks 31. These tapes carry the cardboardmembers substantially tangentially to the gripper disks and movement ofreciprocating dog 41 is so timed that the cardboard members reach thegripper disks at the time gripper fingers 33 are momentarily opened.
Upper continuous tapes 53 are carried by a drive roll 33 mounted onshaft 3| which is journaled in the main frame structure I4. Afterpassing beneath roll 33 the upper tapes pass in the direction of theirtravel toward the gripper disks 31 and at a substantially tangentialdirection thereto. Adjacent the gripper disks, tapes 53 turn about anidler roller 32 and travel in a reverse direction over roller 33 whichis carried by an adjustable arm 34 pivoted to shaft 35.
Lower continuous tapes 51 pass about drive roll 33 mounted on shaft 53which is journaled in the frame I4 in a manner similar to shaft 3|.Tapes 51 pass over roll 33 in the direction of their travel and extendalong the lower side of upper tapes 53 to an idler roller 31 adjacentthe gripper disks. After passing beneath roller 31, tapes 51 return toroll 33 across a roller 33 carried by an adjustable arm 33, the latterbeing supported on a shaft 13.
Shafts 35 and 13 and the idler rolls 32 and 31 are mounted inindependent frame units 53 which are pivoted to and adjustable aboutshaft 53. 'I'he free end of the independent frame units 53 areadiustably supported by engagement in openings 1| of upwardly extendingarms 12, the latter being pivoted to a shaft 13 mounted in the framestructure |4.
As before stated, the tapes travel at a speed greater than theperipheral speed of the gripper disks. 'I'he cardboard backing membersare therefore thrust beneath the gripper fingers 38 as the lattermomentarily, open at the point of contact of the cardboard and gripperdisks. By proper regulation of the level of engagement of shaft 55 withpivoted arm 12, the cardboard backing members may be made to contact thegripper disks at any desired angle. As the tape system pivots aboutshaft 59, it will be seen that adjustment of the position of frames 58will require adjustment of the upper tape 56. vTo make this taperelatively longer or shorter, it is necessary only to adjust theposition of arm 64 on shaft 65, a suitable set screw being employed tolock the arm in any desired position. The relative length of lower tape51 similarly is controlled by regulation of arm 69 on shaft 10.
Asshown in detail in Fig. 5, the pins 4I to which'the gripper fingers 38are pivoted extend through one of the gripper disks and has secured toits outer end an arm 14 which carries a cam roller 15. 'I'his cam rolleris positioned to contact and be depressed by la lower stationary cam 16adjacent the lower portion of the gripper disk and an upper stationarycam 11 adjacent the upper portion of the gripper disk. When the rollers-1-5 are not in contact with these cams, the gripper fingers are pressedagainst the gripper blocks by the action of compression spring 44 actingon the opposite end of the gripper fingers. However, as the cam roller15 strike the cam 16 and 11 the gripper fingers are opened against thepressure of springs 44. When the cam roller leaves the cams, the springs44 cause the gripper fingers again to press against the gripper blocks.
Upper cam 11 is so positioned as to cause the gripper fingers 38 to openup just before the cardboard backing members 46 are thrust intotangential position with respect to the gripper disks, and, as thecardboard members are traveling faster than the peripheral speed of thegripper disks, the cardboard is thrust beneath` the opened gripperfinger, and is maintained in this position by the pushing action of thetapes until the cam roller passes out of contact with cam 11, whereuponthe gripper finger closes to engage the cardboard.
After engaging the cardboard backing member, the gripper units continuerotation in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4. To provide aguide andguard for the cardboard members as rotated with the gripperunit a semicircular plate 18 is mounted concentric with the gripperdisks. This plate is brazed to a bar which is attached to the supportmember 19. The latter member also acts as a support for the former unit34, and is pivotally mounted on a cross rod 88 which is attached to theframe of the machine, a set screw 8l being employed to lock the member19 in any desired position. It will be observed that this mounting ofthe former member 34 permits of its adjustment with respect to the roll33.
The gripper disks 31 ordinarily are provided with a plurality of gripperfingers, so that a plurality of cardboard backing members are carriedthereon in spaced relation. As the gripper disks rotate into suchposition that the gripper fingers are in the position shown by the lowergripper ngers in Fig. 4, the cardboard backing members carried therebyare inserted between the upraised free edges 25 of the folded celluloseweb and above the bellows fold thereof. At this DOint the cam wheel 15strikes the lower cam 16 and the gripper fingers open, therebydepositing the cardboard sections in the folded web at spaced intervals.A
In traveling from the hopper 45 to the gripper disks' 31 and while heldby tapes 56 and 51, the cardboard backing members are provided alongeach longitudinal marginal portion of their lower side with a line ofglue or other suitable adhesive. As shown in Fig. 18, a glue pot 82 ismounted to the frame structure beneath the tapes 51. Within this potrotatable glue wheels 84 are mounted, and make peripheral contact withglue wheels 85, the latter being mounted on shaft 59 as shown in Fig.19, and making contact at their upper portion with the cardboard backingmembers along the longitudinal edges of their lower sides, therebydepositing marginal lines of glue.
Thus, as the folded cellulose web passes beneath the gripper disks it isprovided with a series of spaced cardboard backing members havinglongitudinal glue lines on their upper surface and resting upon theupper layer of the bellows fold in the web. The web then passes througha third former, the structure and action of which is shown in Figs. ll,13, 14 and 15. This third former consists of a longitudinally extendingbase plate 86 above which the web travels and two twisted or flangedplates 81, adjustably mounted thereon. Plates 81 are twisted from anupright position adjacent the outer edges -of the cellulose web, asshown in Fig. 13, into a position parallel to and spaced from the baseplate 86, as shown in Fig. 15. As the cellulose web containing spacedcardboard backing members passes through the third former, the openedlip portions or free edges 25 are rotated back into closed position andin contact with the cardboard backing member, thereby causing the edgesor lips 25 of the web to adhere to the glue on the cardboard backingmembers, and completing the fabrication of the web.
'I'he plate 86 is provided with a central longitudinal recess in whichtravels in the direction of travel of the web a continuous tape 88. Thistape passes about an idler roller 89, a tension roller 98 which iscarried on an adjustable arm 9|, and a drive roller 92. The idler roll89 is positioned beneath the gripper disks and the tape is driven insuch a manner to impart forward motion to the cellulose web throughoutthe length of plate 86.
An upper continuous tape 93 is mounted immediately above the plate 86and cooperates with the lower plate in transferring the fabricated webin a forward direction. An adjustable idler roller 94 carries one end ofthe continuous tape 93 while the opposite end passes about an upperdrive roll 95, which is mounted immediately above the similar drive roll92. The rolls 95 and 92 carry tapes 93 and 88 in recesses, whereby therolls are permitted to contact the fabricated web and toy exert apulling effect thereon. Also, as these rolls contact the fabricated webadjacent its edges, the folded-over edges of the cellulose web arepressed into contact with the glued cardboard backing member. It ispreferred that this contact be light in order to prevent squeezing ofthe glue from beneath the edges 25.
Roller 94 is mounted on adjustable arms 96 and 91, whereby the tensionof upper tape 93 as well as its distance from lower tape 88 may bevaried as desired.
The main drive for the cellulose web is provided by draw rolls 30 and3|. However, it is important to maintain the forward end of the webtaut, and for this reason the rolls 92 and 95 are preferably rotatedslightly faster than the peripheral speed of draw rolls 30 and 3|.
A second base plate 98 is mounted on the side of rolls 82 and 95opposite plate 88 and acts as a continued support for the fabricatedweb. The importance of this will be further apparent upon subsequentconsideration of the differential drive of the machine.
Above plate 98 is mounted a small, centrally positioned roller 99carried by a shaft |00. This roller is driven at a speed equal to thatof tension rolls 92 and 95, and continues the even travel of thefabricated web into the cutting mechanism to be described presently. Asimilar roller carried by shaft |02 is mounted beneath base plate 98 andextends upwardly through an opening therein into contiguous positionwith respect to roller 99.
After the cellulose web is fabricated to the spaced cardboard backingmembers, the web is severed between the end cardboard and the one nextadjacent to form individual packages having a rigid back member andthin, flexible, transparent facings and ends extending beyond the endsof the cardboard back. Ordinarily, one or both of the projecting ends ofcellulose material will be folded over and glued to the back of thecardboard, before or after insertion of articles to be packaged, but forpresent purposes it is suillcient to describe the mechanism by which thepackage is completed without folded-over ends.
The cutting mechanism by which individual packages are severed from thefabricated web comprises an upper cutting roll |03 provided with one ormore cutting knives |04 secured thereto and a lower stationary cuttingplate |05. The mechanism shown in the drawings has four knives arrangedat 90-degree intervals about the cutting roll. These knives are arrangedto cut at intervals. That is, they are so timed as to cut individualpackage lengths from the web by severing the cellophane web betweenadjacent sections of cardboard.
Cutting roll |03 is mounted on a shaft |06 which is journaled inbearings |01 adjacent the cutting knives, an extension of the shaftbeing journaled in a third bearing in the frame structure of themachine.
As package lengths-are severed by the cutting mechanism, they arereceived by a system of tapes which travel at a greater speed than thespeed of the fabricated web, and are carried thereby to a source ofdisposal or to mechanism for performing further operations such as endfolding. This system, as shown in Fig. 18, includes upper tap |08carried by idler rollers |08 and ||0, a tension roll carried by anadjustable arm ||2, and a drive roller H3. Below tapes |08 are mountedsimilar tapes |4 carried by idler rollers ||5, IIS, ||1, H8, ||9 and|20, and a drive roll i2| positioned beneath roll H3. Idler roll i8 isadjustably mounted in horizontal slots |22 of the frame structure andcarries gears |23 which mesh with the gears of a stationary rack bar|24. The tension of the tapes is adjusted by regulating the position ofroller ||8 in the slot |22, a nut or set screw being employed tomaintain the roller in any desired position.
To maintain the severed package lengths in alignment during theirtransfer by tapes |08 and ||4 a guide |25 is mounted adjacent the tapes.This guide is carried by arms |26 which are supported on a bar |21.
The individual packages |28,.,shown'in Figs. 20 and 21, emerge fromtapes |08 and ||4 and fall into a hopper |28.
An important feature of my machine is the indexing system by whichpackages of diil'erent lengths may be produced. To accomplish thisresult it is necessary to regulate the action of the cutting knives inaccordance with the length of the cellulose material between successivecuts. In accordance with my invention an index wheel I 40 is keyed toshaft 36 upon which the gripper units are mounted. The index wheel,which is preferably larger in diameter than the gripper disks, isprovided with a series of openings |4| adjacent its periphery, whichopenings correspond in spacing to the spacing of openings 40 in thegripper disk 31. The openings 40 are arranged in a combination whichwill allow one, two, three, four, five, six or seven gripper fingers tobe mounted thereon in equally spaced relation, the number chosen beingdependent upon the length of the cardboard backing member and the lengthof the cellulose end portion extending beyond the cardboard in thecomplete package.
In openings |4| in the index wheel corresponding to the openings 40 ofthe gripper disk into which are secured gripper fingers, are mounted camrollers |42. These rollers, in rotating with the gripper fingers,transfer power through a Geneva motion mechanism to a chain of gearsoperating the cutting knives, thereby providing for one cuttingoperation for each cardboard backing delivered by the gripper units, andfor timing such operation to sever the web mid-way between adjacentsections of cardboard.
The cam rollers |42 rotate with the index wheel and engage the cam wheel|43 at the openings |44 therein, continued rotation of the index wheelimparting 80 degrees rotation to the cam wheel, thereby causing one ofthe knives |04 to operate.
Cam wheel |43 is keyed to a shaft |45 which is journaled in the framestructure I4 and carries a gear |46. This gear operates the cutting rollthrough a chain of gears |41, |48, |49, |50 and To prevent rotation ofshaft |45 between cutting periods, a cam-locking wheel |52 is keyed toshaft 36 of the index wheel, and this cam wheel engages depressedportions |54 in a cooperating cam-locking wheel |53 which is keyed toshaft |45. When the cam rollers |42 rotate into a positionto operate thecam wheel |43, the cam-locking wheel |53 is released from engagementwith cam-locking wheel |52 by rotation of the depressed portions |55 ofthe latter into a position adjacent the cam-locking wheel |53. After 90degrees rotation the two cam-locking wheels |52 and |53 again engage tostop rotation of the cutting knives. It will be understood that acam-locking wheel 52 will be employed which has anumber of depressedportions |55 equal to the number of cam rollers |42.
The length of packages produced by the machine does not depend upon thespeed of the web therethrough, and the speed of the web is notnecessarily changed upon a change in the package length. Package lengthisr controlled by the number and length of cardboard sections insertedin the web. If it is desired to produce a relatively ong package, onlyone gripper finger may be em loyed. In such case, only one cam roller ismounted on the index wheel, whereby the cutting mechanism operates onlyonce for each revolution of the gripper units. It is also in thedrawings, the machine is set for the production of a package having aIlength requiring three gripper fingers on the gripper disks, a similarnumber of cam rollers being mounted on the index wheel, and cams |52 and|53 being ernployed with three depressions.
/In order to feed a cardboard backing member for each gripper fingeremployed on the gripper disks, a cam |56 having a number of equallyspaced depressed portions equal to the number of gripper lingers on thegripper disks is keyed to shaft 36. This cam operates a cam follower |51which imparts reciprocal motion to the lever arm |58, the latter beingpivoted to the frame at |59, and having its free end secured to a bar|60. This bar operates a crank arm |6| which rotates shaft |62 to whichthe reciprocating dog 41 is attached by meansf of open ended arms |63.Thus, each time a gripper finger opens up, a cardboard backing `memberis fed into it from the hopper 45.
To drive the mechanism described heretofore, any suitable means may beemployed. As shown in the drawings, a main drive shaft |65 has a gear|10 meshing with gear |1| on shaft |12. The latter shaft is providedwith a sprocket |13 and chain |14 which drivesshaft |15 through sprocketwheel |16. The opposite end of shaft |15 has a gear |11 and a pivotedarm |18, the position of the latter being controlled by nut |19 and slot|80. A gear |8| is journaled in arm |18 and drives a larger gear |82which is keyed to shaft 36 of the gripper disks and index wheel.
Gear 11 also meshes with an idler gear |83 which drives a second idlergear |84. The latter gear has connected to it a bevel gear |05 whichtransmits power through a similar bevel gear |86 to a vertical shaft|81. To the lower end of shaft |81 is attached a bevel gear |88, andthis gear drives horizontal shaft |89 through a similar bevel gear |90.Shaft |89 has a bevel gear |9| keyed to it in order to drive, throughbevel gear |92, a short vertical shaft |93. Shaft |93 has a bevel gear|94 meshing with a bevel gear |95 on shaft to which is connected gear|96, the latter serving to drive gear |91 keyed to an exten- `sion oftension roll 92. Gear |91 drives a similar gear |98 on drive roll 95,and also meshes with an idler gear |99, which drives gear 200 on theshaft |02 of lower roller 0|. Gear 200 meshes with a similar gear 20| onshaft l|00 of roller 99.
Shaft |02 is provided with a sprocket wheel 202 and a chain 203 meshingtherewith, the chain acting to drive an idler gear 204 which impartsrotation to shaft 5| of draw roll 49 by means of gear 205. Gear 205drives a similar gear 206 on shaft 50 of roll 48. Gear 204 also mesheswith gear 201 on lower shaft 55 of lower draw roll 53. Shaft 54 of upperdraw roll 52 is driven by gear 208 meshing with gear 201. Gear 201drives an idler gear 209 which in turn drives gear 2|0 keyed to shaft 59of the lower tape driving roller 66. The upper tape driving roller isdriven by gear 2|| on shaft 6| meshing with gear 2|0. Gear 2|0 alsodrives af larger gear 2|2 which is connected to the shaft ofthe lowerglue wheel 84. anw
Idler gear |84 meshes with gear 2| 3 keyed to drive shaft 2|4, thisshaft passing through and being journaled in housing members 2|5 and 2|6to provide rigidity to the shaft. At the opposite end of shaft 2|4 agear 2|1 keyedv thereon meshes with an idler gear 2|8. The idler gear2|8 drives a larger gear 2|9 which is connected to the housing 220 of adifferential device. The outer end of this housing is rotatably mountedabout differential shaft 22|.
To an extension 222 of differential shaft 22| is connected a relativelylarge worm gear 223. The shaft 22| is ordinarily locked against motionby a worm 224 meshing with the worm gear 223, the worm being mounted ona shaft 225 and controlled by a hand lever 226. For this reason, all ofthe motion of differential housing 220 is transmitted, throughdifferential gears 221, 228, 229 and 230, to an extension of shaft 32 towhich gear 230 is keyed, the shaft 32 lrotating twice for each rotationof the differential housing. It will be understood that by properdirectional rotation of worm 224 vand consequently shaft 22|, the speedof rotation of shaft 32 may be temporarily increased or decreased.
In producing packages of the type described, it is frequently desirableto print the cellulose web prior to the formation of the package. Thatis, the package is produced from a web of cellulose sheeting having aprinted design at properly spaced intervals. It is therefore necessaryto insert thel carboard backing members in association with the sheetingin such a manner that the printing will be properly positioned withrespect tothe backing and cut-off; As discrepancies are bound to arisewith this sort of material, the errors which normally arise would makeeconomical production of the packages impossible without special meansfor providing compensation.
In accordance with my invention, if the design gets out of properassociation in the package, it may be brought back into properassociation by manipulation of hand lever 226. That is, motion of thehand Wheel is transferred to gears 221, 228, 229 and 230 of thedifferential device, and the normal speed of the lower draw roll isincreased or decreased, as the case may be, without affecting the speedof the cutting and cardboard inserting units of the machine. Thecellulose web is` thereby retarded until in proper association, orspeeded up until in proper association.
To drive the upper draw roll, a gear 23| on shaft 32 is made to meshwith a similar gear 232 on shaft 3| of the upper draw roll.Consequently, a change of speed of the lower roll by manipulation of thedifferential device is accompanied by a similar change in the speed ofthe upper roll.
As stated heretofore, the present description is for purposes ofillustration and explanation of a preferred embodiment of my invention.It will be understood by one skilled in the art that many variations maybe made, and all variations and modifications which come within thespirit of my invention are intended to be included in the appendedclaims.
I claim:
l. In a machine of the type described, means for feeding a continuousweb of a cellulose material, means for folding over the outer edges ofsaid web, means for unfolding said edges, means for inserting cardboardbacking members between said edges at spaced intervals, means foradheaively securing said edges to said cardboard members, and means forsevering said cellulose material between adjacent cardboard members.
2. In a machine of the type described, a bellows tube former, means foradvancing a web through said former to produce a bellows tube having itsfree edges folded inwardly, means for opening said free edges, acardboard feeding mechanism; means for applying longitudinal lines ofglue to cardboard backing members fed by said feeding mechanism, gripperdisks having gripper fingers for receiving cardboard backing members fedby said mechanism, said disks being operative to transfer said backingmembers to a position between the opened free edges of said web, meansfor releasing said members when in such position, cutting means forsevering said web, and means responsive in accordance with the action ofsaid gripper iingers for controlling the action of said cutting means.
3. In a device of the type described, a web feeding means, means forassociating cardboard backing members with said web at spaced intervals,said associating means being adjustable to accommodate backing membersof different lengths, cutting means for severing said web betweenadjacent cardboard members, and means driven by said associating meansfor operating said cutter, said last named means being adjustable inaccordance with the adjustment of said associating means.
4. In a device of the type described, means for progressing a web ofcellulose material, means for associating cardboard backing members withsaid web in spaced relation, means for severing said web betweenadjacent backing members. and means for adjusting the speed of said webindependent of the speed of said associating and cutting means.
5. In a device of. the type described, means for progressing a web ofcellulose material..
means for associating backing members with said web in spaced relatin,means for severing said 'web between adjacent backing members, means formaintaining said web under tension, and independent means for adjustingthe speed of said web progressing means.
6. In a device of the type described, means for progressing a web ofcellulose material, means for associating cardboard backing members withsaid web in spaced relation, said associating means including gripperdisks having a plurality of peripheral openings spaced in such a manneras to receive any number of gripper fingers up to sevenv in equallyspaced relation, gripper nngers for said disks, and a driven shaft' forsaid disks, cutting means for severing said web between adjacentcardboard backing members, and means for operating said cutting means inaccordance with the operation of said-associating means, said 4lastnamed means including an index wheel mounted on the shaft of said inaccordance with the spacing of the openings in said gripper disks, camrollers mounted in certain of the openings in said index wheelcorresponding to the opening in said gripper disks in which said gripperngers are mounted, a Geneva mechanism operated by said cams, and meansresponsive to said Geneva motion for actuating said cutter.
7. In a device of the type described, means for progressing a web ofcellulose material, means for associating backing members with said web,means for adjusting the frequency of such association independently ofthe speed of said web, cutting means for severing said web betweenadjacent backing members, means independent of said web progressingmeans for operating said cutting means ln accordance with the adjustmentof said associating means, and means for adjusting the speed of said webprogressing means independently of said associating and cutting means.
8. In a device of the type described, means for forming a bellows foldhaving inwardly folded free edges in cellulose material, means foroutwardly folding said free edges, means for inserting a backing memberbetween said outwardly folded edges, and means for securing saidoutwardly folded edges to said backing member.
9. A method of forming packages which comprises progressing a web ofrelatively thin nexible material, continuously forming a bellows foldwith inwardly extending free edges in said web, continuously foldingsaid edges outwardly, intermittently depositing backing members'betweensaid outwardly folded edges at spaced intervals, securing said edges tosaid member, and severing said web between adjacent backing members toform individual packages.
' 10. In a machine of the type described, means for advancing acontinuous web having a design printed thereon at spaced intervals,means for associating cardboard members with said web, compensatingmeans for adjusting the relative position between said cardboard membersand said web so as to deliver said cardboard members in predeterminedposition with respect to the printed design on said web, and means forsevering said web between adjacent cardboard members along a line spacedfrom adjacent ends thereof.
11. In a device of the type described, means for progressing a web ofmaterial, means for forming opposed bellows folds in said web, means forassociating a sheet of another material on the inside of the free edgesof said web and in overlapped relation thereto, and means for securingthe inner portionsof the free edges of said web with the outer portionof said sheet.
WEB W. MCCAIN.
| 2024-03-22 | 1933-01-23 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1936-12-08"
} |
US-410614D-A | Christian steiner
(No Model.) I
U. STEINER.
MACHINE TAP AND DRILL.
No. 410,614. Patented Sept. 10, 1889.
. whichtool, or the tap,
Ni'rn STATES CHRISTIAN STEINER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
MACHINE TAP AND DRILL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of letters Patent No. 410,614, datedBeptember 10, 1889.
Application flied Karol: 9, 1889. No. 302,696- (No model-l To all whomit may concern:
. Beit known that I, CHRISTIAN STEINER, a citizen of Switzerland, atpresent residing in the city, county, and State of New York, haveinvented and made certain Improvements in Machine Taps and Drills; and Ihereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, reference being had to the drawings formingpart of the same.
My invention has for its object the combining in one tool both atwist-drill for forming the hole and a threaded tap for cutting a threadin the hole when drilled, so that the drilling of the hole and thethreading of the same may be done by the same tool without removing thetool until the continuous operation is completed.
I am aware that drills combined in one tool previous to my invention fordrilling gas and water pipes, in which the drill was formed upon the endof a tap and had no shank or blank space on the drill for the purpose ofguiding and holding the drill solidly in the hole independent of thecutting-edges. 4
My invention consists in forming the tapthreads upon the shank of atwist-drill,which has spiral grooves in its sides for carving off thechips, and is provided with parallel sides above the cutting point orend of the drill to guide and hold the drill steady while boring, and inbeginning the threads on the upper portion of the edges of these spiralgrooves, where the taper part of the tap .begins, and in forming the tapproper above these grooves.
In order that persons skilled in the art may understand, construct, anduse my invention, I will proceed to describe it, referring to thedrawings forming a part of this schedule, in
and taps have been Figure 1 is a side view, and Fig. 2 a sectional viewon line a: y of Fig. 1.
A is the threaded portion of my combined the upper portion of whichpresents tapteeth cut by grooves made substantially in line with thecenter line of the drill and tap, while the lower portion of the teethof the thread, as seen at a, are formed upon the sides of the spiralgrooves of the tap, which begins to increase in size at this point.
B is the cutting end of the drill, and C is the straight portion of thedrill for guiding and steadying it while drilling and before the tapbegins to do its work. I
D are the spiral grooves folclearance.
E are the tap-teeth, Fig.2.
The operation of my invention is as follows: The point of the dri l ispressed against the material to be drilled and the drill is revolved byhand or by machinery. The cutthe tool is reversed in motion and drawnout preparatory to another operation.
Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new and usefulis 1. The combination, substantially as hereinbcfore set forth, of atwist-drill provided, as described, with a tapping device above and inconnection with the spiral portion of said drill, and parallel sideslocated between the tapercutting-edges and the tapping-teeth, allarranged and operating substantially as set forth.
2. In atwist-drill, the combination of a tap having aportion of itsthreads upon the spiral grooved portion of the drill.
CHRISTIAN STEINER.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1889-09-10"
} |
US-44371654-A | Three-phase lipstick composition
THREE PHASE LRPSTICK COMlvJSITlQN No Drawing. Application July 15, 1954Serial No. 443,716
Claims. ct. 1457-85 This invention relates to improvements in lipstickcompositions in which the color is both a stain of and a pigmenulikematerial bonded to the lips, rather than only a coated stain of the lipsor a colored coating on the lips- Important present consumerrequirements for a lipstick are that it be non-injurious, tasteless andodorless, that it be easy to apply, that it color the lips uniformly tothe desired intensity in a given shade, that it provide a smoothappearance and give a sensation of smoothness to the lips, that itprovide some protection against weather conditions causing chapped lipsbut without appearing heavy or thick or giving a caked appearance to thelips, that it be hard enough, to use in stick form in .the usualcontainers without cracking or crumbling, and that it produce a goodluster or sheen without giving a greasy appearance or sensation totouch. Other important requirements are that there be a minimumtransferfrom the lips, of color of any kind to other objects such as textiles,glassware, etc. and to other persons, and that the color be sufficientlypermanent to minimize the need for re-applying lipstick or to minimizethe amount of lipstick required to repair damage to the coating bynormal usage.
It is also desired that the lipstick itself have the same color shadeand intensity throughout the Whole range of color used, as is producedon the lips, and regardless of the thickness of the coating applied, andthat the color be uniform throughout the entire stick.
Two types of lipsticks are now in general use; namely, the conventionaltype and the so-called super stain type. The conventional type ischaracterized by its base of only waxes, oils and fats in which acoloring material is dispersed, thus providing .a composition which is asingle phase product. The so-called super-stain lipstick differs fromthe conventional type by addition to the wax-oilfats base of a dyesolvent which does not belong to the class of oils, fats or waxes, andwhich is usually a glycol or glycol derivative. Hence the super-stainlipstick might be considered a two phase product.
Both types of lipsticlts stain the lips and both types contain pigmentsuniformly and permanently dispersed throughout the base. .However, thestaining of the lip tissues by the conventional lipstick is relativelyweak and removalof even a small portion of the pigmented lipstick basemass undesirably affects the appearance of the made-up lips. In theso-called super-stain lipstick, staining of the lips is sufficientlyintense so that much of the pigmented base may be blotted off whileretaining good coloration of the lips, but the lips do not then have anycoating Whatever.
However, each of the two types of lipstick has serious drawbacks. Theconventional type leaves very undesirable stains on glasses, towels,cigarettes, etc., whereas, the so-called super-stain type has anunnatural trans parent lookafter blotting, and the very desirable waxfilm is lost. If the super-stain type is used without blotting itactually transfers more stain to other objects than the conventionallipstick.
.tes atent."
anjintense stain and retaining other color on the lips.
There is however no color transfer during useyto objects "or personstouched by the made-up lips providing the presentlipstickis applied asdirected. This most desirablecffect is produced by the selection ofcolor and a base which makes both the stain and pigment colors movethrough the base towards the lips where the pigments a-iebonded to thelip surface, thus leaving a film which has the desired appearance andcoating qualities but'does not transfer a colored film to objects orpersons touchedthcreby. The present lipstick comprises a base, a dyesolvent or solvents and a carrier. Each of the three components orsub-combinations act as a separate phase even though the solvent and thecarrier may be dispersed in the base. The present lipstick isaccordingly a three phase product. p
7 'It is an object of the present invention to provide a lipstick inwhich a major portion of the color (which term herein includes bothstain and pigment) is bonded directly'on or I to the skin of the lipsand is covered by a coating which may, but is not required, to retainsome of the color as a pigment or with pigment-like characteristics.
Y Another object of the invention is to provide a lipstick composition.in which the desired differences in color shades, color intensity andcolor depth may be obtained overthe entire range of color desired byusers and in which each lipstick itself will have the same colorthroughout its entire mass, as is obtained in the lip stainng andcoating produced by a given lipstick.
Another object of the invention is to provide a permanent type lipstickcomposition in which the materials are all non-injurious or safe,without taste or odor and without undesirable physiological etfects suchas drying 1 the lips.
other liquid phases in the final product.
Anotherv object ofthe invention is to provide a lipstick o fmthepermanent type which is applicable in only slightly different manner andin substantially the same time as iipsjticks now in use and which willhave the same general characteristics so far as the user is concerned,as are now found in both the conventional lipstick and the super-staintype of lipstick, while providing additional properties which arenotpresent in the prior lipsticks.
A further object of the invention is to provide a lipcompositionincluding a dye or dyes of kinds and in forms both to stain the liptissues, and to migrate to the lips for functioning as a pigment and inwhich some color may be kept dispersed throughout the lip coating formodifying the staining of and the pigment deposited on the lips. i
Generally, the present invention involves the use of a lipstick body orbase sub-combination or sub-composition of fatty and waxy materials towhich may be added materials having either or both blending andemollient qualities and materials improving the coating-formingcharacteristics of the lipstick, as the solid phase of the lipstick.Other compounds are used to prevent undesirable physiological. effectsor avoid skin irritations in the use of the lipstick by some persons.The color is produced by acolor or coloring sub-combination orsubcotnpositiori which is, however, a number of liquid phases completelydistinct and separate from the solid base subcomposition. Oneof thecoloring phases is continuous while the other phase is discontinuous butreadily dispersed throughout the solid base phase and the: continuousliquid phase.
ilncidental and as flavoring or perfume and such ingredients may formSuch ingreoptionalingredients may be used, such a toward the lips.
dients are in relatively small quantifies and do not alter thecontinuous and the discontinous character of the two major liquid phasesof the color sub-combination.
D & C and F D & C approved or certified colors or dyes are used, whichare soluble in water, glycerols and glycols. The dyes are not soluble inbut can be dispersed in the solid base or body phase and in one of theliquid phases of the lipstick without change in or decomposition of thedyes. The dyes are at least partially dissolved in a hydrophilicmaterial (strongly attracted to moisture of the lip tissues), andpreferably one of the edible glycerols or glycols or their derivativesto form one major liquid phase in'the lipstick. Insofar as the dye ordyes are not dissolved in the glycerol or glycol solvent phase forstaining the lips, another liquid phase acts as a carrier or vehicle fordispersing the undissolved portion of the dye throughout the lipstickbody and provides a separate liquid phase, the carrier allowing thedye-pigment to migrate toward the lips. The mixture of dyes and thesolvent phase and the carrier phase forms the essential portions of thecolor sub-combination and the several materials are proportioned to giveany desired combined staining and pigmenting effect whereby a coatingmay be substantially translucent or may be opaque dependent on theproportion of dye which was not dissolved and which acts as a pigment,and also dependent on the amount of the pigment-dye carrier used.
The dye-solvent phase is water miscible but immiscible in ornon-compatible with the waxes and other solid phase components and inthe dye-pigment carrier. The carrier phase is not water-miscible and isalso immiscible in the solids phase components. However, the carrier hassufiicient atfinity for skin to cause movement of the color The dyesolvent or solvents and dyepigment carrier or carriers are sufiicientlythin or nonviscous to transfer the dye easily and to penetrate throughthe coating formed by the waxy base. Hence, some of the solvent and someof the carrier may be blotted off the applied coating by the use ofabsorbents such as paper tissues. Being water-soluble or Water-miscible,any solvent remaining or appearing on the coating after blotting, may beremoved by the tongue without damaging the coating. Although the carrieris not water-miscible, it is noninjurious and any residues thereof afterblotting of the applied coating may also be licked oif.
Incidental components or ingredients, such as flavorin'g, perfume or thelike, are not necessary to or essential parts of the present compositionand, when used, must be compatible with both the base sub-combinationand the color sub-combination.
In the final lipstick, the waxes are in generally crystalline form withthe other base solids dispersed throughout the base mass. The dyesolution is to be uniformly distributed throughout the base or body massas a discontinuous liquid phase. The undissolved dye is dispersedthroughout its carrier or vehicle in small particles and functions as apigment. The pigment-carrier forms a continuous phase throughout thelipstick and the dye solution is distributed throughout such continuousphase as separate and randomly spaced globules (a discontinuous phase).
Other liquid ingredients are either part of the continuouscarrier-pigment phase or the discontinuous dyesolution phase dependingon miscibility of such ingredients in either of such two liquid phases,which is the reason such ingredients must be compatible with both thebase and color sub-combination.
The action of the present lipstick is believed to be a movement of bothliquid phases of the color sub-combination toward the lips from allportionsof the applied lipstick coating. Such movement of the dyesolution and the dye-pigment carrier brings both the dissolved dye andthe dispersed pigment-dye (undissolved dye particles) through the solidphase toward the lips. The dye solution comes in contact with the lipswhere the dye and a portion of the water-miscible solvent is absorbed tostain the skin. The undissolved dye-pigments is deposited on the lips orin the coating formed by the base and near the lips. Unabsorbed solventand substantially all of the carrier then move outwardly through thecoating of base solids and may be removed from the outer surface of suchcoating.
In its presently preferred form, the lipstick base or bodysub-composition or solid phase essentially consists of Waxes: Parts byweight Carnauba (melting temp. 83-91" C.) 3-6 Ozokerite (melting temp.7680 C.) 6-12 Paraffin (melting temp. 55 C.) 15-30 Emollient (andblender): lanolin and lanolin absorption base.. 10
Vitamin F 14 Various other waxes may be used, such as beeswax (M. P.62-70 C.), candelilla (M. P. 65-69 C.), ceresin (ozokerite-paraflinmixture, M. P. 54-77 C.), spermaceti (M. P. 41-49 C.), or the like whichare physiologically inert and have suitable melting points when combinedwith the other materials of the present formulation.
The waxes in the base sub-combination are compounded for shaping theentire composition in stick form of sulficient hardness for manufactureand handling but easy to apply to the lips. Higher alcohols (which aresolids) may also be used to secure greater uniformity of colorthroughout the entire lipstick for best appearance of an unusedlipstick. Other materials may be used to provide some plasticizingeffect in avoiding cracking of an applied coating. The lanolin orlanolin derivatives are emollients and also aid in making the lipstickmore homogeneous and in the spreading of a coating of uniform thickness.They also have the properties of reducing or preventing sweating andbloom of the finished product and-of increasing sheen. A lubricant suchas petroleum jelly or one of the other well known materials may be usedto enhance the luster or sheen of the coating.
The present vitamin F is obtained from the germ of various cereal grainsand is processed to be hydrophilic which causes the vitamin to move intocontact with and to set on the lips with the dye rather than being onlydispersed throughout the dye-solution or the pigmentcarrier and beingfinally blotted off the coating. The vitamin F eliminates any tendenciesfor some dye or combinations of dyes to dry and to irritate the lips ofsome persons. 7
It will be understood that the above waxy base or body sub-compositionis water-repellent and that it has no qualities by which a water-solubledye can be transferred to the lips.
The incidental ingredients for the lipstick may be:
Parts by weight Perfume 0.52%. Flavor (vanilliu) To flavor. Theperfumeand flavor are preferably mixed with the base or body to avoid lossesthereof, but may be mixed with the color sub-composition if so chosen asto be without efiect on the color sub-composition. I
A preferred composition of the lipstick coloring subcombination orsub-composition consists essentially of:
Parts by weight Dye (D & C and F D & C certified, water soluble orsoluble in aqueous alkaline solution):
FD&Cred, No.3 6 D & C red, No. 27 3 D J C red, No. 21 3 D & C orange,No. 5 3 Solvent for the dye: proplylene glycol 15 Blender (for solid andliquid phases) and Pigment carrier: oleyl alcohol (solidification temp.
Ii .J The above dyes and other dye'ssuch as:
FD&Cred,No.1,2and4 F D & C orange, No.1 i F D & C yellow, No. 1, 2,5and, 6 F D & C green, No. 1, 2 and 3 PD & C blue, No. 1 and 2 may beused to obtain exactly the desired shade for use by diiferent personsunder different light conditions. The various dyes are blended to thedesired shade as is well known by persons in the cosmetic industry. Thequantity of the several dyes may be varied as desired but the totalamount of the dyes is determined by the color intensity desired.
Other glycerols and glycols or combination thereof which are liquid at35 C. or below, may be used as the dye solvent in the amount of 15 to 25parts by Weight. it is, however, necessary to the present invention thatthe dye solvent or solvents be immiscible with but dispersable in thelipstick base or body and that they be hydrophilic. Other pigmentcarriers may be used such as the esters of polyhydric alcohols, e. g.propylene glycol monolaurate. The various carrier equivalents may not besolvent for or reactive with the dye, or miscible with the lipstick bodyphase or the dye solvent phase. The carrier must have some affinity forhuman skin, and both the dye-solvent and the pigment-carrier arepreferably nonvolatile.
From the parts by weight of the ingredients set forth previously theproportional ranges of the composition in weight percent is a follows:
Percent Wax 14.1-26.1 Dye solvent 55.1-16.7 Dye 7.2-9.4 Carrier70.6-47.8
When using lanolin and vitamin F the proportional ranges of theingredients in the lipstick composition are as follows in weightpercent:
In manufacture, certain precautions must be observed to obtain asuccessful product. The dye (or dye combination previously mixed to givethe desired color shade and intensity) is mixed with and dissolved inthe glycerol or glycol solvent and with or without agitation. Theproportions of the dye or dyes and the solvent are such as to retain aportion of the dye in undissolved but very finely divided form, and thedye-solution and suspension is then uniformly distributed or dispersedin the carrier. The quantity of undissolved dye depends on whether theapplied coating is to be only translucent or substantially opaque. Theundissolved dyes act as pigments and, unless uniformly dispersed in thecombined liquid phases, would be difficult to disperse in the solid basephase sufficiently for uniform coloring of the finished lipstick and ofthe applied coating.
The base Waxes, with such optional materials as blender, emollient,vitamin F and any other solid phase incidental base ingredients aremelted and stirred, milled or otherwise treated to secure uniformity ofmixture. The base composition is then cooled to a temperature notharmful to the dyes, the cooling being preferably done under suchconditions as to prevent or minimize segregation of base ingredients.
The base and coloring sub-compositions are then mixed and cooledfurther, in such manner as to obtain a fairly uniform composition. Thecooled mass is then ground in a roller mill or other suitable cosmeticmill to uni- 6 i formity of color and texture so that the colorsub-cornposition is in fact uniformly dispersedin the base sub.-composition as far as possible by practical compounding conditions. Whenas completely uniform in all respects as seems practical, the mass has amelting point sufficiently high to withstand normal ambient temperaturesand can be reheated without segregation. or separation of theingredients and to a sufficiently liquid condition for pouring intomolds.
No particular precautions, such as quickly chilling of the molds, areneeded to avoid crystallization, segregation or separation of some ofthe materials or to avoid solidification of the mass in a granular form.Further, the sticks are readily released from the molds and have asmooth finish so that fire-polishing of the sticks is unnecessary. i p
A number of different certified consumer tests have been made by theresearch laboratory associated with the assignee of the presentapplicant, for comparative evaluation of a widely used lipstick of thesuper-stain type and a composition following the present formulation atleast as to the base waxes and the color sub-composition, some of theoptional materials being omitted in some samples. The test instructionsimposed more severe conditions than the ordinary and usual conditions oflipstick use.
In applying the present lipstick, the best results are obtained if thelips are moistened before the lipstick is applied. Two or three minutesshould elapse after applying the lipstick, whereupon the major portionof the pigment carrier and some of the dye-solvent will have risenthrough the waxy layer and can be blotted off. When the liquids havebeen blotted off, it is found that there is little or no color on theblotting tissue and that the apparent coloring of the coating is intenseand uniforms For the preferred composition, the quantity of dye is sochosen that only a small quantity thereof is insoluble, wherefore thecoating is substantially translucent and substantially all of thecoloring is immediately on the lips. But larger quantitiesof dye may beused to obtain a colored and opaque coating, thus Combining. the coatedappearance produced by a lipstick using only pigments and the effect ofa lipstick giving only direct staining of the lips to avoid markeddilference in appearance if the coating becomes patchy or is removed insome areas.
A requirement of the dye or dye-.mixture used, is that the undissolveddye portion be in the form of independent and individual particles whichdo not adhere to one another or conglomerate into a pasty mass. Suchpaste would have undesirable tar-like characteristics preventing uniformcoloring of the stick itself and of the applied coating and wouldprevent use of the stick itself as a guide in selection of the colordesired by the user. The dyes should not be retained to any materialextent in the base, if transfer or loss of the 0101' is to be avoidedupon contact of the lips with other objects. The dyes should besubstantially insoluble in the base and must be attracted to and mustbond to the lips. Hence, water-soluble dyes are used of which theparticles will not adhere to one another, will not dissolve in the baseto any considerable extent and which will migrate toward and bond to thelips.
The present lipsticks are not affected by air and need not be kepttightly enclosed as is the case with certain Iipsticks of Frenchmanufacture. Usage of the present composition over the normal life of alipstick, shows that no special precautions are necessary in use, whichis contrary to directions for using the French lipsticks having alip-staining action.
I claim:
1. A lipstick composition, consisting essentially of about 14.1% to26.1% by weight of a wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba,ozokerite, paraffin, candelilla, ceresin, spermaceti, and mixturesthereof,
about 7.2% to 9.4% of a dye to provide the composition with color andpigment, about 8.1% to 16.7% of a hydrophilic dye solvent characterizedby being a liquid below 35 C; and selected from the group consisting ofglycerols and glycols, said dye solvent being present in a quantity lessthan required for solution of said dye, and 47.8% to 70.6% by weight ofa thin liquid carrier immiscible with both said wax and said dye solventand selected from the group consisting of oleyl alcohol and propyleneglycol monolaurate and characterized by having sufficient fluidity tofacilitate application of the lipstick to the skin and to bleed out ofthe wax base phase after application to the skin where the same can bewiped away and thereby leave a hard wax deposit on the skin.
2. A lipstick composition consisting essentially of about 14.1% to 26.1%by weight of a wax selected from the group consisting of carnauba,ozokerite, paraffin, candelilla, ceresin, spermaceti and mixturesthereof, about 7.2% to 9.4% of a dye to provide the composition withcolor and pigment, about 8.1% to 16.7% of a hydrophilic dye solventcharacterized by being a liquid below 35 C. and selected from the groupconsisting of glycerols and glycols, about 4.8% to 5.8% of lanolin,about 0.5% to 2.3% of vitamin F, and 47.8% to 70.6% by weight of a thinliquid carrier immiscible with both said wax and said dye solvent andselected from the group consisting of oleyl alcohol and propylene glycolmonolaurate and characterized by having sufficient fluidity tofacilitate application of the lipstick to the skin 1 and to bleed out ofthe wax base phase after application to the skin Where the same can bewiped away and thereby leave a hard wax deposit on the sltin.
* 3. In combination with a two phase lipstick composition having acrystalline wax phase and a water soluble 5 hydrophilic dye solventphase characterized by being a liquid below 35 C. and selected from thegroup consisting of glycols and glycerols, a third separate phasecomprising a thin oily material immiscible with both the wax phase andsaid dyesolvent phase and being present in an amount of 47.8% to 70.6%by weight of the three phase composition, said oily material beingselected from the group consisting of oleyl alcohol and propylene glycolmonolaurate, and characterized by having sufiicient fluidity tofacilitate application of lipstick to the skin and to bleed out of thewax phase after application to the skin where the same can be wiped awayand thereby leave a hard wax deposit on the skin.
4. In combination with a two phase lipstick composition having acrystalline Wax phase selected from the group consisting of carnauba,ozokerite, parafiimcandelilla, ceresin, spermaceti and mixtures thereofand having a water soluble hydrophilic dye solvent phase characterizedby being a liquid below 35 C. and selected from the group consisting ofglycols and glycerols, a third separate phase comprising a thin oilymaterial immiscible with both the wax phase and said dye solvent phaseand being presentin an amount of 47.8% to 70.6% by weight of the threephase composition, said oily material being selected from the groupconsisting of oleyl alcohol and propylene glycol monolaurate.
i 5. In combination with a two phase lipstick composition having acrystalline wax phase and a water soluble hydrophilic dye solvent phasecharacterized by being a liquid below 35 C., and selected from the groupconsisting of glycols and glycerols, a third separate phase comprisingathin oily material immiscible with both the wax phase and said dyesolvent phase and being present in an amount of 47.8% to 70.6% by weightof the three phase composition, said oily material being selected fromthe group consisting of oleyl alcohol and propylene glycol monolaurate.
References Cited in the filc of this patent Hilfer: Drug and Cos. Ind,vol. 65, November 1949, pp. 518-519.
Incl. Chemist, August 1941, p. 205.
Thomssen: Mod. Cos., 3rd ed., 1947, pp. 297 and 307.
Am. Perfumer and Ess. Oil Rev., October 1952, p. 259.
Harry: Modern Cosmeticology, 3rd. ed., 1947, pp. 90-92.
1. A LIPSTICK COMPOSITION, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 14.1% TO26.1% BY WEIGHT OF A WAX SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CARNAUBA,OZOKERITE, PARAFFIN, CANDELILLA, CERESIN, SPERMACETI, AND MIXTURESTHEREOF, ABOUT 7.2% TO 9.4% OF DYE TO PROVIDE THE COMPOSITION WITH COLORAND PIGMENT, ABOUT 8.1% TO 16.7% OF A HYDROPHILIC DYE SOLVENTCHARACTERIZED BY BEING A LIQUID BELOW 35$ C. AND SELECTED FROM THE GROUPCONSISTING OF GLYCEROLS AND GLYCOLS, SAID DYE SOLVENT BEING PRESENT IN AQUANTITY LESS THAN REQUIRED FOR SOLUTION OF SAID DYE, AND 47.8% TO 70.6%BY WEIGHT OF THIN LIQUID CARRIEER IMMISCIBLE WITH BOTH SAID WAX AND SAIDDYE SOLVENT AND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF OLEYL ALCOHOL ANDPROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOLAURATE AND CHARACTERIZED BY HAVING SUFFICIENTFLUIDITY TO FACILITATE APPLICATION OF THE LIPSTICK TO THE SKIN AND TOBLEED OUT OF THE WAX BASE PHASE AFTER APPLICATION TO THE SKIN WHERE THESAME CAN BE WIPED AWAY AND THEREBY LEAVE A HARD WAX DEPOSIT ON THE SKIN. | 2024-03-22 | 1954-07-15 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1959-02-10"
} |
US-3044660-A | Phosphorus compounds
United States Patent Ofiice 3,011,000 Patented Nov. 28, 1961 No.813,327. Divided and this appiication May 20, 1960, Ser. No. 30,446
4 Claims. (Cl. 260-6665) This invention relates to novel phosphoruscompounds. More particularly, it relates to novel ethylenicallyunsaturated secondary phosphine compounds. This application is adivision of patent application S.N. 813,327, filed May 15, 1959, nowabandoned.
The technology of phosphorus polymers has heretofore remained relativelyundeveloped. However, phosphorus polymers are growing increasinglyattractive for use in specialized applications wherein their novelproperties may be advantageously utilized.
it is an object of this invention to provide novel phosphorus compounds.
Another object is the provision of novel secondary phosphine compoundscontaining ethylenic unsaturation and a process for their manufacture.
A further object is the provision of a new class of polymerizablephosphorus monomers.
These and other objects are attained by reacting substantially equimolarproportions of an alkali metal salt of a primary organophosphine and anethylenically unsaturated organic halide as hereinafter describedin asubstantially oxygen-free reaction system wherein at least one of thereactants is dissolved in an inert solvent.
The following examples are given in illustration of the invention andare not intended as limitations thereon. Where parts are mentionedthey'are parts by weight.
Example I Thirteen parts (about 0.1 mol) of sodio-phenylphosphine areslurried in 75 ml. of absolute ether in a stirred reactor equipped witha reflux condenser. The mixture is placed under a nitrogen atmosphereand a solution of 11 parts (about 0.1 mol) of Z-chloroethyl vinyl etherdissolved in 50 ml. of absolute ether is slowly charged to the reactor.The reaction is started at about room temperature, but the heat ofreaction raises the temperature of the reaction system to reflux (circa35 C.) and the ether is distilled oii, using an external source of heatto drive off any residual ether present after the reaction ceases. Theremaining fluid is vacuum distilled to purify the product which is acolorless liquid containing about 17.3% of combined phosphorus byWeight. Infrared analysis reveals absorption characteristic of ethylenicunsaturation as well as of ether linkages and of phosphorusphenyl andphosphorus-hydrogen linkages, indicating the product to be2-(phenylphosphino)ethyl vinyl ether.
Example 11 Ten parts (about 0.1 mol) of lithio-secondarybutylphosphineare slurried in 50 ml. of toluene in a stirred reactor. This mixture isplaced under a nitrogen atmosphere and a solution of 16 parts (about 0.1mol) of 4- chloro-n-butyl isopropenyl ether dissolved in 75 ml. oftoluene is slowly charged to the reactor. The reaction is started atabout room temperature, but the heat of reaction raises the temperatureof the reaction system to about 50 C. After all of the 4-chloro-n-butylisopropenyl ether solution has ben charged, the toluene is removed bydistillation under a nitrogen atmosphere. The remaining fluid is vacuumdistilled to purify the product which is a liquid containing about 14.9%of combined phosphorus by Weight. Infrared analysis reveals absorptioncharacteristic of ethylenic unsaturation as well as ofphosphorus-hydrogen and of ether linkages, indicating the product to be4-(secondarybutylphosphino)-nbutyl isopropenyl ether.
The ethylenically unsaturated organic halides employed in the practiceof this invention are omega-halogenatedalkyl-vinylidene etherscorresponding to the general formula:
In this formula, 11 is an integer of from 16, X is either bromine,chlorine or iodine and each R may be, independently, either a hydrogen,a methyl or a phenyl radical. I
Therefore, the 2-chlorothyl vinyl ether and the 4- chloro-n-butylisopropenyl ether employed in the examples may be replaced, for example,with one of the following omega-halogenated-alkyl-vinylidene others withequivalent results: vinyl others such as chloromethyl vinyl ether,2-bromoethyl vinyl ether, 3-cl1loro-n-prop'yl vinyl ether,4-iodo-n-butyl vinyl ether, S-bromo-n-pen'tyl vinyl ether,6-chloro-n-hexyl vinyl ether, l-chloroethyl vinyl ether,2-bromo-isopropyl vinyl ether, phenyl-bromm methyl vinyl ether,l-chlortr-l-phenyl-methyl vinyl ether, l-methyl-Z-bromo-ethyl vinylether, 2-chloro-n-propyl vinyl ether, 2-bromo-2-phenyl-ethyl vinylether, 2-methyl- 3-chloro-n-propyl vinyl ether, 4-bromo-4-phenyl-n-butylvinyl ether, 2,4-dimethyl-4-chloro-n-pcntyl vinyl ether, etc.isopropenyl ethers such as bromomethyl isopropenyl ether, 2-chl0roethylisopropenyl ether, 3-iodon-propyl isopropenyl ether, 4-bromo-n-butylisopropenyl ether, 5- chloro-n-pentyl isopropenyl ether, 6-iodo-n-hexylisopropenyl ether, l-bromoethyl isopropenyl ether, 2-chloro-isopropylisopropenyl ether, 1-phenyl-3-chloro-n-propyl isopropenyl ether,2,3-dimethyl-4 bromo-n-buty1 isopropenyl ether,1-phenyl-3,5-dimethyl-6-chloro-n-hexyl isopropenyl ether, etc.; andstyryl others such as chloromethyl alphaphenylvinyl ether, 2-bromoethylalpha-phenylvinyl ether, 3-iodo-n-propyl alpha-phenylvinyl ether,4-br0mo-n-butyl alphaphenylvinyl ether, 5-iodo-n-pentylalpha-phenylvinyl ether, 6-chloron-hexyl alpha-phenylvinyl ether,l-phenyl- 2-chloroethyl alpha-phenylvinyl ether, l-chlo-ro-isopropylalpha-phenylvinyl ether, 3-methyl-4-brgmo-n-pentyl alpha-phenylvinylether, etc. i
The alkali metal salts of primary ogranophosphines employed in thepractice of this invention correspond to the general formula: p
H R-I M" R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from. 1-12 carbon atoms.M is an alkali metal radical, i.e., either a lithium, sodium, potassium,cesium or a rubidium radical. Therefore, in place of thesodio-phenylphosphine and lithiosecondarybutylphosphine employed in theexamples may be substituted, for example, rubidio-ethylphosphine,sodio-ethylphosphine, sodio-isopropylphosphine, potassioandlithio-n-butylphosphine, potassio-n-pentylphosphine, lithio nhexylphosphine, potassio n heptylphosphine, sodio-isooctylphosphine,potassio-decylphosphine, cesiododecylphosphine,sodio-cyclohexylphosphine, etc. with similar results. Such salts arereadily prepared by reacting substantially equimolar proportions of thealkali metal and the appropriate primary or-ganophosphine in a highlypolar but inert solvent, e.g., liquid ammonia or sulfur dioxide, underan inert atmosphere. This type of synthesis is described in greaterdetail by C. H. S. Hitchcock and F. G. Mann in the Journal of ChemicalSociety, June 1958, (429), pp. 2081-2086.
The unsaturated secondary phosphine compounds comactants.
a 3 prising the subject of this general formula:
R R1 H-1 (1)nOC I-=CH2 wherein R and R are radicals as heretoforedisclosed.
These compounds are prepared by reacting substantiallyequimolar'proportions of an'alkali metal salt of a primaryorgano-phosphine and an ethylenically unsaturated organic halide, of theclass heretofore disclosed, under an inert, e.g., nitrogen, atmosphere.The reaction is eifected in the presence of a solvent inert to the re-Suitable solvents include, for example, hydrocarbons such as benzene,toluene, xylene, hexane, cycloheXane, etc. or polar solvents such asether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, liquid ammonia, liquid sulfur dioxide,etc. It is not necessary that both reactants be soluble in the solventemployed. However, it is preferred to employ a polar solvent, or amixture of solvents, inwhich both reactants are soluble. The reactiontemperature employed is usually dictated by practical requirements sincethe reaction proceeds efiiciently at all temperatures. When liquidammonia or sulfur dioxide are employed as the solvent, sub-zerotemperatures below the bolting points of such are generally required.Super-atmospheric pressures may optionally be employed to raise theboiling point of the solvent employed.
The final reaction mixture is comprised of the desired ethylenicallyunsaturated secondary phosphine in admixture with solvent andresidualreactants. Precipitated metal halide is also present. Recovery oftheproduct is accomplished according to conventional techniques. The
precipitated salt may be removed by, e.g., filtration or decantation.The solvent and residual reactants may be removed, for example, bydistillation, either under vacuum orunder an inert atmosphere. Theethylenically unsaturated secondary phosphines so produced are generallyfluids. However, those of higher molecular weight, especially thosecontaining two or more phenyl groups, may be crystalline or waxy solids.
These ethylenically unsaturated secondary phosphines are useful asantioxidants for incorporation into such resinous compositions as e.g.,synthetic or natural rubber, styrene or substituted styrene polymers,vinyl ester polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl. acetate,
etc, acrylic polymers such as polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate,etc. They may also be polymerized to form linear polyphosphines whichare generally flameresistant resins useful as flameproofing agents forpaper, textiles, wood, etc. Such resins may also be molded, extruded orcast as sheets, films, tubing, etc. for, e.g., electrical insulation,fire barriers, surface coatings, etc.
Example III temperature. The resulting solid material is dissolved in150 ml. of a 1:1 by weight mixture of acetone and benzene, whichsolution is then poured into an excess of absolute ether to precipitatethe polymer. A hard, clear,
invention correspond to the H glass-like polymer containing about 17.3%phosphorus by weight is obtained in about 95% yield. This polymer issoluble in acetone and methanol. Upon testing for flammability byholding the polymer in the flame of a Meeker burner until it ignites,the polymer is found to be self-extinguishing.
Example IV A rectangular chip of ponderosa pine measuring about I A X1"X 3" is immersed for 4 hours in ml. of a 50% by weight solution of the2-(phenylphosphino)- ethyl vinyl ether polymer obtained in Example IIIdissolved in benzene. The pine chip is then heated in an air oven at 80C. for about 3 hours to remove all adsorbed solvent. Testing forflammability by holding the pine chip vertically in the flame of aMeeker burner until it ignites, the chip is found to beself-extinguishing.
It is obvious that many variations may be made in the products andprocesses set forth above without departing from the spirit and scope ofthis invention.
What is claimed is:
1. An ethylenically unsaturated secondary phosphine corresponding to thegeneral formula:
wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 6, R is a hydrocarbon radicalcontaining from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and each R is a radicalindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl andphenyl radicals.
2. 2-(phenylphosphino)ethyl vinyl ether.
-3. 4-(secondarybutylphosphino) n butyl isopropenyl ether.
4. A process for preparing an ethylenically unsaturated secondaryphosphine corresponding to the general formula:
which comprises reacting substantially equirnolar proportions of analkali metal salt of a primary organophosphine corresponding to thegeneral formula:
t RP-M and an ethylenically unsaturated organic halide corresponding tothe general formula:
in a substantially oxygen-free reaction system with at least one of thereactants dissolved in an inert solvent; wherein, in each of the aboveformulae, M is an alkali metal radical, X is a halogen radical of thegroup consisting of bromine, chlorine and iodine, n is an integer offrom 1 to 6, R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 12 carbonatoms and each R is a radical independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, methyl and phenyl radicals.
No references cited.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent N00 S OIIOOO November 28,, 1961v Albert Ya Garner It is hereby certified thaterror appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and thatthe said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column I line 68 for "hen" read been -5 oolurnn 2 line l7 for"2-chlorothyl" read 2-ch1or0fathyl line 47,, for "ogranophosphines" readorganophosphines a Signed and sealedfthis 1st day of May 1962,
(SEAL) Attest:
ERNEST we SWIDER D VID L. LADD Attesting Officer v Commissioner ofPatents
1. AN ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED SECONDARY PHOSPHINE CORRESPONDING TO THEGENERAL FORMULA: | 2024-03-22 | 1960-05-20 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1961-11-28"
} |
US-25454239-A | Saw filing apparatus
Patented Sept. l2, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE envases SAW FILINGAPPARATUS Bernd J.
Dirks, Prince Georges County, Md.
Application February 4, 1939, Serial No. 254,542?v 3 Claims. (Cl.'J6-31) (Granted under the act of amended April 30, 1928;
1883, as amended by the act o1 April 30, 1928 (ch. 460, 45 Stat. L.,467).
This invention relates to 'a device for facilitating the hand filing ofsaws.
One of the inaccuracies resulting from the Illing of saws by handformity in their height and spacing.
'Ihe invention has for its ob`ject to prevent elevation of the same, andFig. 3 is an end elevation of the same. Like numerals of referenceindicate the same axis and swing in a horizontal plane with respectMarch is, 1188s,l as 37o o. G. T57
tothe radius rod 5. In lieu of this simple form of the radius rod withthe le any is prevented by the radius rod, holding of the angle of thele entire filing operation is assured.
In operation, the height of the tooth line of tal plane of the radiusrod.
When the ling operationv is one en d of the saw, the radius rod of thebracket is applied to the saw teeth in the tion. As the radius rod 5 5freely slides 3 and the ille usual ling moswings in the eye 4 in the sawteeth is prevented.`
Having thus fully described the invention, I
do not wish to be understood as Hunting myself to the scope of theappended claims.
I claim. 1. A device for facilitating the hand ling of saws, whichincludes a bracket having an eye thereon, a radius rod pivoted in saideye and rotatable thereimand freely slidable in said eye in a directionlongitudinal of the saw, the free commenced at pivotal connection to theiile movement oi' the ofthe saw, and unrestricted movement oi the illeon a transverse horizontal axis provided by the pivoted radius rod andunrestricted movement of the ille on a transverse vertical axis providedlgdthe connection between the nie and the radius Y' the hand illinsmeans for facilitating of the radius rod in a direction the saw, thefree end of the radius rod being bent downwardly at right angles theretofor to restrain the nie from rotating on its longitudinal axis. but topermit the file to freely pivot on a vertical transverse axis, the wholearranged whereby the radius rod being longitudinally slidable permitsfree file longitudinally oi the saw, and unrestricted movement ot theille on a transtransverse the radius rod being longi-l verse horizontalaxis provided bythe pivoted radius rod and unrestricted movement of theille on a transverse vertical axis provided by the' which includes aradius rod, means for establishing a rotating Aand pivoting connectionofthe radius rod and also a sliding connection o! the radius rod in 'adirection longitudinally of the saw and means tor effecting a pivotalconnection between the Afree end of the radius rod and a the ille tofreely pivot on a vertical transverse axis but to restrain the ille fromrotating on -its longitudinal ranged whereby the radius dinally slidablepermits iree movementoi the file longitudinally of the saw andunrestricted movement o! the file ona transverse horizontal axisprovided by the pivoted radius rod and unrestricted movement of the tlieon a transverse vertical axis provided by the connection between theille and the radius rod.
, BERNDLDIRKS.
| 2024-03-22 | 1939-02-04 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1939-09-12"
} |
US-55198944-A | Automatic bleeder for hydraulic lines
Aug. 22, .1950 E. L.- HART 2,519,569
' AUTOMATIC ,BLEEDER FOR HYDRAULIC LINES Filed Aug. 30, 1944 I 2Sheets-Sheet 1 FIE, Z,-
Aug. 22, 1950 E. L. HART 2 5 ,5 9
AUTOMATIC BLEEDER FOR HYDRAULIC LINES Filed Au 50, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2FIE- 5. FIE=.E
INVENTOR. EZmerL/varf BYE.
HTTOP/WYS.
Patented Aug. 22, 1950 AUTOMATIC BLEEDER FOR HYDRAULI LINES Elmer L.Hart, Newark, N. J
-' Application August so, 1944, Serial No. 551,989
This invention relates to bleeders for. hydraulic lines and refers moreparticularly to an automatic bleeder.
It is understood that when air or other gases must be removed fromhydraulic lines a hollow plugis screwed into the line at a point locatedhigh in the line where the gas will have accumulated. This plug has avalve surface on its end, which engages a valve seat to seal the linewhenscrewed home. When it is screwed out a bit both gas and liquid risearound the body of the'plug in a chamber provided for the pur-- pose,and enter transverse holes in the-plug connecting with the centralaxialexhaust hole. Fresh liquid is being fed into the system and whenthe gas has been expelled as will be evident by liquid following it out;the plug is screwed home, sealing the orpeningg'while simultaneously thefeeding of new liquid is discontinued. The
line or system. J v
The process as now practised requires two men, as the point of locationof theplug and of feeding the newliquid are seldointhe same, yet theplug must be closedjust as the flow of new liquid stops. 'If one manopens the plug, leaves above process is widely known-as bleeding the itto turn onthe liquid, then shutsoffthe liquid atthe indicated moment, hefinds'that before he can get back to the mug to screw it home the liquidhas receded and he is back where he started, with air'in'the line;
An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic bleeder,which will close itself the moment the flow of new liquid into the lineceases.
: A. further object is to provide an accessory for use with presentequipment of bleeding plugs, which will give all the advantages ofautomatic operation.
A further object is the provision of such means which shall be small,simple and sturdy.
'Other objectswill become. apparent from the following specification.
In accomplishing the objects of the present invention it: was founddesirable to provide the hollow bleeder plug. of, the prior art withinternal threads and to screw into it a valve body containing a valveseat, ia plunger with a valve surface engaging the seat, a springactuating the plunger and'a headthreaded into the body and engaging thespring for adjusting its pressure. Vents lead out of the valve body onthe outward side of the valve seat, permitting escape of the gases .andliquid from the line.
In o eration the plugisscrewed into its seat 2 in the line and the valvebody is screwed into it. The plug. may then be unscrewed somewhat,
so that the sealing is done by the valve only..
The spring pressure has been set so that the valve will permit. theescape of gas only, or of gas and liquid under a certain minimumpressure. The operator may now safely leave the bleeder mechanism andoperate the liquid feeds After feeding the linemntilyhe observes liquidbleeding outor for a time known from experi-u ence to becorrect, theoperator stops feeding the line, andtheautomatic bleeder closes thebleeding point as soon as the feeding pressure ceases, The operator. maynow return and remove the automatic .bleeder if desired, firsttightening the bleeding plug,
The advantageof this automatic synchronisin of the closingwiththecessation of bleedingis obvious. .It is hard enough for two mento obtain perfect synchronisation, and for one man to dofso, even if thepoints at which the two operations were. to .be carried out were near.enough together, would be extremely difficult: due to the dissimilarityofmovement required simultaneously from his two hands. 2
The invention will appear more clearly from the following detaileddescription When taken in consideration with the accompanying drawings-sho wing, by way of example, a preferred embodiment of theinventive idea. 7
.In the drawings: :Figure 1..is: a vertical longitudinal section of theautomatic bleeder and bleeder plug in posi-- Figure 6 is a verticallongitudinal section of the same.
1 V Figure 7 is across section along the broken line '|--,'I of Figure6.,
Figures. land 3 show a fragment 21 of th hydraulic line, comprising adome 34 for the aC-m:
cumulation of the gas, a passage 33 to the plug chamber 30; a ,,valveslot 3| between the two latter, and .threads-:for the bleeder plug 26.The
bleeder plug has a valve face 32 engaging valve slot 3|, and: an axial"cylindrical bore 28 ex-. tending from the, head to ,a point near thevalve .1
face.- Transverse holes 29 connect this dead end of. the bore to. theoutside of "the plug, leading into-the chamber 30. ,The plug is thusadapted either to seal the hydraulic line, as in Figure 3,
elevation of the automatic 3 or to provide an outlet therefrom viapassage 33, chamber 35, holes 29 and bore 28, as in Figure 4, whichshows the liquid 35 rising in chamber 39 and about to enter holes 29 asindicated by the arrows.
According to the invention bore 28 is tapped to receive threads 24 ofthe automatic bleeder 25, Figures 5, 6, 7. The automatic bleederconsists of the substantially cylindrical body l-3, which narrows to thesmaller cylindrical portion 23 comprising the axial bore 22 adapted toconnect with bore 28. The valve seat 2| is at the top of bore 22 andabove it is counterboredchamber 16 bearing threads l4. Transverse holesI 8 lead from chamber 16 above the valve seat to the exterior of thebody. The adjusting head 8 comprises a cylindrical body 9 withan axialbore I and external threads El engaging threads M of the body [3. In thebore in slides plunger I2 comprises valve head ll. Spring 15 is woundaround plunger l2 and engages iadjusting'hea-d 8 :and' valve head I1,this actuating the latter and particularly valve surface :29 thereofinto engagement with valve seat 21.
Flat surfaces l9, Figures and '7, provide a grip for a wrench.
In operation the bleeder plug 26 of prior art is always screwed home asin Figures 1 and 3 except when bleeding, when it is as in Figures 2 and4. To bleed the Lline using the automatic bleeder, the automaticbleecleris screwed into the. bleeder plug, both bleeder and automatic bleederbeing in closed position asin Figure 1. Preparatory to operation thebleeder is opened as in Figure 2, the automatic bleeder remaining closedas in Figure 1.
The operator may now leave the' bleeding mechanism and apply anew fluidunder pressure into the system. The .flrstsubstance to :be (expelledfrom the system will be :the air or .gas which has collected in the domeI554. The plunger position shown in Figure :1 is still L-the :mostaccurateillustration of this step of the operation, the Valve openingnecessary for the escape of gas being almost infinitesimally small.
'Ihe pressureof spring has been adjusted to be slightly less than thepressure at which the new fluid is fed to the line, so as this feedingpressure continues, the fluid .35 rises in passage 33, chamber 30, holes29, bore 28., and enters :bore 22, encounters valve head I7 and forces:it ba'ck, opening automatic bleeder valve as in Figure 2, which showsthe opening between ya'lve surface and valve seat 21 much exaggeratedfor the sake of clarity. The fluid then .escapesout holes 18 and theoperator observing this cuts oil the pressure of new fluid. Spring 15instantaneously returns surface 20 into engagement withse'a't 2| and thebleeding is complete and the system sealed once more.
- The automatic bleeder is thus disclosed as a type .of pressurereliefvalve adapted to cooperate with the conventional bleeder iplug. Itmay beremoved after the latter has been returned to theclosed positionof Figure 51.
It may also evidently replace the bleeder plug entirely on'stationaryinstallations or wherever conditions permit such a projectionfromtheline. In such casethread 24 would fit the threads in the line 21,and the chamber '30 and valvesurfaces 3|, 32 would beunnecessary.
Whether used as an accessory to "the bleeder plug or. as a replacementof it, it would comprise only four parts, namely body, head, plunger andspring.
It is apparent that the specific illustrations shown above have beengiven by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation, and thatthe structures above described are subject to wide variation andmodification without departing from the scope or intent of theinvention, all of which variations and modifications are to be includedwithin the scope of the present invention.
What is claimed is:
An automatic bleeder for hydraulic lines and the like in combinationwith a bleeder plug, the bleeder plug having an externally threadedcylindrical body portion and adapted for threading into a coactingtapped opening in the hydraulic line, the tapped opening being providedwith a valve seat .at the bottom, the cylindrical body portion furtherhaving a valve body disposed at the bottom thereof coacting with thevalve seat and a longitudinal bore extending from the upper end towardthe lower end, the upper portion of the bore being threaded, andprovided with at least one transverse bore between the longitudinal boreand the exterior; the automatic bleeder comprising a substantiallycylindrical body portion, the diameter of the cylindrical body portionbeing less at the bottom than at the top,the body portion of narrowdiameter being externally threaded and adapted for removable insertionin the threaded bore oithe plug,-the body portion of narrow diameterfurther having an axial bore coasting with the longitudinal bore of theplug when threaded therein, the axial bore terminating at the top in .acoactlng threaded axial bore of greater diameter, a valve seat betweenthe two axial bores and at least one transverse bore leading from theaxial bore of greater diameter to the exterior; the automatic bleederfurther comprising a cylindrical adjusting head, said head comprising asecond substantially cylindrical body portion and adapted to be threadedinto the axial bore of greater diameter of the first cylindrical bodyportion, the head further having a longitudinal bore extending from thebase upwardly, a plunger slida-bly disposed in the bore, a valve bodydisposed at the base of the plunger and adapted to coact with the valveseat in the first cylindrical body portion, .a spiral spring disposedaround the plunger between the valve body and the base of the adjustinghead and adapted to exert a downwardlydirected force inthe valve b dy.
7 ELMER L. HART.
REFEEENCES CITED The following references are of record 'in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
| 2024-03-22 | 1944-08-30 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1950-08-22"
} |
US-48846665-A | Railway motor truck with bolster resiliently mounted
RAILWAY MOTOR TRUCK WITH BOLSTER RESILIENTLY MOUNTED VFiled sept. 2o,1965 R. L, LICH July 16, 1968 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 W M N P. I A r m A P R.L. L ICH July 16, 1968 RAILWAY MOTOR TRUCK WITH BOLSTER RESILIENTLY`MOUNTED 2 Sheets-Sheet P,
Filed Sept. 2C, 1965 INVENTOR HCH/wa fc/f A T T0 R LA; YS
United States Patent Office 3,392,680' Patented July 16, 1968 3,392,680RAILWAY MOTOR TRUCK WITH BOLSTER RESILIENTLY MOUNTED Richard L. Lich,St. Louis, Mo., assignor to General Steel Industries, Inc., GraniteCity, lll., a corporation of Delaware Filed Sept. 20, 1965, Ser. No.488,466 Claims. (Cl. 10S-182) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A railway motortruck in which the vehicle body supports are at the sides and are sopositioned lengthwise of the truck as to provide substantially equaldistribution of the vertical load to the axles, the truck having avertically unloaded vertical axis pivot forming structure centeredtransversely of the truck but olfset lengthwise of the truck from thebody support centers to clear the motor associated with an adjacentaxle. In the preferred embodiment, the body support bearings areupwardly facing surfaces elongated lengthwise of the truck on thesimilarly elongated end portions of a bolster mounted for lateralmovement on rubber pads carried lby the truck frame side members midwaybetween the equalizer springs by which the truck frame is supported onthe axles, the bolster having a transverse portion offset lengthwise ofthe truck from the center of its end portions and including thevertically unloaded pivot forming structure. With this arrangement thenecessary offset of the pivot forming structure will not disturb thedesirable equal distribution of load to the axles. l
The invention relates to railway rolling stock and consists particularlyin an electric railway motor truck with an improved bolster arrangement.
It is advantageous, in multiple axle trucks, to have all the motorsfacing in the same direction lengthwise of the truck, but such placementof the motors in a truck with an even number of axles requires that thespacing of the two axles adjacent the truck center `be spaced apart agreater distance than that occupied by the -motors and their supports,to provide clearance between the adjacent motor facing the center of thetruck and the transverse load supporting bolster at the center of thetruck, the position of the latter being dictated by the requirement thatthe bolster be symmetrically located with respect to the axles.
It accordingly is a main object of the invention to provide an electricrailway motor truck in which the spacing of the two middle axles fromeach other resulting from possible interference between one of themotors and the truck bolster is minimized. A further object is toprovide a lateral motion bolster having simple but effective snubbingmeans.
The lforegoing and additional more detailed objects and advantages willbe achieved 'by the construction described hereinafter and illustratedin the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view o-f an electric railway motor truck embodying theinvention.
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the truck illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view along line 3-3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary longitudinal vertical sectional view along line4 4 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal vertical sectional view,corresponding to FIG. 4, but of a modified bolster lateral motionsupport device.
FIG. 6 is a transverse vertical sectional view along line 6-6 of FIG. 5.
The truck has four wheel and axle assemblies, comprising pairs of angedwheels 1 and .axles 3, 5, 7 and 9, spaced apart from each otherlengthwise of the truck. Journal boxes 11 are rotatably mounted on theends of the axles. A rigid truck frame includes transversely spacedlongitudinally extending side members 13 positioned laterally outboardof wheels 1, and formed with pairs of depending pedestal legs 15embracing and vertically slidably receiving between them journal boxes11. Side members 13 are rigidly connected to each other by a transverseend transom 17, spaced transverse intermediate transoms 19, 21 and 23and transverse end transoms 25. For resiliently supporting frame 13-25,drop equalizer beams 27 are supported at their ends on journal boxes 11of axles 3 and 5, and 7 and 9, respectively, and support, intermediatetheir ends, coil spring groups, which in turn underlyingly support frameside members 13.
Transom members 19, 21, 23 and 25 are each provided with dependingbrackets 31 all projecting in the same direction lengthwise of the truckand supporting noses N of traction motors M, which are journaled on andgeared to axles 3, 5, 7 and 9 in the usual manner.
From FIG. 1 it will be noted that nose N of motor M on axle 5 extendssubstantially to the transverse center line of the truck, transom 21, bywhich this motor nose is supported, `being offset lengthwise of thetruck from the transverse center line of the truck to permit axle 5 tobe positioned as close to the transverse center line as axle 7, thedistance of which from the transverse center line is dictated by otherfactors. Accordingly, with the present arrangement, the distance of themiddle axles from the transverse center line is not dictated by therequirement for motor nose clearance relative to center transom 21.
For transferring the body load to the truck and providing a center aboutwhich the truck can swivel relative to the ybody for operation aroundcurves, and for permitting controlled relative transverse movements ofthe body relative to the truck to prevent the transmission to the bodyof all forces received by the truck frame from lateral irregularities inthe track, transverse bolster 33 is provided. To provide the desiredlateral motion, bolster 33 is supported at its end portions 35 on flatsandwiches comprising horizontal pads 37 of elastomeric material, suchas rubber, interleaved and outwardly bounded with metal plates 39,seated on a widened horizontal top wall 41 of frame side members 13Ibetween axles 5 and 7 and adjacent the ends of center transom 21.
End portions 35 of ybolster 33 are elongated lengthwise of the truck andare formed with transverse vertical end surfaces 43 to which are securedhardened steel chating plates which are normally in slidable engagementwith similar plates 47 on opposing transverse faces 49 of spacedupstanding abutments 51 on truck side members 13.
The top surfaces 52 of bolster end portions 35 are horizontal and aremachined to a smooth finish to slidably support feet 53 depending fromunderframe bolster 55 at each side of the underframe and normallycentered at the balance points B at each side of the truck frame withrespect to its supports from the axles, i.e., on the transverse centerline of the truck which is midway between the equalizer spring groups29, 29 by which the frame is supported on the axles so as to transmitthe body load in equal proportions to the four axles.
To provide for swiveling of the truck relative to the underframe, Iforrounding curves, while avoiding interference with nose N of axle S motorM, the intermediate portion 57 of bolster 33 is offset lengthwise of thetruck from axle 5, and is formed at its center, also offset in the samedirection lengthwise of the truck, with a vertical cylindrical recess59, in which is pivotally received a cylindrical `boss y61 dependingfrom body bolster 55. The bottom of boss 61 is vertically spaced fromthe bottom of recess 59, as is evident in FIG. 3, so that no verticalload is transmitted 'by boss 61 through recess 59, only horizontalforces, i.e., acceleration, retardation and lateral, all vertical loadsbeing transmitted by feet 53 to the top surfaces 52 of bolster endportions 35.
The central portion 57 of bolster 33 is depressed to a substantiallylower level than end portions 35 and is former with laterally outwardlyfacing upright stop surfaces 63 at its sides, and center transom 21 isformed with laterally inwardly facing upright surfaces 65, opposingbolster stop surfaces 63 and normally being laterally spaced from thelatter when the bolster is in its normal laterally centered position onthe truck frame. Frame lateral stop surfaces 65 preferably mount atbumper pads 67 of elastomeric material which are adapted to engagebolster surfaces 63 and resiliently limit lateral movement of the`bolster permitted `by the yieldability in shear of sandwiches 37, 39.
The offset position of the pivot 59, 61 provides a moment arm, extendingfrom the transverse center line of the truck to the pivot center, withwhich lateral forces along the transverse center line of the truckcombine to create a torque urging bolster chating plate 45 intoengagement with cooperating truck frame chang plate 47 thereby providingfriction damping of the lateral movement of the bolster.
Operation of the truck is as follows: With all motors facing in the samedirection, the motor torques tend to stabilize the truck against tiltingabout its transverse axis because they all act downwardly or upwardly inunion on their supporting transoms. Lateral forces transmitted from thetruck through the wheels and axles to the frame are partly absorbed bytransverse movement of bolster 33 on the truck frame. By having theupper surfaces 52 of bolster end portions 35 centered lengthwise of thetruck with respect to the axles, and by having the locomotive feet 53similarly centered when the locomotive is in its normal position ontangent track, the load is equally distributed through truck frame sidemembers 13, equalizer springs 29, and equalizer 27 to axles 3, 5, 7 and9, the longitudinally offset portions of the bolster center portions 57and pivot 59, 61 not affecting the distribution of vertical load. As thebolster moves transversely of the truck frame however, in response tolateral forces, these forces which produce the lateral movement, combinewith their moment arm about the pivot 59, 61 (the distance the pivotcenter is offset lengthwise of the truck from the longitudinal center ofthe truck), to create a torque on the bolster, biasing the bolsterdiagonally and thus increasing on flat tops 41, frame side members 13,and caps 79 posing bolster and truck frame chaing plates 45, 47,depending upon the direction of the lateral force, to produce frictiondamping for the lateral movement of the bolster on elastomericsandwiches 37, 39. Lateral movement of the ybolster is limited byengagement of `bolster lateral stop surfaces 63 with elastomeric bumpers67 on the truck frame.
In the modified form of the invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, instead offlat sandwiches 37, 39, the bolster is supported at each end on a pairof sandwiches of chevron cross section, comprising V-shaped pads 71 ofelastomeric material interleaved with and bounded by similarly V- shapedmetal plates 73. To accommodate the greater depth of chevron sandwiches71, 73 the bottom of bolster end 35 is upwardly recessed as at 75.Sandwiches 71, 73 are mounted between suitably shaped cast seats 77resting on flat tops 41 frame side members 13, and caps 79 mounted inbolster recesses 75, sandwiches 71, 73 being positioned in side by siderelation with their vertices extending transversely of the truck so thatlateral motion of the bolster will be freely accommodated by the shearin the straight laterally extending direction of pads '71, whiletendencies of the bolster to move lengthwise of the truck will beopposed by compression as well as shear resistance resulting from the.inclination of pads 71 lengthwise of the truck. l
The details of the truck may be modified substantially without departingfrom the spirit of the invention, and the exclusive use of suchmodifications as come within the scope of the appendedl claims is"contemplated.
What is claimed is:
1. A railway motor truck comprising wheeled axles spaced apartlongitudinally of the truck, a rigid trucl'ik frame supported at itssides on said axles and mounting at its sides a pair of transverselyspaced vertical-load supporting bearings located at the balancepoints atthe sides of said truck frame with respect to its supports from saidaxles, and a vertically unloaded vertical-axis pivot forming structurecentered transversely of the truck and offset longitudinally from thecenters of said bearings.V
2. A railway motor truck according to claim 1 including a transverseybolster supported on said truck Vframe for limited lateral movement,said bearings and said pivot forming structure comprising a portion ofsaid bolster.
3. A railway motor truck according to claim 2 in which said bolster hasend portions elongated lengthwise of the truck, said bearings comprisingsimilarly elongated top surfaces of said bolster end portions, and atransverse central portion offset lengthwise of the truck from thecenter of said end portions and including at its center said pivotforming structure.
4. A railway motor truck according to claim 3 in which said truck framehas transversely spaced longitudinally extending side members underlyingsaid bolster end portions, pads of elastomeric material carried on saidside members, the end portions of said bolster being seated on said padsfor movement transversely of the truck through distortion of said padsin shear. Y.
5. A railway motor truck according to claim 4, including cooperatingelements on said frame and said bolster for preventing movement of saidbolster lengthwise of said frame.
6. A railway motor truck according to claim 5 in which said cooperatingelements comprise pairs of opposing transverse vertical surfaces on saidbolster and said frame side members.
7. A railway motor truck -according to claim which said pads are at andhorizontally disposed.
8. A railway motor truck according to claim which said pads are ofinverted V-shape with vertices extending transversely of the truck.
9. A railway motor truck according to claim 8 yin which there is a pairof said V-shaped pads at each side of the truck frame, the pads of eachpair being disposed longitudinally of the truck relative to each other.
10. A railway motor truck .comprising a pair of wheeled axles spacedapart longitudinally of the truck, a rigid truck frame supported at eachside on said axles, means spaced apart longitudinally of the truck andsup,- porting said frame on said axles, said frame includingtransversely spaced longitudinally extending side members and atransverse transom connecting said side niembers intermediate said axlesand ofrset lengthwise of the truck from the center of the space betweensaid axles, a transverse bolster supported at its ends on said frameside members and including end portions elongated-longitudinally of thetruck and spaced apart transversely of the truck, and a transverselyextending central portion connecting said end portions and offsetlengthwise ofv said end portions in the same direction as said transom,said bolster central portion overlying said transom and includingvertically unloaded vertical-axis pivot forming structure similarlyoffset from the centers of said bolster end portions, said elongated endportions overlying said frame side members and having upwardly facingload 4 in their 5 6 supporting surfaces elongated longitudinally of thetruck 2,233,541 3/ 1941 Latshaw 105-183 with their centers at thebalance points at the sides of 2,321,845 6/ 1943 Nystrom et aL 105-197said frame with respect to said frame supporting means. 2,925,789 2/1960 Wintemberg 10S-199 3,277,843 10/1966 Horner et al 105-183References Cited 5 3,313,244 4/1967 Koei. UNITED STATES PATENTS2,099,031 11/1937 Neal et al 105 197 ARTHUR L. LA POINT, PrzmaryExamzner. 2,184,102 12/ 1939 Piron 105-182 H. BELTRAN, AssistantExaminer.
2,211,463 8/ 1940 Hobson 267-3
| 2024-03-22 | 1965-09-20 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1968-07-16"
} |
US-16132537-A | Match holder
July 4, 1939. c. E. BERG MATCH HOLDER Filed Aug. 27, '1957 Patented July4, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT ori-ics Application August 27,
13 Claims.
This invention is a device adapted to be removably attached to thestandard commercial type of cigarette package, and so constructed andarranged as to removably support a book of matches of a character whichis now in common use.
One of the objects of the invention is to provide a match carrier ofsimple construction, having a portion capable of being slipped betweenthe outer wrapping of a cigarette package and the label which usuallygirds said package, and another cooperating portion adapted to engage anend of the package, so that the holder is lirmly attached to the latter,one of said portions having means for removably supporting a packet ofmatches. A further object is to provide a holder of the charactermentioned in which theftwo portions are arranged in overlapped relationbut separably connected so that they may be readily applied to andremoved from the package.l A further object is to provide simple meansfor removably supporting a book of matches in a position covering oneside of the package without interfering with the handling of the latteror the dispensing of cigarettes therefrom.
The invention will be hereinafter fully set forth and particularlypointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawing:
Figure l is a perspective view illustrating a commercial type cigarettepackage with the invention applied thereto. Figures 2 and 3 are frontand rear views respectively of one of the two members of the deviceillustrated in Figure 1. Figures 4 and 5 are front and rear views of theother member. Figure 6 Yis a front view illustrating the parts inassembled relation. Figure 7 is an edge view of Figure 6. Figure 8 is alongitudinal sectional view on the line 8 8, Figure 6.
Referring to the drawing, A conventionally illustrates the ordinary typeof commercial cigarette package, which is shown with one corner torn off(as indicated at B), so as to expose the cigarettes C in a mannercommonly practiced by cigarette users. Surrounding the package is alabel D, which is usually in the form of a band which girdles thepackage, and has its ends attached to each other by paste or the like.
The holder of the present invention comprises two separable members Eand F, respectively, each constructed of sheet-like material possessinga certain amount of rigidity, preferably thin sheet metal. The member Eis provided with two laterally spaced tongue-like members II), formed bybending strips of metal back parallel with one tace of the main portionof the member, the edge 1937, serial No. 161,325
' (o1. y20e- 48) of the metal between the tongues being bent over .asindicated at I I, to provide a guard which normally overlaps and restsupon the adjacent end of the package, as clearly illustrated in Figurel. The side edges of the member E are also bent laterally inward overthe other face of member E to provide flanges I2, which are adapted toremovably receive the flexible cover of a book of paper matches of avery well known type now in general use.
The member F is provided with a reduced portion I3 adapted to slidebeneath the flanges I2, and at the lower edge is provided with anangular flange I4 which is adapted to overlap the adjacent end of thepackage A. The edge of the flange I4 is provided with teeth I5 adaptedto engage the adjacent portion of the cover of the package A, so as toprevent slipping of the match holder while engaged to the package.
In order that the two members E and F may be normally and releasablyretained in assembled relation, one of them is provided with slots andthe other with a tongue complemental to the slots to be engagedtherewith for the purpose stated. For purposes of illustration, andwithout intent to limit the invention, the member E is shown with two ofsaid slots indicated by the numeral I6, the wall above each slot andcontiguous thereto being bent slightly inwardly as indicated at II. Themember F is also provided with a similar slot I8 near its upper edge,the offset portion I9 forming a tongue which will be brought intoengagement with either of the slots I6, by any slidable movement tendingto separate the guard II and ilange I4. The upper edge of the member Eis also preferably slightly bowed outwardly, as indicated at 20, so thatthe edge may be readily caught by the finger of the operator to lift thetongue I1 out of engagement with either oi" the slots I6.
In practice, the tongues I0 of the member E are inserted between thelabel D and the pack- .age A by a downward movement from the top of thepackage, the tongues being of suilicient length to extend approximatelythe full length of the package, while the guard II is engaged with thepackage A. The member E is then slid beneath the flanges I2 until theteeth I5 of the flange I4 engage the bottom of the package. The slots I6and I'I of member E are so located that when the parts have reached thepositions above described, the tongue I9 of member F will be inengagement with one of them, so that separation of the two members isnormally prevented. Thus, the package is engaged by the tongues I0,
Il I.)
the guard flange II and the flange I4 by clamping engagement and thedevice cannot be removed without first raising the upper end of themember F suiiiciently to disengage the tongue I9v from the slot I6. Thisis conveniently done by inserting the end of the finger back of thebowed portion 2E, and lifting the top edge of member F outwardly. It isobvious that upon release of the two members from their lockingengagement they may be readily separated by a sliding movement,preparatory to engaging the device with a new package of cigarettes.
The packet of matches indicated at F is retained in place by slipping aportion of the cover thereof beneath the flanges I2 and over theadjacent face of the members E and F, the packet being held in closedposition by passing the edges of the usual friction strip also beneaththe flanges I2, so that when it is desired to use the matches it is onlynecessary to disengage the friction portion from the flanges I2 torelease the packet, permitting it to be opened in a manner to expose thematches for ready access. v
The advantages of the invention will be readily understood by thoseskilled in the art to which it belongs. An important advantage is that avery simple and inexpensive device is provided which may be readilyattached to the usual type of commercial cigarette package, and in suchmanner as to practically become a unitary portion thereof as long as thepackage contains cigarettes. Another advantage is that it stiifens thepackage in such manner that the cigarettes may be readily dispensed inthe .usual manner without any diiiiculty, and after the package isexhausted the device may be readily attached to a fresh package. Afurther advantage is that the matches are also conveniently supported,so as to be readily available, thereby providing a unit assembly ofgreat convenience.
Having thus explained the nature of the invention and described anoperative manner of contructing and using the same, although withoutattempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made, or allof the forms of its use, what is claimed is:
1. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two separable atmembers of sheet-like material arranged with adjacent ends in overlappedrelation, the outer end of one of said members having means forreleasably engaging one end of a cigarette package, the outer end of theother member having means for releasably engaging the other end of saidpackage, one of said members having means for support-ing matches, saidmembers having complemental interlocking means for maintaining them innormally fixed overlapped relation.
2. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two separable flatmembers of sheet-like material arranged with adjacent inner ends inovelapped relation, the outer end of one of said members having meansadapted to be inserted between an adjacent portion of a cigarettepackage and the band-like label which normally girds said packages, theouter end of the other member having means for releasably engaging theadjacent end of the package, one of said members having means forsupporting matches, said members having complemental interlocking meansfor maintaining them in normally fixed overlapped relation.
3. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two separable liatmembers of Sheet-like material arranged with adjacent inner ends inoverlapped relation, the outer end of one of said members having tonguesextended downwardly from one end thereof and parallel thereto, saidtongues being adapted to be inserted between an adjacent portion of acigarette package and the band-like label which normally girds suchpackages, the outer end of the other member having means for releasablyengaging the adjacent end of said package, one of said members alsohaving means for supporting matches, said members having complementalinterlocking means for maintaining them in normally Xed overlappedrelation.
4. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two separable flatmembers of sheet-like material arranged with adjacent inner ends inoverlapped relation, the outer end of one of said members having tonguesextended downwardly from one end thereof and parallel thereto, saidtongues being adapted to be inserted between an adjacent portion of acigarette package and the band-like label which normally girds suchpackages, said member also having a guard portion interposed betweensaid tongues and adapted to overlap one end of said package, the outerend of the other member having means for releasably engaging theadjacent end of said package, one of said members also having means forsupporting matches, said members having complemental interlocking meansfor maintaining them in normally fixed overlapped relation.
5. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two separable flatmembers of sheet-like material arranged with adjacent inner ends inoverlapped relation, the outer end of one of said members having meansfor releasably engaging the wrapping of a cigarette package at one endof the latter, the outer end of the other member having an angularportion so positioned as to overlap and engage the other end of saidpackage, one of said members having means for supporting matches, saidmembers having complementa] interlocking means for maintaining them innormally fixed overlapped relation.
6. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two separable flatmembers of sheet-like material arranged with adjacent inner ends inoverlapped relation, the outer end of one of said members having, meansfor releasably engaging r a cigarette package, the outer end of theother member having an angular portion so positioned as to overlapy andengage the adjacent end of said package, said angular. portion havingteeth adapted to engage the wrapping of the package, one of said membersalso having means for supporting matches, said members havingcomplemental interlocking means for maintaining them in normally fixedoverlapped relation.
7. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two separable ilatmembers of sheet-like material arranged with adjacent inner ends inoverlapped relation, the outer end of one of said members having meansadapted to be inserted between an adjacent portion of a cigarettepackage and the band-like label which normally girds said package, theouter end of the other member having an angular portion positioned tooverlap and engage the adjacent end of said package, one ci said membersalso having means for supporting matches, said members havingcomplemental interlocking means for maintaining them in normally xedoverlapped relation.
8. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two separable ilatmembers of sheet-like material arranged with adjacent inner ends inoverlapped relation, the outer end of one of said members having tonguesextended downwardly therefrom and parallel therewith, said tongues beingadapted to be inserted between an adjacent portion of a cigarettepackage and the bandlike label which normally girds such packages, theouter end of the other member having an angular portion positioned tooverlap and engage the adjacent end of said package, one of said membersalso having means for supporting matches, said members havingcomplementa] interlocking means for maintaining them in normally fixedoverlapped relation 9. A match holder for cigarette packages comprisingtwo separable flat members of sheet-like material arranged with adjacentinner ends in overlapped relation, the outer end of one of said membershaving means for releasably engaging a cigarett-e package, the outer endof the other member also having means for releasably engaging adjacentportion of said package, one oi said members having means for supportingmatches, one of said members having a slot and the other member acomplemental lug so constructed and arranged as to normally maintainsaid members in overlapped relation.
10. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two flat membersseparably arranged with adjacent inner ends in overlapped relation, theouter end of one of said members having means adapted to be insertedbetween an adjacent portion of a cigarette package and the band-likelabel which normally girds said package, the outer end of the othermember having an angular portion positioned to overlap and engage theadjacent end of said package, one oi' said members also having means forsupporting matches, one of said members having a slot and the othermember a complemental lug engageable with said slot so constructed andarranged as to normally maintain said members in overlapped relation.
ll. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two flat membersseparably arranged with adjacent inner ends in overlapped relation, theouter end of one of said members having tongues extended downwardly andparallel therewith, said tongues being adapted to be inserted between anadjacent portion of a cigarette package and the band-like label whichnormally girds such packages, the outer end of the other member havingan angular portion positioned to overlap and engage the adjacent end ofsaid package, one of said members also having means for supportingmatches, one of said members having a slot and the other member acomplemental lug so constructed and arranged as to normally maintainsaid members in overlapped relation.
12. A match holder for cigarette packages comprising two flat membersseparably arranged with adjacent inner ends in overlapped relation, theouter end of one of said members having package-engaging hooks, saidmember having means to removably receive a match packet, the outer endof the other member also having means i'or releasably engaging saidpackage, one of said members having longitudinal flanges adapted toreceive and retain portions of a flexible match packet, and means forpositively and releasably maintaining said members in normallyoverlapped relation.
13. A match holder of the character described comprising two flatmembers separably arranged with adjacent inner ends in overlappedrelation, the outer end of one of said members having hook means adaptedto t between the adjacent portion of a package of cigarettes and thebandlike label which normally girds said packages, said member alsohaving a guard portion which overlaps the adjacent end of said package,said member also having parallel flanges ad-apted to engage portions ofthe flexible cover of a packet of matches, the outer end of the othermember having an angular portion at one end so positioned as to overlapthe adjacent end of said package, said angular portion having teetharranged to engage the package, the first mentioned member having one ormore transverse slots therein, and the second member having a tonguecomplemental to said slots, said tongue and slots being so constructedand arranged as to normally maintain said members in overlappedrelation, said second member having a portion of its edge provided witha finger engaging bowed portion.
CHARLES E. BERG.
| 2024-03-22 | 1937-08-27 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1939-07-04"
} |
US-2411235-A | Process of making electric conductors
oct. 13, 1936. R MAUTSCH 2,057,242
PROCESS OF MAKING ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS Filed May 29, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheetl Oct. 13, 1936. R. MAUTscr-xv PROCESS OF MAKING ELECTRIC CONDUCTORSFiled May 29, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented ct. 13, 1936 y UNITEDSTATES PROCESS 0F MAKING ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS Robert Mautsch, Brussels,Belgium,
assignor to Manufacture Generale Metallurglque, Socit Anonyme, Brussels,Belgium, a Belgian com- Diny Application May 29, 1935, Serial No. 24,112In Belgium June), 1934 8 Claims.
This invention refers to the manufacture of insulated electricconductors, such as heating resistances, and of cables for powertransmission, which comprise a core and a sheath or sleeve, both ofconcentric tubular shape, separated by one or more annular layers ofnonconductive material, in which the heating wire is embedded in thecase of a heating resistance. It is very important that the insulatingmaterial of these conductors should be well compressed between the coreand the sleeve, especially in the case of heating resistances in whichthe insulating material is exposed to disaggregation under the action ofhigh temperatures and to the strains of expansion and contraction of theheating wire. It has already been suggested l that the insulatingmaterial could be ccmpressed by causing the conductor to be drawn out orlaminated, which process has for effect, the re-tightening of thesleeve, but only at the price of lengthening it, which causes thedisplacement of the insulating material, and is only practicable whensuch material is in pulverulent or plastic form.
In accordance with the present invention, the in situ compression of theinsulating material of the conductor is assured by expanding the tubularcore by a mandrel, by hydraulic pressure, or by any other suitablemeans.
The expanded tubular core presses the insulating material forcefullybetween it and the sleeve, without causing any appreciable deformationin the aggregation ofthe conductor. If this latter be composed of aheating wire wound in the insulating material, this wire will be firmlyheid by the compressed insulating material, and there can be no play,even under the effect of vibration or violent shocks. In addition, thedielectric coefiicient and the thermal conductivity of the insulatingmaterial are increased by the compression. If the insulated conductor isintended to. be used as a cable for power transmission, the compressionof the insulating material will give to it, qualities. ofwater-tightness and of dielectric rigidity, which are very favourable toperfect insulation of the core through which the electric current ispassed.
According to a preferred method cf carrying out my invention, I avoidthe use of binding agents or other materials capable of givingcombustion products liable to soil and lower the quality of theinsulating material. To this end, I apply the insulating material linsheet form and I subject said sheets, without binding agent,
to a preliminary compression while it is being applied, i. e. before thetubular core is expanded. To effect this preliminary compression l usethe conductor itself, while it is being wound. I then surround thewinding with a further insulating 5 layer which in turn is tightlycompressed by winding around it a metal wire or strip forming a tightwrapper band.
When there are a plurality of concentric conductors, each conductor isused for compressing l0 the' underlaying insulating layer, and anencircling band or wire is tightly wound around the whole element. Thisencircling band is `intended not only to compress the parts enclosedthereby, but also to expel the air from the sul5 Fig. 1 shows inperspective, a section of an electric heating resistance partiallystripped in o order to show the concentric elements.
Fig. 2 is a view of a longitudinal section of a portion of resistance,illustrating the process of expansion.
Fig. 3 represents, in longitudinal section. two 35 portions of a tubularcable joined end to end. Fig. 4 shows a cable Joining at right angles,Fig. 5 is a cross-section of a cable with sev eral conductors.
Fig. 6 illustrates the winding of insulating o material in sheet form.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of a complete element with sheetinsulation.
Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively an elevation and a corresponding planview, on scale, showing the winding of the insulating sheets and of thewire for compressing same.
In Figs. 1 and 2, the heating resistance consists of a. tubular core Iof malleable metal, as
for example, a copper tube, on which is placed 50 an insulating sleeve2, for example oi mica or mica composition, around which the resistancewire 3 is Wound helically. A second insulating sleeve 4 surrounds thewire 3 and the whole is placed in a tubular sheath or sleeve l, advnu asmaller 45 tageously composed of a harder metal than the core I, forexample, of steel.
As these various elements may be readily slid one into the other, theprocess of manufacture is very easy. In order iirmly to unite theelements and to compress the insulating body on to the resistance wire,the malleable inner tube is expanded. For this purpose, a fluid may beintroduced under pressure, or, as is shown in Fig. 2, an expanding ,tool6 may be drawn through the tube I, the diameter of the tool beinggreater than the original diameter of the tube. It will be understoodthat the expansion of the core I compresses the insulating bodies 2 and4 against the internal wall of the sleeve 5. The insulating material isforced between the turns of the resistance wire 3, which are thusdefinitely locked in position. Neither the disaggregation of theinsulating material through heat, nor the expansion or contractionstresses of the heating wire, nor vibrations nor exterior shocks cancause any loosening, so that all risk of overlheating or of fusion byhot points, or by contact of the convolutions of the wire, iseliminated.
The tubular resistance may be used to heat a circulating liquid, as welloutside of the sleeve ,5 as inside of the core I. It may be iitted lwithiins or arranged in vany suitable manner in a heating apparatus.
In Figs. 3 and 4, which show an electric cable inI accordance with theinvention, III is the tubular core of the cable,.for example a coppertube, II is an insulating sleeve placed over the core, and I2 is thetubular metal sheath or sleeve, which surrounds the whole. As in thecase of the resistance described above, the tubu- Vlar core I0, which,in this case, serves as the conductor, in the proper sense of the word,is suitably expanded to compress the insulating material II between itand the sleeve I2. 'I'he compression of the insulating material preventsthe presence of empty spaces or of air pockets in the insulation of thecable and assures absolute water-tightness.
Two portions of cable manufactured in this manner may be electricallyconnected end to end in a. very simple way, by means of pins I3 ttedinto their cores I0, and the joining may be tightened by means of a ringI4 screwed on the joined extremities of the sleeves I2. A water-tightfitting I5 completes the joint.
In the case of an angle joint, as is shown in Fig. 4, a pin I3 tted intothe core I of one of the portionsof the cable is made with an eye I6clamped around the stripped core of the other portion, and the whole isplaced in a junction box I'I welded at I8 to the sleeve i2.
Fig. 5, shows a cable with a plurality of concentric tubular conductorsI0, Ill' and I0", which is made by expanding, in the iirst place, thetube I0" in the sleeve I2, then the tube I0 in the tube I0" and finally,the tube I0 in the tube I0'. y Referring to Figs. 6l and '7, I is thetubular core, of copper or other malleable metal, 2 the iirst layer ofinsulating material, 3 the conductor, for example a resistance Wire orstrip tightly wound` around the layer 2, and 4 is the second insulatinglayer, 2li4 is an encircling wire or strip which is tightly wound aroundthe insulating layer 4, and 5 isthe outer tube which forms a protectingsheath for the whole element.
In order to compress the successive layers of insulating material I mayadvantageously operate as follows.
The tubular core I being rotated and being simultaneously movedlongitudinally in the direction of the arrow a (Fig. 9) on a suitablesupport (not shown), I apply thereon the first insulating layer whichcomprisessheets 2, for example of mica, fed by a belt 2| which isrotated by a pulley 22. v
In immediate proximity to the belt 2l, I feed the resistance wire from aspool 23 situated on theside of the core I remote from the pulley 22. Asshown in Fig. 6, the wire 3 is wound on the core I in overlappingrelation tothe sheets 2, in such manner that as soon as a sheet isapplied on the core it is caught by the wire 3 which holds it in placeand presses it with a pressure that may be adjusted by means of a.stretching device 24.
The insulating layer 2 and the resistance wire 3 being wound, the sameoperation is repeated with the outer insulating layer 4 and theencircling band 20. The whole then is forcibly introduced into thesheath 5 and subjected to internal pressure, for example by means of amandrel, which tightens all the parts' togetherl and uniformlydistributes the stresses in each layer. They concentric layers then canno longer become loosened under the actionof vibrations or jars.Moreover the dielectric coemcient and the thermal conductivity of theinsulating material are increased by the compression. v
It will be understood that these qualities are also preserved when theelement comprises more than two insulating layers and that theadvantages ofthe invention obtain, whether it be applied to heatingreslstances or to cables for power transmission.
I claim:
1. A process of producing insulated electric Iconductors, comprisingsurrounding an expansible tubular core with insulating material, tightlywinding an electric conductor around said material, thereby subjectingsaid material to permanent pressure, surrounding the wound conductorwith more insulating material, surrounding the whole with a sheath andexpandlng said core by an internal pressure.
2. A process of producing insulated electric conductors, comprisingsurrounding a malleable tubular core with a layer of insulatingmaterial, winding an electric conductor around said insulating layerthereby compressing same, surrounding the wound conductor with an outerlayer of insulating material, winding a band around said outer layer tocompress same, surrounding the whole with an outer sheath, and passing amandrel through said core to expand same and compress vthe partscomprised between said core and said sheath.
3. A process of producing insulated electric conductors, comprising .anexpansible tubular core with a plurality of superposed-insulatinglayers, tightly winding an electric conductor between every twosuccessive insulating layers thereby successively subjecting each saidlayer jecting said layer to compression by winding an electric conductortherearound, surrounding the wound conductor with a further insulatinglayer, subjecting said further layer to compression by winding anencircling band therearound, inserting the whole in.an outer sheath andsubjecting said tubular core to internal pressure.
5. A process of producing insulated electric conductors, comprisingWinding sheets of insulating material on an expansible core, pressingsaid sheets into position by tightly winding an electric conductortherearound, winding sheets of insulating material around the woundconductor, pressing said sheets in position by tightly windingtherearound a compressing band, surrounding the whole with a sheath, andexpanding said core by internal pressure.
6. A process o.' producing insulated electric heating resistances,comprising winding sheets of insulating material on an expansibletubular core and simultaneously winding an electric resistance wire inoverlapping relation to said sheets, thereby encircling said insulatingsheets with the winding of said wire and subjecting said sheets tocompression, then again winding sheets of insulating material on theresulting product and simultaneously winding under tension a pressureresisting band in overlapping relation to said last mentioned sheets,inserting the whole in a sheath and expanding said core by internalpressure.
7. A process of producing insulated electric heating resistances,comprising rotating an expansible tubular core and simultaneously movingsaid core longitudinally, winding sheets of insulating material on saidrotating core and simultaneously winding under tension a resistance Wirein overlapping relation to said sheets, then winding around theresulting product sheets of insulating material and simultaneouslywinding under tension a metal strip in overlapping relation to the lastmentioned band, inserting the whole in a sheath and expanding said coreby internal pressure.
8. A process of making insulated heating resistances comprising windingsheets of insulating material on an expansible tubular core, tightlywinding a resistance wire around said sheets, thereby subjecting saidsheets to inward pressure and causing any air entrapped therebetween toescape, winding sheets of insulating material around the resultingproduct, tightly winding encircling wire around the last mentionedsheets, thereby subjecting them to inward pressure and causing any airentrapped therebetween to escape, inserting the whole in a Sheath andpassing a mandrel through'said tubular core, thereby subjecting thewhole to an outward pressure and securing the previously -compressedparts within said outer sheath.
ROBERT MAUTSCH.
| 2024-03-22 | 1935-05-29 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1936-10-13"
} |
US-22076951-A | Device for the wet treatment of artificial threads
June 5, 1956 K. J. SCHULZE 2,748,587
DEVICE FOR THE WET TREATMENT OF ARTIFICIAL THREADS Filed April 15, 1951FIG- 1 FIG- 2 FIG- 3 FIG 4 FIG. 5
FIG. 8
KURD J- SCHULZE INVENTOR.
BY Wmcflmw PM ATTORNEYS United States Patent i) DEVICE FOR THE WETTREATMENT OF ARTIFICIAL THREADS Kurd Jiirgen Schulze, Oberbruch,Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to American Enka Corporation,Enka, N. C., a corporation of Delaware Application April 13, 1951,Serial No. 220,769
Claims priority, application Germany April 17, 1950 2 Claims. (Cl.68-205) This invention relates to a device for the wet treatment ofartificial threads.
Interinclined pairs of rolls are frequently used in the production ofartificial threads by a continuous process. Since it is essential to usea series of wash liquids in the after-treatment of threads, especiallyin the viscose process, it is difficult to construct pairs of rollswhich ensure that the individual after-treating baths are meticulouslyseparated from one another. The principle of separate indentationenables considerable improvements to be made since in this way it ispossible to prevent the baths from being mixed on the rolls. It is onlypossible to work economically and without interruptions when theindividual bath liquids are prevented from mixing on the after-treatingrolls and when the quantity of washing liquid entrained by the runningthread is kept as small as possible. Previous proposals did not givesatisfactory results in the latter respect. According to the previousproposals too much of the bath liquid was entrained which caused thethread to slide unsteadily over the rolls so that the thread windingsran over one another which led to the threads becoming entangled andsubsequently broken.
Extensive experiments have shown that this disadvantageous effect is dueto the shape of the surface of the lower of the two interinclined rolls.When the surface of the lower roll is smooth or provided with capillaryfiutings it forms too thick a film of liquid from which the ascendingthreads carry away too much liquid with them to the upper roll.
It is an object of this invention to provide apparatus which willovercome the above disadvantages.
Other and further objects of the present invention will become apparentfrom the following description and appended claims taken together withthe accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. 1 through 5 are end views of rolls having a surface configurationaccording to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of the surface of a rollaccording to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is an end view of two inclined rolls according to the presentinvention; and
Fig. 8 is a side elevation view of the rolls according to Fig. 7.
It has now been found to be of great advantage for uninterrupted workingif the threads ascending from the lower to the upper roll have as thinas possible a liquid sheath since otherwise the individual turns of thethread spiral readily adhere together on contact which leads to breakageof the thread. It is also important that the thread passing from oneafter-treating station to another should have as thin as possible aliquid sheath in order to keep the circulating wash baths clean. Sincethe fresh supply of after-treating liquid takes place on the upper rollit is naturally also desirable that the threads should carry as small aspossible a part of the bath back to the upper roll again since, if thereis too great a circulation of after-treating liquids, the concentrationand, in the case of hot bath liquids, the temperature also suffer toogreat a variation. If the threads have too thick a liquid sheath thenthe ascending threads become very unsteady due to the formation of aliquid seal between the threads and the upper roll, the surface tensionforces of which tear individual capillary threads and produce a tangle.
The experiments also showed that the above-described disadvantages whichresult from a thick liquid sheath around the ascending turns of threadcan be removed by coarse longitudinal fluting of the lower roll of theinterinclined pairs of rolls. The longitudinal fluting must be of such ashape that it has a profile tapering outwardly at an acute angle. Forexample, all triangular profile shapes having straight, convex orconcave, convergent side faces are suitable for the purpose. Truncatedpyramidal profiles can also be used or profiles which taper to two ormore tooth edges. Preferably the longitudinal profiles are such thatthey give a zigzag separated indentation at the segmental limits of theroll. A surface shaped in this way has a very small capacity forretaining liquid so that the threads can carry only very little bathliquid with them. The surface of contact of the roll with the thread isalso reduced considerably. This causes the liquids to be sprayed oifvigorously. The liquids are not rejected from a single part only of thethread windings in a large quantity but the rejection of liquid isdistributed over the whole sector of the roll. As a result of thisarrangement the ascending thread carries down the whole quantity ofliquid which is supplied afresh to the upper roll but so much of thebath liquid is sprayed off by the lower roll that the ascending threadonly carries with it about a quarter to one-third of the quantity whichit carried with it as it ran on to the lower roll. A particularembodiment of the present invention will now be specifically described.
In Figures 1 to 5 are illustrated terminal views of rollers, which areprovided with grooves running parallel to the axis, or ledges runningbetween these grooves, of approximately triangular cross-section in thesense of the invention. The grooves and ledges are shown on only a partof the cylinder circumference; they extend, however, over the entirecircumference, as is also evident from Figures 7 and 8.
According to Figure l, the projecting parts of the roller surfacedesignated by 1 having a triangular cross-section, which is delineatedby straight lines. In Figure 2, the cross-section of the ledges 2 isdelineated by convex lateral lines. According to Figure 3 thedelineating lines of the ledges are concave. The cross-sections of theledges 4 in Figure 4 exhibit two straight side lines and a blunt tip,and in Figure 5, the cross-sections of the ledges 5 are delineated bydoubly concave lateral lines.
Figure 6 shows a section from the envelope of a lower roller, as it isused according to the invention for the Wet treatment of threads,whereby for example, a hollow cylinder serves, whose surface exhibitsthe longitudinal grooves according to the invention. The cylinderenvelope is interrupted in a zigzag form at 6 and 7. This interruptionextends over the entire circumference of the roller body or of thehollow cylinder, as is clearly shown in Figure 8. The zigzag shaped endsof the two roller parts 8 and 9 according to Figure 6 engage in eachother, but nevertheless leave open a slit 10 through which the liquidflowing in the longitudinal grooves of the roller can flow 0E, withoutbecoming mixed with the liquid of the adjacent roller section. Besidesthe interruption by the slit 10, the roller surface can, of course,exhibit still further similar interruptions, so that a treatment of therayon threads with more than 2 different liquids without a mixing of thesame on the roller surfaces is made possible.
Figure 7 shows diagrammatically a front view of a roller pair and Figure8 is a corresponding side view. The upper roller 11 has a smoothsurface; it is however, di vided by a zigzag shaped interruption intotwo parts, so
that the liquids introduced through the lines 12 and 13 cannot becomemixed on the roller surface.
The axis of the lower roller 14 is oblique in relation to the axis ofthe roller 11. Consequently, in the rotation of the rollers the rayonthread 15 is led in a spiral shape, without special thread guide organsbeing necessary.
The roller 14 is likewise divided by a zigzag shaped interruption, sothat between the two parts there is a siit it as is more clearly shownin Figure 6. In the sense of the invention, the lower roller is providedwith grooves or projecting ledges running parallel to the a Is, throughwhich the carrying along of larger liquid quantities by the thread 15 isavoided.
What i claim is:
l. A device for treatment of artificial threads with liquids whichprevent the artificial threads from sticking to each other dui aftertreatment, comprising a it of cooperating upper and lower rolls havingtheir es inclincd to each other for advancing a thread thereover in aspiral path, the lower of said rolls having a surface of two sectionseach section consisting of contiguous longitudinal iiutings extendingradially outwardly, the surface of the tiutings converging at an acuteangle at the outer fiX- trcrnity thereof, the fiutings in one sectionbeing offset to a position between the fiutings of the other section ina circumferential direction, the fiutings having tooth-like portions onthe ends thereof which define a zigzag channel extendingcircumferentially around said lower roll, and means for introducingliquids to said upper roll.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the tooth-lilac portions ofsaid fluted surface extending into said zigzag channel in one directionextend past the tooth-like portions extending into said channel in theopposite direction, whereby a continuous longitudinal support forthreads is provided.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,578,241 Johnson Mar. 23, 1926 1,960,743 Junkers May 29, 1934 2,002,994Hartmann et al. May 28, 1935 2,020,057 Hartmann Nov. 5, 1935 2,259,202Cooper Oct. 14, 1941 2,263,440 Hansen Nov. 18, 1941 2,294,902 Gram Sept.8, 1942 2,356,026 Berry Aug. 15, 1944 2,416,533 Naumann Feb. 25, 19472,661,522 Lowe Dec. 8, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 217,892 Germany Jan. 15,l9l0
1. A DEVICE FOR TREATING OF ARTIFICIAL THREADS WITH LIQUIDS WHICHPREVENT THE ARTIFICIAL THREADS FROM STICKING TO EACH OTHER DURING AFTERTREATMENT, COMPRISING A PAIR OF COOPERATING UPPER AND LOWER ROLLS HAVINGTHEIR AXES INCLINED TO EACH OTHER FOR ADVANCING A THREAD THEREOVER IN ASPIRAL PATH, THE LOWER OF SAID ROLLS HAVING A SURFACE OF TWO SECTIONSEACH SECTION CONSISTING OF CONTIGUOUS LONGITUDINAL FLUTINGS EXTENDINGRADIALLY OUTWARDLY, THE SURFACE OF THE FLUTINGS CONVERGING AT AN ACUTEANGLE AT THE OUTER EXTREMITY THEREOF, THE FLUTINGS IN ONE SECTION BEINGOFFSET TO A POSITION BETWEEN THE FLUTINGS OF THE OUTER SECTION IN ACIRCUMFERENTIAL DIRECTION, THE FLUTINGS HAVING TOOTH-LIKE PORTIONS ONTHE ENDS THEREOF WHICH DEFINE A ZIGZAG CHANNEL EXTENDINGCIRCUMFERENTIALLY AROUND SAID LOWER ROLL, AND MEANS FOR INTRODUCINGLIQUIDS TO SAID UPPER ROLL. | 2024-03-22 | 1951-04-13 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1956-06-05"
} |
US-1900024868-A | Device for polishing boots or shoes.
No. 667,|57. Patented Mn. 29, I90l.
F. P. SMITH. DEVICE FOR POLISHING BOOTS OB SHOES.
(Application filed July 26, 1900.) (N 0 ll 0 d e l rm: nqams min: co.,'momuwou wAsmNaTom D. c.
NITED STATES FRANK P. SMITH, OF CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY.
DEVICE FOR POLISHING BOOTS OR SHOES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 667,157, dated January29, 1901.
Application filed July 26, 1900. Serial No. 24,868. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, FRANK P. SMITH, a citizen of the United States,residing at No. 308 Washington street, in the city of Camden, in thecounty of Camden and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Devices for Polishing Boots or Shoes of which thefollowing is a specification.
My invention relates to a device by means of which boots or shoes may bepolished with a cloth or rag; and in such connection the i11- ventionconsists in the combination and arrangement of parts constitutingsuchadevice, substantially as hereinafter described and claimed.
The nature and scope of my invention will be more fully understood fromthe following description, taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, forming part hereof, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevationalview of a device embodying main features of my invention with a boot orshoe shown in position thereon and polishing-cloth arranged inconnection therewith for effecting the polishing operation of the bootor shoe. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view of the device of my saidinvention, and Fig. 3 is a front end view of the same.
Referring to the drawings, 0. represents a block or footboard, of woodor the like, upon which the sole and heel of the shoe 1) are adapted torest when the shoe is to be polished. The sides of this block a areprovided with the wires d and (1, each of which projects parallel withthe sides of the block and have turned-in ends (:1 adapted to enter theblock to secure the wires to the sides of the said block. The front endof the block a is provided with a recess or throat 6, with overlappingends e and e into which opening or throat the box), containing thepolishing substance or material, is adapted to be inserted anddetachably held. A fiat strip of cloth or suitable fabric h is passedunder the wires (1 and d and over the boot or shoe and when in positionis drawn rapidly back and forth upon the wires and boot or shoe topolish the same.
Having thus described the nature and object of myinvention, what I claimas new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
A boot and shoe polishing device, comprising a foot block or boardhaving its forward end cut away to form a recess to detachably hold abox adapted to contain a polishing substance and wires secured to bothsides of said block or board and projecting beyond said sides so as topermit of a strip of cloth or other suitable fabric being passed undersaid wires and over the boot or shoe, substantially as and for thepurposes described.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature in the presence oftwo subscrib-- ing witnesses.
FRANK P. SMITH. Witnesses:
J. WALTER DOUGLASS, THOMAS M. SMITH.
| 2024-03-22 | 1900-07-26 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1901-01-29"
} |
US-541709D-A | Snow-melting machine
(No Model.) I
E.' BEATTY.
sNpw MELTING MACHINE. Nol 541,709. Patented June 25, 1895.A
w/r/vEssE's.-
l l l j@ A nmwmm'm-"-237 l z. l i. v l
' /m 7 ATTUHNEYS.
v UNITED STATES PATENT OEETOE.
fEDwARD 'BEATTTQ OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
SNOW-MELT'ING MACHINE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 541,709, dated June 25,1 895.v
Application filed February 19, 1895. Serial No. 538,933. tNo model.)
.Snow-Melting Machine, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description.
The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved snowmelting vmachine, more especially designed to be drawn through thestreets of cities and like places, and arranged to quickly melt thesnow.
The invention consists of certain parts and details and combinations ofthe same, as will be fully described hereinafter and then pointed out inthe claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, in whichsimilar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the improvement on the line ll of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 a sectional plan viewof the same on the line is 2 2of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa plan view of the fur nace with the cover removedand one of thek grates partlywithdrawn, and Fig. 4 is a sectional sideelevation of the same in a different position. p
The improved snow melting machine is provided with a wheeled vehicle A,adapted to bedrawn or driven through the streets or other places inwhich the snow is to be melted. This vehicleAis provided in its bottombetween the front and rear wheels with a chamber B, open at the bottomand extending close to the sur` face of the street, as indicated in Fig.l. In
` the front end of the chamberB is arranged a revoluble brush C forsweeping the snow from the street, into the said chamber B. Thisrevoluble brush C is connected by a belt D with a pulley on an engine E,supported on the vehicle A, and driven by steam from a boiler set in thevehicle, or by other suitable motive power. In the top of the chamber Bis arranged a down-draft furnace F, provided with a re box F', arrangedtransversely in the chamber B and journaled at its closed ends bytrunnions F2 in the sides of the vehicle A. A slidab-le and removablegrate F3 is arranged in the bottom of the said tire box F', and asimilar grate F4 is arranged in the top thereof, so that the fire box,when turned upside down, has a grate' both on the top and l on thebottom; andtbetween the grates is con tained the coal Or other fuel tobe burned.
In order to hold the fire box F in proper position, as shown in'Fig. l,I provide va suitable fastening device, preferably in the form of atransverse rod G, adapted to be passed through staples G in the Yvehicle A, and through a staple F5 in the side o f the fire box F. Whenthe rod G is withdrawn, the box can be conveniently turned, to bring thelowermost grate tothe top andthe upper grate to the bottom, as will bereadily understood by reference to Fig. 4.
In order to introduce the fuel, the uppermost grate is pulled out, asindicated in Fig. 3, so as to permit of charging the already burningfuel with a fresh supply of coal. The top of the fire box F above theuppermost grate is adapted to be closed by a cover F6, connected at oneend by a exible pipe H with a blower I, driven by a belt J from theengine E.
Now, it will be seen thatwheu the engine is in motion, the blower I isactuated, and forces air through the pipe H and cover F6, into andthrough the fire box F in a downward direction, so that propercombustion of the fuel in the lire box is obtained, and at the same timethe heat is forced through the lowermost grate F3 into the chamber Bincontact with the snow thrown into the chamber by the brush C. The snowis thus subjected to a high degree of heat and instantly melted,
to then run into the gutter or to be sweptinto the same by followingbrushes if necessary.
A chimney B in the rear end of the chamber B, permits the escape 0fgases from the I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-ICO adapted to supply air thereto, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination of a heating chamber having a transverse shaft, afurnace rotatably mounted in the heating chamber and provided withlongitudinally movable grates at its opposite sides and having means forlockin g it to said transverse shaft when set to the required position,a cover plate located in the heating chamber and adapted to close oneside of the furnace, a blower, and a pipe connectingthe blower with thecover of the heating chamber, substantially as set forth.
EDWARD BEAT'PY. W'itnesses:
THEO. G. HosTER, C. SEDGWICK.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1895-06-25"
} |
US-47915254-A | Portable parcel carriers
April 29, 1958 D. D. PATTERSON 2,832,606
PORTABLE PARCEL CARRIERS Filed Dec. 31. 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.DAVID D. PATTERSON BYWW ATTORN EY April 29, 1953 D. D. PATTERSON2,832,606
PORTABLE PARCEL CARRIERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 31. 1954 ATTORNEY ZUnited States This invention relates in general to certain new anduseful improvements in portable parcel carriers and is acontinuation-in-part of my co-pending application Serial No. 412,192filed February 24, 1954, now Patent No. 2,777,708, issued January 15,1957.
Most housewives, in patronizing super markets, endeavor to shop in largequantities for convenience and economy. Such procedure, however, makesit necessary to handle large bags and packages and the physical efiortrequired is appreciable. This is particularly true since the largeshopping centers are not ordinarily within short walking distance fromthe neighborhoods which they serve and it is frequently necessary forthe shopper to drive to the shopping center in her automobile or travelon public transportation. Consequently, it has become increasinglydifficult to carry several large cumbersome sacks of groceries and otherhousehold products from the store to her parked automobile or to herhome in case it is necessary to use the streetcar or bus.
It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to providea portable parcel carrier which can be folded up quickly andconveniently into extremely compact size so that it may be readilycarried in the hand or under the arm when not in use and which can bevery quickly and simply unfolded to provide a spacious, rugged-wheeledcarrier into which parcels of various size, shape and weight can beplaced for transportation from the store to the home.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a portablecarrier of the type stated which can be unfolded and set up-with a fewsimple movements and will automatically form a self-bracing receptaclewhich, when in opened or receptacle-forming position, is extremely rigidand strong.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a portablecarrier of the type stated which is simple and economical inconstruction and can be manufactured at relatively low cost.
With the above and other objects in view, my invention resides in thenovel features of form, construction, arrangement, and combination ofparts presently described and pointed out in the claims.
In the acompanying drawings (two Sheets)- Figure 1 is a perspective viewof a portable parcel carrier constructed in accordance with andembodying the present invention illustrating the parcel carrier in fullyopened or operative position;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the portable parcel carrier incompletely folded-up or inoperative position;
Figure 3 is a skeletonized perspective view of the portable parcelcarrier in operative position showing the details of construction of theframework thereof;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the parcel carrier in folded-upposition as it is being placed in its outer bag or carrying receptacle;
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the framework in partially folded orcollapsed position with the cover element removed for illustrativepurposes; and
atent 0 Figure 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of the handle lockingstructure forming a part of the present invention.
Referring now .in more detail and by reference characters to thedrawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, A designates a portable parcel carrier comprising anopen-topped rectilinear canvas shell or sack 1 integrally includingrectangular front and rear walls 2, 3, side walls 4, 5, and a bottomwall 6. The side walls 4, 5, are centrally split and secured by slidefasteners 7, 8, which extend from a point near the bottom wall up to thetop margin and are supplemented by locking straps 9, 10, formed ofcanvas and being provided at their ends with snap fasteners 11, 12,respectively. The front and rear walls 2, 3, are preferably providedwith longitudinal reinforcing straps s stitched or otherwise suitablysecured upon the inner faces thereof.
Disposed within the canvas sack or shell 1 is acollapsible frameworkconsisting of two central, somewhat U-shaped hinge-elements 13, 14, forrockably receiving the ends of four generally U-shaped frame members 15,16, 17, 18, formed of heavy wire or rod-stock and being flattened attheir inner ends in the provision of short swivel-forming elements 19,20, 21, 22, respectively, which are rotatably inserted within the hingeelements and are hingedly secured therein by rivets 23, 24, 25, 26. Thebight portions of the U-shaped frame members 15, 16, are securedrespectively to the upper margins of the side walls4, 5, by snapfastened canvas flaps 27, 28. By reference to Figures 3 and 5 it will benoted that the upper frame members 15, 16, are mounted in the hingeelements 13, 14, so that when the frame members are in upright position,as shown in Figure 3, the edges of the hinge elements 13, 14, will formstop abutments for the frame members 15, 16. It will also be noted byreference to Figure 3 that the rear lower frame member 18 is shorterthan the upper frame members 15, 16, and the other or forward framemember 17 is reversely bent more nearly in the manner of an H to providelegs 29, 29, which project respectively through apertures 30, 30',formed in the corners of the sack 1 and at their lower ends are providedwith rubber ferrules 31, 31'. The distance between the cross-bar element32 of the frame member 17 and the hinge-elements 13, 14, is such thatthe U-shaped upper portion of the frame member 17 is substantially thesame size as the frame member 18.
Rigidly secured at itsupper ends to the hinge-elements 13, 14, is aU-shaped bottom frame 33 formed of heavy strap metal and provided at itscorners with depending plates 34, 35, for operatively supporting anaxle-rod 36 which extends lengthwise therethrough and is, in turn,provided on its projecting ends with rubber-tired Wheels 37, 37, whichare approximately centered from front to back when the structure is inupright or operative position in order to properly balance the load. Aswill be evident from Figure 1, the plates 34, 35, project throughsuitable apertures in the bottom wall 6 of the sack 1 so that the wheelsare external to the sack 1 when the latter is in fully opened oroperative position. The upper face of the bottom frame 33 is preferablysecured, as by riveting, sewing, or gluing, to the central portion ofthe bottom wall 6.
Adjacent the outer upper corners of the canvas sack or shell 1, theflaps 27, 28, are cut away to expose the bight portion of the framemembers 15, 16, for hingedly receiving the lower ends of tubular sleeves38, 39, which telescopically engage the legs 40, 41, of a U-shapedhandleforrning member 42, which can be swung upwardly from the positionshown in Figure 5 into handle-forming posi tion when the portablecarrier A is in operative position, as shown in Figure 3, or can betelescoped into inopere ative position, as shown in Figure 5, when theportable carrier A is in collapsed or inoperative position. Hinged tothe legs 40, 41, of the handle-forming member 42 are inwardly swingingbrace-rods 43, 44, which are also slidably mounted at their lower endsin swiveling clevises 45, which are, in turn, pivotally securedto therear upper frame member 16, and fit into stabilizing clevises weldedthereto when in upright or operative position, as best seen in Figure 6.The legs 40, 41, are, furthermore, provided with conventionalspring-biasedsnap-catch pins 46 for manually releasable lockedengagement with apertures 47 formed in the upper ends of the tubularsleeves 38, 39, so that as the handle-forming member 42 reaches fullyextended. or opened-up position it will be locked in suchpositionuntilthe snap-catch pins 46 are released.
Provided for use with the parcel carrier A is a rectilinear bag Badapted to fit snugly around the parcel carrier A in the manner of anenvelope and being provided with'side walls 48, 49, respectively, havingV-shaped slits 3, 1, which clear the wheels 37, 37, and axle-rod 36 andfront and rear walls 52 and 53. The front wall 2 and rear'wall 3 arerespectively provided at their upper margins with cloth handles 54, 55,which project upwardly when the carrier A is in collapsed position, asshown in Figures 2 and 4 and, finally, a small hook 56 is mounted on thebight of the frame member for hooked engagement with the bight of theframe member 16, as shown in Figure 4. Thus, when collapsed, the carrierA becomes a compact, easily handled unit which is conveniently housed inthe bag B and can be carried from place to place as shown in Figure 2.
When the frame members 15, 16, 17, and 18 are folded out into upn'ghtoroperative position so that the bight members thereof move outwardly awayfrom each other, the bottom wall 6 is stretched to its largestdimension, whereupon the slide fasteners 7, 8, may be pulled up and thelocking straps 9, 1t fastened in place, forming a rigid, strong carrier,as shown in Figure 1.
When the portable carrier A is being folded up or collapsed, that is tosay, folded from the position shown in Figure 1 to the collapsedposition shown in Figure 4, the snap-catch pins 46 are released, thestraps 9, 10, are disengaged and the slide fasteners 7, 8, slid open,thus permitting the frame members 15, 16, i7, 18, to swing outwardly anddownwardly so that the entire structure can be folded up. The canvassack or shell 1, being entirely flexible and collapsible, Will fall intoa series of folds within the framework so that the entire structure willbe compact and can he slid into the bag B. Thus, there will be noexposed metal or hard parts to tear the clothing or cause any other typeof inconvenience. It will be noted that the handles 54, 55, are fastenedon the outer faces of the front and rear walls 2, 3, and are alsointernally positioned, when the carrier A is folded up, so that theentire structure can be easily carried without using the bag B if theuser so desires.
In the collapsed or inoperative position, the structure is extremelycompact, light in Weight, and can be easily carried from place to place.Thus, the housewife may readily travel to the shopping center, either inher own car or on some public conveyance with the portable carrier Afolded up into very compact, easily carried position. Upon arriving atthe market or store, the housewife may readily remove the bag B andswing the frame members 15, 16, 17, and 18, into the position shown inFigure 3. This movement will automatically cause the sack 1 to open upinto proper position and the entire structure may be rigidly secured inupright carrier-forming position simply by sliding up the slidefasteners 7, 8, to close the side walls 4, 5, and then fasteningthestraps 9, 10. The tension thus placed on the side walls will pull theentire frame into tight, rigid, upright position to form a securecarrier of relatively large dimension which is strong and rigid. Thismovement of folding the carrier A into upright position willautomatically cause the wheels 37, 37', to swing down into operativeposition. It should be understood in this connection that buttons,hooks, snap fasteners, or even laces may be substituted for the slidefasteners 7, 8.
It should be understood that changes and modifications in the form,construction, arrangement, and combination of the several parts of theportable parcel carrier may be made and substituted for those hereinshown and described without departing from the nature and principle ofmy invention.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:
l. A portable parcel carrier comprising a collapsible wire frameworkadapted to fold from a fiat collapsed position to open position, inwhich latter position the framework defines a rectilinear structure,said framework consisting of a U-shaped bottom frame-element consistingof a transversely extending bight and two spaced parallel upstandinglegs each of which is rigidly provided at its upper end with ahinge-element, four substantially U- shaped frame-members each hinged toand radiating outwardly from the hinge-elements, a collapsible shelloperatively mounted on the framework for forming an opentoppedrectilinear receptacle when the framework is in open position,ground-engaging wheels operatively mounted on the framework and beingpositioned for projecting downwardly below the bottom of the shell whenthe latter is in open receptacle-forming position, handle-forming meansassociated with the framework, said handle-forming means comprising apair of tubes each being pivoted at one end to the bight portion of oneof the frame-members and a U-shaped member having its legstelescopically fitted in the tubes for extending upwardly therefrom whenthe framework is in open position.
2. A portable parcel carrier comprising a collapsible wire frameworkadapted to fold from a flat collapsed position to open position, inwhich latter position the framework defines a rectilinear structure,said framework consisting of a U-shaped bottom frame-element consistingof a transversely extending bight and two spaced parallel upstandinglegs each of which is rigidly provided at its upper end with ahinge-element, four substantially U- shaped frame-members each hinged toand radiating out wardly from the hinge-elements, a collapsible fabricshell mounted externally on the framework for forming an open-toppedrectilinear receptacle when the framework is in open position, saidshell having opposite side walls which are split and provided with meansfor optionally opening and closing the split, an axle rod carried by theframe-element, ground-engaging wheels mounted on the axle-rod and beingpositioned for projecting downwardly below the bottom of the shell whenthe latter is in open receptacle-forming position and handle-formingmeans associated with the framework, said handle-forming meanscomprising a pair of tubes each being pivoted at one end to the bightportion of one of the frame-members and a U-shaped member having itslegs telescopically fitted in the tubesfor extending upwardly therefromwhen the framework is in open position.
3. A portable parcel carrier comprising a collapsible wire frameworkadapted to fold from a fiat collapsed position to open position, inwhich latter position the framework defines a rectilinear structure,said framework consisting of a U-shaped bottom frame-element consistingof a transversely extending bight and two spaced parallel upstandinglegs each of which is rigidly provided at its upper end with ahinge-element, four substantially U- shaped frame-members each hinged toand radiating outwardly from the hinge-elements, a collapsible shelloperatively mounted on the framework for forming an opentoppedrectilinear receptacle when the framework is in open position,ground-engaging wheels operatively mounted on the framework and beingpositioned for projecting downwardly below the bottom of the shell whenthe latter is in open receptacle-forming position, handle-forming meansassociated with the framework, said handle-forming means comprising apair of tubes each being pivoted at one end to the bight portion of oneof the frame-members, a U-shaped member having its legs telescopicallyfitted in the tubes for extending upwardly therefrom when the frameworkis in open position and brace rods hingedly connected to the U-shapedmember and to the opposite legs respectively of one of the otherframe-members for supporting the U-shaped member in handle-formingposition.
4. A portable parcel carrier comprising a collapsible wire frameworkadapted to fold from a collapsed position to open position, in whichlatter position the framework defines a rectilinear structure, saidframework consisting of a U-shaped bottom frame-element consisting of atransversely extending bight and two spaced parallel upstanding legseach of which is rigidly provided at its upper end with a hinge-element,four substantially U-shaped frame-members each hinged to and radiatingoutwardly from the hinge-elements, a collapsible shell operativelymounted on the framework for forming an open-topped rectilinearreceptacle when the framework is in open position, ground-engagingwheels operatively mounted on the framework and being positioned forprojecting downwardly below the bottom of the shell when the latter isin open receptacle-forming position, handle-forming means associatedwith the framework, said handle-forming means comprising a pair of tubeseach being pivoted at one end to the bight portion of one of theframe-memers, a U-shaped member having its legs telescopically fitted inthe tubes for extending upwardly therefrom when the framework is in openposition, and means for optionally locking the U- shaped member and thetubes together in handle-forming position.
5. A portable parcel carrier comprising a collapsible wire frameworkadapted to fold from a flat collapsed position to open position, inwhich latter position the framework defines a rectilinear structure,said framework consisting of a U-shaped bottom frame-element consistingof a transversely extending bight and two spaced parallel upstandinglegs each of which is rigidly provided at its upper end with ahinge-element, four substantially U-shaped frame-members each hinged toand radiating outwardly from the hinge-elements, a collapsible shelloperatively mounted on the framework for forming an open-toppedrectilinear receptacle when the framework is in open position,ground-engaging wheels operatively mounted on the framework and beingpositioned for projecting downwardly below the bottom of the shell whenthe latter is in open receptacle-forming position, handleforming meansassociated with the framework, said handle-forming means comprising apair of tubes each being pivoted at one end to the bight portion of oneof the frame-members, a U-shaped member having its legs telescopicallyfitted in the tubes for extending upwardly therefrom when the frameworkis in open position, brace rods hingedly connected to the U-shapedmember and to one of the other frame-members for supporting the U-shaped member in handle-forming position and means for optionallylocking the U-shaped member and the tubes together in handle-formingposition.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,033,324 Judge et al. July 23, 1912 1,060,697 Newerf May 6, 19131,769,418 Cooper et al. July 1, 1930 2,313,884 Mattoon Mar. 16, 19432,571,442 Griffith Oct. 16, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 382,776 Germany Oct. 6,1923
| 2024-03-22 | 1954-12-31 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1958-04-29"
} |
US-25341228-A | Hydraulic control means
Sept. 13, 1932. F. N. wHrrEsELl. 1,877,102
HYDRAULIC CONTROL MEANS Original Filed Nov. 6, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet' lSept. 13, 1,932. F. yN. wHlTEsELL HYDRAULIC CONTROL MEANS originenAFiled Nov. 6, 1926 I5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 13, 1932. F. N. wHlTEsELLHYDRAULIC CONTROL MEANS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 original Filed Nov. e. 192elNVENToR i Patented Sept. 13, 1932 UNITED STATES FREDERICK N. WHITSELL,OF' CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO FAIRBANK-S, 'MORSE & l
PATENT OFFICE /1 CO., 0F CHICAGOQILLINOIS, AA-CORlPORATION OF ILLINOIS`HiDRAULIc CONTROL Manns4 Original application filed N ovember,
4ling the winding drum of automatic hoists,
whereby the bucket or skip will be hauled up to the storage bin, dumped,lowered to the loading hopper and started on its upward trip againwithout any attention from an attendant.
l .Another object of my device is to provide automatic hydrauliccontrolling means for a drum hoist, which prvides maximum safety i inoperation, and which has means associated therewith for automaticallystopping the drum in' case the regula-r cycle of operation isinterrupted o r interfered with for any cause, y
A further obj ect of my invention is to provide means whereby thehoisting mechanism `.is automatically `,stopped whenever the pressure inthe hydraulicvsystem is, for any cause, lowered beyond a pre-determinedvalue.
A stillfurther object of-my invention is to provide, in a hoistingmechanism of the class described, a control cylinder and piston -havingmeans for retarding the action of the piston for any pre-determinedlength of time and at any predetermined position of the pis- Furtherobjects and advantages of this invention'will appear from the drawingsand the description thereof, and from my co- 'pending application,Serial No. 146,7 20, filed Nov. 6, 1926, issued as Patent No. 1,766,236,
June. 24, 1930, of which the present subjectA matter` is a'division. AAlthough my invention consists lar ely 1n the construction andarrangement o parts hereinafter described and particularly pointl ed outin the claims, yet I do vnot limit -my invention to theprecise form orconstruction. of parts shown or the several parts thereof,
inasmuch as .various alterations may be made without-changing the scopeof my lnvention. In theV drawings, Fig. 1 is a'dlagrammatio 1926, SerialNo. 146,720. Divided and this application led February 10, 1928. SerialNo. 253,412.
showing of a preferred form of my hydraulic system; Fig. 2 is a detailelevation, partly in section, of the hydraulic operatingv cylinder andvalve; Fig. 3 is a' fragmentary detail view of my control-piston valvestem; Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4 4 in Fig. 3;Fig. 5 is a sectional view, taken along the line 5-'5 in Fig. 3; Fig. 6is a fragmentary sectional elevationy of a modified form ofv my valvestem and operating pistofn; Fig. 7 is an elevational view of a modifiedform of valve stem; and`Fig. 8
is a sectional elevation of a modified form of myV valve ring; Fig. 9isa plan view of a preferred safety cylinder; Fig. 10 is a sectionalelevation taken along theline 9-9 in Fig. 9 and showing, in addition,the safe-V ty control rods and lever; Fig. 11- is a fragmentary view ofmy safety control rod and lever shown in Fig. 10, but shown in a neutralposition.
rllhe reference characters o f the drawings represent like parts throuhout the several views, and are the same as t ose. appearing in myapplication of Serial No. 146,720. The same system of reference is usedin order better to co-ordinate the subject matter of both the presentand the parent applications.
It will be understood that the hydraulic operating mechanism or motorherein described is but one example or embodiment of the presentinvention, and that substantial changes may be made in the describedconstruction without departing from the scope and spirit of theinvention, and its underlying principles. The present example isarranged for operative connection with a control shaft,
such as 52, by the movements of which av full 'automatic control ofother mechanism, such as a drum hoist, is effected. The connectionsbetween shaft 52 and the hoisting mechanism` proper form no part of thepresent invention,
but may .be made as set forth in my co-pending application', mentionedabove.
The control shaft 52 may be 'operated by means of hand lever 53,preferably rigidly atmatically by means of a preferred form of myhydraulic operating mechanism through quadrant Gland link 62. Quadrant61 is tached thereto, or it may be operated auto- Y My hydraulicoperating mechanism preferably consists of an operating cylinder 68having a double ended piston 69, adapted to operate therein (see Fig.2). A rocker arm 7 0, preferably having afixed pivot 71', car- ,underthe action of springs 7 8.
ried` in any suitable manner by cylinder 68, is preferabl lemployed to`connect piston'69 to link 62 W ich operates quadrant 61. Piston 69 ispreferably provided at each end with a workin head 72 and 72, each ofwhich heads prefera ly carries a sliding stemrnember 73 and 73 attachedthereto in any suitable manner, and preferably haviiig a lluted crosssection as shown in Fig. 5 with the exception of 'solid portion 79. 74'and 74 designate the cylinder head members for cylinder 68, preferablyprovided with openings 75 and 7 5 through which stems 73 and 73 areadapted to project. End-caps 76 and 76 are preferably attached tocylinder heads 74 and 74, serving to enclose stems, 73 and 73 when atthe outer end of their strokes. Within the cylinder heads, andpreferably adapted to surround each of the stems, are annular valverings 77 and 77 ,-preferably held apart by meansl of springs 7 8. ,Theserings preferably form a close movable'it about thestems and preferablybear againstthe inner end of the end-caps 76 and 76 and the shoulder 78of cylinder heads 74 and 7 4 respectively,
The function of the inner valve ring 77 is, to co-act with a solidportion 79 (see Fig. 4) on stems 73 and 73 to close completely openings75 and at such times when the piston has moved to positions where thesolid portions 79 are directly in contact with the rings 77 Byass valveopenings 80 and 80 are preferab y-provided in the cylinder heads so asto connect the interior of the cylinder heads with the interior of thecylinder 68 at either end. These by-pass valve openings are preferablycontrolled by means of adjustable needle valve members 81 and 81 whichmay be `provided with suitable lock nuts 82 for maintaining any desiredadjustment. Suit- -able pipes 83 and 83 are preferably provided andadapted to connect the interior of'each of said cylinder heads 74 and 74with a four- Way valve 84. Valve 84 is connected with an inlet pipe 85,a drain pipe 86, and may be provided with a rotary valvemember 87,having' passages 88 and 89 therein and adapted to connect each ofthelcylinder head pipes 83 and 83- alternately to the inlet and to thedrain.` lA suitable. lever servesto'operate the valve member 87.
It will be understood that while Ishow a valve of the rotary type, I donot limit my- Lerares self to the use of any particular type .of valveor valves for performin these functions.
ber 87 rotated so as to connect pipe 85 to pipe 83', it will be seenthat fluid under pressure will be applied to working face 72 of piston69 .through the luted passagesof` stem 73 and through opening 75. At thesame time, pipe 83 of cylinder head 74 will be connected to drain pipe86 and the pressure" on working face 72 will be reduced substantially toatmospheric. The piston 69 will therefore be moved to the left (in thegurel' the fluid ahead of face 72 being discharged through opening 75,,the'iuted passages in stem 73 and pipe 83, into drain 86. As piston 69moves to the left it will rotate control shaft 52 in a clock-wise mannerthrough rocker. arm 70, link 62, quadrant 61 and lever 53. This movementof the control'shaft may be used, for example, to stop the hoistingmechanism at either-limit of its travel. If this is the case, a certaintime lag is desirable for the hoist to load or unload. To
this end, it is necessary to retard the action of piston 69 at thispoint. tions 79 of the stems 73 and 73 are preferably so placed thatwhen piston 69 has moved the controls into the position referred toabove, they will start to .co-act with valve rings 77 to close openings75 and 75 into the cylinder. In the preferred construction shown, thetension of springs 78 is preferably so adjusted that the pressure of thefluid being forced out of the cylinder will move the ring -77 away fromshoulder 78 slightly so as to cause the solid portion 79 to coincidewith ring 77 at that end of the piston which is receiving the pressure,slightly in advance of their coincidence at the discharge end. Thisprevents the building up of a sudden pressure at the discharge end ofthe piston and insures that the pressure at the pressure end will alwaysbe in excess of that at the discharge end. It will be noted iny Fig. 2,that ring 77 controlling opening 75 has moved away from shoulder 78under the action of the outgoing fluid ahead of working head 72. Oncethe solid portions 79 have moved into coincidence with rings-77' Thesolidv por? .s-LI
it is evident that no further movement of I piston 6 9 will ltake placeunless pressure be applied v1n some manner'to the working face. This isaccomplished by means of the by-pass openings '80 and l80 controlled byneedle valves 81r and 81.A By setting these valves "at a pre-determinedposition, any amount of fluid 'desired may be admitted -behind theworking face o f the piston, and by this means move ring 77 againstshoulder 78 of head 74 due to the drop in pressure of the outgoing fluidahead of face 72. Fluid under pressure will continue to be admittedbehind face 72 of piston 69, however, through bypass opening 80 and Huidwill be permitted to escape from in front of face 72 through by-,passopening 80. Piston 69 will continue to move, therefore, but it will movevery slowly, the rate of movement being controlled by the needle valves81r and 81. After the solid portion 79 on stem 73 has moved past thering 77 full volume will be admitted behind face 72 through opening 75and piston v69 will begin to move more rapidly to the left (Fig. 2). Atthis instant the consequent rise in pressure ahead of face 72 will forcering 77 away from shoulder 78 of cylinder head 74 and opening 75 will becompletely uncovered to permit substantially unrestricted loW of fluidout of the cylinder ahead of face 72. Movement of the piston to itsextreme left hand position (Fig. 2), moves the control shaft52 in aclockwise direction,
for example, to start the operation of the hoist. When the skip orbucket of the hoist has reached the end of its travel, suitablemechanism (not shown), serves to move a lever 90 to actuate a four-wayvalve 84 to the dotted position in Fig. 2. A suitable 'operating controlfor valve 84 may be seen by reference to my co-pending applicationreferred to above. The described movement of the valve 84 connects apressure inlet pipe 85 to a cylinder head pipe 83 of cylinder head 74,and connects a drain pipe 86 to pipe 83 of cylinder head 74. The piston69 now moves tothe right, (Fig. 2) with an effect on control shaft 5,2similar to that described above, except that the movement is reversed,with respect to directions of motion. The described provision for aneutral position, atime-lag, or loading or unloading interval of ahoist, may be made during each direction of piston movement. It isusually advisable that the motion of piston 69, once a reverse pressureis applied thereto, is very rapid, and that the retarded motion of the fpiston through neutral may be made as slowly as'mdesired. The variousmovements of the piston and the time periods thereof, may obviouslybegregulated to suit the requirements of the mechanism to be controlledby shaft52, or its equivalent. v In Fig. 6 I show a modifiedform of myvalve stem 7 3. Inthis form I prefer to attach the valve stem to theworking face 72 At almost the same heads.
by K ans of-a threaded portion 205,adapted to be screwed into a tappedhole 205 in y the working face, and held in any desired position by anysuitable means such as lock nut 206. It will thus be seen that therelative position of the valve stem may be adjusted with respect to thepiston and that the retarding action as described above, due to theco-action of solid portion 79 and valve rings 77 may be made to occur atany desired position of the piston. By providing my valve stems withv aplurality of solid lportions 79 it is evident that I may secure theabove described retarding action at a plurality of positions of thepiston. In
Fig. 7 I show a form of my valve stem having two such' solid portions 79and it is evident that anynumber may be employed.4
` From an examination of Fig. 8 showing r a modified form `f my valvering 7 7, it will be seen that by varyingthe dimension X of the valvering, I may vary the length of time Vit will take for solid portion 79to move past the valve ring, and therefore vary the period ofretardation of the piston. This would permit a variation of the periodof retardation for any given setting of the bypass valves describedabove, since for any given setting of the by-pass valve, thegreater thedimension X, the greater will be the period of retardation. VVhileI showa valvel ring 77 adapted t0 co-act with the solid portion or portions 79` on thevalve stems, I may eliminate the ring member 77 entirely byproportioning the valve stem and the openingsv and 75 such that the stemmakes a tightmoving fit in the opening. Such a construction wouldoperate just as effectively to close openings 75 and 75 at the desiredtimes, but would require more accurate machine work in aligning thepiston and valve stems with the cylinder The elimination of the valverings 77 would not, however, make my invention inoperativein any sense.
When the described hydraulic operating mechanism is utilized for thecontrol'of auto- -matic machinery of any kind, for example an automatichoist, it is advisable to make provision for an emergency, such asfailure'of pressure, for any reason, in the hydraulic system. Suchprovision is made in the present instance, by ,la safety mechanism, apreferred if Lerares @take the threaded ends of bolts 132. The
heads of these bolts are adapted to bear against flange 133 of head 126,and the function of the bolts is to maintain the relative position ofcap 130 and member 129. It
` will be seen that as bolts 132 are screwed into lugs 131, cap 130 willbe moved to the left as arsimple and positive means for adjusting ythecompression of a resilient member, such as spring 134 adapted to operatelwithin the chamber' 135 formed by member 129 and the inner surface ofcap 130. Spring 134 is.,v adapted to operate between the inside end ofcap 130 and a piston 136, to force the piston to the left in cylinder125 (Fig. 10). Piston 136 preferably carries a piston rod 137 whichprojects through opening 138 in cap 130 and is supported at its free endby means of any suitable bearing member 139. The compression of spring134 is so adjusted, by means of bolts 132, that when the fluid pressurewithin cylinder 125 ahead of piston 136 falls below a pre-determinedvalue, the spring will move the piston 136 and rod 137 to itseXtreme-head-end position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 10. Thecompression is such, however, that when the fluid pressure in thehydraulic system reaches a predetermined value, the consequent pressureupon lpiston 136 through the agency of pipe connection 128 will forcethe piston to the right against the pressure of spring 134 to the posiv.means of the pins 141 and are provided at their opposite ends withslotted members 143, Within which rollers 144, at either end ofvdouble-ended lever 145, are adapted to operate. Lever' 145 may besecured to control Y shaft 52, either by 'a key, or through somesuitable form of clutch, (not shown), to permit disengagement of thesafety mechanism isl desired.
- The operation of my described form of safety device will be readilyseen by an` eX-v amination of Figs. 9., 10and 11. When the mechanism isoperating normally, and full pressure is maintained in the hydraulicsys-A tem, piston 136 and rod 137 will occupy substantially the positionshown in Fig. 10. Rods 142 will therefore have 'substantially theposition shown with respect to lever'145 and it will be seen that, dueto the pivoted mountings of rods 142 and the length of the slots` inmembers 143, lever 145 may be rotated either clockwise orcounter-clockwise with when manual operation of the control shaftcontrol shaft 52 during normal operation. This is shown by the dottedpositions of lever 145 ,in Fig. 10. Should the hydraulic presf' sure inthe system fall below a pre-determined lpressure, for any reason, spring134 will move piston 136 and rod 137 to the left in Fig. 10 untilslotted members 143 have reached the position with respect to lever 145and rollers 144, shown in Fig. 11. Due to the fact that cross head 140is rigidly held on rod 137, the effect of the left-hand move-` ment ofrod 137 will always be to move lever 145 .to the vertical positionshown. This is 'for y evident from an examination of the dottedv sible,the effect of a drop in pressure in the hydraulic system will alwaysmove lever 145 to a vertical position.r Since lever 145 is preferably soconnected to control shaft 52 that when the lever is in a verticalposition, the shaft is so set that all controlsare in neutral, it isevident that a drop in pressure in the hydraulic system, for lanyreason, will immediately and automatically set all controls in neutraland stop the hoist or other equipment.
The-major parts of the hydraulic system have been described in detailabove, preceding the following descriptive matter relating to thepressure supply means and the, fluid connec'ting conduits. The lastmentioned description will be more readily understood when presented inthis order.
A preferred arrangement of my'hydraulic system is shown in Fig. 1.
adapted to be driven from a suitable source of power. Pump 156 isconnected at its suctionv In this ligure, 156 denotes a pump of anysuitable type.
pipe 85. Pipe 85, as described above, is connected at one end to thefour-Way control valve 84, and it is preferably connected at the otherend to the base 162 of an accumulator,
whose function it is to .maintain a constant Vpressure yin the hydraulicsystem. The pres- 4 '177 is connected to pressure release valve 117 atone end, and at the otherend to each end of operating cylinder 68through one-way checkvalves 17 8 so that if for any reasonthe pressureat either end of piston 68 rises momentarily above .the normal pressurein the System, this increase in pressure will be rei lieved throughthese check valves, andluid .will ioW from' the cylinder into the safetypressure system until normal pressure' is restored. Pipe 128 to thesafety cylinder 1 25, is connected to pipe 17 7,as shown, so thatcylinder 125 will be at normal operating pressure at all times, asdescribed above. Pressure release valve 117 is connected at its outletopening (not shown) to drain pipe 86 by means of pipe 86, so that ifvalve 117 is opened, as eX- plained above,` the pressure in pipe 177,and
consequently in pipe 85, will drop to atmospheric, and the safetycylinder 125 will return all controls to neutral and stop the drivenmechanism. Pipe 86provides for the return of fluid to the system throughpipes 86 and- As a means for cutting-off the pressure to the Control.valve 84, land consequently, to the control cylinder 68, immediately thepressure release valve 117 operates, I prefer to insert a cut-off valve180 in the pressure pipe 85. Valve 180, which may be of any suitableconstruction, is controlled by means of a stem 181, a lever 182 pivotedat 183 and' attached at 184 to a plunger rod 185. A suitable adjustingWeight 186 is also-attached tothe free end of lever 182. Plunger rod 185may be operated by anyY suitable form of plunger (not shoWn)` Working incylinder 187 and connected to the safety pressure system through pipe179. It will be seen that as the fluid pressure is built up in thepressure and safety systems, the plunger (not shown) in cylinder 187will be forced upward, under the action of this pressure, therebyopening valve 180 against the action of Weight 186. As soon, however, aspressure release valve 117 releases the pressure in the system, Weight186 will close valve 180, thereby permitting the pressure in b'oth endsof cylinder 68 to drop to atmospheric. Thus when safety cylinder 125returns the controls to neutral, it will not have to move piston69against a pressure, and the setting of shaft 52 Willnot be retarded. ll
In operation, it Will be seen that as soon as pump' 156 is operated, itWill begin to build up a fluid pressure in the main pressure pipe 85 andsafety pressure pipe 177', which pressure is maintained atsubstantiallya constant value by means of the accumulator. As soon as this fluidpressure is 'built up, cut-olf valve` 180 opens and the mechanism isready for operation. If. for any reason, release valve 117 is trippedthe pressure in the safety system Will at once fall to zero. cutfofl'valve 180 Will close, and safety cylinder 125 Will act to set i, to itsclosedposition, and until the fluid pressure has hadsuliicient time tore-set safety cylinder 125 in its normal running position4 through therestricted feeder pipe 178 and open cut-olf valve 180.
From the above description of parts and their operation, it will be seenthat I have provided. a complete hydraulic control system, susceptibleof a variety 'of modifications for different uses,'the essentialfeaturesof which may be vemployed for direct actuation of certain typesof apparatus, as Well as for effecting an automatic control thereof.
` I claim:
1. In a hydraulic control system, a cylinder having a fluid supplyopening therein, a piston in said cylinder, a Huid valve assembly forsaid cylinder comprising a supply valve member carried by said pistonsaid` member having a passage extended into the cylinder, and a valveportion fixedly spaced from the piston face and a second valve memberhaving an opening therein adapted to receive said first namedlvalvemember, said valve members coacting to open and close said supplyopening.
2. In a hydraulic control system, a cylinder having a fluid supplyopenlng in one of its Walls, and a piston4 1n said cylinder, a fluidsupply valve assembl for said cylinder comprising a valve mem er adaptedto be actu` ated by'said piston and including a valve portion Xedlyspaced from the piston face, a spring pressed valveV ring adapted toreceive and co-act with said valve portion to control the passage offluid through the opening in said cylinder.
3. In a uid operated mechanism, a double-- ended operating cylinderhaving a fluid -supply opening at each end thereof, a piston lforcontrolling admission of fluid through said openings. v
4. kIn a fluid actuated mechanism, a doubleended operating cylinderhaving a fluid supply opening at each end thereof, a piston havin aWorking face at each end thereof and a apted to opera-te in saidcylinder, means external to the cylinder, for the selective applicationof fluid pressure to said faces, a movably disposed valve seat for eachof said supply openings, and valve members carried by said faces eachequally and xedly spaced therefrom and adapted to coact with said valveseats for substantially closing said openings at a pre-determinedposition of the piston.
5. In a hydraulic actuating mechanism, a cylinder having an opening in aWall thereof,
a fluid-operated vpiston in said cylinder, a
longitudinally grooved rod constituting a valve element secured to thepiston, and having a portion of even diameter, said. rod 'extendingthrough said opening and said even portion adapted to serve as a closurefor v closure means for the port, including a rod member secured to thepiston, and extending through said port, the rod having portions ofdifferent cross section,-a,n auxiliary port, adapted to admit fluid tosupplement the flow-through said supply port,and means associated withthe auxiliary port adapted to controlthe movement of fluid therethrough.8. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a uid supply port therein, a pistontherein, and means for retarding the supply of fluid to the pistonbetween limits of its travel, said means including a" pair of-valveelements,
one of the elements having an aperture therein adapted to receive theother element,
whereby said elements are adapted to coact to close said supply port,one vof the elements being aflixed in spaced relation I, to-
the piston, y l
9. In a -hydraulic motor, a cylinder having a fluid supply port, apiston operable in the cylinder, and means for retarding the supply offluid to the piston for a predeter-l mined period between limits of itstravel, 40 said means comprising a rod member affixed to the piston, apair of valve elements carried by the rod member and movable intocoincidence adjacent said port; and means for i regulating 'saidperiodof retardation of the piston.
' l0. ln a hydraulic motor, a'cylinder having vvan inlet port, a pistonoperable in the cylinder, and means for arresting the move- P ment oflthe piston for a predetermined peri'od between its limits 'of travel,said means .including a valve having a closure element arranged toreciprocate with the piston and a resiliently positioned, apertured.member lcarried and adapted for actuation by said element, the memberand element coacting to constitute a closure for the inlet port.y
l1. A hydraulic motor comprising a cylinder, a piston operable therein,means forming a port for admitting fluid to the cylinder, @and means,vincluding' an element afiixed to the pistoman apertured memberca'rriedby the element and yieldably positioned adjacent said admissionport, said member adapted to be moved by said element into registrationWith a portion thereof, whereby to nemica between its limits of travel;one of said valves comprising a valve-member carried by the piston andaspring-pressed ring providing a seat for said valve member, the other ofsaid valves comprising an adjustable port, adapted to admit a reducedvolume of Working fluid when said first named valve is closed.
13. In a fluid pressure mechanism, an operating cylinder, a Apistonadapted to move therein, a passage for supplying fluid to said cylinder,and means actuated b y said piston for automatically varying thequantity of fluid` admitted through said passage, said means includinga-rod member having a portion-of relatively enlarged cross section, anda spring pressed sleevevmember, each ofsaid members arranged formovement by the piston one of 'said members being affixed to the piom-and carrying the other member, said members adapted forrelativemovement7 one along another to control admission of fluid through saidpassage. Y
14. In a hydrauliomotor, adapted for operation atvariable speeds inpredetermined cycles, an4 operatinor cylindenhaving a piston adapted tomove tlierein, a main inletport arranged to supply fluid to thecylinderduring the major portion of the ,cycleof operation, and anauxiliary inletport', for supplying fluid to said cylinder duringoperation of the moto-r at relatively reduced speeds, means including anelement afiixed to said piston for automatically varying the rate of owof fluid through said main port intosaid cylinder, andmeans forregulating thesupply of fluid through the auxiliary port, during periodsof ort. v 15. .Ina hydraulic control device, 'a fluidoperated pistonmotor including acylinder having a main inlet port a valve for the mainport includingA an ele-ment secured to the piston, and 'provided with aportion arranged to obstruct said port and reduce the rate of pistonmovement in an intermediate p portion of its path, an auxiliary inletport,
arranged tol supply fluid to said cylinder independently of the mainport, and an adjustable valvei for regulating fiovvv through theauxiliary port, whereby said valves are "adapted conjointly to controlinlet fluid movement. v
FREDERICK N. WHITE'SELL.
reduced flow through said main
| 2024-03-22 | 1928-02-10 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1932-09-13"
} |
US-1912674909-A | Starting device for explosive-engines.
H. S. RAUCH. STARTING DEVICE FOR EXPLDSIVE ENGINES. APrLIoATIoH FILED1111.2, 1912.
1,089,962', Patented Mar. 1o, 1914,
HENRY S. RAUCH, OF JACKSON, MICHIGAN.
STARTING DEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE-ENGINES.
Losanna.
Speciication of Letters Patent.
Application filed February 2, 1912.
Patented Mar. 1t), 191 ft. Serial No. 674,909.
T all whore it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY S. Ration,
A a citizen of the United States, residing at Jackson, in the county ot'Jackson and State of Michigan, have invented certain new anduseful'lrnprovements in Starting Devices for Explosive-Engines, of whichthe following is a specification.
This invention relates to starting devices for explosive-engines, and ithas :tor one ol its objects' the provision of a mechanism which ishand-operable and adapted to rotate the engine shaft several times forcach straight-line movement of the operating lever.
The invention has, furthermore, for its object the provision of novelmeans for automatically connecting' and .disconnecting the handoperatcdshaft ot' the device with and from the engine-shaft, :ll as will hereinafter appear and be partieularl)7 defined in the claims.
The invention has been clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings,iu which similar characters denote similar parts, and in which'- Figurel is a top view of my in'iproved device, Fig. Q is an end View thereof,Fig.
.8 shows xa central longitudinal section of the same, Fig. ft is a viewcorrespmiding to Fig". 1, and illustrates an interinediate position oilsome ot' the parts during t'heiroperation, Fig. Vi is a section on line5, of Figi'. l, on an enlarged scale, and Fig. 6 represents theelement'` shown in Fig. 5 in another position.
Brieflyl stated the present device is intended to replace the crankeommonly used when starting' an explosive engine oF the compressiontype. especially `in automobiles, power boats, and the like, so that ahand lever may he used with a single stroke in one direction to turn theengine-shaft over a. number ot times and thus start the engineunder itsown power, whcreup m the hand lever may be allowed to return and toauto-b matically disengage. the operalinn memher ol the device vtrom theengine sha t't.
Rdferrine; to the drawings, 10 denotes a base plate provided with ways'll for slidably supporting a reriprm-atorv slide 12. Thisslidl-i hashearings 13, lt in which is journaled a shal't l5 which eonstitutes thedriving: rnemher loi; the engine shaft. lli to which it may be coupledhv a clutch menthol' 17 cooperative with a similar member 18 on theengine shaft 16. The driver 15 earrles a bevel pinion 19 fast thereon ineonstant engagement with a sector 20 journalcd on a stud'Ql seeurel)7held in the slide l. An extension 22 on the sector may be emploved toconnect the latter by a rod 2S with the hand-lever (not shown), fornetnating the device. A torsional springlr Q-t surrounds the shaft. 15and has one end at tached to the pinion 19, as at Qt', whileits otherend 2li rests against the upper face of the slide. the organizationheine such that said spring will return the shaft and sector rotativetvto the position shown in l* 1g. 1, 1n which the device is shown normal,
and the retrograde movcmentof the sertorl limited b v a stop'pin 2strikingr against a holding-plate QG whereby proper mesh is n'mintainedbetween the sector and pinion, as will be readiliy understood.
.From the foregoing' it will he seen that.,V
a pull exerted on tho rod 23 in the. direction ot arrow n., Fig. 1, theshaft. 15 will he rotated, and, in order to bring the clutch members 1Rinto engagement. so that the rotation ol the sha'l't 15 may ho utilitedto operate the engine-shaft siumltauoously, the entire slide 1Q togetherwith all the parts carried thereby, is positively moved toward the leftin Fig. l, the result heiner aecomplished by a roller 27 rotatable on astud' Q8 held in the hase 10, (see also Fig. 5), and engaging a 'cam 99on the sector during its lmtlal rotative movement. This means,
that the slidel 1Q will he moved bodily, with the sector, pinion. shaft,and clutch memher 17 until the latter has tullv engaged the clutchmember 18, (see Fig. 4l whereupon the engine shaft lwill be carriedalongr rotatively, and the torsional spring 24 placed under additionaltension. lVhen now the engine starts under its own power, and natu rallyat a greatly accelerated speed, the cam faces of the clutch-members willmerely push the slide hack; the. same thing will also occur when thepull on the rod 23 is released` in which case a spring 30 will tend topull .the slide and all its parts hack to normal position, e.\'eeptinf,l that the roller Q7 may come to rest against the inner 'face 31 ot'the seetor-rim- Means are. therefore, provided for permittingr the iullreturn movement, rotatively, of the sector wit-hout necessarily movimgYthe slide forward again'.
Tn thc present instance l aeeomplisln thi-S- result by cutting theunderside 2V of the be depressed during the 'return movementA of thesector, as indicated by arrow7 Ae iti may happen that the forward.
movement of the slide l2 may bring the ad jacent faces of the clutchmembers into abutting relation, it may be desirable to render theengine-shaft member i8 slightly yieldable, as for inst-ance by a spring33 interposed between said member and a Collar 34 fixed on the shaft i6.
Many Qhanges may be made in the particular eonetruetien and organizationof Some of the component elements of my improved device Withoutdeparting; from the spirit of the invention.
l claim l. rlChe combination with, an engine shaft, and a clutch memberthereon, of a driving shaft, a clutch member thereon, a slide on.
'which said driving shaft is journaled, sta tionary Support tor Saidslide, and a manually operable element carried by said slide andcooperating with Said driving Shaft and its support te Shiftv Said slideand driving shaft toward the engine shaft and simultaneously revolvesaid driving shaft,
2. The eon'ibiimtion with an. engine Shaft, and aeluteh membertl'iereon, ot' a driving shaft, a elnteh member thereon, a Slide onwhich Said drivin ehatt journaled, a Stationar Supper' 'for Said Slide,and a sector carried l Slide and cooperating with said di .ng flf; andits support to shift the said slide and driving Shaft toward the lengineshaft and simultaneously revolve said driving shaft.
3. The eombiinition with-an engine shaft, and a dutch infiamlierthereon, o1 a driving shaft, a lLuton member thereon, a siide for 'el dshaft, a sector jour- .i rotating said driving meas.,.' emiti'elled bythe move 'd set-tor for movin?` said slide to `aid elnteh members intoengagement.
i, eon'ibination with a trame, and an engine oit a driving shaft.,
clutch member thereon,
a Slide for sui'n'uorting Said driving ghett, a `sector jonrnaled ensaid elide for rotating said driving ehu tt, an abutment on the frame,and a nain eontrolled by the movement et att, and a Clutch memberthereon,y
said sector and engaging said abutment for moving Said slide to bringsaid clutch members into engagement.
5. The combination with 'an engine shaft, of a stationary base plate, aslide movable thereon, a shaft journaled on said slide, a sector pivotedon said slide and adapted to rotate said shaft, and means controlled bythe movement of said sector for advancing said Slide and shaft towardthe engine shaft.
G. The combination with an engine shaft, oit astationary base plate, aslide movable thereon, a shaft journaled on said slide, a Sector pivotedon Said slide and adapted to rotate said shaft, an abutment on theplate, and a cam on said Sector and enga-ging said abutment foradvaneing Said Slide and sha-ft toward the engine shaft.
7. rlie combination with an engine shaft, 'of a` Stationary base plate,an abutment on Said plate, a slide movable thereon, a Shaft journaled onsaid slide, a sector pivoted on said -elide and adapted to rotate saidShaft, and a cam on said Seetorf adapted to engage said abutment foradvancing said slide and shaft toward the engine shaft, and means forreturningcsaid Slide to `norma-l position.
8. The combination with an engine shaft, ot stationary base plate, anabutment on Said base plate, aslide'movable thereon, a Shaft journaledon said slide, a sector pivoted on said slide and adapted to rotate Saidshaitt. and a cam on said sector adapted to engage said abutment foradvancing Said slide and Shaft toward the engine shaft, and a Spring'for returning said slide to normal position.
9. The combination with an engine shaft, of a stationary base plate, anabut-ment on said base plate, a slide movablethereon, a shaft journaledon Said slide, a. sector pivoted on said slide and adapted to rotatesaid shaft, and a cam en said sector adapted to engage said abutment foradvancing said slide and shaft toward the engine shaft, andl means forreturning said Slide to normal position, said abutment beingnon-operative during the return movement of Said sector`- in testimonywhereof aiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.
nennt e. einen. "Witnesses f Besoin Cox, H. D. MACDONALD.
| 2024-03-22 | 1912-02-02 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1914-03-10"
} |
US-39052364-A | Method of forming duplicate bottles by heat shrinking
Oct. 17, 1967 R. D. HANNA 3,347,970
METHOD OF FORMING DUPLICATE BOTTLES BY HEAT SHRINKING Filed Aug. 19,1964 o I'lll" I I. I. I. I
RUSSELL D. HANNA AGENT INVENTOR United States Patent M 3,347,970 METHOD(PF FORMING DUPLICATE BOTTLES BY HEAT SHRINKING Russell 2). Hanna,Hockessin, DeL, assignor to Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Del., acorporation of Deiaware Filed Aug. 19, 1964, Ser. No. 390,523 2 Claims.(Cl. 264-230) This invention relates to the packaging art. Particularly,this invention relates to plastic squeeze tubes and to a novel methodfor their manufacture.
More particularly, this invention relates to the manufacture of plasticsqueeze tubes from circumferentially oriented plastic tubing which iscapable of shrinking upon the application of heat.
Plastic squeeze tubes, sometimes referred to as squeezeto-use tubes,have gained wide acceptance as a means for packaging such diverseproducts as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, household chemicals, petroleumproducts, and industrial chemicals. They offer the consumer bothprotection and long shelf life for the packaged product. They keep thepackaged product fresh and pure until entirely used, and dispense theproduct in the amount desired.
This invention is directed to a novel method for the manufacture ofplastic squeeze tubes and to the plastic squeeze tubes thus produced.
For a complete understanding of this invention, reference is made to thefollowing detailed description and drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a view in perspective of a mandrel;
FIG. 2 is an end view of the mandrel of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of circumferentiallyoriented plastic tubing supported on two axially aligned mandrels;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the plastic tubing andmandrels after the tubing has been shrunk;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a shaped tube separatedinto two squeeze tubes; and
FIG. 6 is a view in perspective of a capped, filled, and sealed plasticsqueeze tube.
Broadly, in accordance with this invention, circumferentially orientedplastic tubing, a portion of which is supported internally by a suitablyshaped mandrel, is subjected to heat whereby the internally unsupportedportion thereof shrinks about and in conformity with a portion of themandrel to provide a shaped tube which, after removal of the mandrel,can be employed as a plastic squeeze tube simply by capping, filling,and end sealing.
Circumferentially oriented plastic tubing is known in the art.Circumferential orientation of plastic tubing is usually accomplished byexpanding extruded tubing, usually substantially immediately afterextrusion, under controlled temperature conditions to produce optimumorientation. One method of making circumferentially oriented tubing isdisclosed and described in US. Patent No. 2,821,155.
Circumferentially oriented tubing can be prepared from certainthermoplastic resins such as the polyolefins such, for example, aspolyethylene and polypropylene; the polyesters such as poly(ethyleneterephthalate) the vinyl polymers and copolymers such as poly(vinylchloride), poly (vinyl dichloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), and thecopolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate; polystyrene; and thelike. The tubing used will be of suitable dimensions to provide asqueeze tube of desired shape and of desired strength properties. Thewall thickness of the tubing can vary but usually will be of the orderof from about mils to 50 mils. The inner diameter of the tubing willusually be of the order of from about /2 inch to 2 inches. Tubing ofsmaller or larger inner diameters can be used if desired.
Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 of the drawing, there is shown mandrel itwhich is used to prepare squeeze tubes in accordance with thisinvention. The mandrel 10 is comprised of an elongated, cylindrical bodyportion 12 of substantially uniform cross-sectional diameter, a shoulder portion 14 which can be of any desired shape, but preferably is inconical form as illustrated, and a screwthreaded cylindrical neckportion 16 which has a crosssectional diameter less than that of bodyportion 12.
The mandrel employed in this invention can be prepared from anydimensionally stable material that will not be affected adversely by theheat required to shrink the circumferentially oriented plastic tubingemployed. Thus, the mandrel can be prepared from such materials as wood;glass; metal, such as stainless steel and aluminum; thermoset resinssuch as the phenolic resins; and thermoplastic resins such aspolytetrafiuoroethylene. The surface of the mandrel can have appliedthereto, if desired, to facilitate separation of the mandrel and theshaped tubing, a mold release agent such, for example, as the knownsiliconetype mold release agents. Metal mandrels can be sandblasted toprovide thereon a matte surface which will prevent excessive adhesion ofthe shaped tubing. The mandrel can be either solid or hollow, and can beprovided with suitable internal cooling means if desired.
In carrying out this invention, it is preferred to use two co-acting,axially aligned mandrels to prepare a shaped tube which can besubsequently divided into two squeeze tubes. As shown in FIG. 3 of thedrawing, two mandrels, 20 and 22, are placed neck-to-neck and maintainedin axial alignment by suitable means such as an aligning pin, not shown,so as to have the tip of the screw-threaded neck portion of one mandreladjacent the tip of the screwthreaded neck portion of the other mandrel.The tips of the screw-threaded neck portions can be maintained inabutting relationship, if desired, or they can be spaced slightly apart,as shown. The mandrels, 20 and 22, support internally on theirrespective body portions, circumferentially oriented plastic tubing 24.The inner diameter of tubing 24 will be at least that of thecross-sectional diameter of the body portions of the mandrels andpreferably slightly larger so that it can be easily and readily placedin position on the mandrels. As will be noted, the tubing is unsupportedinternally in that area where it surrounds the respective shoulder andneck portions of the mandrels, 2i and 22.
After the tubing 24 has been positioned on mandrels 2t) and 22, theunsupported portion of the tubing is heated to cause disorientation andshrinking of the tubing into conformity with the respective shoulder andscrew-threaded neck portions of the mandrels 20 and 22 as shown in FIG.4 of the drawing to provide shaped tube 30.
Heating of tubing 24 can be accomplished by immersing the assembly shownin FIG. 3 into a bath of heated mercury, diethylene glycol, mineral oil,or other suitable liquid that will not boil or evaporate excessively attubing-shrinking temperatures. Alternatively, shrinking of the tubingcan be achieved by open gas flames converging at the unsupported centralportion of tubing 24 through which the assembly is passed, or by anelectric heating coil spaced about the central portion of the asembly.An effective method for heating the central, unsupported portion. oftubing 24 is by directing thereover a stream of hot air or steam untilthe required shrinking has taken place. It is recommended that thetubing be heated uniformly to avoid distortion of or wrinkles in theshaped tube 30, and the mandrels and tubing can be rotated, if desired,to facilitate uniform heating. The exact temperature to which theunsupported portion of tubing 24 is heated will depend on the propertiesof the resin or polymeric material from which it is formed. Thedetermination of a suitable temperature is within the skill of thoseversed in the art.
The shaped tube 30 is subsequently cooled to room temperature,preferably while still in position on mandrels and and 22.. Aftercooling, the shaped tube 30 is removed from the mandrels. This is easilyand readily ac complished by rotating each mandrel by suitable means,not shown, in a direction opposite to the lead of the screw threads ofthe respective neck portion of the mandrels, while simultaneouslyexerting a force in the direction of withdrawal. For ease of removal,rotation of the mandrels is preferably continued until they arecompletely removed from the shaped tube 30.
As shown in FIG. 5, the shaped tube 30 is subsequently divided into twosqueeze tubes 40 and 42 by cutting with a lmife, circular saw, or thelike, the shaped tube 34} at about the linear center thereof. Anotherhighly satisfactory method of dividing shaped tube 34) is by passing aheated wire through the linear center thereof. When the mandrels arespaced apart as shown in FIG. 4 of the drawing, the shaped tube can bedivided while it is still in position on the mandrels simply by passinga severing means through the tube and through the space between themandrel tips.
The squeeze tube 40 is comprised of an elongated, tubular body portion44, and integral therewith a dispenser end 46 comprised of a shoulderportion 48 and an apertured screw-threaded nozzle 50. Similarly, squeezetube 42 is comprised of an elongated tubular body portion 52, and adispenser end 54 comprised of shoulder portion 56 and an aperturedscrew-threaded nozzle 58.
The squeeze tube is capped by applying to the screwthreaded nozzle ascrew-threaded cap that can be prepared from any suitable material suchas a thermoset resin such, for example, as a phenolic resin or aureaformaldehyde resin. Satisfactory caps can be prepared also fromthermoplastic resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Threadedcaps can be prepared by any suitable method such as byinjection-molding. The elongated tubular body portion of the cappedsqueeze tube is then filled from the open end thereof with the productto be packaged. After filling, the open end is sealed shut to provide acapped, filled, and sealed squeeze tube 60. Sealing of the filling endcan be accomplished by heat sealing means or by the use of an ultrasonicsealing head. Other suitable sealing means can be employed if desired,such, for example, as a crimped metal end closure.
In the above-described preferred embodiment of this invention, tWo tubesare prepared in one shaped operation. It will be understood that asingle tube can be prepared in a single shaping operation, if desired,by employing a single mandrel. Thus, circumferentially oriented plastictubing of suitable dimensions is placed on a single mandrel similar tomandrel 10 whereby a por tion of the tubing is supported internally bythe body portion of the mandrel and a portion thereof is unsupportedinternally. The unsupported portion of the tubing is heated and shrunkabout and in conformity with the shoulder and screw-threaded cylindricalneck portions of the mandrel. After cooling, the mandrel is removed inthe manner above described.
The circumferentially oriented tubing of this invention can be preparedfrom pigmented resin to provide desired color effects. In addition, thetubing can, after surface preparations, if required, be imprinted withvarious designs, identifying indicia, and the like, prior to shaping. Ifdesired, the necessary printing and the like can be accomplished afterthe squeeze tube has been formed, while still on the mandrel or mandrelsor after removal therefrom, or even after it has been capped, filled,and end sealed.
It is to be understood that the above description and drawing areillustrative of this invention and not in limitation thereof. Forexample, one skilled in the art can easily devise a method and apparatusfor continuous or semi-continuous operation of the process of theinvention.
What I claim and desire to protect by Letter Patent is:
1. A process for the manufacture of plastic squeeze tubes whichcomprises providing a pair of mandrels each having a cylindrical bodyportion of substantially uniform diameter, an externally threaded neckportion of a diameter less than the diameter of the body portion, and ashoulder portion intermediate said body and neck portions, said pair ofmandrels being arranged in axially aligned relation with the neckportions thereof opposed, placing onto said mandrels a tube ofcircumferentially oriented plastic material having an internal diameterslightly larger than the diameter of the body portion of said mandrelswhereby said tube conforms closely to the periphery of said mandrels inthat portion of the tube that surrounds said body portion and is spacedfrom said mandrels in that portion of the tube that surrounds said neckand shoulder portions, heating said tube to shrink the same against themandrels and thereby to shape the same into a pair of squeeze tubeshaving elongated body portions surrounding the body portions of saidmandrels and having dispenser portions integral with the body portionsat the inner ends thereof and surrounding the neck and shoulder portionsof the mandrels and including apertured externally-threaded nozzles,removing said mandrels from said squeeze tubes after cooling the tubesbelow the shrink temperature, and severing said tube in a plane normalto the axis thereof and between the opposed ends of the dispenserportions.
2. A process in accordance with claim 1 for the manufacture of plasticsqueeze tubes in which the heating of said tube is substantiallylocalized to that portion of the tube that surrounds said neck andshoulder portions.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,396,635 3/1946 Bogoslowsky.
2,411,244 11/ 1946 Bogoslowsky.
2,989,785 6/1961 Stahl 264-230 3,133,387 5/1964 Harrison.
FOREIGN PATENTS 8319/61 6/1958 Japan.
ROY B. MOFFI'IT, Primary Examiner.
1. A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PLASTIC SQUEEZE TUBES WHICHCOMPRISES PROVIDING A PAIR OF MANDRELS EACH HAVING A CYLINDRICAL BODYPORTION OF SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM DIAMETER, AN EXTERNALLY THREADED NECKPORTION OF A DIAMETER LESS THAN THE DIAMETER OF THE BODY PORTION, AND ASHOULDER PORTION INTERMEDIATE SAID BODY AND NECK PORTIONS, SAID PAIR OFMANDRELS BEING ARRANGED IN AXIALLY ALIGNED RELATION WITH THE NECKPORTIONS THEREOF OPPOSED, PLACING ONTO SAID MANDRELS A TUBE OFCIRCUMFERENTIALLY ORIENTED PLASTIC MATERIAL HAVING AN INTERNAL DIAMETERSLIGHTLY LARGER THAN THE DIAMETER OF THE BODY PORTION OF SAID MANDRELSWHEREBY SAID TUBE CONFORMS CLOSELY TO THE PERIPHERY OF SAID MANDRELS INTHAT PORTION OF THE TUBE THAT SURROUNDS SAID BODY PORTION AND IS SPACEDFROM SAID MANDRELS IN THAT PORTION OF THE TUBE THAT SURROUNDS SAID NECK | 2024-03-22 | 1964-08-19 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1967-10-17"
} |
US-8508361-A | Orchard platform
April 16, 1963 A. w. MERK ORCHARD PLATFORM 4 Sheets-$heet 1 Filed Jan.26, 1961 s x Q m A WW W "M NV QN, v W K m w Nb O0 A W o 4 am $9 9 W0 O ON v vwwv mw v m Q ow ow wm Em Q R April 16, 1963 A. w. MERK ORCHARDPLATFORM 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 26, 1961 QN vm Andrew W. Mark [N IENTOR 9 BY waorfia...
April 16, 1963 A. w. MERK 3,085,650
ORCHARD PLATFORM Filed Jan. 26, 1961 4 Sheets-Sheet s Andrew M. Mar/rINVENTOR.
BY 2mm April 16, 1963 A. w. MERK ORCHARD PLATFORM 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FiledJan. 26, 1961 K mm E w r M MM M g R A m t Qv ,8 M 1: Q J M Qv Jam H v t3,085,650 ORCHARD PLATFORM Andrew W. Merk, 372 S. Locau Ave, Fresno,Calif. Filed .Ian. 26, 1961, Ser. No. 85,083 9 Claims. (6i. 18263) Thisinvention relates to a novel and useful orchard platform specificallyadapted to provide a means whereby fruit pickers or workmen may besupported in elevated positions about an orchard tree from which fruitis to be picked and upon which general orchard operations such aspruning, thinning, and tree-wiring are to be performed.
In the past various types of fruit orchard stands have been designed forsupporting the fruit pickers in elevated positions immediately adjacentan orchard tree from which fruit is to be picked. However, theseprevious attempts at providing an elevated support for fruit pickershave for the most part included the provision of a boomli-ke structuremounted at one end for universal movement, whereby a fruit pickersupported by the other end could be elevated to the desired positionadjacent an orchard tree. These boom type of orchard stands also included in some cases telescopically engaged sections whereby theeffective overall length of the boom could be adjusted. However, theboom-type of support for a fruit picker has proven not to be as aneffective support as is desired, inasmuch as the entire boom assemblyhas to be moved in order to move the fruit picker from location adjacentthe tree to another location adjacent the same tree. A slightly moreadaptable type of orchard platform including substantially horizontallydisposed walkways have also been provided but these walkways have beensubstantially straight and while enabling the fruit picker to movetangentially with respect to the outer circumference of the tree, thistype of walkway platform also failed to provide a support from which oneor more fruit pickers could reach substantially all of the fruit carriedby one-half of an orchard tree.
The main object of this invention is to provide an orchard platformwhich may readily be moved between two rows of orchard trees and whichmay be intermittently positioned adjacent selected trees and utilized tosupport one or more fruit pickers in a manner whereby the fruit pickersmay have access to substantially one-half of the tree adjacent which theplatform is disposed.
A further object of this invention, in accordance with the precedingobject, is to provide an orchard platform having means thereon forsupporting fruit pickers at various heights relative to the orchard treefrom which fruit is being picked.
Another object of this invention is to provide an orchard platform forsupporting fruit pickers which includes an elongated support framehaving wheel assemblies at opposite ends thereof whereby the supportframe may be moved longitudinally between rows of orchard trees.
A still further object of this invention, in accordance with theimmediately preceding object, is to provide an orchard platformincluding at least one pair of arcuate support platforms each beinggenerally quarter-circular in plan outline with the support platformsextending longitudinally of the support frame and being longitudinallyaligned with respect thereto and provided with means on the adjacentends for pivotally mounting each of the platforms to the support framewhereby their remote ends may be swung outwardly of the same side of thesupport frame. Thus, the arcuate support platforms may be moved fromlongitudinally extending retracted positions to positions with theirremote ends swung outwardly from one side of the support frame. Thesupport platforms are each disposed in their retracted positions so thatthey open outwardly of and to the same side of the support frame33,685,556 Patented Apr. 16, 1963 whereby when they are pivoted to theirextended positions they will open outwardly of the support frame andtoward each other to form a generally semi-circular platform embracingthe adjacent half of the orchard tree adjacent which the support frameis disposed. In this manner, the support frame may be moved down betweentwo rows of orchard trees and then back up the next adjacent row betweenorchard trees whereby each half of the orchard trees may besystematically covered by fruit pickers.
A still further object of this invention in accordance with theimmediately preceding object is to provide the support frame with atleast two pair of arcuate support platforms whereby the support framemay be disposed between adjacent orchard trees and the support platformsthereof may be actuated to simultaneously embrace the adjacent halves ofthe two orchard trees whereby the orchard platform may be utilized toposition fruit pickers immediately adjacent and half way about twoorchard trees at the same time.
An ancillary object of this invention is to provide means for adjustablypositioning the support platforms about their axes of rotation whichincludes means carried by each of the support platforms for individuallypositioning that support platform relative to the support frame.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a means whereby thesupport platforms may be adjusted vertically relative to the supportframe so that the latter may be utilized to support fruit pickers inadvantageous positions immediately adjacent fruit trees of differentages and sizes.
A final object to be specifically enumerated herein is to provide anorchard platform which will conform to conventional forms ofmanufacture, be of simple construction and easy to operate so as toprovide a device that will be economically feasible, long lasting andrelatively trouble free in operation.
These together with other objects and advantages which will becomesubsequently apparent reside in the details of construction andoperation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, whereinlike numerals refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
FIGURE 1 is a top plan view of the orchard platform shown with thesupport platforms thereof disposed in extended positions and inpositions to embrace the adjacent halves of two orchard trees betweenwhich the orchard platform is disposed; FIGURE 2 is a top plan view ofthe orchard platform with the support platforms being disposed in theirretracted positions whereby the orchard platform may be moved betweenrows of orchard trees;
FIGURE 3 is a side elevational view of the orchard platform;
FIGURE 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view takensubstantially upon the plane indicated by the section line 4-4 of FIGURE1;
FIGURE 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken substantially uponthe plane indicated by section line 5-5 of FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 6 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view takensubstantially upon the plane indicated by the section line 66 of FIGURE1;
FIGURE 7 is an enlarged fragmentary transverse vertical sectional Viewtaken substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line 77 ofFIGURE 3;
FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of one of the support platforms; and
FIGURE 9 is a schematic view of the hydraulic system and controlstherefor for pivoting the support platforms about their axes ofrotation.
Referring now more specifically to the drawings the numeral generallydesignates the orchard platform of the present invention. The orchardplatform 10 includes a support frame generally referred to by thereference numeral 12 having a stationary rear axle assembly generallydesignated by the reference numeral 14 provided with ground engagingwheels 16 and a steerable front axle assembly generally referred to bythe reference numeral 18 and provided with ground engaging wheels 20.The front axle assembly 18 includes a draw bar assembly generallyreferred to by the reference numeral 22 for engagement with a draftvehicle at its outer end.
With attention now directed .to FIGURES l, 3 and 6 of the drawings itwill be seen that the support frame includes a standard assemblygenerally referred to by the reference numeral 24. The standard assembly24 includes a generally cylindrical upright standard member 26 which isbraced by means of radial inclined brace rods 28 secured between thestandard member 26 and the support frame 12.
A lift assembly generally referred to by the reference numeral 30includes a mounting sleeve generally referred to by the referencenumeral 32 upon which each of the arcuate support platforms generallyreferred to by the reference numeral 34 are pivotally mounted.
Each of the support platforms 34 includes a pair of horizontallydisposed arcuate supporting frames generally designated by the referencenumerals 36 and 38. The supporting frames 36 and 38 comprise a part ofthe frame work assembly generally referred to by the reference numeral40 which makes up each of the support platforms 34 and includes alaterally projecting mounting portion generally designated by thereference numeral 42 which projects from the convex side of thecorresponding support platform and by which that platform 34 ispivotally secured to the lift assembly 30. Each of the mounting portions42 includes a pair of frame members apertured as at 44, see FIGURE 8.The mounting sleeve 32 includes a pair of horizontal mounting plates 46and 43 and is slidably disposed on the standard member 26. Each of thesupport platforms 34 is pivotally secured to the plates 46 and 48 bymeans of pivot fasteners 5i) and 52 secured through the apertures 44 andto the plates 46 and 48 respectively, see FIGURE 6.
With attention now directed to FIGURE 7 of the drawings it will be notedthat the standard member 26 is cylindrical and is provided with pairs ofdiametrically aligned and longitudinally spaced bores 54 and that themounting sleeve 32 has a mounting bolt 56 secured therethrough andthrough one pair of the diametrically aligned bores 54 formed in thestandard member 26 thus, it will be noted that the mounting sleeve 32may be adjusted vertically on the standard member 26 by merely removingthe bolt 56 and elevating the mounting sleeve to the desired positionand then again securing the mounting bolt 56 through the mounting sleeve32. Alternately, hydraulic means may be used.
Each of the support frames 34 is provided with suitable angle bracingmembers such as bracing members 58 and 60, see FIGURE 8, for preventingthe framework 40 from twisting about a longitudinal axis. The supportframes 36 and 38 each includes a supporting surface 60 adapted tosupport a fruit picker. The support frames 36 are generally arcuate inplan and the lowermost sup port frame 36 has a smaller inner radius thanthe upper support frame 38 whereby the supporting surfaces 60 of eachsupport platform 34 are arranged in a manner similar to the seats of thecurved end of a stadium or coliseum. With the supporting surfaces ofeach support platform 34 arranged in this manner one or more fruitpickers supported thereby may readily have access to substantially onequarter of either of the fruit trees generally designated by thereference numeral 62 as can best be seen in FIGURE 1 of the drawings.
With attention now directed to FIGURES l, 2 and 8 it will be noted thatthe mounting portion of each sup port platform 34 also includes a thirdsupporting surface 64 which supporting surface enables fruit pickerssupported by either of the support platforms 34 to step readily toanother platform 34 when the platforms are dis posed either in retractedpositions as illustrated in FIG- URE 2 of the drawings or extendedpositions as illustrated in FIGURE 1 of the drawings. In addition, eachof the support platforms 34 includes a railing 66 disposed above theupper supporting surface 60 thereof and comprising a portion of thesupport members for the supporting surface 64 thereof.
With attention now directed to FIGURES 2, 6 and 9 it will be noted thatthe mounting sleeve 32 also includes a transverse mounting membergenerally designated by the reference numeral 68 and including tworadially extending members 70 secured to the mounting sleeve 32 at theirinner ends. The outer end of each of the members 70 has a pair ofextensible fluid motor assemblies generally designated by the referencenumeral 72 pivotally secured thereto as at 74 in any convenient manner.The other end of each of the extensible fluid motors 72 is pivotallysecured to the corresponding support platform 34 as at 76 whereby uponextension and contraction of the extensible fluid motors 72 the supportplatforms 34 may each be pivoted from between the positions illustratedin FIGURE 1 of the drawings to the positions illustrated in FIGURE 2 ofthe drawings.
Each of the extensible fluid motors 72 has operatively connectedtherewith a pair of flexible hydraulic lines 78 and 80 which arecommunicated with a hydraulic control assembly generally designated bythe reference numeral 82 by means of rigid hydraulic lines 78 and 80',respectively. Each of the extensible fluid motors 72 is a double-actingmotor and the lines 78 and 78' carry hydraulic fluid under pressure toextend the fluid motors 72 while the lines 80 and 80' carry hydraulicfluid under pressure to contract the fluid motor 72. A hydraulicreservoir 84 is provided which is operatively connected to any suitablehydraulic pump (not shown) by means of return and supply lines 36 and 88respectively. Each of the control assemblies 82 is connected to thehydraulic reservoir 34 by means of a supply line 90 and a return line92. Upon actuation of the hydraulic pump (not shown) hydraulic fluidunder pressure is supplied to each of the control assemblies 82 by meansof the supply lines 90 and the lever 94 of each control assembly 82 maybe actuated to route the hydraulic fluid under pressure to either of thesets of hydraulic lines 78 and 78' or 80 and 80 as desired whilesimultaneously communicating the other of the sets of hydraulic lineswith the return pipe 92. Thus, it may be seen that each of the supportplatforms 34 has its own control assembly 82 for controlling its pivotalmovement between the retracted position illustrated in FIGURE 2 and theextended operative position shown in FIGURE 1. The control 82 of eachsupport platform may of course be operated by a fruit picker beingsupported thereby.
In operation, the wheeled orchard platform 10 may have its draw bar 22connected to a suitable draft vehicle (not shown) having a hydraulicpump thereon to which return and supply lines 86 and 88 respectively maybe connected. While the orchard platform 10 is passing between rows oftrees 62, the support platforms 34 are pivoted to their retractedpositions illustrated in FIG- URE 2 of the drawings with the arcuateplatforms opening outwardly toward opposite sides of the support frame12. As the orchard platform is moved between two trees 62 from whichfruit is to be picked the orchard platform 10 is secured in a stationaryposition either by applying brakes or similar means on the platformitself or by applying the brakes of the draft vehicle. The supportplatform 34 may then be pivoted to their outwardly extending positionsas illustrated in FIGURE 1 of the drawings wherein each pair ofplatforms 34 will form a semi-circular arrangement of supportingsurfaces about substantially one-half of the fruit trees 62. Thesupporting surfaces 60 and 64 may then he stood on by fruit pickers inorder that they may be able to reach all of the fruit on those halves ofthe trees 62 adjacent the platform 10. After the fruit has been pickedfrom the trees 62, the support platforms 34 are again pivoted to theclosed position whereupon the platform may then be moved to a positiondisposed between another pair of fruit trees. In this manner, all of thefruit may be readily removed from one entire side of each tree of a pairof rows of fruit trees. Of course, if it is desired to raise and lowerthe support platforms 34 this may be done by elevating or lowering themounting sleeve 24 on the standard member 26.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the prinicples ofthe invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes willreadily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limitthe invention to the exact construction and operation shown anddescribed, and accordingly all suitable modifications and equivalentsmay be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention asclaimed.
What is claimed as new is as follows:
1. An orchard platform comprising an elongated support frame, at leastone pair of arcuate support platforms mounted on each side of said framewith each platform being generally quarter-circular in plan outline,means pivotally mounting each of said platforms to said support framefor swinging movement through the plane in which the correspondingplatform is disposed and about an upstanding axis adjacent thelongitudinal center line of said frame and spaced laterally outwardly ofthe convex side of one end of said platform, said pivotal mounting meansmounting each pair of said platforms on the corresponding side of saidsupport frame for movement between the retracted longitudinally alignedpositions opening outwardly of said corresponding side and in the samedirection extending at generally right angles to the longitudinalcenterline of said frame and extended positions with the remote ends ofthe corresponding pair of platforms swung outwardly to the correspondingside of said frame and opening outwardly thereof and toward each otherforming a generally semi-circular platform opening in said direction andboth said pairs of platforms adapted to embrace substantially the entireadjacent halves of orchard trees in adjacent rows of trees from whichfruit is to be picked and between which said frame is disposed with saidframe generally following said rows, the pairs of said platforms beingaligned transversely of said frame and corresponding ones of said pairsof platforms, when in the retracted positions, having the portionsthereof spaced generally equidistance from their ends disposed closelyadjacent each other along the longitudinal center line of said frame.
2. The combination of claim 1 including means for adjustably positioningsaid platforms about their respective axes of rotation.
3. The combination of claim 2 wherein said last mentioned means includesmeans for adjustably positioning each of said platforms individually.
4. The combination of claim 3 wherein each of said platforms includescontrol means for controlling the positioning means for that platform.
5. The combination of claim 1 wherein said support frame includessupporting wheel assemblies having wheels journaled for rotation abouthorizontally disposed axes extending transversely of said support frame.
6. The combination of claim 1 wherein said support frame includes astandard, a lift assembly mounted on said standard for adjustablemovement vertically thereof, said mounting means being carried by saidlift assembly whereby vertical adjustment of the latter will alsosimultaneously vertically adjust said support platforms carried thereby.
7. The combination of claim 1 wherein each of said support platformsincludes at least two horizontally disposed arcuate supporting surfacesin vertically spaced relation.
8. The combination of claim 7 wherein said supporting surfaces of eachsupport platforms have different inner radii.
'9. The combination of claim 8 wherein the lower of any two of saidarcua-te supporting surfaces on one of said support platforms has asmaller inner radius than the supporting surface disposed immediatelythereabove.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,337,674 Miller Dec. 28, 1943 2,428,184 Swindler Sept. 30, 19472,601,092 Cardiff June 17, 1952 2,614,893 Merrill Oct. 21, ,19522,749,188 Mitchell June 5, 1956
1. AN ORCHARD PLATFORM COMPRISING AN ELONGATED SUPPORT FRAME, AT LEASTONE PAIR OF ARCUATE SUPPORT PLATFORMS MOUNTED ON EACH SIDE OF SAID FRAMEWITH EACH PLATFORM BEING GENERALLY QUARTER-CIRCULAR IN PLAN OUTLINE,MEANS PIVOTALLY MOUNTING EACH OF SAID PLATFORMS TO SAID SUPPORT FRAMEFOR SWINGING MOVEMENT THROUGH THE PLANE IN WHICH THE CORRESPONDINGPLATFORM IS DISPOSED AND ABOUT AN UPSTANDING AXIS ADJACENT THELONGITUDINAL CENTER LINE OF SAID FRAME AND SPACED LATERALLY OUTWARDLY OFTHE CONVEX SIDE OF ONE END OF SAID PLATFORM, SAID PIVOTAL MOUNTING MEANSMOUNTING EACH PAIR OF SAID PLATFORMS ON THE CORRESPONDING SIDE OF SAIDSUPPORT FRAME FOR MOVEMENT BETWEEN THE RETRACTED LONGITUDINALLY ALIGNEDPOSITIONS OPENING OUTWARDLY OF SAID CORRESPONDING SIDE AND IN THE SAMEDIRECTION EXTENDING AT GENERALLY RIGHT ANGLES TO THE LONGITUDINALCENTERLINE OF SAID FRAME AND EXTENDED POSITIONS WITH THE REMOTE ENDS OFTHE CORRESPONDING PAIR OF PLATFORMS SWUNG OUTWARDLY TO THE CORRESPONDINGSIDE OF SAID FRAME AND OPENING OUTWARDLY THEREOF AND TOWARD EACH OTHERFORMING A GENERALLY SEMI-CIRCULAR PLATFORM OPENING IN SAID DIRECTION ANDBOTH SAID PAIRS OF PLATFORMS ADAPTED TO EMBRACE SUBSTANTIALLY THE ENTIREADJACENT HALVES OF ORCHARD TREES IN ADJACENT ROWS OF TREES FROM WHICHFRUIT IS TO BE PICKED AND BETWEEN WHICH SAID FRAME IS DISPOSED WITH SAIDFRAME GENERALLY FOLLOWING SAID ROWS, THE PAIRS OF SAID PLATFORMS BEINGALIGNED TRANSVERSELY OF SAID FRAME AND CORRESPONDING ONES OF SAID PAIRSOF PLATFORMS, WHEN IN THE RETRACTED POSITIONS, HAVING THE PORTIONSTHEREOF SPACED GENERALLY EQUIDISTANCE FROM THEIR ENDS DISPOSED CLOSELYADJACENT EACH OTHER ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL CENTER LINE OF SAID FRAME. | 2024-03-22 | 1961-01-26 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1963-04-16"
} |
US-67825933-A | Method of treating grain to produce grits and flakes
Patented Aug. 13, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF TREATINGGRAIN T0 PRO- DUCE GRITS AND FLAKES Lincoln S. Greenwood, Rochester, N.Y., assignor of one-half to John H. Newman, Rochester,
This invention relates to a method of treatin grain to produce grits andflakes, and has reference more particularly to the processing of cerealgrains so as to obtain a flake such as used in breweries, pastefactories, and other industries.
The primary purpose of the invention is. to utilize the entire originalvolume of grain without any substantial waste or loss, and at the sametime produce a flake that is superior to those made by former methods,in that it has a lower fat content, is more quickly soluble, and forms asolution that can be more thoroughly clarified.
Heretojore in producing flakes, the practice has been to make grits bygrinding and separating the grain. This procedure results in a largevolume of flour whichis a'. by-product and mustbe sold at considerablylower prices than can be obtained for grits or flakes, and it is one ofthe purposes of the invention to utilize all of the flour by-product andrestore it to commercial grit or flake form.
Another purpose of the invention is to enable producing a higher qualityand superior flake by flrst reducing the entire volume of grain to theform of flour, then working the flour into a dough, forming the doughinto grits, and finally processing the grits to produce flakes.
A further purpose of the invention is to afford a method by which flourfrom grains such as corn, rice, and cats, that contain no insolubleproteins, can be formed into a dough which is treated to produce grits,and thereafter converted into flakes.
The invention is especially applicable in the processing of corn, ofwhich a large volume of flour is a residual or by-product from presentmethods of producing grits, and one of the chief advantages of theinvention lies in reconverting such corn flour into grits or flakes,although the invention is equally applicable in the processing of othergrains, such as rice, oats, barley and wheat.
According to a preferred method, corn flour such as is available as aby-product from usual grinding methods may be used, or thegrain in itsoriginal form may be reduced to the state of flour. The flour is thenmixed with water at a 1 suitable temperature, which in the case of com,
point of about F. to a maximum of slightly above the boiling point.
In the case of wheat, the flour is mixed with water preferably lukewarmor tepid, while in the case of barley, the temperature of the water ispreferably somewhere above a minimum of above 140 F. and below a maximumof F. Within this range of temperatures in the case of barley, theproteolytic enzymes are not destroyed, and the diastatic action of thestarches is enhanced.
In the case of corn, rice and -oats, a part of the fat content isdissolved by the water, and then driven off during the drying process,and this results in a reduction of the fat content of the grain productdue to evaporation or oxidation and brings about a superior flake, witha lower fat content than'commercial grits and flakes heretoforeproduced, making the product more desirable for brewing purposes.
The mixing continues for a sufiicient length of time to produce adoughof the proper consistency to be formed into grits, and takes placein any suitable dough or paste mixer of conventional form, such asavailable on the market, and capable of holding the contents at therequired temperatures during the mixing operation.
The insoluble proteins in some grain flour in:- part the viscousproperties to dough when mixed with water, and since corn, rice and oatscontain no insoluble proteins, they will not produce a doughsuiflciently viscous to hold together except when subjected during themixing operation to a temperature above the gelatinizing point,resulting in the development of gummy constituents from the carbohydrategroup which holds the dough together in a proper state to permit it tobe formed into grits.
After a complete and thorough mixing of the dough for about fifteenminutes at the above stated temperatures in a machine with suitablemixing and kneading arms, the dough is formed into grits by putting itthrough a conventional extruding press. The dough is forced underhydraulic or other suitable pressure through dies of predetermined sizeand shape, as called for by the particular requirements, and as thedough comes from the dies, a rotary or other cutter operates to severthe grits from the main body of dough. Such a machine is not new but isavailable on themarket and will operate in a practical way for formingabody of dough into grits of any desired shape or size, the diameter orthickness of the grit being governed by the size of the opening in thedie, and the length of the grit being governed by the speed of movementof the knife which severs it.
The grits thus formed are preferably carried away on a perforate apronthrough which air is ried from one apron to another until .brought toatmospheric temperature when most of the moisture is evaporated. Thefinal drying may be had by passing heated air through the grits untilthe desired moisture content is reached, and they can then be aspiratedto separate the fines which are returned to the mixer.
After the grits are properly dried, they are subjected to the action ofheated rolls which form the grits into flakes. Machinery for flakinggrits is available on the market, and where the grits are immediatelysubjected to the action of flaking rolls, the grits are dried only to apoint of about seventeen percent moisture and then immediately flaked.
When the grits are not immediately converted into flakes, they areusually dried to a point where the moisture content is about thirteenpercent, permitting them to be stored or shipped as reflned grits, andwhen these are subsequently flaked, the proper amount of moisture isadded, depending on the temperature of the flaking rolls, by adding coldwater to the grits and permitting them to stand for a sufficient lengthof time to permit the moisture to penetrate the body of the grits beforethey are passed through the flaking rolls which are at hightemperatures.
By this invention it is possible to take corn flour, resulting from theconventional manufacture of grits and meal, and convert it into acommercial grit or flake even superior to those made by previousmethods. Such a corn flour has a high fat content and relatively highrancidity which makes it objectionable and greatly reduces its marketvalue, but with the process here in disclosed, such flour can beconverted into grits or flakes suitable for brewers and pastemanufacturers, and will command a price as high as regular commercialgrits and flakes,
By processing oat flour, flakes canbe produced which afford a palatablepre-cooked food-requiring no further cooking. Barley may be milled intoflour and by controlling the mixing temperature as herein indicated, theresulting flakes are equal in value and commercial results to barleymalt, which requires on the average of five days for completion, whilebarley flakes may be made under this invention continuously and withoutinterruption.
Where reference is made throughout the speciflcation and claims toinsoluble proteins, it is intended to refer to gliadin and glutenin,which in combination are known as gluten and found largely in wheat,barley and rye.
While this application discloses certain procedures that have thus farbeen found to be successful and preferable, the invention is notrestricted to any of the specific steps 'or limits described, but thisapplication is intended to cover the principles disclosed insofar asthey may be embodied in any modified procedures or adaptations of themethod, as may come within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. The method which consists in mixing grain flour with water to producea dough, the temperature of the water being such when mixed with theflour as to produce a dough having a temperature below 212 Ft, formingthe-dough into grits without boiling or baking the dough, and thereafterforming the grits into flakes which are'untoasted.
2. The method which consists in mixing grain passed at such a velocityas to slowly dry the grits but not lift them from the apron. Their arecarflour with water to produce a dough, the temperature of the waterwhen mixed with the flour being such as to produce a dough having atemperature above the gelatinizing point of the flour and below 212 F.,forming the dough into grits without boiling or baking the dough, andthereafter forming the grits into flakes which are untoasted.
3. The method which consists in mixing corn flour with water to producea dough, the temperature of the water when mixed with theflour beingsuch as to produce a dough having a temperature above the gelatinizingpoint of the flour and below 212 F., forming the dough into gritswithout boiling or baking the dough, and thereafter forming the gritsinto flakes which are untoasted.
4. The method which consists in mixing rice flour with water to producea dough, the temperature of the water when mixed with the flour beingsuch as to produce a. dough having a temperature above the gelatinizingpoint of the flour and below 212 F., forming the dough into gritswithout boiling or baking the dough, and'thereafter forming the gritsinto flakes which are untoasted.
' 5. The method which consists in mixing grain perature of the waterwhen mixed with the flour being such as to produce-a dough having atemperature above the gelatinizing point of the flour and below 212 F.,forming the dough into grits without boiling or baking the dough, anddrying the grits.
7. The method whichconsists in mixing rice flour with water to produce adough, the temperature of the water when mixed with the flour being suchas to produce a dough having a temperature above the gelatinizing pointof the flour and below 212 F., forming the dough into grits withoutboiling or baking the dough, and drying the grits.
8. The method which consists in reducing grain to flour, mixing theflour with water to produce a dough, the temperature of the water whenmixed with the flour being such as to produce a dough having atemperature below 212 F., forming the dough into grits, and thereafterforming the grits without boiling or baking the dough into flakes whichare untoasted.
9. The method of producing grits from grain containing no insolubleproteins, which consists in reducing the grain to flour, mixing theflour with water to produce a dough, the temperature of the water whenmixed with the flour being such as to produce a dough having atemperature below 212 F., and thereafter forming the dough into gritswithout boiling or baking the dough.
10. The method of producing grits from corn, which consists in reducingcorn to flour, mixing the flour with water to produce a dough, thetemperature of the water when mixed with the flour being such as toproduce a dough having a temperature below 212 F., and thereafterforming the dough into grits without boiling or baking the dough.
11. The method of producing grits from rice, which consists in reducingrice to flour, mixing the flour with water to produce a dough, thetemperature of the water when mixed with the flour being such as toproduce a dough having atemperature below 212 F., and thereafter formingthe dough into grits without boiling or baking the dough.
12. The method of producing flakes from grain containing no insolubleproteins, which consists in reducing the grain to flour, mixing theflour with water to produce a dough, the temperature of the water whenmixed with the flour being such as to produce a dough having atemperature below 212 F., forming the dough into grits, and thereafterforming the grits without boiling or baking the dough into flakes whichare untoasted. 13. The method of producing'flakes from com containing noinsoluble proteins, which consists in reducing the corn to flour, mixingthe flour with water to produce a dough, the temperature of the waterwhen mixed with the flour being such as to produce a dough having atemperature below 212 F., forming the dough into grits, and thereafterforming the grits without boiling, or baking the dough into flakes whichare untoasted. Y
14. The method of producing flakes from rice containing no insolub1eproteins, which consists in reducing the rice to flour, mixing the flourLINCOLN s. GREENWOOD.
| 2024-03-22 | 1933-06-29 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1935-08-13"
} |
US-18316927-A | Cloth-guiding means for looms
Nov. I5, l927. l,649,612
E. s. M E ET A1.
CLOTH GUIDING MEANS FOR LOQMS Patented Nov. 15, 192 7.
, UNITED STATES PATENT oFFiCE.
ELIAS S. MOORE AND ARTEUR L. GARNER, OF LYNCHB'UILG, VIRGINIA, ASSIGNBSTO DRAPER CORPORATION; OF I-IOPEDALE, MASSACHUSETTS, Ae CORPORATION OFMAINE.
cLorH-Gurnme MEANs roa rooms.
of the objects of the present invention is to provide means of simpleand. effective character for guiding the cloth as itis wound upon thecloth roll shaft to insure that the selvage edges will be superimposedone upon the other.
A further object of the present invention is to provide aL cloth guidingmeans which shall be simple in construction, readily applied to existinglooms, and wherein the number' of parts will be simplified and minimizedand provide a resilient cloth guiding nlGElIlS. f i
of the cloth guiding means *and its association with the cloth roll.
rlflie loom frame l may be of usual construction and of any appropriatecharacter,v
and in the present instance of the inventiou the front portion of theloom is provided with guides 2, a pair at each side of the loom, betweenwhich is mouuted the cloth roll shaft support 3,y on the top portion ofwhich is supported the 'cloth roll shaft fl.V
As usual in looms of this general construction, the cloth roll shaftsupport 3 is provided 'With rack teeth 5 which engage pinions 6 mountedon a lower spring controlled shaft 7 for normally pressing the clothroll shaft t in an upward direction and yet permitting yielding movementof the cloth roll shaft 'downwardly as the cloth is wound thereon duringthe action of :the .take-up mechanism of the 'loom. The i cloth rollguide constituting the present invention is hel'ein shown with the abovedescribed character of cloth roll shaft support 8, but it is obviousthat it may be associated' with any) other usual type of support. w
Inaccordancepwith the present invention, the cloth guiding means isassociated' with' the cloth roll shaft support, and one at each side ofthe loom, With the result that one or the other of the cloth guidingmeans will 'act upon the cloth as it is wound upon the cloth roll shaft4; to maintain the selvage edges of the cloth in superposed relation. i'
The cloth roll guide comprises a body member 8 which may be formed ofsuitable material and preferably, though not neces sarily, of wood, andthe cloth guiding face of the body member isplain, smooth andunobstructed, to act upon the cloth selvage. The body member 8 ispreferably provided with a concave portion 9 of a contour to embrace aportion of the cloth roll shaft 4:, as indicated in Fig. 2. v w
In orderto properly associate thebody member 8 of the cloth guidingmeans with the cloth roll shaft supports7 a novel char acter of bracketmeans is employed which is of simple character, readilyapplied to loomsnow in use, and of'resiliency to a degree suf-4 ficient to'actyieldinglyupon the' cloth selvages. y
As more fully shown by vFig. 2,1,the body member 8 has Secured thereto abracket 10 which may be appropriately held to the body member byw screwbolts w11. Which pass through the flat extension of'the bracket andthrough, or partially throughj the body member 8.
Thebracket 10 has an outwardly 'deflected portion' 12 and is preferablyformed of re eo i silient materialq such as sheet metal, and extendingfrom jthe outwardly deflected por-4 tion' 12 the bracket 10 lis providedwith a seeuring' portion 113 which is in substantial paralle'lism withthe outer face of the vbody member '8 and spaced therefrhm to receive av lllJ securing bolt- 14, Whereby the eloth guide or body member 8 isheld in position to guide the cloth selvages as the cloth is Wound uponthe cloth shaft 4. y
As indicated more particularly in Fig. the seeuring portion 13 of thebracket Vis provided With a slot 15 extending substan: tially parallelwith' the body portion 8 of the cloth' guide, and, as shown, such slot15 may be appropriately formed by a bifurcation of the secnring portion13.
The securing bolt llis provided With a head 16 and the spaced relationbetween the body member 81 and theisecuring portion 13 'i of theybracketalfords ready access to thehead of the bolt for turning it to secure thecloth guide to the eloth roll support 3.
i The bracket as shown is preferably,
though not necessa-rily, formed of a single piece, and itsoutniardyextension 12 is produced by bending thesing'le piece ofmaterial outwardly and then hending the outward portion upwardly, asindicated in Fig. 2, to form the securi-ng portion 13, Which is thus inseparated or spaced relation With the outer face of the body member 8.The resiliency of the outward extension 12 of'the bracket provides asimple and yetieffectve means for yieldingly holding the cloth guide orbody member 8 in operat-ive relation With the sidesI of the cloth roll,and yet permits yieldng movement of the eloth guides to accommodate forany slight variation in the endsof the clothroll; i i 1 The length ofthe eloth guide or body member 8 should be equal to or greater than thefinal radius of the cloth Wound upon the cloth roll shaft, in order thatthe cloth lguide may act upon the eloth roll continnously during thewinding. operation.
The securing bolt 14 ispreferably threadf ed and its threaded portionenters a recess in the top portion of the cloth roll shaft support 3,yso thatby manipulation of the headl of the'bolt in the space between thebody portionjVS and the securing portion 1:3 of the bracket, theclothguidemay be' readily assembled With the cloth roll shaft supe port3 without disorganizing the assembled parts-in the loom., p i
The slotted'portion 15 or bifui'cated securing portion 13 affords readymeans for, adjustment of the'clothfruide or body men'iber 8,towaiwlsiand from the eloth :roll shaft 4.,
and suchadjustinent may be readily'inade because the bolt head 16 isreadily aceessible by tool for manipulating the seouringflbolt;
It Will be apparent from the invention as hereinbeforedescribed, that avery simple, etl'ectiye and laterally yieldafble cloth guide isproridedflfor each end of the cloth as itis Wound upon the cloth rollshaft Whereby 'the selvages of the eloth are caused to be superposed inproper relation.
lVliat is claimed is:
1. ln a loom, the combination of a cloth roll shaft, a support for theend thereof, an end guide for the cloth as it is Wonnd upon the clothroll shaft, a siniporting;I bracket for the end guide having anoutwariiillfyY defleot'ed portion provided With an angular 'extensionseparated from the outer face of the cloth roll guide, and zr singlesecuring bolt passing through the extension for securing the cloth rollgudeito the cloth roll shaft support.
2. In a loom, the combination of' a cloth roll shaft, supports for theends of the shaft, end Iguides for the cloth it ie Wonnd upon the elothroll ishafti. a supporting bracket for each of the end guides having anoutwardly deflected portion provided With an extension snbstantially atright angles to the out- Wardly deflected portion and spaced from theouter face of the cloth guide, and a seeurino' bolt-passion through theextension for seem-ing the guide to the cloth roll shaft support. i
ln a loon'1,tl1e cloth roll shaft, supports y for the ends thereof, andparallel end guides to cooperate With and maintain flat the enda of thecloth Wound upon the eloth roll; shaft, each of said end guidescomprising a flat body member, a bracket Secured to tl'iefmter face ofthe body member and rn'orided With an outwardly bent portion terminatingin a slotted securingr portionlsnbstantially parallel to the body memberand spaced filmrefrom, and a securingr bolt passion through thesecurine' portion for seenring the body member to the cloth roll shaftsupport.
' 41-. A eloth rollpguide for loonis. comprising a body member,abraclret Secured to the body member and having an oiiitwardlycxtendinnf resilient portion, a securing. portion eXtend ing from theresilient portionparallel to the body member and spaccdtlierefrom, andaU seem-inaY boltpassing through the sccuringr portion and having a headtliereof between the .f-:ecuring' portion and the router slfu'lhce ofthe body member. i i
5. A cloth roll .e'nide for looms, comprieing a body member to inaintainflat the ende of the roll of cloth, a bolt for setturing the body memberin operative position. and a bracket Secured to the body member andhaving an outn'ardly detlected portion ter mihatinp' in a slottedsecurinnr portionparallel to the body member and spar-ed theref fromwfto provide a ready access to the bolt. In testimony ni'h'ereof,n'ehavn signed our names to this specili'atioin i enfas Mooon' anar-InnL. erinran,
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| 2024-03-22 | 1927-04-12 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1927-11-15"
} |
US-2093960-A | Handle with selectively usable wrench heads attaching units
June 1962 H. G. HANSON HANDLE WITH SELECTIVELY USABLE WRENCH HEADSATTACHING UNITS Filed April 8. 1960 Harris 6. Hanson 1N VENTOR.
ilnited States Patent 3,039,339 HANDLE WITH SELECTIVELY USABLE WRENCHHEADS ATTACHING UNITS Harris G. Hanson, 220 Work RCEME, Fort Nelson,British Columbia, Canada Filed Apr. 8, 1960, Ser. No. 20,939 4 Claims.(Cl. 81-177) This invention relates to hand tools, generally speaking,but has reference in particular to a handle having novel attachments orunits which are detachably mounted on the ends of the handle, saidattachments being expressly designed and adapted to accommodatingly andsecurely mount Wrench heads on the handle.
The expression wrench heads will he used herein in a general or genericsense to comprehend, let us say, conventional-type sockets of the manyand various sizes in use, box end wrenches, and open end or so-calledcrowfoot wrenches, each of which has a suitable work-gripping head at anouter end and a hole or socket at the inner end and provided, as isusually the case, with a plurality of spring-loaded ball retainers ordetents. As is known, machine elements and companion parts are assembledand held together by nuts. bolts, cap screws and similar fasteners ofmore or less standard sizes and shapes. End wrenches and sockets areobviously of countless sizes and shapes. Special purpose tools toonumerous to touch upon here are also in vogue inasmuch as, through theyears, the work areas have become increasingly inaccessible to repairmenand .mechanics. This ever changing picture, so to speak, constitutes theproblem which has given rise to the instant endeavor to solve itsatisfactorily.
To the end desired, the present invention pertains to improved handlemeans which makes it possible for the user to assemble, on the spot, thedesired handle shape which he will need for a given or particular jobwhere, for example, the conventional wrench head must necessarily do itsjob in a place difiicult of access. Stated otherwise, the handle meansherein disclosed will serve the unique purposes for which it is designedand intended.
Admittedly, it is impractical for the average mechanic or workman totransport, care for, purchase and store all of the special purposewrenches and tools that may be required for eiiicient service and repairwork. It follows that the instant concept has to do with simple,practical and economical means the use of which will overcome many ofthe difficulties and problems which currently beset the required usersthereof.
It is to be pointed out at the outset that the present inventioncomprehends not only the aforementioned handle means characterized byselectively usable wrench head attaching units or adapters, but aneasy-to-convert manually usable sectional or knockdown tool. Brieflysummarized, this improved too-l is characterized by an elongated handle,an individual conventional-type wrench head having a work-grip at oneend and handle attaching and retaining means at the other end, andadapting and positioning means interposed between the handle and wrenchhead and separably joined to said other end and also separably joined toone end of said handle, said means being disposed in a plane with itslengthwise axis at a right angle to the lengthwise axis of said handle,said means serving to transmit the applied force of the handle to saidhead and making it possible to effectually utilize the thus coupled headand handle in places otherwise difficult of access.
Reverting to the handle means as distinguished from the aforementionedcomplete ready-to-use tool, this has to do with a means for the usethereon of the aforementioned 'wrench heads. This handle means comprisesa handle having a lateral arm at at least one end, said arm beingoptionally variable and adjustable in length to cope with ever-varyingwork requirements, the outer end of said arm having means whereby anyone of the aforementioned wrench heads may be removably but operativelyattached thereto.
Novelty is also predicated on the construction mentioned wherein saidarm is detachably joined to said handle and also is adjustable in thesense that it may be either straight from end to end or curved at theouter end, whereby the handle and wrench head may be related angularlydepending on the requirements of the job at hand.
These together with other objects and advantages which will becomesubsequently apparent reside in the details of construction andoperation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, whereinlike numerals refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a view in perspective of one of the attaching units, alsoreferred to as an insertable and removable and selectively usable link;
FIG. 2 is a View in perspective of the same type of link or unit exceptthat the socket-forming hole and keying stud have oblique anglerelationship in respect to the lengthwise dimension of the links body;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the handle per se;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional open end wrench commonlyreferred to as a crowfoot wrench and constituting one of theaforementioned wrench heads;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a socket with a portion broken awayand appearing in section;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view showing the handle with an adapterlink keyed on the upper end and a corresponding adapter link on thelower end attached to a crowfoot wrench;
FIG. 7 is a top plan view illustrating the aforementioned adjustable armmade up of a plurality of the adapter links;
FIG. 8 is a plan view similar to FIG. 7 but showing one of the anglinglinks (FIG. 2) in use; and
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a diiferent arrangement of links in amade-up arm, and with several links in an alternate arrangement inphantom lines.
The handle (FIG. 3) 10 comprises an elongated rod 12 having a head 14 atthe top provided with a recess or socket 16 provided interiorly withspring-loaded detents (not detailed). The lower end is provided 'with aslightly reduced stub-shank 18 with ball detents 20. In practiceseveral, more or less, handles of diiferent lengths will be used.
Two of the aforementioned wrench heads are seen in FIGS. 4 and 5. Theone in FIG. 4 denoted at 22 is a crowfoot or open end wrench the headportion being denoted at 24 and the socket at 26, the same beingprovided with ball detents 28. The socket, also conventional, is seen inFIG. and is denoted by the numeral 30 and has a work-gripping head 32and a socket 34 provided with suitable b-all detents.
Any number of adapter and attaching units or links may be employed inmaking up the angularly adjustable extension arms seen for example inFIGS. 7, 8 and 9. Each link or adapter is basically the same and willvary only in size. The adapter seen in FIG. 1 is denoted by the numeral36 and comprises a rigid body 38 the left hand end 40 of which isthinned by tapering as at 42. The broader opposite end 44 has a socketor hole 46 therein and both this socket and the square keying stud atthe end 40, the latter denoted at 48, have spring-loaded ball detents50. 1
As seen in full hues in FIG. 6, a single adapter link or unit is inplace at the upper socketed end of the handle. This link takes aposition at right angles to the axis of the handle. The keying stud 48is fitted into the socket and removably retained in place. The socket orhole 46 at the left is available for the accommodation of a readilyapplicable and removable wrench head (not shown).
At the bottom the adapter link is reversed in relation to the one seenat the top and here the end portion 44 underlies the shouldered end ofthe handle and the stubshank 18 is fitted into the socket 46 and held inplace by the retaining balls. As seen here the crowfoot wrench isattached to the stud 48 and the adjacent end portions of the wrench headand link are overlapped thus spacing the wrench head from the handle byway of the intervening coupling link 36.
The aforementioned arm, where a reach arm is needed for a particularjob, is made up of a plurality of links joined together and with thewrench head or end wrench on the remote end of the arm. Thus one end ofthe arm is connected to the handle, the wrench head is spaced away, andthe links of the arm accommodate this particular assemblage.
In the same manner, an arm may be constructed as shown in FIG. 8 whereinthe two links are in line with each other and the other special link 52(FIG. 2) is brought into play. This permits the wrench head to be angledin the manner shown. The same result is possible by using two or threelinks to make up the arm as illustrated in FIG. 9. Obviously, all of thevarious ways in which the links may be assembled to accomplish thedifferent results need not be herein illustrated.
With respect to the link 52, this comprises a body 54, an oblique angledrectangular keying stud '56 with ball detent means 58 at one end and anoblique angled hole or socket 60 at the end 62 and provided with a balldetent 64. The tapered end is designated at 66.
This improved tool, and especially the handle means, will enable personswho require extreme lightness and compactness in a wrench kit, to carrya kit covering all possible anticipated needs for emergency repairs.
This wrench handle consisting of six pieces (to which more may be addedat users option) will, when used with standard crowfoot end wrenches,sockets and extensions found in any mechanics tool kit, solve theproblem of turning nuts and bolts in places difiicult of access. It canbe assembled almost instantly then reassembled for a difiierentapplication thereof.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles ofthe invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes willreadily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limitthe invention to the exact construction and operation shown anddescribed, and accordingly all suitable modifications and equivalentsmay be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention asclaimed.
What is claimed as new is as follows:
1. An easy-to-convert manually usable tool comprising, in combination,an elongated handle, a conventional-type nut and stud-engaging wrenchhead having a work-grip at one end and attaching and retaining means atthe other end, and adapting and positioning means for said wrench headinterposed between the handle and wrench head and separably joined tosaid other end and also separably joined to one end of said handle, saidmeans being disposed in a plane with its lengthwise axis at a rightangle to the lengthwise axis of said handle, serving to directly andpositively transmit the force applied to the handle to said wrench headand comprising a rigid wrench head supporting, position-extending andoffsetting link, said handle comprising a rod having means at either endfor accommodating and joining said link separably thereto, said linkbeing linearly straight and having a square socket at one end providedwith spring-loaded ball detents, and a lateral rectangular stud at theother end also provided with spring-loaded ball detents, said socket andstud being of corresponding cross-sectional dimension.
2. Handling means for conventional-type wrench heads such as sockets,open end and box end wrenches comprising: a handle having a laterallyprojecting arm at at least one end of said handle, said arm beingadapted to support and operate a selectively usable wrench head andbeing optionally variable and adjustable in length to cope withever-varying work requirements, said arm having means on an outer endwhereby one of the aforementioned wrench heads may be removably butoperatively attached thereby and mounted thereon, said arm beingdetachably joined at an inner end thereof to said handle and also beingvariable in plan so that it may be rendered straight from end to end orangled to the left or the right of the straight line defined when saidarm is straight in a lengthwise direction whereby the handle and wrenchhead, when in operative position on said arm, may be related angularlydepending on the requirements of the job at hand, said arrn embodying aplurality of adapter links adjacent ends of which are separablyconnected together, said adjacent ends being overlapped, each link beingthe same in construction and having a square socket at one end providedwith spring-loaded ball detents, and a lateral rectangular stud at theother end also provided with spring-loaded ball detents, said socket andstud being of corresponding crosssectional dimensions.
3. Handling means for conventional-type wrench heads such as sockets,open end and box end wrenches comprising an elongated linearly straightrod providing a handle and having, at one end, an axial keying andretaining socket with internal ball detents, and having, at the otherend, an axial keying and retaining stub-shank with accompanying balldetents, at least one rigid adapter link for supporting and offsetting awrench head, said link being applicably attachable at one end to eitherend of the handle and having a mating ball-detent-equipped lateral studat one end to fit into said keying socket, and a socketforming hole atthe other end for removable reception and retention of said stub-shank,said stud and said hole both being square in cross-sectional shape andcooked at an angle so that the marginal surfaces are disposed at obliqueangles relative to the lengthwise axial center of the overall link.
4. For use in turning and driving screw-threaded nuts and headed studs,an adjustable hand tool comprising, in combination, a Wrench head havingmeans at one end for releasably engaging a nut on the head of a stud andfor turning the same and having a keying and stud receiving andretaining square socket at the other end, a rigid elongated handleadapted to assume a position with its longitudinal axis at right anglesto the axis of said wrench head when in use, said handle embodying astraight rod having an axially disposed keying and retaining socket andinternal ball detents at one end, having an axially projecting keyingand retaining stub-shank with accompanying ball detents at the otherend, a plurality of straight rigid wrench head supporting and adjustinglinks, said links being adapted to project to assume a position at rightangles to the axis of said handle, at least one of said links having asquare socket at its handle-attached end provided with spring-loadedball detents, the other end of said link having a lateral rectangularstud also provided With spring-loaded b-all detents, said socket andstud being of corresponding cross-sectional dimensions, the stud on saidhandle being fitted retentively but releasably in the square socketprovided therefor on the cooperating end of said link, the stud on saidlink fitting into the socket provided therefor in the aforementionedWrench head, the adjacent end portions of said Wrench head and linkbeing disposed in overlapping relationship.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,018,112 Do s F b. 2 1 12 6 Parsons et a1. June 20, Osburn Feb. 27,Mandl Sept. 9, Mulcay Feb. 28, Randall May 1, Scott May 19,
FOREIGN PATENTS France May 5, Australia Aug. 16,
OTHER REFERENCES Circular published by Jo Manufacturing Co., June 24, 151946, 8442 Otis St. South Gate, Calif,
| 2024-03-22 | 1960-04-08 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1962-06-19"
} |
US-44951742-A | Steroid derivatives
Patented Jan. 15, 1946 s'ranom DERIVATIVES Hans 1L Rosenberg,Wilmington, Del., and Daniel H. Terry, lwoodstown, N. J" assignors to E.I. du Pont de Nemours 8: Company, Wilmington, DeL, a corporation ofDelaware No Drawing. Application July 2, 1942, Serial No. 449,517
2 Claims.
This invention relates to a new class of steroid derivatives andprocesses for their production and use.
Numerous steroid derivatives are known in the art. Likewise, many ofthese derivatives have been isolated and identified, and processes fortheir production have been discovered- Because of the complexity oftheir molecules and the numerous by-products which may be formedtherefrom it is particularly important that new and stable derivativesthereof be produced. In this manner, valuable steroids may be isolated,stored and/or converted to important pharmaceutical and chemicalproducts with a minimum of deleterious side reactions taking place.
It is an object of this invention to produce a new class of steroidderivatives which are capable of conversion to important pharmaceuticaland chemical products. A further object is to produce a new class ofpharmaceutical intermediates. A still further object is to producederivatives of 7- hydroxy sterols which are of particular value in theproduction of pro-vitamins D. Additional objects will become apparentfrom a consideration of the following description and claims.
These objects are attained according to the hereinafter describedinvention which comprises the production of polycarboxylic acid estersof steroids, and the employment of such esters in the further productionof pharmaceuticals and chemicals. In a more restricted sense thisinvention is concerned with polycarboxylic acid esters of steroidshaving a double bond adjacent at least one of said polycarboxylic acidester groups. In a still more restricted sense this invention isconcerned with polycarboxylic acid esters of 7- Five parts of7-hydroxy-cholesterol-3-bcnzoate. M. P. 192-193" C. (described byRosenberg and Tinker, U. S. P. 2,215,727) and 12 parts of phthalicanhydride are dissolved in 25 parts of pyridine and the mixture isrefluxed for one hour. (Temp. 114-118 C.) The pyridine solution ispoured into water. extracted with ether and the ether solution extractedwith dilute suliuric acid, sodium carbonate and water. After drving theether solution over anhydrous sodium sulfate. the ether is distilledoil. The residue is recrystallized repeatedly from acetone-methanolmixture and 7hydroxy-cholesterol-l-acid phthalate-3 benzoate, meltingpoint about 187-1815 C. (unconz) is obtained. Calculated for C42H54Oe;C='l7.l1: H=8.32: found 0:77.05; H=8.32.
, Example 2 One part of 7-hydroxy-cholesterol '7 acidphthalate-B-benzoate, M. P. 187-1875" C. is dissolved in twenty parts ofterpineol and the mixture refluxed for three hours. C). The terpineol isthen distilled on under reduced pressure (3 mm.) and acetone is added tozoate crystallizes out in a yield of 65% of theory the residue. The7-dehydro-cholesterol-benand by saponiilcation is converted into7-dehydro-cholesterol.
Example 3 One part of 'I-hydroxy-cholesterol 7 acidphthalate-Ii-benzoate is dissolved in ten parts of Tetralin." Themixture is refluxed under nitrogen for two hours. The mixture is cooledto about -60" C. and the Tetralln" is distilled over under vacuum andthe reaction product is worked up as described in the above example. A50'}; yield of 'I-dehydro-cholesterol benzoate is obtained.
Example 4 7-hydroxy-cholesterol-7-acld phthalate 3 benzoate is dissolvedin dimethyl aniline in a molecular ratio of 1:100. The mixture isrefluxed under nitrogen for two hours, and the reaction product isworked up as described in the previous paragraphs. A yield of oi theoryof 7-dehydro-cholesterol benzoate is obtained.
Example 5 (Temp. 216-220 excess succinic acid, dried over anhydroussodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness. The residue isrecrystallized from methanol repeatedly and'l-hydroxy-cholesterol-'l-acid succinate-3- benzoate which melts atabout 178-179 C. (uncorr.) is obtained. Calculated for C3sH540oC foundfor Example 6 Example 7 One part of 7-hydroxy-cholesterol-7-acidsuccinate-3-benzoate is dissolved in 50 parts of Tetralin." The mixtureis refluxed under nitrogen for two hours. The mixture is cooled to aboutoil-60 C. and the Tetralin is distilled over under vacuum. The reactionproduct is worked up as described in the above example. A 50% yield of'I-dehydro-cholesterol bnzoate is obtained.
Example 8 7-hydroxy-cholesterol-7-acid succi'nate-S-benzoate isdissolved in dimethyl aniline in a molecular ratio of 1:100. The mixtureis refluxed under nitrogen for two hours, and the reaction product isworked up as described in the previou paragraphs. A yield of 45% oftheory of '7-dehydrocholesterol benzoate is obtained.
Example 9 Equimolecular amounts of 'l-hydroxy-cholmterol-7-acidsuccinate-3-benzoate and sodium acetate are mixed together and heatedunder nitrogen at 200 C. for two hours. The mixture is drowned in water,extracted with ether and the ether solution extracted with sodiumcarbonate and water. After drying the ether solution over anhydroussodium sulfate, the ether is distilled ofl. Acetone is added to theresidue and the "ldehydro-choiesterol-benzoate crystallizes out in ayield of 37% of theory.
It is to be understood that the foregoing examples are representativemerely of a few of the many embodiments of this invention. They may bevaried widely both with respect to the individual reactants, the amountsthereof, and the conditions of reaction without departing from the scopeof this invention.
In place oi. the steroids previously referred to it is to be understoodthat the numerous other steroids which occur in nature or which arederivable therefrom are contemplated for use herein. In particular, itis to be understood that this invention embraces the treatment of thosesteroids wherein a double bond exist in a position adjacent to thehydroxy group, especially when this hydroxy group occurs in the7-position. This is so regardless of whether additional substituents arealso present in other positions of the molecule.
Any compound may be treated in accordance with this invention which hasa. cyclo-pentanoperhydro-phenanthrene skeleton wherein the hydroxy groupis in the 7-position and a double bond is in the 5,6-position. Suchsubstances are sometimes termed steroids or terld compounds, and
chains are substituted with other functional 7 groups, such as, forexample, 0x0, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, as well as theirderivatives. It' i is, therefore, to be understood that the termsteroids" includes not ony sterols, but also bile acids, plant heartpoisons, saponines and sex hormones.
A representative few of the many steroids included within the scope ofthe foregoing are 'lhydroxy-cholesterol, 'l-l'rydroxy-sitosterol,7-hydroxy-stigmasterol, 3,7-dihydroxy-delta-5-cholenic acid,delta-5-3,7,17-androstentriol, and the corresponding'compounds of thepregnane series.
As previously mentioned, these compounds are esterifled with apolycarboxylic acid. mamples of a few of such acids are oxalic,succinic, adipic, fumaric, maleic, glutaric,pime1lc; 3-nitro-phthalic.t-chlorophthalic, 4-methoxy-phthalic, suberic, mesaconic: aconitic,trimesic, prehnitic, etc.
It should be noted that mixtures of steroids and/or esterifying agentsmay be used without departing from the scope of this invention. Forcertain purposes such mixtures may produce esters which are superior tothose produced from sin gle reactants.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention the aforesaidpolycarboxylic acids are reacted with the hydroxyl group on the'7-position of a stern] molecule, particularly wtih7-hydroxy-ch0lesterol. It is also contemplated that in addition to, orin place of, the foregoing hydroxyl group they may be reacted with otherhydroxyl groups present on the molecule. Likewise, it is contemplatedthat the remaining hydroxyl groups of the molecule may be esterlfiedwith the same or other acids, which may be mcnocarboxvllc orpolycarboiwilc, before the hydroxyl group on the 7-position isesterifled. This latter hydroxyl group is then esterified with thepolycarboxylic acids previously mentioned or with acids suggestedthereby.
Esteriflcation of the steroid with the polycar boxylic acid may beaccomplished in accordance with well known esterlflcation technique. Forexample, the steroid may be treated with the chloride or anhydride ofthe polycarboxylic acid. This is preferably carried out in the presenceof an acid-binding agent such as an amine.
The resulting esteriiied steroid may be then treated to introducetherein a double bond. This is particularly desirable in the case of7-hydroxy sterol esters since the resulting product may then be madeantirachitically active by suitable treatment. Introduction of thisdouble bond may be eftectuated by selective thermal decomposition of theesteriiled steroid, either in the liquid or solid phase.
This thermal decomposition is preferably carried out in the liquid phasein the presence of solvents and assisting agents, a few of which havebeen referred to in the above examples. Additional solvents andassisting agents may, of course, be added thereto or substituted inplace thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. Thesolvents and assisting agents are of particular value where it is soughtto introduce a double bond in the 7-8 position by splitting out an acidfrom an esterifled 7-hydroxy sterol compound. Some of the solvents andassisting agents satisfactory for use in this connection arehydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters, amines, nitriles and the like.A representative group of them are disclosed in U. 8. Patents No.2,209,934 and 2,255,815; and in U. 8. Patent applications Serial No.428.785, 431,315 and 439,241.
Where the aforementioned thermal decomposition reaction is carried outin the solid phase there is an absence of any solvent. The presence ofsolid assisting agents is, however, contemplated although they are notessential.
By applying the foregoing selective thermal decomposition reaction topolycarhoxylic acid esters of 'l-hydroxy sterols valuable 'l-dehydrosterois may be obtained. If the so-obtained products contain additionalester groups they may be removed by suitable and well knownsaponiflcation treatments to produce the unesterified 7-dehydro sterols.This treatment is particularly adaptable to the production of7-dehydrocholesterol, which is of great commercial importance because itmay be antirachitically activated to produce a valuable and essentialvitaminD.
By means of the present invention a new class of chemical andpharmaceutical intermediates is rendered available. These compounds arequite dissimilar to any heretofore known and are of particular value inthe production of certain pharmaceuticals. particularly provltamins D.The compounds are easy to produce and they are admirably adapted to theintroduction of double bonds therein.
As many apparently widely diilerent embodiments of this invention may bemade withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodimentsthereof except as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. 7-hydroxy-cholesterol-'l-acid phthalatc-3.- benzoate.
2. A process which comprises esterii'yina''i-hydroxy-cholesterol-ii-benzoate with phthalic anhydride.
HANS R. ROSENBERG. DANIEL H. TERRY.
| 2024-03-22 | 1942-07-02 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1946-01-15"
} |
US-51033121-A | Plunger-operating mechanism
March 30 1926.
. cs. c. WILKINSON ET AL PLUNGER OPERATING MECHANISM Filed Oct. 25, 1921Patented Mar. 30, 1926.
. 1,579,110 UNITED STATES PATENT'OFFICE.
' GUY G. WILKINSON AND MEAD HEDGLON, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS'IO SYRACUSE WASHING MACHINE CORPORATION; OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, A
CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.
PLUNGER-OPERATING MECHANISM.
To all whom it may concern: 1
Be it known that we, GUY G. WILKINSON and MEAD HEDGLON, citizens of theUnited States, and residents of Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, inthe State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements inPlunger-Operating Mecha nism, of which the following, taken inconnection with the vaccompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exactdescription.
This invention relates to a plunger operating mechanism for washingmachines, of
the general type disclosed in patent to Zuill- No. 1,021,498 embodying avertically reciprocating plunger that imparts desired movements to thevacuum cup devices of the machine.
The main object of this invention is to provide mechanism for deliveringpower to the piston in a straight line conformingto the axis of thepiston. This feature has many advantages in that it eliminates sidethrusts from. the bearings in which the piston is operating, and evenpermits the use of the slngle bearing for the piston, should that be.desirable. l
Other objects relate more specifically to the arrangement andconstruction of the mechanism for eflecting straight-line movement ofthe piston such as simplification of the mechanism by the elimination ofusually required parts, such as forinstance, equalizing devices, etc. K
Further, our invention provides an apparatus of simple construction andoperation that is more easily assembled than those heretofore used andthat eliminates prac-- tically all danger of the mechanism becoming outof alignment after being properly assembled.
Other objects and advantages relate v to the details of construction andform ofthe mechanism, all as will more fully appear from the followingdescription, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is an elevation of the mechanism of our invention. q
Figures .2 and 3- are diagrammatic illustrations of the mechanism indifi'erent operative positions.
For the purpose of illustrating our invention, we have indicated a frame1 which may be of any form and construction, pref erably from someportion ,of which mechanism hereinafter described is supported.
its'upper end upon pin '3- carried by or' formed in connection with theframe 1 of the machine. The main lever or walking beam L of thepiston-operating Inechanism is hinged or pivoted at one end upon the pin5 formed at 'the lower end of the swinging leg 2, and the opposite endof the lever 4 is formed with a yoke, the opposite walls 6- of which areformed with openings or journals for receiving respective trunnions 7egitending at oppositesides of a trunnion block 8- mounted on the lowerend of the piston 9 of the washing machine. Any suitable mechanism maybe provided for securing the walls 6' in proper position with respect tothe trunnions 7. actuated. for the purpose of reciprocating piston '9'bymeans of arpltman -10. mounted at its lower end upon a pin "11 formed inconnection with the main lever 4 and at its upper end upon a pin -l2-formed in connection with a crank-arm 13-4 rigidly mounted upon the 14of the washing machine.
It will be obviousthat as the main shaft 14 rotates the'pin 12- willtravel as indicated in dotted line, Figure 1, carrying with it the upperend of the pitman 10-, thereby moving the main lever,4- about its pivot"5., to raise and lower the plunger '-9. For the purpose of causing themain lever 4.- to deliver power to the piston or plunger -9- in astraightline conforming substantially to the axis of main shaft theplunger, a radiusbar 15 is rovided having one endfipivotally mounte upona pin -16 which may be rigidly carried from any part of the machige sothat it remains in stationary position during the end of the radius bar15- is pivotally connected to the main lever 4 in any suitable mannerand as shown,'one of the The main lever '4.- is
operation of the mechanism. The opposite m members, as for instance theradius bar 15 is provided with a pin 17 extending through the othermember to'provide such a pivotal connection. n
It will be obvious from the disclosure that as the main shaft -14rotates, carrying with it the crank-arm 13 and "pitman 1G that the mainlever 4 will be raised and lowered to raise and lower the piston orplunger 9, and that as the main lever is raised and lowered, it will becaused to reciprocate by means of radius bar 15 to an extent sufficientto cause the application of power to the plunger 9 to be in a straightline conforming to the axis of the plunger. This movement of the mainlever 4- is ermitted by reason of the fact that its p vot 5 is upon aleg 2 that is free to swing about the pin ,3 carried in .a stationarymanner. by the main frame" the pivotal pin 5 for the'lever A is adaptedto swing toward and from the plunger in substantially the samehori'zo'ntal plane as that ,of the pivotal stud 16 for the radius bar-15-- while the throw of the crank arm 13, which is connected to thelever 4- by of the pitman 10- is made to rock the lever -4-; upon itsfulcrum -5 equal distances above and below the horizontal plane of theaxis of the pivotal stud 16 of the radius barw15.
This radius bar 15- extends from its pivotal stud 16- toward the fulcrum5 of the lever 4- and is pivoted to said lever at 17 between the pivots5 and -11 and therefore, its pivotal pin 17 will travel throu h avertical arc equal distances above an below the horizontai plane of theaxis of the pivotal stud 16 as the lever and plunger 9 carried therebyare moved vertically by the crank arm 13- and pitman 10.
The length of the radius bar 15- depends upon tl1e-throw of the crankarm 13 and therefore, upon the movement of the lever --4- from oneextreme position to another but is made to conform to the changingposition of the pivot 5- with the link 2- under the condition that thepiunger 9 is moved rectilinearly of its axis. For example, asuming thatthe plunger 9 is moved rectilinearly of its axis from the position shownin Figure 1, it is evident that as the adjacent end "of the lever 4approaches the horizontal plane its opposite end connected to the lowerend of the link 2- will be moved afshort distance to the right, and asthe lvercontinues to move to its extreme upward limit,
- p the pivot 5 will be returned to its starting position through thesame distance and it 18 this amount of movement of the pivot means 7 -5which determines radial length of the bar l5 which is proportionate tothe length and angular movement of the lever 7 That is, the arc ofmovement of the pivot- 7 ai pin 17- ofthe radius bar 15 which ifulcrumed at 16 in the horizontal plane of the pivot 5 is (if suchradius as to cause the pivotal pin 7 to travel rectilin'early of theaxis of the plunger 9 it 7 being understood that the middle ordinates ofthe arcs of movement of the pivotal pins 17- and 7 are alsoproportionate in that the middle ordinate of the arc of movement of thepin :17corresponds to the 8 .tween the pivot l7 and the trunnions Thelower end of the link 2 carrying l7and the pivot of the walls 6 of 9 theyoke end of the lever, permitting eliicient operation with considerableeconomy of space and material.
specific Iconstrhction of mechanism and a particular form andarrangement of the parts thereof, as illustrative of a perhaps preferredembodiment of our invention, we do not desire to limit ourselves to thedetails i of form, construction or arrangement of the mechanism, asvarious changes may be made without departing from the invention as setforth in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A plunger operating mechanism com- 1 prising in combination with avertically movable plunger, a walking beam fulcrumed at one end topermit longitudinal movement of the beam and having its other endoperatively connected to the plunger, a rotary no driving elementmovable about a fixed axis above the intermediate portion of the walkingbeam, a pitman having one end eccentrically pivotedto the drivingelement and its other end pivotally connected to the intermediateportion of the walking beam for rocking said beam upon its fulcrum andthereby reciprocating the plunger, and a radius rod having one endpivoted to swing about a fixed axis in the vertical plane of and belowthe axis of the driving element and its other end pivotally connected tothe walking beam between the fulcrum of said beam and the pivotalconnection of the pitman with the beam.
2. A. plunger operating mechanism comprisin in combination with avertically movab e plunger, an upright link having its upper end pivotedto swing about a fixed Although we have shown and described a axis, aWalking beam having one end fulcrumed on the lower end of the link andits other end pivotally connected to the plunger for reciprocating thesame, a rotary driving element movable abouta fixed axis between thelink and plunger and above the intermediate portion of the walking beam,a pitman having one end e'coentrieally pivoted to the driving elementand its other pivoted to the intermediate portion of the walking beamfor rocking said beam upon its fulcrum, and a radius bar having one endpivoted to swing about a fixed axis in the vertical plane of and belowthe axis of the driving element and its other end pivotally connected tothe Walking beam be- It tweenthe pitman and link.
In Witness whereof'we have hereunto set our hands this 19th day ofOctober, 1921. GUY O. WILKINSON.
I MEAD Q"; i DGLON.
| 2024-03-22 | 1921-10-25 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1926-03-30"
} |
US-27581528-A | Collapsible box or case for holding electric and other bulbs
April 8, 1930.. J. BROWNLIE ET AL COLLAPSIBLE BOX OR CASE FOR HOLDINGELECTRIC AND OTHER BULBS Filed May '7. 1928 1/ A s i Patented Apr. 8,1930 UNITED STATES PATIENT orrlcla'.
JAMES BROWNLIE, F DENNISTOUN, GLASGOW, AND ARCHIBALD HORSLEY, 0FTHORNLIEIBANK, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND COLLAPSIBLE BOX 0R CASE FOR HOLDINGELECTRIC AND OTHER BULBS Application filed May 7, 1928, Serial No.275,815, and in Great Britain December 10,1927.
Our invention relates to improvements in and connected with collapsibleboxes or cases for holding electric and other bulbs, and is animprovement in or modification of our earlier application No. 233,281,of 14th November,
1927, and has for its object inter alia to reduce the cost and simplifythe packing of such and atthe same time enable the bulb to be testedwithout removing it from the case or box.
In carrying out this invention under one form of construction, the boxor case is made of one-piece of cardboard or other suitable material andis so scored as to form the four sides of the box or case, one of thesides being provided with a slit and that on the side at the oppositeend is of rounded formation to easily slip into the slit when the box ismade up and binds the whole together. The cardboard is further out andscored at the lower end to form the bottom and top of the box or caseand the carrier for the bulb. In this carrier a shelf is formed, havinga circular hole for the reception of the neck of the bulb and a circularhole is also formed on the bottom or base of the box or case by which itcan be seen, when tested, whether the bulb is perfect or defective. Atongue-piece is formed on the lower part of the walls of the carrierwith a double elastic band on and between which the bottom part of thebulb rests, the tonguepiece pressing against the bulb thereby retains itin position having sufficient resiliency or spring to prevent any damageto the bulb while in the box or case. A small tongue is also formed onthe upper end of one of the walls of the carrier by which the loose endof the side of the shelf becomes locked in position. When the sides arefolded over to form the box or case, the whole becomes one complete andperfect unit and ver readily collapsed for the removal of the bulb.
In place of having the rubber band, a shelf of cardboard or such likematerial may be provided and which is suitably stitched to the box orcase, but otherwise it is in every way similar to that alreadydescribed. When it is desired to test the bulb, the top or cover isopened on its hinge and the metal part exposed.
ber band 0, we provide a shelf S of cardboard In order that ourinvention may be properly understood and; readily carried into effect,we have hereunto appended one sheet of drawings, of which Figure l is aside perspective view of the box or case partially open and containing alamp.
Figure 2 is an end perspective view of box or case slightly opened.
Figure 3 is a plan of complete sheet of which the box or case is formedon reduced sea a.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a slightly modified form of box orcase.
Referring to the drawings, A, B, C and D are the four sides of the boxor case formed by scoring, as shown in dot "and dash lines, Figure 3,the side D having the slit E cut thereon, and F is the flap on the sideA which is of rounded formation and fits into the slit E in the side Dwhen the box or case is built up, thus, as stated, binding the wholetogether. G is the bottom or end of the box or case formed by scoringand is provided with a circular hole G by which it can be observed 75whether the bulb is perfect, and H is the top formed by scoring. I isthe shelf which is likewise formed by scoring and has also acircularhole I for the reception of the neck J of the bulb K. L and Mare the walls of the carrier formed by cutting the cardboard or othermaterial, each having a tongue piece N and N respectively cut thereon towhich there is attached the rubber band 0. A tongue P is also providedon the wall M adjacent the top H thereby locking the loose end Q, of theshelf I in position. R is the top flap of the end of the box or case.
Referring to Figure 4 in place of the rubor such like which is stitchedor otherwise attached to the box or case and is also provided with ahole S for inspection purposes.
Claims:
1. A collapsible box formed from a single blank and comprising fourouter or covering wall members A, B, C, D initially arranged in a seriesside by side, an end member G united to one of said first named members,inner wall members L, M on opposite sides and united to said end memberand closure flaps H, I at the outer ends of said inner wall members.
2. A collapsible box as claimed in claim 1, including also a flap F atthe outer side of one of the outermost outer wall members and arrangedto engage in a slot E in the other outermost outer wall member.
In witness whereof we affix our signatures.
JAMES BROWNLIE.
ARCHIBALD HORSLEY.
| 2024-03-22 | 1928-05-07 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1930-04-08"
} |
US-71933624-A | Yardage stop motion for warpers
. Oct. 27, 1925. 1,558,969
I E. J. ENTWISTLE ET AL I YARDAGE STOP MOTION FOR WARPERS Filed June 11.1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I i g INVENTORS 7 4 WM WEY Patented Oct. 27, 1925.I
UNITED STA EDWARD J. ENTWISTLE, or LOWELL, MAsSAcHUsE'rrs, AND'RALPH.W.none, or
' EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
YARDAGE STOP-MOTION FOR WARPERS.
Application filed .Tune 11, 1924. Serial No. 719,336.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, EDWARD J. ENT- wrs'rLn and RALPH W. Dons, citizensof the United States, residing at Lowell and Exeter, respectively,dlesex and Rockingham and States of Massachusetts and New Hampshire,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Yardage StopMotions for Warpers, of which the following is a specification.
' It has special reference to silk warpers wherein the silk threads arewound upon a reel, perhaps six feet in diameter, in 'successive strips,circumferenti-ally.
It is the custom in preparing such silk warps, at predetermineddistances tov stop the machine and to pass between the shed or lease ofthewarp, what are known as leasecords. I
In the common'formof warper to which this invention is applicable, thelarge reel is at the backwhile the operator is between this and thespools, her attention being taken up in watching and piecing threadsas'they pass'from the spools to the reel.
The reel is driven by a friction pulley which is held in'position by afoot lever on which the operator places one foot when it is desired tohave the machine operate, and from which she takes her foot when it isdesired to stop.
The purpose of our device is to provide adjustable means by which, whena pre-de termined length of the warp known as a out has been wound thereel will be automatically stopped by a trigger action, but will bealmost instantly set for starting the next cut and before the operatoragain steps on the foot lever. a
An additional purpose of our dev ce is to connect with this mechanism atype of 2 recording mechanism which will count the number of cuts whichcan be set for any pie-determined number, as 7, 8 or 9, in such mannerthat the indicator will make a complete circle for such numberof cuts.
In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a detail in elevation of the recordingdevice. Fig. 2 is a view from the rightof Fig.
in the counties of.Mid-- by suitable supports Fig. 3 is a view of thedial from the back of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4: is an elevation from the side of a silk warping machine of thetype to which our device is especially applicable. 7
Fig. 5 is a detailed elevation from the side of a modified form of latchlever.
Fig. 6 is a detail showing the latch or detent in another position. N
Fig. 7 .is aview from the left of Fig, .5.
Fig. 8 is a detailed elevation of the measuring chain and latch lever.
Fig. 9. is an elevation from the right of Fig. 8 with the chain removed.p
In the drawings, A represents the frame of a silk warper in which thereis a large reel or mill B which is freely revoluble on or with shaft 60carried in suitable bearings by the frame.
G represents a control lever pivoted on the'frame at.53. It has on itslong arm 54: a square stud which projects sidewise therefrom, and at itsshort end 56 carries a friction drive roll 16. 5 I
This drive roll 16 is fixed to a shaft 52 on which is alsofixed a drivepulley 17 driven by a suitable belt P, or in any other way whereby poweris transmitted to friction drive roll 16..- v
Shaft 52 is revoluble in bearings carried 18 pivoted at 51 on a bracket50 whereby, when the end 54: of lever C is depressed end 56 carryingshaft 52 and roll 16 are raised, roll, 16 drives reel B through contactwith a ring 80 fixed thereto.
7 is across shaft which insuch machines is usually a worm and carries apulley or sprocket 63 which is driven from the reel B through a pulleyor sprocket 61 revoluble therewith, by means of a belt of chain 62.
F is a foot lever pivoted at 70 to the frame and having a foot rest 71for the operators .foot. It is normally pulled upward by 'a spring 72and its upward movement is limitedby a stop 14.
The above parts are all old. Ordinarily there is a rod extending fromfoot' lever F to the end of C by which control lever C is operated.
In our device, -we provide a latch G pivoted at one end 82 to lever F,and "preferably having a turn-buckle 83 by which its length can beregulated.
itsbaok face 12 is a square notch 10 in position to engage stud 55 whenfoot lever F is raised, as it normally is by spring 72.
An engaging spring 13 normally presses the face 12 against stud 55.
D is a sprocket carried by? the end of cross-shaft 7, and around thissprocket passes an endless chain H, the links of which can be removedand replaced, whereby the chain can be lengthened or shortened.
In Figs. 8 and 9 is shown a simple form of knock-off lever inco-operation with a chain such as H in which is a link having a diamondshaped projecting tooth 2.
K is a knock-01f lever medially pivoted at 5, having an arm 3, at theend of which is a pointed nose 1 which normally is in engagement withchain H, and at the end of its other arm 4 a knock-off pin 8 normally inengagement with the back face 12 of latch G.
The length of chain H is adjusted for the length of cut desired, andtooth 2 is started just beyond nose 1. The chain moves around with thereel 13 until the tooth 2 engages the nose 1, which forces it back andthus pushes knock-off pin 8 forward where by stud 55 is released fromnotch 10, and the weight of reel 16, pulley 17, etc. causes roll 16 todrop. away from rim 80. Reel B quickly stops from friction, but usuallynot before tooth 2 passes beyond nose 1 a short distance.
If this occurs when the operators foot is on rest 71 the weight causesrest 71 to drop, and she is instantly aware that the ma.- chine hasstopped. As soon as she removes her foot, spring 72 lifts lever F whilespring 18 causes the re-engagement of notch 10 with stud 55, and themachine is all set ready for action. She then again places her foot onrest 71.
To operate recording mechanism L, we can use a pin 28 fixed on chain Hin a suitable position ahead of tooth 2 so that when nose 3 isdisengaged, pin 23 will strike one of the fins 2 4 of a small gear 21and make it turn one-fourth. The spring 22 will be pushed out and willsnap in, in a well known manner.
Gear 21 revolves another indicating gear 20, the face 27 of whichcorresponding with the gear teeth is divided into numbers such as 1 to 9the purpose being to indicate the number Jof cuts desired.
By using a larger or smaller gear 27, with correspondingly greater orfewer teeth the number can be changed to 9 or 8 or 7, or to 11 or 12,etc.
By attaching this to a bracket 90 in which is a slot 91, through whichthe pivot 26 for ge rs pa s and by means f nu 2 difierent diameters ofgears can be used.
As h opera or s ar he maeh ne fr time to time to" piece ends, it ispossible she might be releasing the foot lever just before the nosereached the tooth and it might then coast past, and therefore not stopthe machine at the decided yardage.
To avoid the possibility of this, we may use the device shown in Figs.4, 5, 6 and 7.
Instead of a diamond shaped tooth, we, may use on a link 40 a face 41which is fiat and elongated to correspond with the normal coastingdistance which the reel runs after pulley 16 is disengaged from its rim80.
On knock-off lever Z is an arm 42 to which at 44 so as to swinglaterally is pivoted a detent 43 having a nose 46 and returning spring45.
There is also on an arm 47 fixed to the frame, a stop screw 48 to limitthe movement of Z, nose 46, and arm 400 which is the same as arm 4, andcarries a knock-off pin 8 as in the other construction.
As shown in Fig. 6 by the full lines, nose 46 when pushed aside by hand,on account of spring-'13 acting on aim 400, will slip in beside face 41of link 40'but when this link passes to the position of the dotted linesin Fig. 5, nose 46 will spring back to its normal position shown by thedotted lines in Fisl/Ve claim:
1. The combination in a warping machine having a frame, a reel revolubletherein, a control lever pivoted in the frame, a stud carried by one endthereof, a friction drive roll carried by the other end proximate andadapted to drive the reel, a cross worm shaft, means to drive said shaftfrom the reel, a foot lever, and means to keep said foot lever normallyraised; of a latch pivoted to said foot lever and having a notch inengagement with the stud; a spring adapted to keep the notch and stud inen gagement; a sprocket carried by the cross shaft; an endless chaincarried by the sprocket having a projecting tooth; a medially pivotedknock-off lever having at one end a nose in engagement with said chainand at the other end a knock-off pin in engagement with said latch;recording mechanism; and a pin carried by the chain so positioned as tooperate said recording mecha nism.
2. The combination in a. warping machine having'a frame, a reelrevoluble therein, a control lever pivoted in the frame, a stud carriedby one end thereof, a friction drive roll carried by the other endproximate and adapted to drive the reel,a cross worm shaft, means todrive said shaft from the reel, a foot lever, and means to keep saidfoot lever normally raised; of a latch pivoted to said foot lever andhaving a notch in engagement with the stud; a, spring adapted'to keepthe notch and stud in enement; a Sproc e c r y h Cross shaft; an endlesschain carried by the sprocket having a projecting tooth with a flattenedface; a medially pivoted knockoff lever having at one end a knock-offpin in engagement with said latch, and at the other end an arm; a detentwith a nose in engagement with the chain pivoted to said arm and havinga returning spring; recording mechanism; and a pin carried by the chainso positioned as to operate said recording mechanism.
3. The combination in a warping machine having a frame, a reel revolubletherein, a control lever pivoted in the frame, a stud carried by one endthereof, a friction drive roll carried by the other end proximate andadapted to drive the reel, a cross worm shaft, means to drive said shaftfrom the reel, a foot lever, and means. to keep said foot lever normallyraised; of a latch pivoted to said foot lever and having a notch inengagement with the stud; a spring adapted to keep the notch and stud inengagement; a sprocket carried by the cross shaft; an endless chaincarried by the sprocket having a projecting tooth; a medially pivotedknock-0E lever having at one end a nose in engagement with said chainand at'the other end a knock-off pin in engagement with said latch.
4. The combination with a warping machine in which is a revoluble,endless measuring chain having a projecting tooth with a flattened face;of a medially pivoted knock-off lever having at one end means to stopthe warping machine, and at the other end an arm; and a detent pivotedlaterally to said arm, said detent having a nose in engagement with thechain, and a returning spring.
EDWARD J. ENTWISTLE. RALPH W, DOEG.
| 2024-03-22 | 1924-06-11 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1925-10-27"
} |
US-11079149-A | Can opener
y 1954 E. w. ANDERSON 2,677,881
CAN OPENER Filed Aug. 17, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet l y 11. 1954 E. w. ANERSON 2,677,881
CAN OPENER Filed Aug. 17 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 11, 1954 E. w.ANDERSON 2,677,331
CAN OPENER Filed Aug. 17 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 M 1954 E. w. ANDERSON2,677,881
CAN OPENER Filed Aug. 17 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG.5.
Patented. May 11, 1954 2,677,881
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CAN OPENER Eric W. Anderson, Chicago, 111.,assignor to Dohm and Nelke Incorporated, St. Louis, .Mo., accr porationof Missouri Application August '17, 19.49, Serial No. 110,791
6 Claims. (Cl. 30-55) 1 This invention relates to a can opener for '2,there is shown at numeral-I a cabinet whichis conveniently opening avariety of sizes of filled supported at the rear on casters 3 and at thecans. front on legs 5. When "upright, the legs 5 pre- Briefly, theinvention consists in apparatus for vent the device from creeping, butit may be commercial can-opening operations in quantity, 5 tiltedbackward on casters 3 for trundling moveand consists of a portablecabinet which is tiltment to any desired position. To the top of theable from an upright position on supporting legs, cabinet is bolted ayoke 7 which has other priand casters, to a tilted position on thecasters for mary functions but is also used as a handle for movement,the whole unit being adapted conconveniently eifecting the stated tiltand moveveniently to be grasped and tilted by a cutter- 10 ment. In theleft-hand portions 'of the cabinet holding yoke. The cabinet containspedal-op- I is certain mechanism described below for re erated mechanismfor moving cans into cooperacipmcating a upp rt or table 9, thismechtion with the cutter on the yoke which is selecanism being undercontrol 'of a left-foot pedal tively controlled from a convenientlyoperable II. This mechanism is also adjustable from a hand lever to makeits pedal-operatedcomponent manual operating lever 13 on the left sideof effective for various types of cutters which are the cabinet. Thisadjusts the mechanism operiequired for various sizes of cansaccommodated. ated by pedal H to force small cans into associa- Otherfeatures will be in part apparent and in m n w h n yp f cutter h a shownn npart painted t hereinafter eral at numeral [5 (Fig. '1), or foradjusting the The invention accordingly comprises the eleechanism toforce large cans into association merits and combinations of elements,features of With another type of cutter head shown in genconstruction,and arrangements of parts which eral at numeral ll (Fig.2)
will be exemplified in the structures hereinafter On the right side ofthe cabinet I is a repta l c e I9 having a top opening 2| convenientlyFig. 1 is a perspective view of themachine from t dal Cans wh ch aredropped into the its left front, showing the use of a cutter mechaoreceptacle l9 through pen n 2| are retained nism for smaner cans;therein until flattened by the crushing mecha- Fig. 2 is a view similarto Fig. 1, but showing the which Operative m pedal 23. The remachinefrom the right front, showing the use of ceptaele s a lower s ctedopenin at l 29 a cutter mechanism for larger cans; I which does not showin Figs. 1 and 2, but, does Fig. 8 is a front elevation in orthographicpro: :1; j'ection, showing the machine with a cutter for Scribed- ThisOpening is O positioned and is large cans and parts in retractedpositions; of such limited width and elongate shape that Fig. 4 is aleft-side view of Fig. 3; w p
Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken on line 5 5 I 3" Was e p le Such assuggested'at 21. of Fig. 4, but showing the crusher parts in ex-It's'hould be noted before giving further detended crushing position;tailed description, that the parts of the appa- Fig 5 is a cross sectiontaken on line 5 of ratus are arranged for convenient operation by Fig 3b t showing parts in position for .operaan operator standing in front ofit. He may tion upon small cans; employ one or the other for operationof the Fig. 7 is a detail section taken on line .'I 7 pedals H and 23, hleft hand for operating the of Fig. 6;
Fig. Sis a-detail longitudinal section. of a cutter ns c s to and fromthe table 9 and for phead for smaller cans; ping cans into thereceptacle [9. Crushed cans F159 is a plan View of Fig and, need not behandled until removed from the pile Fig. 10 is a detail section takenonline lfi-l0 2 The pedals II and 23 extend from an openof Fig 9 ing 29in such a way that; the reactions required Similar reference charactersindicate correr Operating them are Substantially pp ed to sponding partsthroughout the several views of the legs 5, So that the Ina-Chine does ncreep the drawings. during operation. On the other hand, the ma-Referring now more particularly to Figs. 1 and chine'may be easily m v dby grasping the'yoke 1 and tilting it backward, whereupon it trundled onthe casters 3 to any desired new cation.
Referring now more particularly to Figs. 3-6, it will be seen that thecan table 9 is carried upon a stem 3| which is vertically movable in ahearing 33 extending down from the top 35 of the cabinet. The lower endof the stem 3| is hollow for the rocking reception of a push rod 31, thelatter being pivoted at 39 to a rocker 4|. At its other end, the rockeris pivoted at 43 to the clevis of a connecting rod 45, the latter beingpivoted at 41 to an operating pedal arm 49 which carries the pedal Thepedal arm is pivoted at 5| to a bracket 53 attached to a bottom piece 55at tached to the cabinet I. A spring 51, which is anchored at 59 andattached to the pedal arm 49 at 41, serves to bias the pedal arm 49upward to let down the table 9. i
The rocker 4| is unusual in that it does not rock on a fixed pivot. Therocking arrangement is shown best in Figs. 4, 6 and '1. It consists in afixed bracket 5| which is braced by a rod 63. This bracket carries anarcuate slot 65 for accommodating the movement of a cross pin 61, onwhich is a pivot roller 59. The pin 91 is carried upon coordinate arms1|, keyed to a rock shaft 13, the latter being carried in bearings ofthe bracket 6!. Rock shaft 13 passes to the outside of the cabinet I,where it is provided with the lever l3 keyed thereto. These parts 1|, 13and I3 constitute a lever assemblyfl Thus when the lever I3 isoscillated, the coordinate levers 1| oscillate, to move the pin 61 inthe slot 65. Therefore, the pivot roller 59. may assume selectedpositions at opposite ends of the slot 65 which may be compared in Figs.4 and 6.
Selective positioning of the pivot roller 69 controls the manner inwhich the rocker arm 4| will operate in response to depression of thepedal arm 49. This is accomplished by arranging a slot 11 in the rocker4| within which the pivot roller 69 fits. Bracket 9| has two side cheeks19 sandwiching the rocker arm 4| thus determining its plane of motion.The pivot roller 99 in its position in slot 11 is also sandwichedbetween the cheeks 19 and is held captive, the slots 65 being narrowerthan the roller diameter. When the pivot roller 69 takes up a rearwardposition (handle l3 back) such as shown in Fig. 4, italso takes up arearward position in the slot 11. When the pivot roller 69 takes up aforward position in the slot 65 (handle l3 forward), it also takes up aposition at the front end of the slot 11. In the former position (Fig.4), rocker 4| when oscillated by depression of the pedal arm 49 willprovide a high lift for the pivot 39 and hence for the table 9. In thelatter position (Fig. 6) the same rocker 4| when oscillated bydepression of the pedal arm 49 will provide a low lift for the pivot 39and hence for the table 9. In proceeding between its extreme positionsthe pivot means 51, 69 may move rapidly. It is held in either of itsextreme positions by the overcentering detent means constituted by theslots 65 and 61. The end of rocker 4| at pin 43 is detained againstlateral shift when in upward position. This is ef fected by detentrecesses 42 in the cheeks 19, which recesses act as holding sockets forthe upper clevis-end of link 45. This detent means prevents the rocker4| from moving back and forth with the movement of levers 1|. The formof the slot 11 is concave upward, thereby causing its ends to act alsoas detents so that once the lever I3 is thrown either backward or formaybe overhang and the ward it will so remain, with the result that thedesired pivot position of roller 69 will be retained. Hence the linkage49, 45, 4|, 31, controlling table 9, will after setting retain either ofits two positions for high lift of table 9 (Fig. 4) or lowerlift of thattable (Fig. 6). For the high-lift operation, the table starts from alower elevation (Figs 3 and 4) than the starting elevation for thelowlift operation (Fig. 6). This in effect increases the can-receivingthroat of the machine between table, which is for accommodating largercans.
The purpose of the variable-lift operation of the table 9 is to lift asmall can a short distance when the lever H1 is forward (Fig. 1) or alarge can a greater distance when the lever I3 is rearward (Fig. 2). Asstated, the lowering of the starting position of table 9 forlarge-stroke operation provides for acceptance of longer cans. Thegreater stroke of movement for larger cans is desired by reason of thefact that a cutter is re quired for these which requires a longeractuating stroke than is the case for smaller cans. The cutterassemblies |5 (small can) and I1 (large can) are interchangeable, asillustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Each assembly includes a supporting rod 8|or 82 adapted to be fastened in an opening 03 in the overhang 85 of theyoke 1. The rods may be interchangeably fastened by a hand screw Thecutter assembly l5 for small cans will first be described, this beingshown in detail in Figs. 8-10. It consists of a head 09 recessed asshown at 9|. On the one side of the recess is a semicircular positioningand guide shoe 93. In the recess 9| is a flexible band type saw bladewhich is held in position from the inside by a split spring ring 91. Ascrew-operated wedge 99 under control of an adjusting nut |0| cooperateswith the split I03 in the ring 91. When the nut |0| is turned so as todraw up the wedge 99, the ring 91 is expanded radially to wedge thecutter blade 95 against the sides of the recess 9|. Passing through anopening I05 in the head 89 is a springretracted hand punch I01, by meansof which any heads removed from the cans by the cutter blade 95 may bepunched out of the latter. As will appear, cutting action occurs when acan properly positioned on the table 9 by guide 93 is lifted by risingaction of the table, to have its head pushed into the cutter 95. It willbe seen that the cutter blade 95, for small cans, has several relativelyshallow teeth, which require for complete lid removal only ashort-stroke action for the can lift, which corresponds to thearrangement of the parts shown in Figs. 1 and 6. The form of opener forlarge cans is shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, wherein the shorter supportingrod 82 is provided with a head I09, the rim of which is recessed asshown at Ill to accept two semicircular spade-type cutters H3, thecutting edges of which are deep and angular, as indicated in Fig. 4. Asplit holding ring is shown at 5 adapted to be expanded by the expansionbolt 1. This bolt is of the same general type as that described inconnection with Fig. 10, and consequently requires no furtherexplanation beyond the showing in the drawings. After inserting thecutters H3 into the recess Ill and the expansion ring H5, the cuttersare held in place by drawing up the expansion bolt H1 so as to expandthe split ring H5, thus anchoring the cutters.
A semicircular positioning and guide shoe H9 also depends from the headI09. No knockout means is shown. in connection with this-form ofcoverybut it will. be understood that one may be used. With the cutterdescribed, knockout" 3; and 4, wherein the pivot roller 69 is-back inthe groove 65, thus providing a greater stroke of'lifting. action forthe. table 9.
After oneend ofa can is removed, it will be emptied. Itzmay then beinverted andthe other end removed, after'which the-can is dropped intothe: receptacle I9:. This receptacle isconstituted by. spaced walls I2I,I23, a ribbed end wall I25.
and a bottom I 21, the latter extending to an open slot. or narrowdischarge opening I29. Movable to and fromthe opening I29 is a ram I3I-carried on rollers I33. This ram is supported also by guiding pinsI35'which slide in fixed cylindric guides I31, the latter being: rigidlysupportedin bosses I39 attached to the framework of the cabinet I. Theram I3! is operated by a toggle linkage consistingof a link I II pivotedto the ram by means of pin I 43, and a second link I 45 pivoted to abracket I41 on the cabinet I by the pivot pin I49. These two links arepivoted by apin I 51 at a knee joint. Depending from the pin I5: is apull link I53 to which, at I55, is pinned a pull rod I51. The latter atits lower end is pinned as at. I59 to a second pedal'arm I$I whichcarries a pedal 23, the latter being also pivoted on the pin 5JI alreadydescribed. This arm is biased upward by a spring I63. When the pedal 23and arm ISI are. depressed, the pull rod i5? and link I55 pull down thepin i'5I so as to straighten the toggle MI, I 45, thus driving the rainI 3i. through the receptacle I9 to crush against the ribbed end wallI25. any empty container therein. The container will be crushed into aflat plane over the opening I29 so that when (by releasingthe pedal ,23)the spring I63 causes retraction of the ram, gravity will force theflattened can through the narrow opening I29 to the pile I21.
Complete operation is as follows:
By grasping the yoke 1 and tilting the cabinet I backward on wheels 3,it may be trundled into any desired position and then permitted togravitate back into upright position. Assuming that of the hand screw81. This cutter assembly, having the shallow-tooth blade 95, calls forsetting the lever I3 in its forward position, which provides a forwardpivot point for the rocker M and a short lift stroke for the table 9.This also places the table 9 in its upper initial position so as tominimize the amount of extension required in the rod BI for supportingthe cutter at the proper distance above the table 9.
Next acan is placed on the table in contact with the positioning shoe 93and pedal I I is depressed. This elevates the table 9 to force the caninto the cutter, which removes the top. Thereafter the pedal I I isreleased, whereupon the can descends. The can may then be removed andemptied and the top knocked out of the cutter assembly I5. The can maythen. if desired, be inverted and have its bottom out out. Upon thisremoval, the can is dropped into the opening ZI and into the compartmentI9. The pedal 23 is depressed, with the result already described, theflattened can finally dropping through the opening I29.
To operateupon large cans, the lever I3 is placed" initsrearwardposition (Fig. 4). Thisdepresses the tabler9lto a new andlowerstartingposition and pivots the rocker 4| for greater table lift.Thecutter assembly I1 is then applied and operation proceeds as before,except that knockout of the can lids is-accomplished by pushing with anyhandy rod between the spokes of'the-head I99;
Ifthe' contents: of. a can spill during any openingoperation, they arecaught in a depression lli'formed inthe top. 35 and drained outrearwardly over a lip I13.
, The apparatus-has. certain advantages by reasonof its arrangements ofparts. The arrangement. of theyoke for supporting the assembly I5 or I1.and its. relationship to the casters 3 so that it-may be used as an armto trundle the apparatus about when it is tilted on the casters 3.Operation of the lever I3 is conveniently performed by the left handwhen an operator is standing in front of the machine in order totread onthe pedals II and 23 with his left and right feet, respectively. Hisright hand canv con,- veniently drop the containers into the.compartment; it. Both hands may be used to position the container on thetable 9.. Because of the nonwheel'ed legs 5. and the. position of the.pedals II and 2:3; operative reactions on the floor serve to holdtheapparatus in position,
The means for changing the throw of pivot.
point 39 on rocker 4i isa. mechanically convenient one for adapting thetable lift to various sizes of cans. Moreover, it is of such a naturethat for the larger sizes of cans the table 9 is dropped into. aposition to accommodatecans of maximum length for a given throatdistance provided by the yoke 1i with its attached assemblyv I1. cutterassemblies may be conveniently stocked for simple application to theyoke by means of the hand-wheel 81. The toggle links MI and I 45 buckleupwardly in retracting the ram, and straddle both their own operatinglinkages and the elevating rocker linkage for the table 9, both of thelatter linkages extending downward in the cabinet I. This makes acompact arrangement wherein only the receptacle I9 forms an extension;and this extension is advantageous in positioning the outlet I29 for aconvenient dropout of the meshed cans to one side of the cabinet, wherea pile of such cans will not interfere with the actions of the operatorstanding in front of the machine.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of theinvention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
As many changes could be made in the above constructions withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention, it is intended that allmatter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanyingdrawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limitingsense.
I claim:
1. In a can opening device of the type comprising a support, adownwardly directed cutter fixed to the support, and table for holding acan carried by the support for vertical movement below and in line withthe cutter, said table being adapted for upward movement toward thecutter for cutting the top of a can on the table, and for downwardretrastive movement away from the cutter; means for determining high andlow initial positions of the table and for moving the table from eitherof said positions toward the cutter comprising a bracket fixed to thesupport Various 7 having a slot formed to have its ends offset in onedirection, a pin shiftable in the slot between a first position at oneend of the slot and a second position at the other end of the slot,means carried by the support for shifting the pin between its saidpositions, a rocker having a slot formed to have its ends offset in theopposite direction with respect to the ends of the slot in the bracketand mounted on said pin for rocking movement on the axis of the pin, thepin being shiftable from one end of the slot in the rocker to the other,means coupling one end of the rocker and the table, and a foot pedal andmeans coupling the foot pedal to the other end of the rocker for movingthe table toward the cutter, the pedal having a raised retractedposition wherein the table occupies either its high or low initialpositions depending upon whether the pin is at one end or the other ofthe slots.
2. In a can opening device as set forth in claim 1, detent meansoperative between the rocker andthe support for preventing; the rockerfrom moving endwise when the pedal is in its retracted position.
3. A can opening device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the bracket hasa recess receiving the coupling means between the foot pedal and therocker when the pedal is in its retracted position for preventing therocker from moving endwise.
4. A can opening device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the slots areformed with the ofiset ends by being made arcuate, with the slot in thebracket and the slot in the rocker reversely curved.
5. A can opening device comprising a cabinet, a cutter yoke extendingupward from the top of the cabinet and carrying a downwardly directedcutter spaced from the top of the cabinet, a stem extending through anopening in the top of the cabinet and adapted for vertical movement inalignment with the cutter, a can table on the upper end of the stem, abracket mounted inside the cabinet, a horizontal rock shaft journalledin said bracket extending out of the cabinet through an opening in thecabinet, an operating lever on the outer end of the rock shaft, thebracket having an arcuate slot centered generally in the axis of theshaft and concave downward, a radial arm fixed on the rock shaftcarrying a horizontal pin extending through said arcuate slot, the pinbeing shiftable from one end of the slot to the other by rocking theshaft by means of the lever, a rocker having an upwardly concave arcuateslot receiving the pin and being adapted for rocking movement on theaxis of the pin, the
pin being shiftable from one end of the slot in the rocker to the other,a foot pedal pivoted at one end inside the cabinet and extending out ofthe cabinet at its other end through an opening in the cabinet, acoupling between one end of the rocker and the stem, a coupling betweenthe foot pedal and the other end of the rocker for lifting the stem andtable when the pedal is pushed down, and spring means biasing the pedalupward to a raised retracted position wherein the table occupies eithera high or low initial position depending upon whether the pin is at oneend or the other of the slots.
6. A can opening device as set forth in claim 5 wherein the bracket hasa recess receiving the end of the coupling between the foot pedal and.the rocker where it is connected to the rocker when the pedal is in itsretracted position for preventing the rocker from moving endwise on thepin.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 234,527 Brock Nov. 16, 1880 266,398 Stoddard Oct. 24, 1882418,877 Salisbury Jan. 7, 1890 508,332 Morgan Nov. 7, 1893 627,752Herron June 27, 1899 969,720 Pickett Sept. 6, 1910 1,080,636 JohnsonDec. 9, 1913 1,317,001 Clymer Sept. 23, 1919. 1,376,798 Courtney May 3,1921 1,505,833 Wells Aug. 19, 1924 1,780,713 McEwan Nov. 4, 19302,012,955 Cabot Sept. 3, 1935 2,178,461 Apprill Oct. 31, 1939 2,212,047Ross Aug. 20, 1940 2,548,807
Morgan et al. Apr. 10, 1951
| 2024-03-22 | 1949-08-17 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1954-05-11"
} |
US-238800D-A | Grain and seed sieve
(No Model.)
O R MORRIS Grain andSeed Sieve.
Patented March 15 LJQ.
SWU/NU vxwx ...00.0.00 ...0000...
.0.00.0...A- .01.000000 HHIHHIII..
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@@@QQCQQ @@@2@f@@@ N.FE`RS. PHOTGLITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D. C.
OSCAR R. MORRIS, OF SALEM, INDIANA.
GRAIN AND SEED SIEVE.V
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 238,800, dated March15,. 1881.
Application filed J auuary 11, 1881.
To all 'whom tt may concern:
Beit known that I, OSCAR R. Moams, a citizen of the United States,residing at Salem, in the county of Vashington and State of Indiana,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Sieves to be Usedfoi-,Cleaning Grain and Seed in ThrashingMachines; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, and the letters of reference marked thereon,in which drawings- Figure l is a plan view of my improved sieve. Fig. 2is a longitudinal section in the line :o .r of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is afront elevation and a cross-section, in the line y g/of Fig. '1, of myimproved sieve. i
Throughoutthe figures like' letters indicate the same parts.
The objectof my invention is the production of an improved sieve for usein connection with thrashing-machines, whereby grain and other seed maybe more perfectly separat-ed from chaff', small sticks, and trash duringthe simultaneous acts of thrashing and cleaning the same than hasheretofore been .accomplished by the use of sieves for such purpose asordinarily constructed. This object I attain by the mechanism shown inthe accompanying drawings, in which- A indicates the longitudinal sidepieces of thesieve; A, a sloping crosspiece at the head of the sieve,and A2 a cross-piece at the foot ot' the same, said side, head, and footpieces be ing framed together in any proper manner and constituting theframe or shoe of the sieve.
B, B', and B2 are transverse steps applied between the longitudinal sidepieces, A A, and supported by cleats c beneath, which are attached tothe inside surface of the side pieces, as shown. These transverse stepsdivide the sieve into three sections-to wit, an upper section, H, amiddle section, H', and a lower end section, H2, which, in capacity, isabout onehalf less than that of H and H.
In section H d is a sheet-metal sieve-plate having perforations 19throughout the same, as represented in Figs. 1 and 2; and d2 and d3 arealso like perforated plates within their respective sections H' and H2.The perforated plate d' has its rear end secured to the under (Nomodel.)
surface of the step B, while its front end is secured upon the uppersurface ofthe step B', as shown; and in like manner the sieve-plate cl2has its rear end secured to the under surface of the step B', while itsfront end is secured upon the upper surface of the step B2. Thesieve-plate d3 is secured upon a frame. D, composed ofside pieces,f, andend pieces,f, which frame, when in place as shown in the figures, issupported upon the cleats c of the lower section, H2. The forwardportion of the sieveplate d3 is extended as indicated at g', so as tooverlap the upper surface of the cross-piece A2 of the frame of thesieve, thereby forming a continuous face to the metal plate d3, betweenthe step B2 and the outer lower extremity of the sieve.
In practice the section H2 is located over the waste-pipe of thethrashing-machine in which my improved sieve may be uised,'and Itherefore apply the sieve-plate da to a frame, D, as shown, which isremovable from said secti n when it is desirable to substitute either arakein its place ora like frame with a sieveplate having perforations ofeither greater or less diameter, as may be needed during the operationof the sieve.
In operation the thrashed grain or seed, intermingled with chaff, smallsticks, and trash, is fed into the sieve along over the inclined surfacer of the cross-piece A at the head of the sieve. It thence falls downthe step B and upon the sieve-plate d', and during its fall is subjectedto a blast of air from the fan of the thrashingmachine through a seriesof airholes, e, in the step B, (clearly shown in Figs.'
2 and 3.) These holes are made central of the depth or rise of the step,and are spaced apart longitudinally thereof', so that the blast of airshall operate upon the whole volume of grain and trash passing down fromthe inclined surface r of the cross-piece A, while at the same time aportion of the blast passes up through the perforations p of the sieveplate d', thus raising the trash from contact with the plate, therebyco-operating with the effect of the blast through the step B. Similarair-holes, but 0f less diameter than the air-holes e of the step B, areprovided in the succeeding steps B and B2, the air-holes e being of thegreatest capacity, the air-lioles e of less capacity thane, and theair-holes e2 of less capacity than e.
ssy
roo
v are in like manner subjected to a blast of air through the air-holes cof the step B, and through theperforationspin theplate d2, and as apartial separation ofthe grain and trash has already been eii'ected inthe section H, a lesser volume ofairis now applied through thesmallerholes e of the step B, and thus the blast diminishes in volume and poweras the grain becomes separated from its trash and advances successivelyfrom sieve-plate d to d2, and from d? to d3. If the blast of air were ofthe same power or volume over plate d2 as over plate d there would be aliability of forcing some ofthe grain oif of the plate cl2 onto plate d3in section H which should have fallen through the perforationls p inplate d2; but by making the airholes e ot' less volume than e the blastof air is graduated to the partially cleansed and lighter condition ofthe grain upon the plate d2 of section H 5 and for the same reason theair-holes e2 in step B2 are of still less capacity. In other words, whentbe grain intertniugled with chaff, small sticks, and trash falls intothe section H a heavier blast of air is required, and may be usedwithout liability of carrying along the more perfect and heavier grainthan is required or could be used whenrthe lighter portion of the grainpartially divestcd of trash passes down the step B onto the plate d2,and so on.
By constructing the steps B B B2 with imperforated portions above,below, and between the perforations e e e2 the blast of air from the fanwill be broken in rear of the steps B B2, (indicated by the arrows inFig. 2,) and that portion ofthe blast which does not go through theperforations e e2 will, by reaction, pass up through the perforations pof such sieve-plate as may be in rear of a given step, and therebyfacilitate the separation of the grain.
I have shown the sieve-plate d3 ot' section H2 mounted on a removableframe, D, for the purpose heretofore stated; and I contemplate, in someinstances, to have the sieve-plates d d2 similarly mounted uponremovable frames, so that they may be readily substituted by otherframes having sieve-plates with either greater or lesser perl'orationsp,to suit the kind of grain or seed which I may desire to separate fromits chaff and trash.
I claim- 1. A step-sieve having its steps ,provided with perforatious ofgradually-diminished diameters or capacity, substantially as and for thepurpose described.
2. A step-sieve provided with perforations f of gradually-dirninisheddiameters or capacity through its steps, and having such perforationssituated above and below its sieve-plates, whereby a graduated volume ofair may be successively forced over the sieve-plates and up through thesieve-plates, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. The combination of horizontal or nearly horizontal sieve-plates,vertical steps provided with perforations of gradually-diininisheddiameters or capacity, and an inclined sieveframe, substantially as andfor the purpose described.
Signed in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.
OSCAR B. MORRIS. Witnesses:
BEVERLY T. PAGE, FREDERICK N. BERKEY.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1881-03-15"
} |
US-68070033-A | Canned oil dispensing apparatus
April `16,\ 1935. w. s. TowNsEND CANNED OIL DIYSPENSING APPARATUS FiledJuly 1'7, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Q M 4 El-- 5 ...IISIMUI/ .HHMMMMMHHHHWWII. 4. 5 3 f 8 1 /z 3- .m -F 8 |-m.\ T2 llllll l l I l ||Ir|.r`||M|I/|lll lfrllmnllimhwhllllllllllrwlll 37 INVENTOR d @my April 16', 1935.\ w.s. TowNsEND 1,998,263
CANNED OIL DISPENSING APARATUS Filed July 1.7, 195s v3' sheets-sheet 2WITNESSES @Qa/wwf l April 16, 1935. w. s. 'rowNsEND l CANNED OILDISPENSING APPARATU Filed July 17, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORWlTNESSE is simple and sturdy of construction, easy to operiv Patentedpr. I6, 1935 y PATENT f OFFICE CANNE!) OIL DISPENSING APPARATUS WilliamS. Townsend, Rochester, Pa., assignmof one-half to American Can Company,New York, N. Y., a corporation of New'lersey Application July 1'7, 1933,Serial No. 680,700
13 Claims. (Cl. 221--23) This invention relates to apparatus fordispensing automobile lubricating oils or like commodities packaged insealed containers.
A practice .which is becoming more and more lprevalent in themerchandising of lubricating oils for automobiles, and particularly bythe producers of quality oils, is that of supplying the oils to retaildistributors in small sealed and distinctly labeled containers such asquart cans. The purpose of this practice is to prevent the foisting uponthe buying public of substitute oils of inferior quality which in thepast has been carried on very extensively by unscrupulous dealers bothto the detriment of the purchasers and the producers of the oils.' Toevade this improved method of distribution on the part of the producers,these nefarious dealers obtain used cans, reiill them with low gradesubstitute oils, and by-various tricks palm ofi' these inferior oils tomotorists for the originals. In this way they more effectively continuetheir cheating tactics.
An object of this invention is to provide a device vfor use indispensing oils packed in producer or refinery sealed containers whichis easy and convenient to operate, and which in Opening the canscompletely destroys them so that they can not be relled or reused.
Another object is to provide a device of this character which inaddition to crushing or destroying the cans effectively and eiicientlydis poses of or stores them and at the same time recovers any oil suchas drippings which may not be removed from the cans when they areemptied. f
yfilled cans and displaying them in such a fashion as to effectivelyattract the attention of a motorist n driving into or past anoil-dispensing station in which one of the devices is being used. i
It is also an object to provide for compressing the cans when they aredestroyed in such a Way -that they Vwill take up a minimum amount ofspace and be easy to handle.
A still further Objectis to provide an apparatus embodying theaforementioned featuresl which ate and attractive in appeara/'caand alsovfully protected from the weather.
These and various other objects, as Well as the various other novelfeatures and advantages oi the invention, will be apparent when the.fol-
. lowing detailed descriptionis read in conjunctionv of a singleembodiment of the invention; Fig. 3
a horizontal sectionI taken on the line III-III yof Fig. 4; Fig. 4 avertical section taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3, showing thecan-opening and lcrushing mechanism with the latter in its 5 elevatedposition; Fig. 5 a vertical section taken on the line V-V of Fig. 3 ofthe can-opening and crushing mechanism, showing the latter in itsdepressed position; Fig. 6 a fragmentary vertical `section showing thetilting mechanism for dis- 10 posing of the cans after they are crushed;Fig.
7 a horizontal section taken on the line VII-VII of Fig. 1, showing thestorage compartment 4for the supply of filled cans with the cans exposedfor display; Fig. 8 aview similar to Fig.`7, show- 15 ing the storagecompartment closed; Fig. 9 a fragmentary View showing the lockingmechanism for the doors in the storage compartment;
Fig. l0 a vertical section taken on the line X-X of Fig. 9; and Fig. 11a perspective view of the 20 container for receiving thev drippings andthe crushed cans. A.
v Referring in detail to ther drawings, the embodiment of the inventionherein disclosed comf prises a housing structure which in size and shapeis analogous to the ordinary gasoline-dispensin'g pumps commonly`employed in gasoline stations, andl is adapted to be installed in 'sucha station in convenient proximity to such pumps Where it will be bothhandy and conspicuous. The main supporting frame of the device, althoughit may be otherwise constructed, comprises four uprightly disposed anglesections l which are located at the corners and securedat their lowerends tona base molding 2 andai; 35
their upper ends to a crown molding 3.
Secured to the corner sections l by suitable supports 4 in the frontpart of the structure at a convenient height above the base 3 a platform5 is provided which is employed as a sup- 40 port for anordinary-measuring and pouring Acontainer 6 into Ywhich the oil`contained in the cans being'openedt-by the apparatus is emptied fordelivery to a purchaser. lAt a suitable height above suchmeasure-supporting platform 5 a v45 second platform 1 is provided whichissecured to the four corner angle sections l and used as a base supportfor the cans, such as the can Il, when theyvare being opened anddestroyed.
In the center of this latter support in the iori ward portion thereofthere is provided a downwardlydepending funnel-shaped projection 8 in fwhich the bottoms of the cans are adapted to fit and through which ,theoil from the ,cans is allowed to flow into the measuring receptacle 65 6supported on the'lower platform 5 as the cans are opened.
For opening the cans a series of spaced vertically disposed outwardlycurved lmives Q is mounted about the upper inner face of thefunnel-shaped can-receiving projection 8 to engage and pierce thebottoms o'f the cans as they are forced onto such knives, the kniveshaving sufficient width to form relatively large openings in the cans sothat the cans can be emptied with considerable rapidity. For positivelyforcing the cans onto these knives and crushing them as they are emptiedso that they can not be reused, a movable crosshead I3 is provided. Thisis supported at a convenient heightv above the knives on a pair of guiderods I2, and is provided on its under side with a series of lugs whichforms a centering guide I4 for the upper ends of the cans when they areengaged by the crosshead.
On the lower ends of the guide rods I2 there is provided a pair of gearracks I5 arranged to engage a pair of pinions I1 mounted on a shaft I8which is suitably journaled in supports I9 attached tothe under side ofthe measuring receptacle-supporting platform 5. For turning thesepinions to operate the crosshead I3 a spoked wheel 2I is keyed to oneend of the shaft I8. Consequently, when such wheel is turned in onedirection the can-crushing head I3 is moved downwardly, and when it isreversed the head is retrieved. The wheel, of course, is provided withsuicient strength and size to easily and effectively force the cans ontothe knives and crush them. l
For strippingthe cans II from the knives 9 after they have been emptiedand crushed, a stripper 23 is provided which is mounted directly overthe-funnel-shaped opening inthe cansupporting platform 1 and pivotallyattached by a hinge 24 to the center portion of the platform 1, behindthe. funnel-shaped opening in which the bottoms of the cans are adaptedto rest. As shown best in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, this stripper has a flangedopening 20 in its center which is adapted tok fit in the top of thefunnelshaped projection 8 and engage the bottoms of the cans so thatwhen it is lifted it raises the cans with it. lTo lift this stripperautomatically it is provided at its sides with projections 23a whichextend to the edges of the guide rods I2 on which the crosshead I3 ismounted. These guide rods in turn are equipped with a pair of pivotallymounted latches or dogs 26 which are adapted on the down stroke of theguide rods to slide over and past the ends of the projections 23a of thestripper 23, but on the upstroke to engage such projections and therebylift the stripper with them, sliding as the guide rods I2 are elevatedalong the under edge of the 'projections 23a until the crosshead nearsthe upper end of its stroke when they pass from under the stripper andallow it to fall to its normal position of rest on the platform 1. .Asthe stripper is so lifted the cans are stripped from the knives 9 and bya spring 28 mounted on the under side of the stripper they are raisedfrom -the depending flanges 2|)- and allowed to slide from the stripperthrough an opening v25 in the back of theplatform 1 into a receptacle 22provided fortheirreception in the base of the structure.
As illustrated` vvbest -in' lFig.` 11,--'the receptacle 22, which isprovided in the base of the struc; ture,` cqmprisesa'removablecontainerwhich is adapted to-flt conveniently between the uprights I andis so constructed that its front portion fits under the lower platform5, while its rear portion is extended upwardly thereabove to just fitunder the upper platform 1. The former portion is provided with adownwardly tapered cover 3| which is provided in its center with anopening 32. The purpose of this section of the container is to collectany oil which drips from the 'cans after the measuring device B isremoved from its support, and to allow such oil to drop into thereceptacle. The support 5 is provided with a perforated section 33directly below the funnelshaped projection 8 through which the oil mayreadily pass into the opening 32. The upper back portion 34 of thereceptacle which is ar- 4 ranged to fit under the upper platform 1 isleft open at the top so that the cans II on being dumped by thestripping plate 23 through the opening 25-in the upper platform 1 willbe deposited directly into the receptacle 22.
To facilitate the collection of any oil remaining in the cans after theyare deposited in the receptacle, as well as aid in collecting thedrippings which enter the opening 32, a perforated false bottom 35 isprovided in the receptacle 22 above its true bottom 4I)v to form areservoir compartment 36. To ldrain these oils from this compartment`the bottom 40 is tapered downwardly and a spigot 31 provided at itslowest point, legs 29 being secured to the corners of the receptacle topermit the spigot to be so mounted and allow a-collecting pan to be slidunder the spigot. On the rear wall of the receptacle 22 a pair of spacedhandholds 38 is secured for lifting it and handling it, and to concealit in the structure side walls 39-are extended around the front andsides of the uprights I opposite it and a door 4I is mounted on theback.
In the top of the structure above the crushing head I3 a. storagecompartment is provided for storing a quantity of cans 42 so that theywill be readily available to the operator. As illustrated-in thedrawings, in this yparticular structure this compartment is defined byfour doors 43 which are secured by hinges 44 on a common end thereof tothe four angle ,irons I comprising the frame of the structure, suchhinges being so constructed that the doors may be turned through anangle of 270 from a closed position on one side of the structure toaclosed position on another side. On the inner face of each door thereis'provided a plurality of vertically spaced shelves 45 on which thecans of oil to be sold may be placed.
When the various doors 43 are closed in oneI position, as shown in Fig.8, the shelves 45 and the cans supported thereby are all enclosed withinthe storage compartment, and when closed in their other position, asshown in Figs. 1, 2 and '1, the shelves 45' and the can supportedthereby are all exposed on the outside of the structure. With such aconstruction, as it will be appreciated, the doors 43 may be-rotated oneafter the other from one closed position to another to eithereffectively display the oil when the device is open for business-or lockit up when it is closed.
. Forlocking the 'storage compartment, three .of the angle irons Iareprovided on one face opposite the doors 43 with flanged lockingplates 46 which are slidably secured thereto .by rivets 441. extendedthroughfvertical slots 48 provided in the plates 46. Adjacent theselslots are other f by the operator.
a a y 1,998,263 v jected and engaged.v To slide the plate 46 to un-,lment against invasion when it is not being used.
On the top of the frame there may be provided a translucent dome 55similar to domesl customarily provided on gasoline pumps and in it anelectric light 56 may be installed for advertising purposes. A similarlight 51 is also mounted in the 'under side of the crown mold 3 in amanner to project its light downwardly between the shelves 45 or betweenthe doors43 when they are locked in their display positions so that thecrushing head and can-receiving platform of the device will becompletely illuminated to render the operation of the emptying andcrushing mechanism visible to the purchaser.
To insure this visibility and at the same time protect the crushing andemptying mechanism against the weather, transparent Walls 58 of glassmay be secured around the back and side walls of the structure, and ifdesired a similar detachable wall may be provided for closing in thefront of the structure when it is not in use.
In operating the apparatus, a can of oil to be opened is placed onltheknife-supporting platform 1 with its bottom resting over thefunnelshaped opening 8 on the annular flange 20 of the stripping plate23. The crushing head is then l forced down against the upper end oi thecan by operating the spoked wheel 2| to force the can onto the knives 9and crush it. When the can is completely crushed or to aboutone-thirdits normal height and its contents emptied into the measuringdevice 6, the spoked-wheel 2| is reversed and the crushing head elevatedto its upper position. In the upward travel of the guide rods I2 thelatches 26 mounted upon such guide rods, which in their lower positionengage thel stripping plate 23, lift the latter plate and dischargethecrushed can through the .opening'25 in the As will be appreciated bythose skilled in the art, this structure provides not only a convenientand effective means for opening and destroying cans of the typecontemplated by the invention, but also provides a very effective andconvenient storage for the cans to be sold, as well as a very effectivedisplay means for such cans. Furthermore, it provides for convenientlystoring the cans after they are crushed and for collecting any oil whichmay drip from such cans so that it is not wasted or permitted to dirtyup the dispensing station.
According to the provisions of the patent statutes, I have explained theprinciple and mode of operation of my invention, and have illustratedand described what I now consider to represent its best embodiment.Howeven, I vdesire 'to have it understood that, within the scope of theappended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise thanas-speciiically illustrated and described.
I claim:
1. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers comprising in combination means for opening such containers,means for collecting the contents of the containers after they areopened and means for forcing said containers againstvsaid opening means,said forcing means also bodily crushing said containers to prevent theirre-use as containers.
2. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers comprising a supporting structure, a storage compartment forsaid f containers in said structure, means adjacent said compartment foropening and'destroying said containers, and means for collecting thecontents of the containers as they are opened, all of said means beingin compact alignment for ready ac- -cessibility to an operator.
3. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers comprising in combination means for storing a quantity rofsuch containers, means operative upon the opposite ends thereof foropening and destroying the containers 'and means for collecting thecontents of the containers after they are emptied, all of said meansbeing in compact alignment for ready accessibility to an operator.
4. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers; comprising a supporting structure, means on said structuredisposed to operate upon the opposite ends of a container when placedtherein for opening and crushing it to destroy it, and means alsolocated in said structure for collecting the contents of the containersas they are opened.
5. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like in sealed containers,comprising a supporting struc-4 ture, means secured to said supportingstructure for storing 'such container, a knife mounted in said structureadjacent said compartment for opening the containers, means cooperatingwith said knife for forcing the containers against'the knife and alsocrushing the containers, and meansl disposed below said opening andcrushing means for collecting the contents of the containers.
6. An' apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers comprising in combination a supporting structure, a knifemounted on said structure for opening such containers,
Imeans for collecting the contents of the containers after they areopened, means cooperating with said knife for opening and crushing thecontainers after they are emptied, means'for discharging .saidcontainers from said crushing means and means for receiving thecontainers as they are discharged from the crushing means,
all of said means being cooperatively arranged in substantially verticalalignment to make them compactly accessible to an operator.
7. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers comprising in combination, a supporting structure, meanssecured to said supporting structure for storing a. quantity of suchcontainers-cutting means mounted in said supportingstructure for openingsaid containers, means for forcing a containeronto' said cutting meansand also crushing it, means for pierced and means for moving saidstripper relative to said knife support. Y
9. In an apparatus for dispensing oil or the like-packaged in sealedcontainers, a supporting structure, means in said structure for piercinga hole in a container, means for forcing a container' against saidpiercing means, means for stripping the container from the piercingmeans after the container is emptied, means for receiving the emptycontainers and means for collecting the drippings from the emptycontainers after they are deposited in said receiving means, all of saidmeans being cooperatively arranged in substantially vertical alignmentto make them compactly accessible to an operator.
10. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers comprising a supporting structure, a platform in saidsupporting structurel for receiving a detachable oil collector, a secondplatform having an opening therein mounted above said rst platform forreceiving a container to be opened, means mounted in-the opening in saidsecond platform for piercing a container mounted thereon, a strippingelement mounted over said opening to engage the lower end of acontainer, a crushing head arranged for movement over said-piercingmeans, means for reciprocating said crushing head, means operable on theupstroke of said crushing head for raising said stripping element tolift a container off said piercing means and removing it -from undersaid crushing head, and a removable porting structure, a support mountedin said supporting structure for receiving a detachable oil receptacle,a second support having an opening therein mounted above said-iirstsupport for receiving a container to be opened, means mounted in theopening in said second support for piercing a container, a strippingelement mounted over the opening in said second support to engage thelower end of a container mounted on said latter support, a crushing headreciprocably mounted v over said piercing means and said second support,means for positivelyreciprocating said crushing head, means operable onthe upstroke of said crushing head for raising said strippingA elementto lift a container off said piercing means and discharging thecontainer therefrom, a removable receptacle mounted in the base of saidstructure to receive said containers as they are discharged from saidstripping element, and
means in said latter receptacle for collecting the drippings from saidcontainers after they are opened.
12. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers comprising va supporting structure, a platform mounted insaid supporting structure for receiving a detachable oil collector, asecond platform having an opening therein mounted above said firstplatform for receiving a container to be opened, avseries of knivesmounted in the opening in said second platform directly above vsaidfirst platform, a
stripping element mounted to engage the lower,
ment provided above saidcrushing head for storing a supply of saidsealed containers.
13. An apparatus for dispensing oil or the like packaged in sealedcontainers comprising a supporting structure, a platform in saidsupporting structure for receiving a detachable oil collector.l a secondplatform with an opening therein mounted above said first platform forreceiving a container to be opened, a knife mounted in the opening insaid second platform disposed aboveV said first platform, a strippingelement'mounted over said opening to engage the lower end of a containermounted thereon, a crushing head ar ranged for reciprocatory movementover said knife and container support, guide rods and a gear racksupportably connected to said crushin said frame to engage said gearracks and positively move said crushing head, means for rotatingfsaidshaft in opposite direction, and means operable on the upstroke of saidcrushing head for raising said stripping element to lift a container offsaid knife and discharge it therefrom.
WILLIAM s. TovvNsEND.
ing head, pinions mounted on a shaft supported f
| 2024-03-22 | 1933-07-17 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1935-04-16"
} |
US-1910566277-A | Barge.
A. G. LARR BARGE.
APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10 1111 0.
v1,005,236. Patented 0@1;.10,1911.
-A lgln-ml A Y I lit.
tintirnin era rne rarnn'r onnrcn.
AUSTIN (JUNE LARK-JOE LI I'IYIJIJE ROCK, ARKANSAS.
Barton.
Specification of Ifietterelatent.
Patented ea. 10, 1911..
Application filed June 10, 1910. Serial No. 566,277.
beats, the object being to provide a novel manner oi. connecting themeeting ends oi the iarges. whereby :1 coupling formed which will allowthe barges to move Vt31'l'1- call and horizontally in respect to each"i. still.
J1, lit irovido Another ohjecn at my invention is to pro vide each he ofthe train with a. rounded prow and a. curved concave stern, in which f).nrow ot the arl iacent boat adapted to 7 :ie as to form a joint whichwill allow the b at: to move in any direction in re-- ts in view, (hieinvention in the novel features of construchereinai"ter tally describedand point.- eal out in the cl n l in the drmviuge' "niing a. part ofthis spccitimtion l ignre l, is a top plan view ot' pair ot' bargesconstructed in accordance with in hivention. Fig. 2. is a longitudinal.section. F 3, in an end. elevation t ll a pron. and l. at is anelevation of the stern.
In, car "'ng out my ii'nprove einoloy two or more b prov of each barge bg rounded so as to Form a main. surface t), and the stern of each be.cut our on the are oi a. circle, having a concave ta o l) which adaptedto act w .h H we prow oi the Li gat. barge, so n Fnhslantiallv ball tionin respect to each othciz The stern of each. barge carries a, POE-fill,
having rearwardly extend mg coupling memher l connected thereto providedwith an aperturcd end, which is adapted to extend under a memberG,'a1ranged on the prow which is also provided with an aperture adaptedto register with the aperture of the coupling member F, and throughwhich is adapted to extend a pivot pin H, for connectingthe bargestogether. The prow of the barge is cut away, as shown at I, so
as to allow the coupling member F, to swing freely when the barges aretraveling over rough water, and ilywill be seen that by thisconstruction ot coupling, each barge moves independently.
For holding the barges in alinement with one another l provide the poetE, with a pulley J, over which passes a cable K, carried by posts L,extending backwardlyfrom the pr'ow to each side of the cutout portion.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that. I have provided avtrain of barges, the plow and sterns of which are so constructed thatwhen a series of these barges are connected together, a substantial.ball and socket joint will be formed between the respective barges whichare held out of contact with each other by the coupling member, so that;all danger of the barges poundine' against one another in rough water isprevented.
l'cla1m-- 1. r1 barge having a rounded prow provided with a horizontaland vertical convex face. and a stern with a horizontal and verticalconcave cut out portion adapted to receive the prow of the adjacentboat.
The combination. with a pair of barges having rounded prows providedwith horizontally and vei'ticnllv convex faces, and out out- Sterne withhorizontally and vertically concave faces adapted to be nested.together. and a. cou 'iling member for bolding said barges slightlyspaced apart.
A barge pro 'ded wit 1 a rounded prow having horizontally and verticallyconvex. ta-:3 lion, said l'iarge having a substantial semicircularstern, provided with av horizontally and verticall. v concaved taco, anda coupling member carried by said stern for connecting the prowoi theacent, boat thereto.
4-. 'Fhe combination with two or more barges} each having a reunded prowands) carried by the prow of the barges passing semi-qn'cular cut; outstern-adapted to be over said pulleys.
nested to ether so as to form substantiall I T ball and socket joints,'of parts carried b; AUSTIB CONE LARR' the stems of said barges providedwith cou- Witnesses:
pling members and pulleys, means for con- W. R. KEMP,
nectmg said coupling members said cables IRA H. LARK.
| 2024-03-22 | 1910-06-10 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1911-10-10"
} |
US-62565032-A | Conversion of solid fuels and product derived therefrom or o'ther materials into valuable liquids
Da. 4, 1934. c KRAucl-l Er'AL 1,983,234
CONVERSION 0F SOLID FUELS AND PRODUCT DERIVBD THEBEFROK OR OTHERMATERIALS INTO VALUABLE .LIQUIDSl Filed July 29, 1932 Patented Dec." 4,.1934
' 1,983,234 coNvEasioN or soun FUELS AND Paon- UCT DERIVED THEREFBOM BOTHER MATERIALS INTO VALUABLE LIQUIDS Carl Krauch,Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rliine, and
Mathias Pier, Heidelberg, Germany, assignors to Standard-I. G. Company,Linden,-N. J., .a
corporation of Delaware Application July 29, 1932, Serial No. 625,656
In Germany February 14, 1925 18 Claims. .(Cl. 196-53l y'I'he prescrit`invention relates to the destructive hydrogenation of carbonaceousmaterials,-
that sulphides-of metals including metals of the` sixth group of theperiodic system are suitable for use as catalysts immune to sulphurpoisoning. vApplication SerialNo. 181,885, which is a division of SerialNo. 86,646, is drawn to cover 20 heavy metal sulphides broadly andcobalt sulphide spt'aciilcally.v It is the utilization of.su1-
phldes o f metals of the sixth group specifically as catalysts `in the.destructive hydrogenation process vthat constitutes the subject-mattervof Y 26 this application.
The sulphides' contemplatedby the present in- ,vention are the sulphidesof chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium and these sulphides ,maybe added to the process, as such, or com- 30 pounds of these metalswhich are capable of being converted into the sulphides by the sulphurin the material undergoing treatment or added sulphur may be used. Wehave found that these sulphides are suitable.. for use in this processeither singly or in combination with each other or in combination withother materials; such as ycompounds `of nitrogen, metals of the sixthlgroup of the periodic system or compounds thereof, compounds of silver,copper, cadmium, lead,
'Y 40 bismuth and tin, lithium oxide or carbonate,
, magnesite, boric acid, alumina, rare earths, ox-
ldes and carbonates ofzinc, manganese and vanadium, oxides of the metalsof the fourth group of the periodic system, and dilcultly re- 415ducible oxides of the other metals. Ascompounds `which are capable ofbeing converted into sulphides mainlythe oxides come into question, butalso other compounds which are convertible into the sulphides, as forexample the '5o carbonara or the nitrates may be used for this purpose.
a' 'me said catalysts may be'added in any suitable manner. They maybev-added to the solid or liquid material, or in the case of liquidsthey.
may be placed into the reaction vessel andthe lliquids brought intocontactwith them in a vaporized or otherwise finely' divided state.Other bcdies, for example, lumps of brick, quartz, as-
bestos, coke, active carbon, silica gel, metals, es-
reaction vessel .or they may be'suspended inthe 'materials to be treatedin a finely dispersed state.
In the latter caseonly small amounts of catalyst, las for example 0.02per cent of molybdenum sulphide with reference to the 'dry coal to beconverted are sunicient though also larger amounts may be employed. Whenworking with rigidly arranged catalysts the material to be treated issimply passed thereover throughthe reaction vessel. i
As regards the materials to 'be treated, f the invention can be appliedto any sort of solid fuel, y for example, hard or soft coal, brown coal,lignite, peat, wood, or4 similar materials, mineral oils, g0 shale oils,or other solid or liquid bitumina, also distillation orextractionproducts of all of them, such 'as tars obtained therefrom,whether by ordinary destructive distillation or by low teni'- peraturecarbonization, or brown coal bitumen, 55
or tars or oils obtained by pressure hydrogenation of solid or liquidfuels, or components or conversion products of all the above mentionedmaterials such as cracked products, cumarone or any otherresins orresidues of their distillation,
pitch, asphaltum and so on, or mixtures of several such products .witheach other, also of solids with the above-named liquids or of one `ormore of such products with -other suitable organic liquids. j v 95Especially when employing coal or liquid fuels,
an addition of. lignite or peat is often of advantage, otten increasingthe hydrogenizing action,- avoiding` several drawbacks arid in the caseoi' solid substances rendering their introduction 10o easier. All thesaid materials maybe used in the -presence'of substantial amounts ofwater and, if
desired, water may be added assuch. Sometimes the process ofhydrogenation is hereby furthered. For example, lignite producer tarcontaining from ,105 40 to 50 per cent of watermay be used to advantagedirectly. The addition ofwater, which is preferably employed in anamount of about 10 per cent by weight of the .carbonaceous materials t0vbe introduced into the reaction vessel,has the 110 eifec't of reducingthe partial pressure of the oils wlhereby a more effective hydrogenationmay take p ace. q
The preferred form of carrying out the process is generally a continuousoperation with a stream of the gases and with an excess thereof over therequired quantity and preferably while maintain- -ing the desiredpressure by adding fresh gas and passing the gas either by circulationthroughone or more reaction esselsor through a succession of severalreact n vessels. The material to be converted is supplied at aIproperplace and the products are separated from the reaction gases by cooling.l
We further discovered that the process according to the presentinvention is in many cases, and in particular when converting solidfuels or heavy oils or-residues, greatly improved by carrying out theprocess in two parts 'or stages. In the first stage the coal, tars orheavy petroleum products are converted into liquids poor in fractions oflow boiling point by liquefaction or destructive hydro- I genation withor without catalysts, while in the l second stage the products of stageone are transformed into hydrocarbons of low boiling point, bydestructive hydrogenation, but preferably with the aid of catalysts.Increased pressure is preferably employed in one or both' stages.Insofar as catalytic masses are added in both stages, they may be of thesame kind or different inquantity,
concentration or kind. The two stages can be reflected in two separateor adjoining reaction vessels or in different parts of a single vessel.constructed in a suitable manner. Even more than '-two stages maybe'employed successively in certain cases.
The gases serving forthereaction'may consist of hydrogen alone'or ofmixtures containing hydrogen, for example a mixture of hydrogen withnitrogen, or water gas, or hydrogen mixed with carbon dioxide, hydrogensulphide, water vapour or methane or other hydrocarbons. Or the hydrogenmay be generated in the reaction chamber by the interaction of waterandcarbon monoxide and by similar reactions.. When employing nitrogencompounds as catalysts, and carbon monoxide and water, the gas must beemployed in a stream.
The process is best vcarried out under elevated or even stronglyelevated pressure and most suitably with a stream of the gas passedthrough or over the material to be treated or carrying it along throughthe reaction'ves'sel by which method the production obtained b y theprocess is very large. Depending on the conditions of working, forexample, temperature and pressure employed or duration of the treatment,the products are poor or rich in products of low boiling point.Generally the temperature ranges between 300 and '100 C., and thepressure, when used, should amount to at least atmospheres, and `should,prefer.- ably, be much higher up to about 2000 atmospheres.
The conversion according tothe present inven-. tion is preferablycarried out in vessels constructed of or lined with highly alloyedsteels, such as.
' chromium steel or chromium nickel steel.
In the following4 examples, the time of reaction varies considerably, asmight be supposed, depending on the nature of the raw material, theactivity of the catalyst, temperature, pressure and the like.Iri-practice it is desirable to make a. few preliminary runs in order todetermine the time required for the best-yields under agive'n' set ofconditions. Generally speaking, with batch operations the total time maybe from two to ten `hours or more, depending on the yield desired,
likewisevary considerably and should always, f
of course, be in excess of that actually required for the conversion,for example, the 'rate offlow of hydrogen may be in excess of about 600litres per kilogram of carbonaceous material.
A suitable arrangement of apparatus for carrying out the process isillustrated in the accompanying drawing. The process may be furtherdescribed with1 reference thereto.
Finely ground brown coal is pasted in the mixing vessel 2 with oil fromthe tank 1 and the mixture is thereafter forced by means of pump 3together with hydrogen which is supplied from conduit 20, through thepre-heater 5, into the reaction vessel 6. The regulation of the amountof hydrogen 'necessary for the conversion is effected by means of valve4. The liquid residues from thel reaction vessel 6 are removed throughdraw-ofi pipe 6a, their temperature reduced in cooler 6b and theirpressure reduced by expansion through valve 6c. The gaseous and vaporousproducts from the reaction vessel 6 are removed by way of pipe 6d andheat exchanger 6e.
los
By-passed entering hydrogen may be conducted 1'10 through heat exchanger6e, the rate of ilow and the amount of such -hydrogen being regulated byvalves 20a and 20h. By suitably regulating the flow of hydrogen throughthe heat exchanger 6e, the heavier products (lubricating oil, wash- 115ing oil, impregnating oil, etc.) from the reaction vessel 6 can becondensed and separated in separator 7, from which they can be removedthrough l expansion valve 8 and pipe 9, the uncondensed gases and vaporsbeing removed through pipe 10, or the gases and vapors from pipe 6d maybe passed through exchanger 6e and separator 'I without condensation.'The gases and vapors from pipe 10 are further heated in coil 11 and arethen conducted into a second vessel 12 which 125 contains molybdenumsulfide. The distilled reaction products give off their heat in the heatexchanger 13 tothe entering hydrogen, controlled by valves 20c and 20d,and are thereby condensed.
The obtained low boiling products'are released 130 from the stripper 14through valve 15 and are conducted into a supply tank 1'1 by means of aconduit 16, whereas the hydrogen is lconducted into the washer 18 and isIthere freed from the gaseous hydrocarbons with the assistance of oil.The oil is introduced into the upper part of the washer by means ofconduit 25. sprayed through a nozzle 26, and again drawn off on thebottom. The oil is released through valve 27 into a receiver 28, fromwhich'the dissolved hydrocarbons 140 escape through conduit 30. AThe oilis drawn off by means of pump 29;, compressed and returned int-o thewasher. Thel purified hydrogen leaves the washer through conduit 19 andis re-introthrough conduit 20. Fresh hydrogen, compressed by means 'ofcompressor 21, may be introduced through conduit 24, the amount of suchhydrogen being regulated by valve 23.
duced into the system by the rotating pump 22 145 In case a catalyst isused in the yfirst step, 'the 150 ing up t 150 C.
addition is preferably made in the mixing ves- In case the conversion isto be made in the presence of water vapor, water is vintroduced by meansof pumps 31 and 31a respectively, through conduit 32, into the reactionvessel 6, or through conduit 32a into the second reaction vessel 12.'Ihe regulation of the necessary amount of water is ef-V feated by meansof valves 34 and 34a respectively. The water evaporates in the coils 5and ll, is condensed behind the reaction oven in the heat exchanger 13and collected at the bottom of tank 1'?. From there it may be drawn of!through conduit 36, whereas the benzine is removed through an opening 37positioned at a higher level in thetank.
I The following examples will serve to further explain how our inventionis carried out in practice, but we do not restrict our invention tothese examples.
Example 1 Brown coall` is intimately mixed with l per centV lunder apressure of 150 atmospheres with a stream of hydrogen. The coal is soonand nearly completely transformed into valuable thin hydrocarbons. A
Example 2 Brown coal tar `obtained in a gas producer fed with browncoal, is vaporized at a temperature of 500 C. and under a pressure ofabout 150 Vatmospheres, in a currentof hydrogen, and the mixture iscontinuously passed over a contact mass consisting of a mixture ofmolybdenum sulphide with an addition of per cent its weight of aluminium hydroxide. The gas is pumped round in a circular way whilemaintaining the pressure by an addition of fresh hydrogen, andseparating the material by cooling. There is formed a mobile and nearlycolourless product free from phencls, without any formation of coke,asphalt or other residue. From thirty to fifty per cent of -the productdistil up to 150 C., andthe fractions up to 300 C. are colourless andfully saturated. At 350 C. only a small residue is left.
having a vaseline-like nature.v The raw product can be used as a motorfuel or for manufacturing lubricating oils. An addition of say 1 percent of ammonia to the hydrogen is also useful.
A mixture consisting of 'l5 per cent, by volume, of hydrogen and percent of nitrogen may also be used, preferably at a. pressure of 200atmos- Example 3 Raw cresylic acid obtained from coal tar is passedalong with a current of hydrogen over tungsten sulphide under a pressureof atmospheres and at a temperature of about 500 C. to 550 C. whereby itis rapidly and completely converted into hydrocarbons.
Example 4 Petroleum residues when treated as described in the foregoingexample yield in a continuous manner and without any formation of cokeor as phaltum, at' between 450 and 500 C., a product containing from 50to 80 per cent of benzine. boil- Example 5 Dark-coloured residues of anAmerican rock oil which at ordinary temperature are nearly solid thinliquid is produced besides alittle methane which on distillation yields50 per cent-of a fraction up to '150 C. and additional 35 per cent up to350 C., all of a saturated character.l The small residues are thick orvaseline-like and free of pitch. I
Hemels 6 Brown coal producer tar is continuously passed,
- together with a current of oxygen, under a pressure of 800 atmospheresand ata temperature of about 500 C. over a. catalyst consisting ofporous material coated with uranium sulphide. The,
product obtained consists of up to about 50 per" cent of gasoline. j
A catalyst containing a mixture of uranium and tungsten sulphides, mayalso be used.
2 parts oflignite producer tar are mixed with 1 part (by weight) .of rawlignite or peat and continuously forced into a high pressurevessel andtreated thereinv with hydrogen under a pressure of 200 atmospheres, andat about 450 C. or higher, but not exceeding 600` C. while providing foran intimate contact of gas and material by employing a rapid current ofgas, stirring or the like. The gas mixture leaving the -vessel is cooledby exchange of heat with the freshly entering gases. A thin hydrocarbonproduct with about 25 per cent of a gasoline fraction is obtained, thehigh boiling fractions of which may be subjected to a repeated treatmentor utilized in any other manner, for example, for the production oflubricating oils ur solvents or washing means or impregnating oils orinsulating oils. The hydrogen is pumpedaround while the residuecontaining ashes and mostly a little carbon is `slowly discharged asi apaste. The gas current may be so rapid that thegases of the' reactioncarry enough of the products to be subjected to a second or even 1 thirdor more treatments in subsequent vessels.- If in the second vessel acatalyst containing molybdenum sulphide is employed, over which thereaction gases pass at about 500 C., a product with 50 per cent ofapetrol fraction is readily obtained with a. complete reduction ofphenolic bodies and an extensiveremoval 0i?y sulphur.
An addition may bc made to the starting material of roasted Dyrites orother contact bodies.
Our invention is not'coniined to the above ex'- amples.' the conditionsmay be widely varied in 1. The process of. destructively hydrogenizingcarbonaceous substances, such as solid and liquid fuels, distillationand extraction products thereof, which comprises treating them withhydrogen in the presence of a sulphide of a metal of the sixthv group ofthe periodic system, and heat at a tem-'- perature between about 300 and700 C., sumwhich comprises treating them with hydrogen in the presenceof a sulphide of a metal of the sixth group of the. periodic system, andh eat at a temperaturebetween about 300 and 700 C. sucient to promotethe conversion and at a pressure of at least 20 atmospheres, theconditions of working, such as temperature, pressure and the eiliciencyof the catalyst, being so adapted to each other as to give rise' to theformation of substantial amounts of y/low boiling hydrocarbons ofafbenzine character. A
3. The process rof destructively hydrogenizing carbonaceous substances,such as solid and liquid fuels, distillation and extraction productsthereof, into valuable liquids, which comprises treating them with astream of hydrogen in the presence of a sulphide of a metal of the sixthgroup of the periodic system, and heat at a temperature between about300 and 700 C., sulcient to promote the conversion and at a pressure ofat least 20 atmospheres.
4. The process of destructively hydrogenizing carbonaceous substances,such as solidandliquid fuels, distillation and extraction productsthereof, which comprises treating them with hydro' gen in the presenceof a pre-formed sulphide of a metal of the sixth group of theperiodicsystem, and heat at a temperature between about 300 and 700 C.,sufficient to promote the reaction and at a pressure of at least 20atmospheres.
5. The process of destructively hydrogenizing carbonaceous substances,such as solid and liquid fuels, distillation and extraction productsthereof, which comprises treating them with hydrogen, in the presence ofa sulphide of a metal of the sixth group of the periodic system, and ofa substantial amount of Water, and heat at a temperature'between` about300 and 700 C., suicient to promote the reaction and at a pressure of atleast 20 atmospheres.
6. The process of converting carbonaceous substances, such as solid andliquid fuels, distillation and extraction products thereof, intovaluable liquids, which comprises treating them with hydrogen, in thepresence of a sulphide of a metal of the sixth group of the periodicsystem, and heat at a temperature of between about 300 and 700- C. andat a pressure of at least 50 atmospheres.
.7. The l process` of converting carbonaceous substances, such as solidandl liquid fuels, distillation and extraction products thereof, intovaluable liquids, which comprises treating them with hydrogen, in thepresence of a pre-formed sulphide 'of a metal of the sixth group of theperiodic system, and heat at a temperature of Abetween about 300 and 700C. and at a pressure of at least 20 atmospheres.
8. The process of converting carbonaceous substances, such as solid andliquid fuels; distillation and extraction products thereof,.intovaluable liquids, which comprises treating them with hydrogen, in. thepresenceof a. sulphide of a.
metal of the sixth group of the periodic systemand of a substantialamount `of water, and heat at a temperature of between y.300 and 700 C.,and at apressure of at least 50 atmospheres.
9. The process of producing liquids from solid fuel materials, whichcomprises destructively hydrogenating the initial material, in thepresence of a sulphide of a metal ofthe sixth group of Y the periodichsystem, at a pressure. of at least 20 atmospheres and at a. temperatureof between about 300 and 700 C.
10. The process of producing liquid hydrocarbonsl from; lignite, whichcomprises destructively hydrogenating the initial material in thepresence of a sulphide of a metal of the sixth group of the lperiodicsystem, at a pressure of at least 20 atmospheres and at a temperature ofbetween about 300 and :100 C. I
11. The process of converting carbonaceous substances, such as solid andliquid fuels, distillation and extraction products thereof into valuableliquids, which comprises treating them with a con' tinuous stream 'ofhydrogen and a substantial amount of water and heat at a temperature ofbetween about 300 and 700 C. and at ay pressure of at least 50atmospheres in the presence of a sulphide of a metal of the sixth groupof the periodic system.
12. The process of converting carbonaceous substances, such as solid andliquid fuels, distillation and extraction products thereof, intovaluable liquids, which comprises treating a mixture oi one of saidsubstances with another of said substances l of more recent geologicalage than the rst by destructive hydrogenation in the presence of asulphide of a metal of the sixth group or the periodic system, under apressure of at least 20 atmospheres and at a temperature of between labout 300 and 700 C.
13. The process of destructively hydrogenizing carbonaceous substances,such as solid and liquid fuels, distillation and extraction productsthereof, into valuable Fliquids, which comprises flrst 1 treating themwith hydrogen at a pressure of at least 20 atmospheres and with heat ata. temperature betweenabout 300 and 700 C., sufficientto promote theconversion until products poor in fractions of low boiling A,point areobl tained and then in a further stage converting the heavier fractionsof Such products alone into products rich in fractions of low boiling-point by a further treatment with hydrogen at a pressure of at least 20atmospheres and heat -at a 1 temperature between about 300 and 700 C..suiicient to promote the conversion, in the presence of a sulphide of a.metal of the sixth group of the periodic system.
14. The process of destructively hydrogenizing carbonaceous substances,such as solid and liquid fuels, distillation and extraction productsthereof, into'valuable liquids, which comprises treating them withhldrogen in the presence 'of a sulphide of a metal of the sixth group.of the periodic system,tat a temperature 'between about 300 and 700 C.,suilicently high for the conversion and at' a. pressure of at least 20atmospheres for a period such that, under the conditions as above given,the product is substantially free from asphalt. v
Y 15. The process of destructively hydrogenizing carbonaceoussubstances, such. as solid and liquid fuels, distillation and extractionproducts thereof, containing asphaltic hydrocarbons', intovaluable-liquids which comprises4 treating 'them with hydrogen inthevpresence of a. sulphide of '2.,metal of the sixth group of theperiodicsystem, at a. temperature between about 300 and 700 C.;sufficiently high for the conversion and at a pressure of at least 20atmospheres for a period such that, undenthe conditions as above given,the product is substantially freef'from asphalt.
16. The process of destructively hydrogenizing carbonaceous substances.such as solid and liquid fuels, distillation and extraction productsthereof, into valuable liquids which comprises treating them with addedhydrogen, and a. catalyst 4 containing a suliide of a metal of the sixthgroup of the periodic system', and heat at a temperature sutllcient topromote the conversion and elevated pressure of at least 50 atmospheres.
17. The process of converting carbonaceous substances, such as solid andliquid fuels, distillation and extraction products thereof, intovaluable liquids which comprises treating them with an excess 'ofhydrogen at a temperature bepresence of.
| 2024-03-22 | 1932-07-29 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1934-12-04"
} |
US-440367D-A | Cigar-holder
E. PROMIS. CIGAR HOLDER.
(No Model.)
No. 440,367. Patented Nov. 11, 1890.
INVENTOI? WITNESSES:
1&0! TTORNEY.
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UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.
EUGENE PROMIS', OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
CIGAR-HOLDER.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 410,367, dated November11, 1890.
Application filed July 2,1890. Serial No. 357,482. (No model) 7 To allwhom it may concern:
Be it known that I, EUGENE PROMIS, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cigar-Holders, ofwhich the following is a specification, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming part hereof.
My invention relates to the class of cigarholders employed incombination with a hat, and has for its object the provision of such acigar-holder with supporting devices adapted to receive and support theholder and permit its vertical adjustment in order that one such holdermay be adapted to hats of various sizes as to the height of crown.Heretofore such devices have been constructed of a strip of flexibleresilient metal of length in excess of the width of the crown of the hatto which it was applied, said strip being bent or shaped to formcigar-holding loops or bights., the extremities of said holder beingconnected to supporting devices therefor by a hinge or re versible jointin order to permit of the holder proper being sprung within the hattoward the crown to give the required clearance for the wearers head,and also, mainly, to permit of the holder being sprung without the hator away from the crown thereof for the placing or removal of cigars. Aswill be understood in such a construction, the holder can assume but itstwo prescribed arches-via, toward and away from the crown of the hat andadmits of no adjustment whatever to adapt it to hats of various sizes asto height of crown, so as not only to always clear the wearers head,butalso at all times be brought in contact with the crown of the hat toprevent the unpleasant vibration of the holder and the consequentloosening of the cigars to the annoyance of the wearer. To cure thesedefects is the end sought by my invention, which consists of thecombination, construction, and operation of parts hereinafter describedand claimed.
In the drawings, Figure l is a view in sectional elevation of: a hat towhich a holder embodying my invention is applied, the holder beingrepresented in full and dotted lines in adjusted positions. Fig. 2 is adetail View of one of the clamping or supporting devices,
one extremity of the holder being shown in dotted lines. Fig. 3 is apartial View of a modified form of holder constructed of a single pieceof flexible material and bent or shaped to the sinuous form shown toform cigar-holding loops or bights.
Referring to the drawings, A, Fig. 1, is a strip of metal or othersuitable material having flexibility or resilience,carrying independentcigar-holding bights a. These bights a, are preferably-of resilientmaterial, and so formed or shaped as to be wider at their bights than attheir mouths, and they should at their bight be of breadth aboutcorrespondent to the thickness of a cigar, and are riveted or otherwisesuitably mounted on or attached to the strip A, as shown at w in thefigure. The material of which the holder A is composed should be of suchlength as to permit it to be curved, or so bent or shaped as to itslongitudinal axis to adapt it to the interior of a hat-that is to say,the holder should be of length in excess of the width of the crown ofthe hat to which it is applied.
' B B are supporting devices for the holder A. These supporting devicesare preferably clamping devices of the character shown in the drawings,and are oppositely attached to the sweat-band C of the hat D, receivethe extremities of the holder, and permit its vertical adjustment; butother forms of suitable supporting devices may be employed. I preferablyconstruct the clamps B B with elongated necks 12, having turned edges bb to form a groove or channel b von its back. These channels are ofwidth to receive the extremities A A of the holder A. The supportingdevices B B are located within the hat, one on each side, as stated, andthe holder A is of sufliciently greater length than the width of thecrown of the hat to cause it when inserted within the hat to havesufficient arch or spread to impart to it the required clearance for thewearers head. The extremities A A of the holder A slide within thechannel I) of the supporting devices B, and, as will be obvious,permitthe ready vertical adjustment of the holder, the -tendency of the holderwhen made of resilient material at all times to spread at itsextremities causing it to frictionally bight its support sufficient toretain its given adjusted position.
By reason of its capable vertical adjustment one such holder can befitted to hats of various sizes as to height of crown, and in allinstances be brought in contact with the crown of the hat, which retainsit against vibration and the consequent loosening of the cigar, to theannoyance of the wearer.
Having now fully described my invention, I wish it to be understood thatI do not limit myself to the precise construction and arrangement ofdevices as shown in the drawings, but may vary the same in any manner tobetter carry out the principle of my invention without departing fromthe true scope thereof.
I claim- 1. A cigaoholder of the character herein described for usewithin a hat, consisting of I taching or supporting the holder within ahat and permitting its vertical adjustment to adapt it to hats ofvarying height of crown, as and for the purposes set forth.
2. A cigar-holder of the character herein described for use within ahat, consisting of a strip of flexible metal or other suitable material.of length in excess of the width of the crown of the hat to which it isapplied, a series of independent flexible cigar-holding bights mountedon the under side of said strip when the latter is in place within ahat, the extremities of said strip provided with means for attaching orsupporting the holder within a hat and permitting its vertical adjustment to adapt it to hats of varying height of crown, as and for thepurposes set forth.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 30th day ofJune, A. D. 1890.
EUGENE PROMIS.
In presence of W, ALEX. ROBINSON, JOHN J OLLEY, Jr.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1890-11-11"
} |
US-15682137-A | Wringer and drainboard apparatus
July 9,1940 .1. c. cLAPPER IET Al. 22075215 WRINGER AND DRAINBOARDAPPARATUS Filed July s1,r 19s? Patented July 9, 1940 A UNITED STATESWRINGER AND DRAINBOARD APPARATUS John C. Clapper and David A. Constance,Altoona, Pa.
Applicationv July 31, 1937, Serial No. 156,821
2 Claims.
` The present invention relates to washing machines and moreVparticularly to a novel wringer and drainboard relationship. Thewringer and drainboard arrangement to bedisclosed herein is adaptablefor use in conjunction with washing machines of the domestic type or inassociation with commercial laundry equipment.
An object of the invention is to provide a safe,
simple wringer and drainboard arrangement in order that an operator,standing in any position about the wringer, may quickly feed throughsaid wringer. a large quantity of washed material without fear of injuryto the operator.
Another object of the invention Vresides in the use of horizontallydisposed rollers which may turn in either direction, to facilitate theprogress therethrough of the material to be wrung out and vat the-timeprovide for ldisposal of the water passing from the material effected bythe wringing action of the rollers.
'Other objects and advantages will become apparent in View of thefollowing description taken in conjunction with the drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a domestic type of washing machine" disclosinga rear view of the combination guide member and drainboard;
Fig. 2 is also an elevation showing a side View of the same;
v Fig. 3 is a top plan view showing the disposal of the rollers, thedrainboard, and their relation- 'ship to the tub;
Y Fig. Llis a cross sectional View in detail of the rollers and thedrainboard, the drainbo-ard being shown in an alternate position inbroken lines; and, Fig. 5 is a view in perspective partially in crosssection showing one form of drainboard that might be used as an elementin our novel arrangement.
Referring to the drawing, a domestic type washing machine IU havingcasters or wheels Il providing for the portability of the device in theusual manner, is depicted as having a casing `I2 for housing drivingmechanism for operating a-vertically alined shaft, within a tubularhousing I3, which shaft engages a driving train within a protectingcasing I4 which is operatively ,connected to a roller I5. A cooperatingroller I6 is provided for association with the roller I5. Said rollersare mounted on bracket member I1 having suitable bearings therein forthe reception of shaft portions I8 lying in the same horizontal plane.Revoluble supports I9 supported on the bracket member Il are mounted forrotation about an axis passing through said bracket member and havingsecured thereto at As more clearly shown in Fig. 4 a spring means l5:
22l is-secured on said bracket members I'I in a suitable manner forengaging the pin member 23 on said revoluble supports I9 in order thatthe drain Aand guide board 2l may be supported in a position above theroller I6 when the said 10 rollers are so operated to pass clothes,about to be wrung out, upwardly through the passage between saidrollers.
The spring means 22 comprises a conventional leaf spring as illustratedin Fig. 4, bent as shown to securely engage and hold the pin member 23secured to the revolvable support I9 when same is moved to its upperposition as is also illustrated. The frictional engagement between thepin member 23 and leaf spring 22 is such as normally to hold the guidemember 2| in the position shown in dot and dash lines in this figure,but not great enough to prevent the rotation of the arm I9 by theoperator to release the pin 23, whereby the guide member 2| may take theposition shown in full lines.
A feed baille member 24 is'hingedly supported at 2da on the rear`portions of bracket member I'I in such a manner that when said bafemember is arranged in its highest position and said rollers areoperating to pass clothes upwardly therebetween, then clothes will befed from roller I6 and on to the drainboard and guide member 2 I.
The drainboard and clothes guide 2| comprising a flat sheet like bodyportion with its opposite side flanged upwardly to provide guideportions may have a series of perforations 25 therein arranged in ageometrical or other pattern o-r they may take the form of that indrainboard 2|', as depicted in Fig. 5, showing lateral slit-likeperforations 26, each of said perforations being provided with adepending lip portion 21. The drainboard and guide member may be coatedwith any suitable material.
A handle member 28 is provided on protecting housing I4 to permitarranging gears therein for operation of the rollers in such directionthat clothes may pass therethrough' downwardly or upwardly.
With the drainboard 2| in position beneath the wringer rollers I5 andI6, and with the handle 28 so set that the wringer rollers will operateto pass clothes therethrough downwardly, an operator may then, from anyposition about the wringer rollers, without special care being taken toprotect himself or herself from the action of said rollers, merely placeclothes upon the two rollers which will then engage the clothes to bewrung out, wring them out and pass them on the drainboard and clothesguide 2l. Water wrung out from said clothes will pass through theperforations 25 back into the tub of the washing machine, the clothespassing on and down the guide member into a clothes basket or otherreceptacle, not shown, which may be there provided for the reception ofwrung out clothes or other material.
When the wringer is to be arranged so that the rollers pass wet clothestherebetween in an upward direction, then the drain and guide board 2lis swung out and above the roller I6 in a manner to cause the pins 23 toengage the spring members 22 locking the drainboard and guide member 2lin its upper position. The hinged baiiie member 24- is then swung aboutto its upper position. The operator may then simply reach for clothesthat have been washed in the tub and place them in proximity to thelower portion of the line of contact between the two rollers, theclothes will then be wrung out and passed upwardly and by the operationof the baille member 24 the clothes will be urged over perforateddrainboard and guide member 2i from whence they may pass tothe clothesbasket or other receiving means provided for that purpose.
The drainboard 2l has been designed particularly for use with thearrangement just disclosed. Clothes passing through the rollers in themanner heretofore described and fed on to said drainboard 2 I passdownwardly also in the manner already described. Water wrung out fromsaid clothes, however, will adhere to the surface of the drainboard andguide member and by capillary attraction will seek the lower edges ofthe lips 2? and drip therefrom back to the tub beneath. The wrung outclothes will thereby be sufciently dry and effectively separated fromthe wrung out water.
Previously, operators of wringers having dual rollers haveA found whenusing wringers having vertically disposed rollers that they must assumea certain position relative to said rollers and that much caution mustbe exercised in order to prevent portions of the person from beingengaged between the wringing surfaces of the rollers during theiroperation, for the wet material must be fed horizontally and sometimesstarted by pressing the said material between the rollers with thengers. rThis fact is evidenced by the appearance on the market of manysafety devices for ceasing action of said rollers when a inger of theoperator or other foreign member is engaged between the operatingportions of the rollers. Though such safety devices may be incorporatedin a clothes washer and wringer, embodying our invention, it is believedthat the need for such safetyl devices is lessened by our novel andadvantageous arrangement.
In accordance with our invention, it is to be understood that thebracket member I'I and case ing I 4 may be pivotally connected withtubular housing I3 and hence may be swung about in a complete circle,'ifnecessary, whereby a single wringer and drainboard outt will suflice tocomplement a plurality of. tubs. When the bracket member is so mounted,a suitable key or lockl not shown, may be provided to lock bracketmember I'I to housing I3 in any operative position. A
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes maybe made in our device without departing from the spirit of the inventionand therefore we do not limit ourselves to what is shown in the drawingand described in the specication but only as indicated in the appendedclaims.
We claim:
1. A wringer and drainboard assembly comprising a frame, substantiallyhorizontally disposed substantially parallel rollers mounted in saidframe, the axes of which rollers lie in substantially the samehorizontal plane, an inclined perforated drainboard of appreciablelength suspended from said frame by swingable linkage means near theupper end thereof and adapted to be supported near its other end, saidlinkage being selectively operable to permit the upper end of saiddrainboard to be positioned below the plane of said rollers and the sameend to be positioned above said plane, holding means associated withsaid assembly for holding said drainboard in secure position with one ofits ends positioned above the axis of said rollers, whereby when said.drainboard is in its first position with respect to the rollers clothesto be Wrung out may be fed to the upper surface of said rollers andpassed therethrough on to the drainboard, the water from the wrung outclothes passing through the perforations in the drainboard and therelatively dry clothes moving on along the drainboard to a receptaclewhich may be placed below the lower end thereof, and when saiddrainboard is in said second position, clothes to be wrung out may beied to the lower surface of said rollers, passed upwardly through therollers and on to the drainboard. e
2. The structure recited in claim l, and a baille member hingedlymounted on said wringer assembly and operable to be swung to an upwardbaffling position when one end of said drainboard is in position abovethe axis of said rollers, whereby clothes to be wrung out fed upwardlythrough said rollers will be urged to move on to said drainboard, saidbaiile member being further operable to be swung to a lower out of theway position when the upper end of said drainboard is mounted below theaxis of the said rollers, whereby substantially the entire uppersurfaces of the rollers are free for the application thereto of clothesto be wrung out and passed on to said perforated drainboard.
JOHN C'. CLAPPER. DAVID A. CONSTANCE.
| 2024-03-22 | 1937-07-31 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1940-07-09"
} |
US-7133525-A | Brake-controlling valve mechanism
Jan. 29,
- W. L. COOP BRAKE comaonnme vALvamEcHwIsu Filed Nov. 35, 1925 AT ORNEY11 mr., a ate-cred den. 4.
STATES 1,700,283 rarnN OFFICE...
WILLIAM L. C091 0F DETPQOTT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO CONTINUOUS TRAIN CON-TEOL COEFORATEON, 013 DETROIT, MIOHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.
BRAKE-GONTROLLING VALVE MECHANISM.
Application filed November 25, 1925. Serial No. 71,335.
This invention relates to train control systems whereby electro-magneticwavesare propagated in the rails of each block into which the crack isdivided and include means whereby the wave lengths are determined by theoccupancy of the track ahead, which systems further comprise loopcollector coil circuits onthe locomotive for picking up suchelectro-i'nagnetic waves and utilizing them for the purpose ofpermitting or obstructing the How of current tl'irough electron tubes onthe locomotives and of relays controlled by such currents to govern theoperation of clectr pneumatic valves connected to the air brake systemsof the locomotives.
This invention consists of automatic brake controlling va ve mechanismconnected to the train li c pipe and normally controlled by anelectro-pneumatic valve and a forestalling key, and electrical circuit-sbetween g said key and the clectro-pncun'iatic valve whereby the lattermay receive electrical energy to prevent the operation of thebrakecontrolling valve mechanism; said automatic valve mechanism beingconstructed to release the train pipe air pressure to a predetermineddegree unless the torestalling key is actuated within a predeterminedtime, such air pressure release occurring notwithstanding the additionof air to the train line pipe during such release.
It further consists of the details of construction illustrated in theaccompanying drawing and particularly pointed out in the claims.
The air brake mechanism constituting the present inven ion is designedto be used in connect-ion with instrumentalities on the locomotive whichare controlled by electromagnetic waves flowing in the track rails overwhich the locomotive is passing, and attention called to the Thomas E.Clark Patent- No. 1,262,637, dated'April 16,1918, which showspropagating mechanism for (lG1'l l'()lIl{1gZlGblC waves attached to theexit ends of the blocks into which the track is divided. Eachinstallation is controlled by the next installation ahead and functionsto propagate current of one wave length, say 8000 meters, when theconditions of the block of track pertaining to such installation are forsafety or clear, and current of another wave length, say 6000 meters,when the conditions such block are for danger. Any
other desired means may be en'iployed to propagate such currents underclear and danger conditions.
The track installations adapted to the present train control devices areof such power and wave lengths that only a limited length of tr ck atthe exit end of each block is energized by these installationssufficiently to affect the instrumentalities on the locomotive. Theseinstrumentalities are not affected While passing over the remainders ofthe blocks.
The locomotive instrumentalities embody two collector coils 100 and 101,one for each wave length mounted on the locomotive where they can beinfluenced by the lines of force of such electro-magnetic waves. Theseconnect to two electron tubes 102 and 103 which have the usualcharacteristic that when negative potential accumulates in the rids, theflow of electrons from the filaments to the plates is interrupted andtherefore substantially stops the flow of current in the plate circuits.These plate circuits embody relays normally energized by the flow of thecurrent in the plate circuits.
I prefer to use a two-voltage generator 10% which may be driven in anydesired manner. The common wire to this generator for both voltages isthe heavy wire 105. When the coil 101 cuts lines of force of a currentin the rails of say 16,000 meters wave length, electro-magnetic currentflows from this coil over wire 106 to the grid of tube 103, the gridleak 107 connecting this wire with the return wire 109, the usualcondenser 108 being connected into this circuit, which may be tuned tothe desired wave length by the adjustable condenser 110. The heatingcircuit for the filament of this tube is from the generator 104 over thewire 112, resistance 113, which reduces the voltage from say 32 to 12volts, wires 114:, 115 and 116, filament of tube 102, wires 117, 109 and118, filament of tube 103, wire 110, adjustable resistance 120 to commonwire 105.
The reason for passing this current over the wires 115, 116, 109 and 118is to cut out the current to both filaments should either of the coils100 and 101 be broken through condenser 12 1 and wires 125, 114i and115. 'lhe grid condenser 126 and grid leak 12? serve to impose negativepotential on the grid of tube 102. \Vhen the grid ot tube 103 hassuliicicnt negative potential to obstruct the {low of the plate circuit,insulticient currenttlows to the relay 128 over the common wire 105,adjustable resistance 120, wire 11%), filament to'plate in tube 103, andwire 132 to this relay, from which current would normally flow over wire130, armature 128 and wire 129 to the high voltage side at thegenerator.
But as this circuit is interrupted because of lack of suii'icicntcurrent to energize this relay, its armature a completes the followingcircuits for the red lamp it: from the common wire 105, wire 131,arn'iature 128, wire 133, relay 134: and wires 185 and 11st to thegenerator. This now energised relay 134i attracts its armatures and thecircuit from common wire 105, armature 13st", wire 186, lamp it andwires 138 and 1.12 is established, a resistance 130 being provided toprotect the low voltage lamps.
'lhorefore when the coil 101 Jicks u c 11- l P 1 rent, the red lamp Rburns in the cab.
Should the coil 100 pick up current, then the tube 102 would passinsutlicient plate currentand the relay 140 would be de-energized, and acircuit consisting of the common wire 105, wire 1 12, armature 1 10,wire 14:3, green lamp G, and wires 138 and 112 would be completed. T 1egreen lamp G therefore burns during only the interval that thelocomotive is passing over the section of track in which the clearcurrent is found. The red light, however, when it starts burning, keepson burning until the coil 100 picks up clcar current from an energizedsection at the exit end of a next block, and this results from thecircuit of its relay 131- being closed through the armature 1 10, wirearmature r wire relay 134:, wires .1-1; and 112. But when the relay1401mcomes ie-energized by reason ot the coil 100 picking up current,this circuit to relay 18% is opened andv the red lamp ceases to burn. Nocurrent will pass to this red lamp until the coil 101 again picks upcurrent.
1111. clcctro-pucumatic valve is employed to control the operation orthe air brakes and consists of a body 57 having a series of sup unu osmlchambers. A magnet 160 is mounted in the upper chamber and has lead Wlls 1(31 and 162, and this magnet, when energized. draws down the armature163 and the stem 16 1, which carries the valve 165 which norn'iallycloses the passage between the chan'ibcr 16b to which the pipe 167connects, andv the chamber 168 which has a relief passage 169. Thesecond valve 170, on this stem, normally opens the passage between thechamber 166 and the chamber 171 to which the pipe 172 connects.
The pipe connects to the main ai: reservoir and the airpressure withinthe chamber 171 together with the small spring 113 a e suiiicient tohold the valve 170 onto its unless the magnet is energized to hold d wnthis valve and the stem. lhe pipe it? connects to the brake controlmechanism which is held inv normal position, as will be described lateron, by the pressure of air from the main reservoir, through pipe 172 and167. But when the magnet is de-energized, the valve 170 closes thepassage be tween these pipes and the control air escapes through therelief passage 169.
So long as relay 128 is energized, current flows to the magnet of thisvalve 9 over common wire 105, wire 131, armature 128 wire 1 l5,lorestalling key 146, and wire 162, and from the valve 9 over wires 161and 112 to the generator. But when the coil 101 picks up current and therelay 128 is de-energized, this circuit opened and the connectionb-ctween pipes 167 and 172 is closed, which will result in the settingof the air brakes unless torestalled by the depression of the key 146,which ten'iporarily closes a circuit from the relay 128 over wires 130and 147, depressed key 146, wire 148, a pressure controlled switchEEG-37 to be explained later on, and wires 1&9 and 129. This switch36-8? is normally closed and the depression of the key 1&6 willtherefore cause the relay 128 to be re-energized, in which position itscircuit will be maintained as heretofore described until the coil 101again picks up danger current.
In the ordinary air brake system installed on many ot the locomotives inuse in this country, two manually operated brake control valves 1 and 1and an air operated. distributing valve 3 are employed. The valve 1connects to the pipe 2 w iich in turn connects to the train pipe 15 and'ts function is to release the air in this pipe 2, which re sults in theapplication of the train brakes, to admit air to this pipe from the mainpressure tank which results in the release of the train brakes and tocontrol the action of the distributing valve 3 whose function is toapply and release the locomotive brakes simultaneously andproportionatcly to the action of the train brakes.
The independent valve at i'uncti admit air from the main pressure tanklocomotive air pipe (not shown), which results in the application ot thelocmnotivc brakes, independently of the train brakes, and to release thepressure on this air pipe releases the locomotive brakes independentlyof the train brakes, which may be desirable when a heavy train is on adown grade and the engineer wishes to save his locomotive brakes whilestill using his train brakes.
The distinction between the valves 1 and 1 is primarily that when valve1 releases til) the pressure on the train pipe, the brakes are applied,but when valve 1 releases the pressure on its air pipe, the brakes arereleased. On the other hand, an increase of pressure on the train pipereleases the train brakes but pressure applies the locomotive brakes. Asthe two valves are interconnected, it is evident that leakage of trainvpipe pressure at the valve 3 to the valve 1 may cause application of thelocomotive brakes. In order to prevent this, a manin ally operated cockwas provided to p ;-.rmit escape of any such pressure in the locomotiveair pipe to the valve 1 and the open air, and this cock was closed whentwo locomotives operated together as doubleheader, in which case thebrakes of one locomotive had to be under the control of the engineer ofthe other. This leakage during double-heading would be watched andreleased by the second engineer.
hen the valve 1 was in brake-release or running position and the cockwas open, this leakage escaped through that valve, but when this valvewas in brake-applying or lap position, the escape was prevented so thatthe locomotive brakes would be appliei by the action of the distributorvalve 3. Theoretically, such leakage should not occur, but in actualpractice it is sufficient to require the cock above mentioned.
In the present system, I have substituted an air operated valve 7 forthe cock above mentioned for the reason that an application of thebrakes because of the operation of the automatic train control systemshown in the drawing may occur when the valve 1 is in running position,in which event no application of the locomotive brakes would resultunless the bypass provided for this leakage is closed. The open stopcock would therefore prevent the application otthe locomotive brakes.The air operated valve 7 therefore is open during normal operation ofthe locomotive but closed dur ing the operation of the automatic traincontrol system. The construction and operation of the distributor valve8 and its relation to the above described mechanism is fully set forthin U. S. Patent No. 1,66%,836 granted Apr. 3, 1928, to C. B. Stone andneed not be repeater.
As above explained, when the coil 101 picks up danger current, themagnet 160 becomes de-cnergized and the pipe 107 is connected to therelief vent 169. The spring 13 will therefore press the valve 12 againstits seat 14. As soon, however, the magnet 160 is re-energized, air underpressure will flow from the pipe 172 past the valve 170 through pipe 167to the space above the piston 10 and open the passage between the pipe 6and the automatic valve 3.
The brake-control mechanism shown in cylinder 24 Below this chamber iscross section at the middle of: the drawing embodles a valve chamber 20with a slide valve 21 therein connected to a stem 22 which is shdable bya p1ston 23 111 the rah a second cylinder 25 containing a piston 26connected to a stem 27 carrying the valve 28 which normally engages aseat 29 forming part of the chamber 30. Below the chamber 30 is anothercylinder 32 in which the IDlSLOTl 33 is slidable, being normally held upby the spring 341 on the stem 35, and this stem carries an archedelectrical contact 36 normally engaging the contact blocks 37 and 37 Thewires 1 18 and 149 connect to the contacts 37 and 3? respectively. Thecap 38 protects this switch.
The drawing shows the piston and valve 21 just after the pressure in theouter end oi? the cylinder 2 1 has been reduced because of the magnet160 being deenergized, the valve 170 closing the passage be tween thepipes 167 and 172 and the small valve 165 opening the passage from thepipe 16'? to the vent 169. This movement of the valve 21 is caused byair flowing from train pipe 15 through passages 10 and 4:1 and ac ing ona second piston 42 on the stem 22.
lVhile the valve 21 was in its normal positron against the shoulder 31,air under train pipe pressure flowed from the chamber 20 through theport 13 in the valve 21, through the passage 41 1 to the upper end ofthe cylinder 25, through the passages 15 and 16 and pipe 47 to the low rchamber of the valve body 49. From this chamber, air flows through pipe50 to the tank 51.
At the same time the small valve 5?) was held ofi its seat in the smallchamber 5 1 at the end of the main valve chamber 20 by the valve 21, thestem of the valve 53 lwing loose in its support and permitting a slowflow of air from this chamber 20 to the control tank 55 through pipe 56and into the upper chamber 57 of the valve 19.
A smaller flexible diaphragm 59 and a larger flexible diaphragm 80 aremounted in the valve body 49 and support the valve 62 whichnormally'opens the vent to the pipe 63 which connects to a passage 64opening into the space 6? below the valve 21. I
When the valve has reached the position shown, the spring 68 forces thesmall valve 58 onto its scat, preventing leakage from the tank 55 whichretains normal train pipe pressure. The valve 21 by means of its port 67connects the passage 61 and pipe 63 to the whistle 68, and air flowsfrom above the piston 26 and from the tank 01 through the pipe 63 tothis whistle. The reduction of air pressure above the piston 26 isrendered slow by this tank 51. l Vhen the downward air pressure on thepiston 26 and stem 27 falls to less than the upward air pressurethereon,.the piston and valve till will. rise and air :l'rom the trainpipe will rush down into the chamber 32, depressing the piston 33 andescaping through the holes 70. At the same time the contacts 36 and 3?separate, opening the forestallingdrey eir cult.
So long, therefore, as the pressure above the piston 26 is at not lessthan a certain ratio to the train pipe pressure, the circi 1' betweenthe reinstalling; key and the vaixe 9 may be closed and the engineern'iay pro vent the application ot the brek 1; thereby, the circuit tothe electro pneLunatic valve 9 being established as above described.
But it the engineer delays depressing his forestalling key until the airpressure above the piston 26 is sulliciently reduced to permit the airpressure below it to raise it and the valve 28, the rush on? airdownward opens the switch between the wires 148 and 1.419 and bolts thisswitch oven until the air pressure on the train line is sullieientlyreduced to cause an application ot the air brakes, and al so until. thevalve 1 is brought to lap or brake application position. Should theengineer feed air into the train pipe in an endeavor to release thebrakes, such added air would assist in holding the valve 28 open, but ithe assists in red cingr this train pipe pressure, the valve 28 willclose earlier.
The upper diaphragm 59 of valve 49 is always under initial train pipeair pressure. Vt hen the pressure aiove the piston 26 and.
' below the diaphragm 60 has fallen so that the total pressure below thediaphragm 60 is less than the total pressure above h diaphragm 59, thevalve 62 closes and prevents further reduction, which results i1; thepiston 26 forcingt 28 to its seat,
no valve provided, of course, the valve 1 is la; position. The piston 33then lifted by 1. 4 springand the contacts and 3'? enpwege to close theforestallingdmy circuit, that the engineer can reset the relay 128 ashetero LlfiSCllbPd.
The details of construction of this bral': controlling valve moon "1 n,the proporti of its parts and the pip connections may be changed bythose skilled in the art with out departing ti-om the spirit of myinvention as set forth in the following claims.
I claim- 1. In an air braire system for railway trains embodying anelectrically controlled valve adapted to be energized upon thedepression of a torestalling key to prevent the application of thebrakes and circuits therefor, the combination of an automatic valve bodyconnected to the train line pipe and embodying a valve operable by thetrain pipe pressure to release the pressure within said pipe, said valvebeing normally held closed while the electrically controlled valve isenergized, and means operable by the air escaping from the train pipe toopen the circuit between said key and electrically operated valve.
In an air brake system for railway trains embodying an electricallycontrolled valve adapted to be energized upon the defr tien of anautomatic valve body embodying a cylinder and piston therein and a valveconnected to said piston, said cylinder connecting to the main pipe ofthe brake system, the pressure within. the cylinder on both sides of thepiston l' eing normally that within the train pipe, means to release thepres sure above the piston upon the de-energization of said electricallycontrolled valve to permit the piston and the valve attached thereto torelease the train pipe pressure. and a switch operating mechanismadapted to be actuated by the air escapin from the train pipe to openthe circuit to said lorestalling key. 7 a
3. in an air bra re iystem embodying an lectro-pneumatic valve adaptedto be enerzed upon the depression of a forestalling key and a circuitbetween the key and valve, an automatic valve connected to the trainpipe and. normally controlled by the electroneumatic valve to permit theescape of train pipe pressure when the clectro-pneumatic valve is 13-ene fixed, and means operable by the escapi' when the train pipepressure has fallen a predetermined amount to open the circuit betweenthe key and elec trogmcnmatic valve to prevent it from. obstructing theautomatic application of the brakes.
4t. ln an air brake system for railway trains embodying anelectro-pneumatic valve to cause or prevent the automatic application ofthe brakes according to electric currents picked up from the rails, areinstalling key and acircuit adapted to be closed thereby whereby thev2 ve may be energized to prevent such illJllllCllilOn, an automaticvalve embodying a pressure chamber, a tank connected thereto containingair under normal train pipe iressure, means controlled by saidclectre-pncuuiatic valve to relieve the pres sure in'said tank :r dchamber, a train pipe mete-ail to said automatic valve, means in saidautomatic valve to permit the discharge of the press in said train pipewhen the pro-sure in the tank has decreased a predetermined (le rce, andmeans operated by the iii escaping; on: the train pipe to open thecircuit between said key and electrorinatic valve to render theelectro-pneu- 1c valve inoperative to prevent applicaot the brakes. inan air brake system for railw y trains embodying; an electro-pneumaticval'e to cause or prevent the automatic application of the brakesaccording to electric currents in the rails, an automatic valve bodyembodying ssion oi a torestalling key, the combinaa cylineer, a pistontherein and passages in said valve body to carry train pipe pressure onthe inner side of said piston, a train pipe connected to the cylinder onthe outer side of said piston, a valve connected to said piston andadapted to open a passage for the release of pressure from the trainpipe, means controlled by the electro-pneumatic valve to release thepressure on the inner side or the piston or to prevent such release topermit or prevent the opening o1 such valve, and means operated by theair escaping from the train pipe to render said'electropneumatic valveinoperative until the brakes are applied.
6. in an air brake system for railway t ,ins embodying anelectro-pneumatic valveto cause or prevent the automatic application oithe brakes according to electric currents in the rails, an automaticvalve body embodying a cylinder, a piston therein and passages in saidvalve body to carry train pipe pressure on the inner side of saidpiston, a tr in pipe connected to the cylinder on the outer side of saidpiston, a valve connected to said piston and adapted to open a passagefor the release of pressure from the train pipe, means controlled by theelectro-pneumatic valve to release the pressure on the inner side;
oi the piston or to prevent such release to permit or prevent theopening of such valve, and means operated by the air escaping from thetrain pipe to render said electro-pneumatic valve inoperative until thebrakes are applied, said means embodying" an electric switch andenergizing circuits to said valve which are opened by said switch.
7. in an air brake system for railway trains embodying anelectro-pneumatic valve to cause or prevent the automatic application ofthe brakes according to electric currents in the rails, an automaticvalve body embodying a cylinder, a piston therein and passages in saidvalve body to carry train pipe pressure on the inner side oi said piston, a train pipe coi'mected to the cylinder on the outer side oi? saidpiston, a valve connccled to said piston and adapted to open a pzrisagre:i'or the release of pressure from the train pipe, a slide valve andpassages controlled thereby to release the pressure on the inner sideoithe piston or to prevent such release to permit or prevent the openingof such valve, and means operated by the air escaping from the trainpipe to render said electro-pneumatic valve inoperative until the brakesare applied.
8. in an air brake system for railway trains embodying an elecire-pneumatic valve to cause or prevent the automatic appli ation ef'thebrakes according to electric currents rails, an automatic valve bodyembodying a cylinder, a piston therein and passages in said valve bodyto carry train pipe pressure on the inner side of said piston, a trainpipe connected tot-he cylinder on the outer side of said piston, a valveconnected to said piston and adapted to open a passage tor the releaseof pressure from the train pipe, means controlled by theelectropneumatic valve to release the pressure on the inner side of thepiston or toprevent such release to permit or prevent the opening ofsuch valve, means operated by the air escaping; from the train pipe torender said electro-pneumatic valve inoperative until the bralres areapplied, and means connected to said cylinder on the inner side of saidpiston to supply air pressure thereto to force said valve onto its se twhen the train pipe pressure is reduced at predetermined degree.
9. [in air brake system for controlling railway trains embodying anelcctro-pneumatie valve adapted to be energized to prethe reduction oftrain pipe pressure which causes application of the brakes, an automaticvalve body to which the train pipe is connected, a pressure chamber andmovable means therein to normally prevent the escape oi the air in thetrain pipe, a valve to iermit the escape of the pressure in said chamberto cause the escape of train pipe pressure, a valve body and a pair ofdiaphragms therein or different sizes, and a valve connected thereto tocause stopping of such escape of train pipe pressure when such pressurehas dropped a predetermined degree by preventing further escape ofpressure from said pressure chamber.
10. In an air brake system for railway trains, an electricallycontrolled, valve adapted to be energized to prevent the application ofthe brakes, an electric-circuit for said valve, an automatic valve bodyconnected to the tr in pipe and embodying a valve operable by train pipepressure to release the pressure within said train pipe, said valvebeing normally held closed while the electrically controlled valve isenergized, and means operable by the air escapin from the train pipe toopen said circuit to the electrically controlled valve.
11. In an air b system for railway rains embodying a train pipe forcompressed air which acts as the medium to prevent application of thebrakes, an automatic valve body connected to the train pipe andembodying a valve operable by train pipe pressure to release the pressurwithin said train pipe, lectrically energized means to cause the valveto retamsaid pressure, and
an electrical circuit therefor, and means operated by the air escapingfrom the train pipe when said valve 1S opened to open said electrical.circult.
WILLIAM L. eoor.
| 2024-03-22 | 1925-11-25 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1929-01-29"
} |
US-239712D-A | Harrow
(Nb Model.)
J..P. BRADFORD.
Harrow,
No. 239,712. Patented April 5,1881.
JZQJ. 2V 21 a .e Z- I Jayz.
NJ'ETERS, PNOT0-L|1HOGRAPHER WASHINGTON n C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JOSEPH P. BRADFORD, OF MONROE, MICHIGAN.
HARROW.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 239,712, dated April 5,1881.
Application filed January 22, 1881. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOSEPH P. BRADFORD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Monroe, in the county of Monroe and State of Michigan, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Harrows; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to theaccompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.
This invention has for its object to furnish an improved sulky or 'wheelbarrow; and it consists in the construction and arrangement hereinafterdescribed, and pointed out in the claim.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is aa vertical longitudinal section. aredetail views, and Fig. 5 is an the rear of my barrow.
The axle a has afiixed to it and extended in front of it a frame, a, andit is supported by the wheels a m as shown.
I) b b are three bars,which have their forward ends pivoted to the frontcross-bar, c of the frame a, so that their rear ends will have a freevertical movement. These bars are arranged two at the ends and one atthe center of the frame, and are'made long enough to give the necessarydepth to the harrow. The rear ends of the bars I) are held together byrods b b, fixed loosely in eyebolts, as shown. Between the bars I) thereare fixed two or more rollers, c c, which are held loosely in theirbearings, so that the bars I; can rise or fall. The set of rollersarranged between any two given bars I) are provided with short verticalarms 0, which are connected at their upper ends by a horizontal rod, 0so connected that by it the simnltaneousturning of the entire set ofrollers can be effected. There is also connected to the front roller ofeach set a plan; Fig.2, Figs. 3 and 4 elevation of hand-lever, 0 bywhich the set of rollers may be turned. The lever is held by aratchetbar, 0
To the rollers 0 there are affixed the curved barrow-teeth at, soarranged that by turning the rollers 0 they may be set to cut anydesired depth into the ground. i
e is a shaft extended across above the barrow-sectio'ns, and held insuitable bearings fixed on the axle or frame of the sulky.
Projecting from the shaft e to the rear, and immediately over the bars6, are three short arms, 6, to the ends of which are fastenedconnecting-chains 0 which are fastened to the rear ends of the bars b,as shown. The shaft 6 is operated and controlled by a lever, 6 andratchet-bar e. The entire barrow is lifted by turning the shaft eforward, as indicated.
In running over the surface this barrow will have an undulatory motionby reason of the' loose manner in which its parts are connectedtogether.
The teeth can be set to cut deep into the earth or to just scrape thesurface, and they may be set to incline forward or rearward, as may bedesired.
Having thus described my invention,what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s 1 In a sulky-barrow, the bars b, hinged at theirforward ends to the frame a, and held together at their rear ends by therods 1), so that they have a free and independent vertical movement, andthe sets of rollers 0, provided with barrow-teeth and journaled looselyin the bars b, and connected together by rods 0 and controlled by asuitable lever, substantially as herein set forth.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
J. P. BRADFORD. Witnesses:
H. SHAW NOBLE, FRANK GRINoR.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1881-04-05"
} |
US-1903154211-A | Catch-basin receiving-head.
PATENTED NOV. 15, 1904.
A. W. KURZ. CATCH BASIN RECEIVING HEAD.
' APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1903.
s SHEETS-SHEET 1.
.no MODEL.
lm/fimmem PATENTED NOV. 15, 1904. A. W. KURZ. GA'TCH BASIN RECEIVINGHEAD.
APPLIOATION FILED APR. 25, 1903.
'3 SHBBTSSHEET 2.
N0 MODEL.
igz ly km W 5 PATENTBD NOV 15, 1904.
A. W. KUR-Z. CATCH BASIN RECEIVING HEAD.
APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1 903.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 -N0 MODEL.
Minn-- a UNITED STATES Patented November 15, 1904.
PATENT OFFICE.
AUGUST W. KURZ, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM B. WHITE, OFCLEVELAND, OHIO.
CATCH-BASIN RECEIVING-HEAD.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 774,846, dated November15, 1904.
Application filed April 25, 1903. Serial No. 154,211. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that 1, AUGUST W. KURZ, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Catch-BasinReceiving-Heads, which improvements are fully set forth in the followingspecification.
This invention relates to improvements in structures of that classemployed in connection with catch-basins or analogous structures, suchas manholes or other openings into subterranean vaults, and the sameserving to control the entrance thereto.
I The object of this invention is to provide a structure of thecharacter indicated which shall be simple and inexpensive as regardsconstruction, durable, efiicient, and reliable in practical service,which shall embody elements relatively adjustable to suit conditionsinvolved in the installation of the head for service, together withelements whereby are secured important results in connection with thedetachable lid made use of and the latters application to and removalfrom the main member of the construction, which shall be attractive inappearance, and which shall possess certain well-defined advantages overprior analogous structures.
The invention consists in the novel disposition and relative arrangementof the various cooperating parts thereof, whereby the attainment of theabove object is rendered practicable in certain combinations and incertain details of construction, all of which will be specificallyreferred to hereinafter and set forth in the appended claims.
The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings,wherein similar referenoe characters denote corresponding partsthroughout the several views.
As to said drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of a catch-basinreceiving-head embodying my said improvements. Fig. 2 is a sideelevation of said receiving-head. Fig. 3 is a central verticallongitudinal section along the line a a of Fig. 1. view of saidreceiving-head, and to more clearly disclose the operative relationexisting Fig. 4 is a perspective 1 between the manhole of theconstruction and the detachable lid employed for spanning said manholein practice said lid is shown as having been displaced from its normalposition and arranged obliquely across said manhole. Fig. 5 is a detailview showing automatic lock mechanism employed in connection with thedetachable lid of my improved receiving-head, said View being mainly insection on the line I) Z) of Fig. 6 and the scale being enlarged. Fig. 6is a detail elevation of said lock mechanism, the scaleconforming tothat of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a bottom plan view of a detachable lid forsaid receiving-head, said lid being modified somewhat as to details ofconstruction; Fig. Sis aside elevation of the inverted lid shown in Fig.7
In a general sense my invention comprises an extended main member, ahood adjustably conjoined with said main member, the latter presentingto said hood under all degrees of adjustment thereof relatively to saidmain member a point of supporting resistance substantially in the sameplane with the point of support on the hood.
It further comprises a main member forming a manhole for theconstruction and a detachable lid for spanning said manhole, said lidbeing provided with a guard, whereby its passage interiorly of saidmanhole beyond a prescribed plane is prohibited.
It still further comprises a main member forming a manhole for theconstruction, a de tachable lid for spanning said manhole, andautomatically-operating mechanism for looking said lid in positionthrough the adjustment thereof for service at said manhole.
In carrying out my invention, reference being bad tow the accompanyingdrawings, I employ a main member 2, forming the manhole for thestructure as a whole, said member having a base-flange 2 and beingextended rearwardly to receive a hood 2", said parts, respectively,being readily produced from metal by the process of casting.
7 The hood 2 has an intake 3 and is rearwardly extended, substantiallyas shown, to provide ample sweep for such waste or surface Water as mayin practice seek the interior of the basin in connection with which myimproved receiving-head may be used, such water primarily entering thehood 2 by way of its intake 3. This rearwardly-extending feature of thehood 2 is particularly advantageous where the chief intake for the wasteor surface water aforenamed is provided as an element of said hood.
The hood 2 terminates at its lower portion in a depending lip 3, offsetinwardly to nicely escape the vertical adjacent wall of the member 2when said hood is in position for service.. This offsetting of the lip 3results in the formation of a shoulder 3", preferably coextensivehorizontally with the rear portion and opposite sides of the hood 2, andthis applies also to the lip 3, the latter serving, essentially, toclose the space intervening between the upper edge of the adjacentportion of the member 2 and the shoulder 3 under certain adjustments ofsaid hood with respect to the member 2. For the purpose of effectingthis adjustment of the hood 2 I interpose between the shoulder 3 and theupper edge of the adjacent wall of the member 2 one or more separatingsegments, strips, or pieces 4, the same being here shown each in theform of a flat block constructed from metal, cement, or other suitablematerial. I have shown each of the separator-blocks 4 as beingdovetailed in place for service, its upper and lower edges beingoppositely beveled, and the shoulder 3 and upper adjacent edge of themember 2, respectively, being correspondingly shaped, and where this.feature is availed of a distinct fastener in the form of a bolt and nutor otherwise for retaining purposes in connection with said separator isnot required.
It will be seen that the separator-blocks 4 may be replaced by othersvarying therefrom in height and that the hood 2 may be accordinglyraised or lowered with respect to the member 2; but under each and alldegrees of such adjustment of the hood 2 the point of support on saidhood is always substantially in line with the line of supportingresistance of the main member no matter what the width or height of theseparating-blocks may be. Thus the hood 3 has a firm and, in conjunctionwith the bolts 5, a rigid bearing at all adjustments on the wall ofmember 2 itself. By this means all shearing tendency is avoided and thehood given a firm support at all elevations above the base member.
The hood 2 and member 2, with the separator or separators 4 interposedbetween them, may be rigidly secured together in any appropriate manner,though to this end I have shown said hood and said member as beingprovided the one with a lateral eye-clip 4' and the other with a likeeye-clip 4, said eye-clips 4 4 being arranged in vertical alinement andthrough which extends a headed bolt 5, threaded to receive a nut 5,these features-of the construction being accordingly arranged so thatdue I casting.
homeward turning of the nut 5' will result in the rigid securingtogether of the hood 2 and member 2, with the separator or separators 4between them, as hereinbefore mentioned. It will be understood that thefasteners just described or parts analogous thereto may be duplicated atany desired point or points along the outer or inner side of the hood 2and member 2, as clearly indicated in Fig. 3 of the drawings.
Interiorly of the member 2, forming the manhole of the generalstructure, and near the upper extremity of the exposed portion of saidmanhole there is arranged a seat 5, adapted to receive and support adetachable lid 6, the latter when in position spanning the manholeaforenamed. The lid 6 may be substantially'integral, as indicated inFig. 4 of the drawings, and in this connection the importance of therearwardly-extending feature of the hood 2 becomes clearly apparent, asin such case practically the entire volume of the waste or surface waterto be taken care of must enter the intake 3. Said lid may, however,approximate the character of a grate, as
indicated in Fig. 7 of the drawings, and under such conditions therearwardly-extending feature of the hood 2" is not strictly essential,although desirable, as in the event of an accumulation of wastematerials or substances at the grate-like lid aforenamed sufficient todivert the volume of waste or surface water to be cared for, or asubstantial portion thereof, into the hood 2" by way of its intake 3.
To the end that the lid 6 may not be passed accidentally orintentionally interiorly along the manhole. formed by the member2 beyondits seat 5", and accordingly into the basin in connection with which thestructure as a whole is used, I provide said lid with a guard,(designated as an entirety in the drawings by the character F.) Thisguard may be formed as a separate attachment, as from segments ofangle-iron bolted or otherwise secured together, Fig. 3, and thereafteras a completed attachment secured to the lid 6, as by means of bolts 6,or when preferred the various elements of said guard may be formedintegral with the lid 6, Figs. 7 and 8, as by the process of Morespecifically, said guard comprises a looped member 7, traversing theunder side of the lid 6 and projecting rearwardly therefrom, opposingside members 7 7" depending from said looped member, and a transversemember 8 connecting said side members, the several guard membersm.entioned being suitably braced, as indicated in the drawings. Theguard F serves to materially strengthen the lid 6 in addition to itsfunction of preventing undue passage of said lid inwardly along themanhole of the structure.
If the general contour of the manhole of the structure were such as toconform substantially to a true circle and the lid 6 were shapedaccordingly, it would not be a difficult problem to arrange the seat 5so as to prevent undue inward displacement of said lid, suchconstruction being common and well known; but for manufacturing,commercial, and other substantial reasons it is quite inadvisable toprovide a structure of the general character herein described with amanhole and lid therefor of the general contour, respectively, abovementioned. The reverse, however, is true where such structure isprovided with a manhole and lid therefor of a general contour,respectively, other than circular. For illustration, if said manhole beof an angular general contour, as indicated in the drawings, or of anelliptical general contour and the lid therefor be accordingly shapedinward displacement of said lid may in the absence of provisions to thecontrary, as the guard F, follow certain manipulations of the lid, andsuch manipulations may be accidental or intentional, as will be readilyunderstood. Accordingly I provide my improved receiving-head with amanhole of a general contour other than circular, and the lid 6therefor, conforming substantially in contour with the contour of saidmanhole, I provide it with said guard.
In applying the lid 6 for service its front portion is held somewhatupwardly from the member 2, while its rear portion is eased downwardlyto the seat 5", the looped member of the guard F accordingly projectinginto thehood 2", whereupon the front portion of the lid is easeddownwardly until said lid is brought to a fair seating engagement atproper edges thereof with the seat 5", the de-' pending portion of saidguard under such conditions pro ecting downwardly into the member 2 andthe rearward prolongation? of the. guard F coming against the stop 9"on'the.
hood, as shown in Fig. 3, for a purpose to be described hereinafter.Under any other adjustment of the lid 6 with respect to the manhole ofthe structure contacts are effected between variable points of the guardF and lid 6, jointly or separately, and like points of the member 2 andhood 2", jointlyor separately, thus preventing the passage of lid 6inwardly into the manhole beyond the seat 5. In this connection 8 is ashouldered latch movable upwardly and downwardly along a plane inclinedrearwardly and upwardly from the front of the member 2. The upwardmovement of said latch is effected under manual effort duly applied andthe downward moveedge. The latch 8 works in the socket 9, the
latter being open at its front to permit due projection of theshouldered portion of said latch therefrom to a point underneath theseat 5" for a locking effect under normal conditions of the parts, asshown in full lines in Figs. 5 and 6. Under the conditions of the partslast named displacement of the lid 6 upwardly or otherwise from its seat5" becomes impracticable until said latch shall have been properlyadjusted as to the position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 5 and asin opposition to its own gravity.
To accomplish the adjustment of the latch 8 last referred to, anysuitable key or implement, hooked or otherwise, duly shaped at one end,may be passed downwardly through the lid 6, Fig. i, by way of thekeyhole 9, formed therein, or downwardly through the grate-like lid 6,Fig. 7, by way of one of the openings formed in the latter, saidimplement being adapted to permit the application of a lifting force tosaid latch, as will be clearly understood. Under such upwardly-displacing action of the latch 8' (said latch being accompanied at all times bythe shaft 8) its depending portion rides upwardly along the upwardly andrearwardly inclined back of the socket 9, by which said latch is held inposition under normal conditions, so that its shouldered portion takesunder the seat 5" for a locking effect, as herein stated.
It will be seen that as the projecting loop 7 when the lid is inposition bears under and against the stop 9 on the rear inside face of.the hood that end of the lid is prevented from tilting up,,thus actingin conjunction with the lock to prevent any raising of the lid after itis in position on the manhole, as clearly shown in Fig. 3.
The operation of my improved receivinghead will be apparent from theforegoing de scription thereof, and it will be seen that theconstruction herein set forth may be modified to some extent withoutmaterially departing. from the spirit and principle of my invention.
While my invention is particularly adapted to catch-basin heads, yetitis suitable for use with other forms of manholes or for use with anyvault or conduit having an opening therein. Having fully described myinvention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. A catch-basin receiving-head comprising a main member; a hoodconjoined with said member, said hood having a shoulder and a lipdepending from said shoulder; one or more separator-blocks between theshoulder of said hood and the adjacent portion of said member; and meansfor holding said hood with the separator-blocks aforenamed in positionas stated, rigidly in conjunction with said main member, substantiallyas described.
2. A lid for catch-basin receiving-heads of a contour other thancircular, having a down- Wardly-projecting guard on its under side forpreventing sideWise or endwise passage of the lid through thereceiving-head, substantially as described.
3. A lid for catch-basin receiving-heads of a contour other thancircular, having a downwardly-projecting detachable guard on its underside, for preventing sidewise or endwise passage of the lid through thereceiving-head, substantially as described.
4. In a receiving-head for catch-basins having a manhole-opening of acontour other than circular, and lid-seats therein, a lid adapted tonormally rest on said seats, and a downwardly-projecting guard on itsunder side for preventing the insertion of the lid into the manholebeyond said seats, substantially as described.
5. In a receiving-head for catclrbasins having a manhole-opening, a lidfor partly spanning said manhole-opening, and a hood covering theremainder of said manhole-opening and having a side opening, the saidlid having a perforated lateral extension projecting, When the lid is inits normal position, into said hood by Way of its side opening, andpreventing passage of the lid through the manhole aforenarned,substantially as described.
6. In a receiving-head for catch-basins having a manhole-opening, a lidfor partly closing said manhole, a hood covering the remainder of saidmanhole and havinga side opening, and a lateral extension on said lidprojecting into said opening of the hood When the lid is in place, andpreventing passage of the lid through the manhole, substantially asdescribed.
7. In a receiving-head for catch-basins having a-manhole-opening, thecombination with a lid for closing the same, of a guard projectingdownwardly from the lid, and a guard projecting laterally from the lid,both guards together serving to prevent passage of said lid endwise orsidewise through said manhole, substantially as described.
8. In a receiving-head for catch-basins having a manhole-opening, andlongitudinal seats for a lid in the opening, a lid adapted to normallyrest on said seats and close said opening, a downwardly-projecting guardon the under side of said lid and a guard extending laterally from saidlid, both guards combined preventing passage of the lid beyond theseats, substantially as described.
9. In a receiving-head for catch-basins having a manhole-opening, a lidfor partly closing said manhole-opening, a hood having a side openingfor covering the remainder of said manhole-opening, a lateral guard onand projecting beyond said lid, extending into said opening of the hoodwhen the lid is in place, and a downwardly-projecting guard on the underside of said lid, the said guards preventing sidewise or endWise passageof the lid through the manhole, substantially as described.
10. In a receiving-head for catch-basins, having an opening therein, alid for partly covering said opening, and a hood above the uncoveredpart of said opening having an interior projection; one end of saidcover being provided With a guard for taking under said projection, andthe opposite end having a gravity-lock engaging With the side of thereceiving-head, substantially as described.
11. The combination in a catch-basin receiving-head having amanhole-opening of a contour other than circular, of a hood having aside opening, and a lid for the receiving-head, the said lid extendinginto said hood by Way of the latters side opening, substantially asherein specified.
12. The combination in a receiving-head for catch-basins, of a hoodhaving a side opening therein, and a lid for the receiving-headextending into the opening of said hood, substantially as described.
AUGUST W. KURZ.
Witnesses:
WV. I-I. RUBY, S. ZUOKERMAN, Jr.
| 2024-03-22 | 1903-04-25 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1904-11-15"
} |
US-3471692D-A | Gas analyzer system employing a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer with a gas switch therebetween
Oct. 7, 1969 P. M. LLEWELLYN ET AL 3,47
GAS ANALYZER SYSTEM EMPL NG A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH AN: A MASS SPBCTROMETERWIT A GAS SWITCH THEREBETWEEN Filed March 27, 1967 F|G.| l8 A TRAu F ERA DETECTORJR /l i RECORDER GAS EIII+CKI5 CHROMATOGRAPH 4 If f: I5 r---5? 1 4 mo oRR VENT DUMMY VENT 6 ""7"" CARRIER 1: w W I GAS SUPPLY 22 ,E2%? mmw m;
L- I9 24 IOSTORR 5 2e SEPARATOR j To MASS ig gf SPECTROMETERr.
CONSTITUENT H GAS FLOW H g INTENSITY 1.
TIME INVENTORS PETER M. LLEWELLYN n NEP. TTLEJOHN 3% TORNEY UnitedStates Patent 3,471,692 GAS ANALYZER SYSTEM EMPLOYING A GASCHROMATOGRAPH AND A MASS SPEC- TROMETER WITH A GAS SWITCH THERE- BETWEENPeter M. Llewellyn, Menlo Park, and Duane P. Littlejolm, Santa Clara,Calif., assignors to Varian Associates,
Palo Alto, Calif., a corporation of California Filed Mar. 27, 1967, Ser.No. 626,196 Int. Cl. B01d 59/44 US. Cl. 250-413 11 Claims ABSTRACT OFTHE DISCLOSURE A gas analysis system is disclosed which employs a gaschromatograph and a mass spectrometer for identifying the peaks of thegas chromatograph. A gas transfer switch is disposed between the gaschromatograph and the mass spectrometer for switching only portions ofthe time sequenced gas peaks of the gas chromatograph into the massspectrometer for identification by mass analysis. A'dummy carrier gasstream is provided which is normally switched into the input of the massspectrometer via a gas separator such that a normal carrier gasbackground is maintained in the mass spectrometer. The gas chromatographpeaks or portions of peaks which are switched into the mass spectrometerare carried in a carrier gas stream. The flow rate is controllable onthe dummy carrier gas steam to a fraction of the flow rate from the gaschromatograph for time spreading the gas chromatograph peaks as fed tothe mass spectrometer in order to obtain more accurate mass spectra. Ina preferred embodiment, the gas separator is of a dual membrane type forsubstantially removing the carrier gas from the sample constituentsbefore mass-analysis. Also the preferred embodiment includes a detectorand recorder in the vented gas chromatagraph gas stream downstream ofthegas switch for recording the gas peaks minus the sampled portionsthereof.
DESCRIPTION OE THE PRIOR ART Heretofore, gas analysis systems haveemployed a mass spectrometer for identifying the output peaks of "a gaschromatograph. Such systems employed a gas flow constriction and avacuum pump between the output of the gas chromatograph and the input ofthe mass spectrometer for reducing the gas pressure from atmosphericpressure at the outputof the gas chromatograph, to 1O Torr, at theinputto the mass spectrometer. A variable gas leak or vent into the input ofthe pump allowed control over the sample gas pressure applied to theinput of the mass spectrometer; In this way a crude control over gaspeaks passed to the spectrometer was obtained.
The problem with this prior art arrangement was that the crude controlover the sample pressure to the mass spectrometer was reflected aspressure changes on the output of the gas chromatograph column. Thesepressure changes produced fluctuations in the resolution of the gaspeaks obtained from the'gas chromatograph. In another prior art gasanalysis system, the output gas peaks of a gas chromatograph were fed toan infrared spectrometer at atmospheric'pressure and to a leak whichleaked gas to a mass spectrometer. A first gas switch was connected inthe output line between the gas chromatograph and the infraredspectrometer and mass spectrometer leak. Three additional gas switcheswere connected in the input system of gas lines to the gaschromatograph. In operation, the output peaks were sequentially andintermittently analyzed by closing the first gas switch and openingcertain ones and closing other ones of the three input gas switchesduring analysis of the first peak.
The gas switches stopped the flow through the gas chromatograph withoutadversely affecting resolution of the gas peaks. After analysis of thefirst peak, the gas switches were returned to their original position torestant gas flow through the gas chromatograph to produce subsequentoutput gas peaks which were analyzed by intermittently stopping andstarting the gas flow through the gas chromatograph in the manner aspreviously described for analysis of the first peak.
This arrangement of gas switches is relatively complex and to be avoidedif possible. This system for gas analysis is described in a paper titledInterrupted-elution Gas Chromatography Its Application, with EluateConcentration, to the Automatic Production of Simultaneous Infrared andMass Spectra," by R. P. Scott et al., paper 20, Sixth InternationalSymposium on Gas Chromatography and Associated Techniques, Institute ofPetroleum 1966, edited by A. B. Littlewood.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The principal object of the presentinvention is the provision of an improved gas analysis system employinga gas chromatograph and a spectrometer.
One feature of the present invention is the provision, in a system foranalysis of gases employing a gas chromatograph and a spectrometer, of agas transfer switch connected between the output of the gaschromatograph and the input of the spectrometer for switching onlyselected portions of the output of the gas chromatograph to thespectrometer without producing excessive pressure fluctuations in theoutput pressure of the gas chromatograph.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as the precedingfeature including a dummy carrier gas stream that is normally switchedby the transfer switch into the input of the spectrometer and whichprovides a carrier gas stream for the selected portions of the output ofthe gas chromatograph which are switched into the spectrometer.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as the immediatelypreceding feature wherein the dummy carrier gas stream is derived fromthe output of the second column of a dual column gas chromatograph.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as any one or moreof the preceding features including the provision of a gas separatorconnected between the gas transfer switch and the spectrometer forsubstantially eliminating the carrier gas and enriching the sampleportion of the gas stream reaching the spectrometer.
Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a gasdetector, such as a flame ionization detector, connected to the ventedoutput of the gas chromatograph downstream of the gas switch formonitoring the gas peaks of the gas chromatograph minus the selectedportions fed to the spectrometer.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as any one or moreof the preceding features including the provision of a constriction orvalve for controlling the flow rate of the dummy gas stream whichcarries the selected sample portion, such that by reducing the flow rateof the dummy stream to a fraction of the flow rate of the output of thegas chromatograph, the selected por- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a gas analysis system employingfeatures of the present invention,
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to FIG. 1, thereis shown a gas analysis system employing features of the presentinvention. The gas analysis system includes a gas chromatograph 1 intowhich is introduced a sample to be analyzed. In the gas chromatograph 1the sample is mixed with a carrier gas stream and passes through a gaschromatograph column. The column causes the various gaseous constituentsof the sample to be separated in time within the carrier gas streamwhich emerges as the output of the gas chromatograph. Such constituentsmay be separated by as little as seconds and as much as 5 minutes andthe typical output contains numerous gas peaks of differing sizes in thecarrier gas stream. These gas peaks are detected by a gas detector suchas a flame ionization detector inside the gas chromatograph 1 and thedetected output is recorded as a function of time to produce achromatogram, as shown by line 2 in FIG. 2. The output gas stream of thegas chromatograph 1 is at atmospheric pressure. Typical carrier gasesinclude the permanent gases such as He, H N2, AI.
As seen from FIG. 2, the gas peaks of the chromatogram are separated intime and this is helpful in identifying the sample constituents.However, an extremely precise identification of the various constituentgases is obtained by feeding selected sample portions of the various gaspeaks to a mass spectrometer.
Thus, a mass spectrometer 3 is connected to the output of the gaschromatograph 1 via a gas separator 4 and a gas transfer switch 5. Thegas separator 4 is preferably of the dual stage membrane type as morefully described and claimed in copending U.S. patent application Ser.No. 555,613 filed June 6, 1966, now U.S. Patent 3,421,292 issued J an.14, 1969 as a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application 511,576filed Dec. 6, 1965, now U.S. Patent 3,455,092, issued July 15, 1969 andboth assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
Briefly, the gas separator 4 serves to eliminate the carrier gas fromthe gaseous constituents of the sample and, thus, to enrich the samplegases as fed to the mass spectrometer 3. The separator 4 comprises aconduit 6 with two membranes 7 and 8 as of 1 mil thick silicone rubberfilm formed on a porous substrate support plate, sealed across theconduit 6 in spaced relation. The sample constituents, such ashydrocarbons, are dissolved in the silicone rubber and diifuse throughthe membrane to the other side under an applied pressure differential.The permanent carrier gases are not appreciably dissolved in themembrane and, thus, are largely excluded. Differential flow rates of1:1000 through each membrane 7 and 8 are obtainable for certainhydrocarbons and carrier gases.
The mass spectrometer 3 typically operates at a pressure on the order of10" torr. The spectrometer 3 is evacuated to this pressure by a highvacuum pump, not shown, such as, for example, a liter per secondcoldcathode getterion multiple Penning cell pump. The sample and carriergas flow from the switch 5 passes into the first stage of the gasseparator 4 at atmospheric pressure. The gas stream is directed acrossthe surface of the first stage membrane 7 and out a vent to theatmosphere. A vacuum pump, not shown, which is operable at a pressure ofon the order of 10- torr evacuates the region between the two membranes7 and 8. A pressure of 10- torr exists on the spectrometer side of thesecond membrane 8. An enrichment of sample material on the order of 10to 10 is obtainable through the gas separator 4. By varying the pressurein the region between the gas separating membranes 7 and 8, between 80%and 2% of the sample material is passed through to the mass spectrometer3.
This pressured controlled throughput feature is described and claimed incopending U.S. application Ser. No. 626,- 194 filed Mar. 27, 1967, nowU.S. Patent 3,398,505, issued Aug. 27, 1968 and assigned to the sameassignee as the present invention. A
The gas transfer switch 5 comprises a shuttle valve member 11 axiallymovable between two positions in a housing 12 having a pair of inputports 13 and 14 and three output ports 15, 16 and 17. In a firstpositionof the 3 is vented to the atmosphere via a second flame ionizationdetector and recorder 18.
Thus, when the gas transfer switch 5 is in the first position, theoutput of the gas chromatograph is being vented to the atmosphere andbeing recorded in two places. A first recording is obtained internallyof the gas chromatograph 1. A second recording is obtained downstream ofthe switch 5 such that it will record the affects of the switch 5.
Also, when the switch 5 is in the first position, the dummy carrier gasstream is being fed to the mass spectrometer 3. The dummy carrier gasstream provides a continuously flowing carrier gas stream through theseparator 4 to the atmosphere. A throttle valve 22 is provided betweenthe dummy carrier gas supply 19 and the switch 5 for regulating orcontrolling the dummy carrier gas flow I rate. The throttle valve 22 maybe set to flow the dummy carrier gas stream at a selected fraction ofthe flow rate of the output gas stream of the gas chromatograph forreasons which will be fully described below. Alternatively the throttlevalve 22 may be set to flow the dummy stream at a higher flow rate thanthat of the chromatogram.
In the second position of the gas transfer switch 5, as indicated bydotted lines, the output gas stream from the gas chromatograph 1 isdirected via shuttle 11 to output port 16 which leads to the gasseparator 4 and mass spectrometer 3. Also, in the second position of theswitch 5, the dummy gas stream is directed via shuttle 11 to output port17 which is vented to the atmosphere.
The gas transfer switch 5 is solenoid operated via switch 24 connectedbetween a current source 25 and a solenoid 26 which operates the shuttle11. Typical operating times between the first and second positions ofthe switch 5 are on the order of 10 milliseconds.
In operation, a sample is introduced into the gas chromatograph .1.'Theswitch 5 is in the first position and the operator observes thechromatogram or internal detector output of the gas chromatograph. Whena peak appears in the output, which the operator wishes to identify bymeans of the mass spectrometer 3, he closes switch 24 and causes the gastransfer switch 5 to switch a selected portion of the gas peak to themass spectrom eter 3, as indicated by the cross hatched portion of FIG.2. The mass spectrometer 3 may have a gas handling capacity of 10-torr-liter/ sec. and would be flooded by large peaks if they were fed intheir entirety to the mass spectrometer 3. Thus, the gas transfer switch5 is operated in the second position only long enough to obtain asufficient amount of the peak for mass identification. For a large peak,this sampling period may only be a second or two, whereas, for a smallpeak, as indicated by the cross hatched portions under the curve of line2 the sampling peak is such an example. The composite peak is formed bytwo peaks as indicated by the dotted lines. The composite peak ischanging composition in periods of 2 to 10 seconds. If the entire peakwere fed to the mass spectrometer, the mass spectrometer would identifytwo separate gases but would not correlate each the separateconstituents with any particular portion of the composite peak. However,these portions of the composite peak can be separately identified bysampling the composite peak at points indicated by the cross hatching.
It turns out that for certain cycloidal type mass spectrometers 3 thatthey have optimum accuracy and linearity if the mass spectrum is run inabout 20 seconds. However, the typical small output peaks from the gaschromatograph 1 have a time span of less than 20 seconds. The selectedportion of the gas chromatograph output peak can be spread out, forexample, from 2 seconds to the desired 20 seconds by adjusting the dummycarrier gas flow rate to only that of the gas chromatograph flow rate.This is easily accomplished by proper adjustment of the throttle valve22. Thus, the operator actuates the gas transfer switch 5 for twoseconds or so to inject a two second portion of the sample peak into thestream leading to the mass spectrometer 3. This injected sample is thenpushed and carried along to the mass spectrometer 3 in the slower movingdummy carrier gas stream. This provides sample to the mass spectrometerfor the desired 20 seconds of the dummy stream has A the flow rate ofthe stream from the gas chromatograph.
Alternatively, relatively long and low intensity gas peaks can becompressed in time and, thus, increased in intensity by adjusting thethrottle valve 22 for a higher fiow rate than that of the output streamof the gas chromatograph. This latter mode of operation facilitatesidentification of certain relatively long and low intensity gas peaks.
One feature of the gas switch 5 is that it switches the sample stream toeither the vent or to the spectrometer 3 at atmospheric pressures suchthat the switching action does not produce pressure fiuctuations in theoutput of the gas chromatograph 1. Such pressure fluctuation, ifpresent, would cause unwanted line broadening and loss of resolution ofthe gas chromatograph 1.
Although the gas analysis system of FIG. 1 has been described asemploying a gas chromatograph and a dummy carrier gas stream, the dummycarrier gas stream may be replaced by the carrier gas stream from asecond gas chromatograph or the second column of a dual column gaschromatograph. This embodiment, which employs the second column of adual column gas chromatograph as the dummy carrier gas supply, has asecond output tubing 13' which is connected into the dummy gaspassageway 14 between the dummy carrier gas supply 19 and the throttlevalve 22. When using the output gas stream of the second column of adual column gas chromatograph 1 as the dummy carrier gas stream, thedummy carrier gas supply 19 can be eliminated or valved off.
Also more than one gas chromatograph may be employed in conjunction withthe dummy carrier gas stream. Such systems employing the gas transferswitch for switching the outputs of plural gas chromatographs to onemass spectrometer has the advantage of permitting one relativelyexpensive mass spectrometer to be used for identifying the outputs ofplural gas chromatographs. Also, the mass spectrometer may be replacedby other types of spectrometers such as an infrared spectrometer.
Since many changes could be made in the above construction and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawingsshall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
1. In a gas analysis apparatus, means forming a gas chromatograph foranalyzing a sample and producing a plurality of sequential gas outputpeaks in a first stream of carrier gas, means forming a spectrometer foridentifying at least certain of the gas output peaks of saidchromatograph, the improvement comprising, means for producing a secondcarrier gas stream, means forming a gas transfer structure having a pairof separate input ports connected to receive said first and second gasstreams, respectively, said gas transfer structure having a pair ofoutput ports, means in said transfer structure for simultaneouslyopening a gas passageway interconnecting said first input port with saidfirst output port and for simultaneously opening a second gas passagewayinterconnecting said second input port with said second output port,means for switching said interconnecting means in said gas transferstructure for opening a third gas passageway interconnecting said firstinput port and said second output port for diverting said first gasstream to said second output port such that the flow of gas in saidfirst gas stream through said chromatograph is essentially uninterruptedby switching said interconnecting means in said gas transfer structure,and means forming a gas passageway connecting said spectrometer to saidsecond output port for sampling the gas fiow therefrom, whereby saidfirst gas stream and said second gas stream are sequentially switchableto said spectrometer without producing substantial pressure fluctuationin the first carrier gas stream flowing through said gas chromatograph.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said spectrometer means is a massspectrometer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said gas chromatograph is a dualcolumn gas chromatograph, and said second carrier gas stream is derivedfrom the second column of said dual column gas chromatograph.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 including means for throttling the flow rateof the second carrier gas stream to less than the flow rate of the firstcarrier gas stream such that a selected portion of the gas peak outputof said gas chromatograph which is switchable into the second carriergas stream by said gas transfer means has its flow rate decreased as fedto said spectrometer means to facilitate spectral analysis thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 including means for ad justing the flow rateof the second carrier gas stream to more than the flow rate of the firstcarrier gas stream such that a selected portion of the gas peak outputof said gas chromatograph which is switchable into the second gas streamby said gas transfer means has its flow rate increased as fed to saidspectrometer to facilitate spectral analysis thereof.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 including means forming a gas separatorconnected between said spectrometer means and said gas transfer meansfor substantially eliminating the carrier gas from and enriching thesample gas peak portion of the output gas stream of said gas transfermeans which is directed into said spectrometer means.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said gas separator means is amembrane separator.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 including means forming a gas detectorconnected to said first output port of said gas transfer structure formonitoring the non-diverted portions of the output gas stream of saidgas chromatograph.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 including, means for recording the output ofsaid gas detector means.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said gas transfer means has itsoutput ports, which are connected at various times through said gastransfer means to said gas chromatograph, operating at approximatelyatmospheric pressure.
11. In a method for gas analysis, passing a first gas stream containinga sample to be analyzed through a gas chromatograph to produce anefiluent first gas stream Containing sample constituents separated intime, producing a second gas stream of a carrier gas, passing theefiiuent first gas stream to a detector and recorder to detect thesample constituents and to record a gas chromatogram of the sample underanalysis, passing the second gas stream to a gas separator and thence toa mass spectrometer to maintain a certain background carrier gas signallevel in the output of the spectrometer, periodically diverting, withoutsubstantially interrupting the flow of the efliuent first gas streamfrom the detector and recorded'to the gas separator and massspectrometer for mass analying the detected constituents of the efiluentfirst gas stream, whereby the diverted portions of the efiiuent firststream are recorded in the gas chromatogram to be readily correlatedwith the detected peaks of the mass spectrometer.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,902,111 9/1959 Henke et a1.55--17 3,291,980 12/1966 Coates et a1.
RALPH G. NILSON, Primary Examiner S. C. SHEAR, Assistance Examiner
| 2024-03-22 | 1967-03-27 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1969-10-07"
} |
US-45325321-A | Pop-corn-candy mixer
' A. BISHOP.
POP CORN CANDY MIXER. APPLICATION HLED MAR-18. 1921-.
Patented Jan. 24, 1922.
3 SHEETS-SHEET l- /h Pen forfiJd/Ison 73/874, I I v I A.- BISHOP. POPCORN CANDY MIXER. APPLICATION FILED MAR-18.192!- 1,404,33 Patented Jan.24, 1922..
3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- F15 E1 /h pen i611 170 5130 3 3240;),
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ADDISON BISHOP, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.
POP-GORN-CANDY MIXER.
To all w/zom it may concern Be it known that I, ADDISON BISHOP, acitizen of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis andState of Missouri, have invented a new and useful Pop-Corn-Candy Mixer,of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to popcorn candy mixers.
An object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved machinefor mixing popcorn candy.
Another object of the invention is to provide a. machine of thecharacter mentioned with agitators and stirrers operating in a novel andefiicient manner to effect the mixing of the popcorn and candy.
Other objects will appear from the following description, withoutspecific mention, ref
erence being made to the drawing in which- Fig. 1 is a verticalsectional view of the machine embodying the principles of my presentinvention.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the machine.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view showing the manner in which some ofthe parts of the machine are held in proper position.
F ig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing the preferred formation ofone of the agitators or stirrers.
Fig. 5 is an end elevation showing the end of the machine opposite fromthat shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1.
My improved machine is supported upon a frame work of properconstruction comprising end frames 1. Upon the end frames 1 a heatconfining jacket is stationarily supported, the same comprising a,confining wall 2 enclosing part of the operating mechanism and confiningthe heat to maintain the popcorn and candy in a heated condition whilethey are being mixed. An opening 3 ex tends along the upper side of theheat confining wall 2 to permit the heated air to pass therefrom. Acylinder 4 is supported within the heat confining jacket and is providedwith a hopper 5 through which the popcorn and candy are delivered intothe machine. A window 6 is preferably provided at one side of the hopper5, so that the operator of the machine may conveniently observe theinterior thereof. The cylinder 4 is provided with an end wall 7 boltedor otherwise secured to the cylinder Specification of Letters Patent.Patenfgd Jan. 21; 1922 Application filed March 18, 1921.
Serial No. 453,253.
near one end thereof. The opposite end of the cylinder consists of anupper door 8 and a lower door 9, said doors being pivotally supported inconnection with the cylinder by appropriate hinges 10. The doors may beheld closed to form an end wall for the cylinder by any suitableretaining elements such, for instance, as the bolts 11 pivoted to one ofthe doors and movable between the bifurcated arms of brackets 12 inconnection with the other door. Clamping nuts 13 on the bolts 11 may beadj ustcd to catch the brackets 12 to effect binding engagement asrequired to hold the doors closed. lVhen it is desired to remove themixed popcorn and candy the doors may be opened.
The mixing or agitating devices are supported within the cylinder 4. Theshaft of a screw agitator 14 extends axially through the cylinder 4 andis journaled for rotation in bearings 15 on the frames 1. The agitator14 is rotated in a direction to draw the popcorn and candy toward theend of the cylinder at which the hopper 5 is located, which is away fromthe doors 8 and 9.
A pulley 16 for receiving a driving belt is on the end of the shaft ofthe screw 14 and constitutes means for rotating said shaft in thedirection and for the purposes mentioned. A gear wheel 17 is fast onsaid shaft and meshes with a small gear 18 rigidly united with anothersmall gear 19, the latter meshing with a gear 20 loosely supported onthe shaft of the screw 14. The hub of the gear 20 extends through theend wall 7 of the cylinder and supports a number of radial arms 21 whoseouter ends are united with stirrer or agitator members 22 extendingtoward the opposite end. of the cylinder at a slight distance from thecylinder wall and in aslightly spiral direction. The opposite ends ofthe stirrer or agitator members 22 are united with radial arms 23 inconnection with a rotary member 24 supported on the shaft of the screw14. The stirrer or agitator members 22 do not extend exactly parallelwith the axis of the cylinder or with the agitator 14, but they extendin a slightly spiral or oblique direction from one end of the cylinderto the other, so that theends of the agitators 22 which are adjacent thefeeding-in end of the cylinder are slightly in advance of the ends ofsaid agitators that are near the doors 8 and 9.
A number of annular supports or hoops 'by reference to Fig. 4, thisconstruction permitting the agitators to function properly withoutbreaking or crushing the popcorn in the machine.
The device for supplying heat to the machine consists of a burner 26,extending longitudinallywithin a depressed portion 27 of the heatconfining wall 2. it batlle 28 .is supported between the burner and thelower portion of the wall of the cylinder 4 to deflect the heat andprevent the cylinder from becoming overheated. The, heat is thus causedto pass upwardly at both sides of the cylinder and is discharged throughthe opening 6 along the top of the heat confining wall. Moreover, thespace bet-ween the heat confining wall and the cylinder is open at bothends to permit proper circulation of air.
In the operation the agitators 14 and 22 are turned in the samedirection, their tendency being to draw the popcorn toward thefeeding-in end of the cylinder so that proper mixing will be effected.lVhen the popcorn and candy have been properly mixed as a result of theoperation of the agitators or stirrers within the heated cylinder, the.doors 8 and 9-may be opened to discharge or permit the removal of thecontents of the cylinder.
A stationary the opening necessarily formed in the lower edge of thedoor 8 as a result of the presence of the bearing 15. 7
From the foregoing it will be seen that my invention satisfactorilyserves all of its intended purposes. Themachine is of a strong andeflicient construction and is easily assemhled and operated. A uniformmixing of the popcorn and candy is. effected without crushing thepopcorn so that the product is of superior quality. 7 V
I do not restrict myself to unessential features of limitation, norotherwise specifically, except as set forth in the appended claims.
l/Vhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1; A machine of the character described comprising a cylinder ofrelatively large diameter, having an inlet opening near. one end, ascrew agitator ;of relatively small diameter extendingaxially throughthe cylinder for moving the material toward the inlet end of thecylinder, a series of agitator strips supportedwithin the cylinder nearthe cylinder wall for moving the material plate 29 is provided to closewidely therefrom throughout their length, mechanism for operating thescrew agitator and the agitator strips simultaneously to move thematerial as aforesaid, an end wall portion at the end of the cylinderopposite from said opening, and a door forming the remainder'ofitheendwall of the cylinder and arrangedltohe opened to. permit re moval of thematerial from the cylinder.
A machine of the character described comprising a cylinder of;relatively large diameter having a feeding-in opening near one end andan upper end wall portion at the opposite end, a screw agitator ofrelatively small diameter supported axially within the cylinder formoving the central part of the material toward the feeding-in end of thecylinder, a series of agitator strips having thin forward edgessupported within the cylinder near the cylinder wall for moving theouter portions of the material toward the discharge end of the cylinder,a discharge door hinged atl the [discharge end of the cylinder andcooperating withsaich upper end wall portion to form an end wall,-andmeans for operating the agitators simultaneously to move the inner andouter portions of themateria-l simultaneously toward theopposite ends ofthecylinder as aforesaid. I
3. A machine of the character described comprising a cylinder ofrelatively large diameter, a screw agitator of relatively smalldiameterextending axially through the cylinder for moving the material towardone end of the cylinder, a series of thinagitatorstrips supported withinthe cylinder near the cylinder wall and being widely spaced from thescrew-agitator, a series of rings encircling the screw agitator andconnected with said strips, means'for operating said agitatorssimultaneously to move the inner and outer portions-'ofthe materialsimultaneously toward opposite ends of the cylinder, and a. heatconfining wall surrounding the cylinder and forming a space openv toatmosphere at'both ends of the cylinder.
4-. A machine of the. character described, comprising a cylinder ofrelatively large diameter, a'screw agitator of relatively small diametersupported axially within the cyh inder for moving the material towardone end of'the cylinder. a series of agitator strips supported. withinthe cylinder near the cylinder wall for moving, the outer portions ofthe material toward the oppositeend of the cylinder,'said agitatorstrips-Themg widely spaced} and wholly disconnected from the screwagitator throughout their length, and mechanism for operating the screwagltator and the agitator stripssimultaneouslyto move the material asaforesaid,
Anmson Brsnor.
| 2024-03-22 | 1921-03-18 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1922-01-24"
} |
US-546781D-A | Construction of z-bar columns
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.4
P. H. KINDL. GeNsTRUGTIoN nez-BAR COLUMNS. No.l 546,781. Patented Sept.Z4, 1895..
T i E i (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shea?J 2.
I'. H. KINDL. GONSTRUGTION 0F Z-BAR COLUMNS.
. 546,781. vPatented Sept. 24, 1895.
u e @w fu C m C WITNESSES ANDREW RGRAHAM. PHOY0-UTNO-WASH|NGTOWQC NrrsnSTATES -ATnNT Fries.
FREDERICK H. KINDL, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 546,781, datedSeptember 24, 1 895. Application filed July l5, 1895. Serial No.556,009. (No model.)
.To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, FREDERICK H. KINDL, of Pittsburg, in the county ofAllegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in the Construction of Z-Bar Columns, of which the followingis a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which-Figure lis a horizontal sectional view of one of the sections of acolumn constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig 2 is a sideelevation of a part of the section of column shown in Fig. l. Fig. 3 isa horizontal section of one of the upper sections of the column. Fig. 4is a side elevation of a part of the section of column shown in Fig. 3.Figs. 5, 6, and 7 show, respectively, different ways in which the Z-barsare assembled to form the column to give the desired strength to theseveral sections of the column and keep the dimensions A and B constant.
My invention consists in a compound column for buildings composed of aseries of sections, the sections for the the successive floors' or partsof the building in which the column is erected being composed of Z-barsof successively less size, the column itself having substantiallyuniform outline dimensions A and B from top to bottom.
The lower section of the column shown in Fig. l is composed of fourZ-bars b c d e, set in upright position, so that their webs 4 shall beparallel, the outside faces of the webs of the Z-bars b and e being inthe same plane, and the outside faces of the webs of the Z- bars c and dbeing also in the same plane, the anges 5 of the bars beingsecuredtogether by an intermediate plate or web or battenwork 6.
7 7 are cover-plates, which are riveted to the sides of the column. Thesections of column above the lower section are similarly constructed ofsuccessively smaller Z-bars,
and I assemble them as follows, so that the' dimensions represented bythe lines A B shall be constant from the top to the bottom of thecompound columns.
Fig. 3 shows in horizontal section a section of the column of an upperstory of the building. In this section four Z-bars b", c', d', and ehave the outer faces of their webs 4', respectively, in line, as abovedescribed; but the i'lnages 5 are not directly connected by abut tingagainst an intermediate plate 6. These flanges of the bars b and c havea separate side plate 8 and the flanges 5 of the bars e and d haveanother side plate 9, the side plates 8 and 9 being separated, so as tomake the dimensionAthe same as the length ofthe dimensionAin Fig. l. Theends of the flanges 5 of the bars d and e are also separated from theends ofthe corresponding flanges d and c sufficiently to make thedimension B equal to the corresponding dimension of Fig. l. There arealso tie plates or bars l0 11, connecting, respectively, the bars b ande and the bars c and cl, so as to make the two sections of the Ycolumnact as one.
In Figs. 5, 6, and 7 Ishow other methods of constructing Z-bar columnsas will make the dimensions A and B constant, the dimensions C and Dbeing the variables.
The principal advantages of a column so constructed are as follows:
First. Having practically equal radii of gyrations in all directions, itwill have practically a maximum strength in all directions.
Second. The floor beams and girders which abut against or fit betweensuch columns in successive stories and supported on brackets attached totheir sides or on cap-plates will have the same length throughout thesuccessive floors, and can be ordered directly from the mill without theprevious calculations necessary when the dimensions A and B of thecolumns on the successive floors of the building are not the same.
Third. The beams which abut against or are connected to the columns canhave the same spacing for their rivets, bolts, or open holes. These aremade according to the same measurement throughout, and therefore onedetail drawing for the beams or girders on any one floor will sufficefor all of them, and
it is unnecessary to make separate drawings for the beams and girdersfor the several doors, as required when the dimensions A and B of thecolumn are different on the several floors. Labor and chances of errorare thus reduced in making the drawings.
Fourth. The plates, fillers, angle-bars, batten-plates, and otherconnections required in the construction of the column, as well as ICOthe brackets required to support the beams or girders which abut againstor are extended between the columns, can be made substantially alike inrespect of their punching, riveting, tbc., in the successive floors ofthe building, and thus the Working up of the details and the cost of thedrawings, as well as the chances of error, are largely reduced. Thecolumns can be made of less cost because of the uniformity of suchconnections, and these connections can be kept in stock in largequantities ready for use to be supplied as required.
Fifth. As the floor beams or girders which abut or extend between thecolumns will have the same workmanship and will be substantially alike,the erection of buildings having such columns will be greatlyfacilitated in respect ot saving of time and cost.
I claim- 1. A compound column, the successive sections of which arecomposed respectively of four Z-bars the bars of the several sectionsbeing of unequal dimensions but being riveted together in such a waythat the dimensions A and B are constant; substantially as described.
2. A compound column,the successive sections of which are composedrespectively of four Z-bars riveted together, so that the dimensions Cbetween the opposing flanges of the Z-bars shall vary, and that theoutline dimensions A and B of the column shall be constant throughout;substantially as described.
3. A compound eolumn,the several sections ot which are composedrespectively of four Z-bars tied together, the bars of the severalsections being of unequal dimensions, but being tied together so thatthe dimensions C between the opposin g flanges ot the Z-bars shall vary,and so that the outline dimensions A and B of the column shall beconstant throughout; substantially as described.
4. A compound column, the several sections of which are composedrespectively of four Z-bars tied together, the bars of the severalsections being of unequal dimensions,but bcing tied together so that thedimensions D bctween the ends of the opposingilangesof the beams shallvary, and so that the outline dimensions A and Bof the column shall becon stantthroughout; substantially as described.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.
F. ll. KINDL.
Witnesses:
1I. M. CoRwIN, WARREN W. SWARTZ.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1895-09-24"
} |
US-41118120-A | Manifolding pack and holder
Apr. 3?, 1923.
'MANIFOLDING PACK AND HOLDER Fi led Sept. l8, 1920 1,451,791 J. A. B.SMITH i Patented Apr. 17, 19.23.
STAR
aigzi JESSE A. B. SMITH, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOB 'IOUNDERWOOD TYPE- "WRITER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OFDELAWARE.
IVIA'NIFOLDING PACK AND HOLDER.
Application filed September 18, 1920.
To (ZZZ 1072,0722. it may concern:
Be it known that I, Jnssn A. B. SMITH, a citizen. of the United States,residing in Stamford, in the county of Fairfield and State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inManifold ing Packs and Holders, of which the following is aspecification.
This invention relates to inanifoldii'ig, and more particularly; to theassembling of work-sheets and transfer-sheets and the introductionaround the platen from the front thereof of the assemblage thus formed.The invention is illustrated in connection with an Underwood standardtypewriter.
In carrying out this invention, use may be made of a machine providedwith a collating-table mounted between the end walls of the carriage andadapted to co-operate with the front portion of the platen. Thecollating-table is provided with several spring clamps to aid in thepreliniinar positioning of the sheets, these clamps being later moved toan ineffective position. The
invention contemplates the use of a pack of long sheets of carbon,preferably fastened at both ends before insertion around the platen, andat the lower end alone after insertion, to prevent relative shifting ofthe sheets. A guide, or dummy, sheet in the form of holder is slid overthe oarbonpack, and the holder and pack are then run around the platenfrom the rear in the usual manner. The carbons are separated at theirforward ends and interleaved be tween work-sheets which. are arranged inproper relative positions on the collating table, and the assemblagethus formed is then run around the platen in the reverse direction, i.e.. from the front to the rear.
The holder is of such length that, in the initial operative positionwhen the work sheets are to be inserted, a portionthereof is beneath theplaten and a portion projects above, and when the assemblage is moved toits rearward position preparatory to typing, the forward portion of theholder will be under the control of the platen. Each of the work-sheets,but the outer one, is guided rearwardly around the platen by the carbonbehind which it is positioned, and theouter work-sheet is guided aroundthe platen 'by a portion of the holder outside of the carbon-pack andunder the forward end of which the rear end of the out- Serial No.411,181.
side work-sheet is placed. It will be seen that the last-mentionedportion prevents projection of the rear edge of the outside work-sheetand furnishes a. smooth outer surface during rearward movement of theassemblage, thereby insuring proper insertion of the outer worksheet.
Other features and advantages will here ina'fter appear.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a view of the platen and accompanying parts of amachine,showing the front collating-table, and the holder, carbon-pack, andwork-sheets in position.
Figure 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a section taken on the line 33 of Figure 2, and shows themechanism for rotating the springs" on the collating-table toineffective position and for maintaining them in such position.
Figure 4. is a perspective view of the holder, or dummy sheet.
Figure 5 shows the holder applied to a carbon-pack.
The drawings show an ordinary platen 1O journaled in end walls 11 (oneof Which is shown in Figure 2) by means of a shaft 12 and operated bythe ordinary knob 13. There is shown also the usual paper-table 15having an apron extension 16, the latter being provided with openings 18to accommodate the pressure-rolls 19. The printing position is indicatedby the typebar 21, with wing-scales 22 at either side of such position.
A front collating-table is mounted in the end walls of the carriage bymeans of a. shaft 32 passing through the depending ears 31 on the table.The table is positioned tangentially to the front portion of the platen.One edge of the table is provided with an aligning edge or flange 35.Fitting over the flange 35 are spring clips 37 which terminate belowtable 30 in upstanding portions 38 rigidly attached by means of screws41 to shaft 39 passing therethrough. the shaftbeing journaled inbrackets 40 fixed to the under side of the table 30. Rigidly attached toshaft 39 is a collar provided with two notches 46 and 4.7 into which avdetent spring 49. fixed to the table at 50, is adapted to fit. It willbe seen that in the position shown in Figure 23. the spring clips 87rest upon the table,
Ill)
and the detent e9 having its end in notch 46 tends to hold the clips inthis position. However, the clips can be rotated to ineffectiveposition, thus rota-ting shaft 39 and hence collar 45, and bringingnotch 4C7 into engagement with detent 49 which then tends to hold theclips in ineffective position.
The holder or dummy sheet illustrated in Figure lmay be made of paper orother suitable material, and comprises a front portion 60, a rearportion 61, and members 6:? connecting the lower part of the rear portion 61 with the upper part of the front portion 60, A part6?) of thefront portion 60 thus overlaps the rear portion 61. Figure 5 shows apack of carbon-sheets fastened. at both ends, the upper end havingperforations enabling the sheets to be separated after they have beeninserted in the machine, relative shifting of the sheets being thus prevented. The carbon-pack is shown projecting between the front and rearportions of the holder which thus forms a slide on the pack. I
The use of the device is as follows: The holder having been positionedwith respect to the carbon-pack, as in Figure 5, they are run into themachine from the rear of the platen in the usual manner until the holderand pack rest upon the collating-table. As shown in Figure 1, the lowerfront portion of the holder ,is still below the platen, while the upperfront portion 68, the rear portion 61, and a part of the carbon-pack,rest upon the collating-table. The upper edge of the carbon-pack isopened and the work-sheets are then inserted in the carbon-pack inalternate layers, one being placed at the front and another at the rearof the pack, and collated on the table, the springs 37 tending to holdall the sheets on the table when their relative positions are fixed. Vvhen this is accomplished, the springs are swung to ineffective position,and the holder, containing thecarbon-pack and worksheets, isrun into themachine by turning mob 13 so as to draw thework around the platen fromfri'mt to rear.
' The front portion 60 of the holder presents a smooth surface toprojections facing the platen, and, since its lower edge is maintainedbelowthe platen, it enables any worksheets inserted in front of theplaten and back of the front portion 60 to be drawn around the platenfrom front to rear. Rear portion 61 is made longer than front portion 63(the latter must be short to enable the work-sheets to be seen whilethey are positioned on the table), so that when portion 63 passes aroundand beyond the lowest portion of the platen, 61 will still be in aposition to aid in drawing the carbon-pack and work-sheets around theplaten. A
' worksheet having been fully typed, the
sheets are run to the position shown in Figure 1, the work-sheetswithdrawn and others inserted. When a section of the car hon-sheetsbecomes worn the holder can be shifted to another position.
Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, andportions of the improvements may be used without others.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. A manifolding assemblage for use in typewriting machines, comprisinga plurality of superposed transfer sheets secured together at both endsand a holder therefor, having a back sheet behind the forward portion ofthe transfer sheets, and a front sheet connected around the sides of thetransfer sheets with the back sheet adjacent the rearward end of thelatter and extending rearwardly from the connected portions and alsoforwardly, the forward portion being less in length than the back sheet.
2. A manifolding assemblage for use in typewriting machines, comprisinga plurality f superposed transfer-sheets secured together at both endsand a holder therefor comprising a front sheet, a back sheet, and bandsjoining the sides of one sheet to the sides of the other sheet, tofacilitate the front insertion in the machine of work-sheets associatedwith said transfer-sheets to enable manifolding to be effected.
3. A manifolding assemblage for use in typewriting machines, comprisinga plurality of superposed transfer-sheets secured together at both endsand a holder therefor comprising a front sheet, a back sheet, and
IOU
bands joining the sides of one sheet to the sides of the other sheet, tofacilitate the front insertion in the machine of Work-sheets associatedwith said transfer-sheets to enable manifolding to be effected, saidtransfersheets having provision at their forward ends to enable saidends to be removed easily to free the forward portions of the transfersheets, so that the work-sheets may be introduced rearwardlytherebetween.
t. A manifolding assemblage for use in typewriting machines, comprisinga plurality of superposed transfer-sheets secured together at both endsand a holder therefor comprising a front sheet, a back sheet, and bandsjoining the sides of one sheet to the sides of the other sheet, tofacilitate the front insertion in the machine of work-sheets associatedwith said transfer-sheets to enable manifolding to be effected, saidholder having an outside flap behind which the lower edge of aWork-sheet outside of the outer transfer-sheet may be placed tofacilitate the front insertion of said work-sheet.
5. A holder for a transfer-sheet pack to facilitate the use! of thelatter for manifolding in a typewriting machine, comprising a frontsheet, a back sheet and bands joining the edges of the back sheet at therear end thereof with the edges of the front sheet intermediate the endsthereof.
6. A holder for a transfer-sheet pack to facilitate manifolding in atypewriting machine, comprising a holding portion, a forward extensionto enable the holder to remain under the control of the platen andfeed-rolls when the holding portion is moved to the rear thereof, saidforward extension lying to the rear of the pack to avoid interferencewith typing, and a rearward extension of sufficient length to extendbetween the platen and the feedaolls when the holding portion is movedto the front of the platen.
7. A holder for a transfer-sheet pack to facilitate manifolding in atypewriting machine, comprising a holding portion, a for ward extensionto enable the holder to remain under the. control of the platen andfeed-rolls when the holding portion is moved to the rear thereof, saidforward extension lying to the rear of the pack to avoid interferencewith typing, a rearward extension of suflicient length to extend betweenthe platen and the feed-rolls when the holding portion is moved to thefront of the platen, and a front flap extending from the holding portionto receive the rear end of a worksheet to facilitate the front insertionthereof at the outside of said pack.
8. A transfer-sheet pack for use in manifolding in typewriting machinesin connection with work-sheets. inserted at the front of the platen,comprising a plurality of superposed transfer-sheets and attaching meanswhereby they are secured together at both ends, and having a transverseline of perforations across the forward end of the pack, between theattaching means and the body of the pack so that this end of the packmay be torn off after insertion to permit the forward ends of the sheetsto be separated to receive work-sheets therebetween, the fastening atthe rear end of the pack preventserted at the front of the platen,comprising a pack of transfer-sheets connected at their rear ends and ofsuihciently greater length than the work-sheets, that, when advancedatthe front of the platen to enable worksheets to be associated therewith,the rear ends of the transfer-sheets will remain under the control ofthe platen, and a holder comrising a band extending around thetransfer-sheets adjacent the lower ends of the work-sheets associatedwith the forward ends of the transfer-sheets, said holder having meansto overlie the lower end of the work-sheet on the outside of thetransfersheet pack and thereby insure proper guiding of this work-sheetaround the platen when the latter is given a reverse movement.
10. A manifolding assemblage for use in a typewriting machine withwork-sheets inserted at the front of the platen, comprising a pack oftransfer-sheets connected at their rear ends and of sufficiently greaterlength than the work-sheets that, when advanced at the front of theplaten to enable worksheets to be associated therewith, the rear ends ofthe transfer-sheets will remain under the control of the platen, a bandextending around the transfer-sheets adjacent the lower ends of thework-sheets, a portion extending forwardly from said band at the rear ofsaid work-sheets and the interleaved portions of the transfer-sheets,and a portion extending rearwardly from said band so as to be under thecontrol of the platen when the transfersheets are in advanced position,the forward portion being under the control of the platen when thesheets are in retracted position.
JESSE A. B. SMITH Witnesses:
EDITH l3. LIBBEY, JENNIE P. THORNE.
| 2024-03-22 | 1920-09-18 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1923-04-17"
} |
US-477623D-A | Metallurgical furnace
(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheefi 1.
M. R; CONLEY.
METALLURGICAL FURNACE. No, 477,623. Patented June 21, 1892.
WITNESSES.-
W I o L I 2H0 M M I I H BY M M%M ATTORNEYJ' 2 t e e h S W e e h s 2 L Om R EU LP L. WA Cw m U m MA T M q d o M 9 m I Patented June 21, 1892.
1 m U min. s YA. nu E w D U U 5 m F 3 U E m m m m WITNESSES.
ATTORNEY,
or any other similar material.
iliyrrnn STATES MICHAEL R. ooNLEY, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
METALLURGICAL FURNACE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 477,623, dated June 21,1892 Application filed March 26, 1891. Serial No. 386,419. (No model.)
To ml? rah/0m it may concern:
Be 1t known that 1, MICHAEL R. County, a
citizen of the United States, and a resident of 1 transferred therefromto the molten bath on the bed of the melting-hearth without exposure toatmospheric air.
The main obj eot of my invention is to utilize the waste gas of theopen-hearth meltingfurnace to heat the retorts without interfering withthe reversing principle of the reverberatory open-hearth furnace andwithout using any other regenerators than those needed for themelting-hearth.
Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a sectional elevation of myimproved furnace on the line q q, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan sectionalview of the same on line so as, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional View online y y, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is another sectional view on line 2 a, Fig. 1.Fig. 5 is an end view showing the retort-doors.
The open-hearth furnace A may be constructed in general after the mannerof the Siemens reverberatory steel-melting furnace, with its gas and airchecker-work or regenerators B B and melting-hearth G, with depressedroof S to throw the flame onto the bath in the hearth. The end walls D Dof this open-hearth furnace are made thicker or more extended than usualin order to receive and support at each end one or moredeoXidizing-retorts E E, made of the shape shown or any other suitableshape and of fire-clay These retorts are each provided with afilling-chute F and gas-outlet pipe G. Each is also provided with amuffle-door H, secured to the end of the retort, and in this door is asmall opening for the introduction of the slice-bar and closed by slidesI.
In Fig. 5 the slides on the left-hand door are shown as closed, while011 the right-hand door they are shown as opened for the introduction ofa suitable slice-bar. Each retort has likewise a rear outlet J openingdirectly into the melting-hearth C, but normally closed by afire-clay-slab gate K. These ret-orts are surrounded by checker or openwork L, the object of which will be presently explained. Gas and airfines m m lead from regenerators B B into the checker-work L, and fromthe checker Work chamber around the retorts there are flues n a formedin the masonry, which open into the combustion-chamber on themelting-hearth. The latter is provided with a suitable tapping-spout P,and at the opposite side suitable openings R may be provided.
The working of this combined furnace is as follows: The retorts beingshut off from the melting-hearth by the gates K are then filled with oremixed with carbon through the chutes F, which are closed after filling.The bed of the open-hearth furnace is then prepared in the ordinarymanner by scrap or pig iron to form a molten mass. The action of theopenhearth furnace is then set in motionthat is, the gas and air areadmitted into the furnace at one side, and from the regenerators on thatside they pass up the fines m or m, as the case may be, into and throughchecker-work L out through fines n (n') to the meltinghearth C, wherecombustion takes place. The waste gases or products of combustion fromthe hearth 0 pass through the fines n (n) on the opposite side of thehearth, through checker-Work L, around the retorts, and down flues m (m)into the regeuerators B B at the opposite end of the furnace. The heatof the Waste gas is intense enough to heat the retorts sufficiently todeoxidize the ore within them, and the checker or open work around theretorts facilitates this result. By reversing the action of the gas andair the retorts on the other end can be heated in a similar manner.WVhen the ore in any one of the retorts is properly deoxidized, the gateK is lifted and the sponge from the retort is discharged into the moltenmass on the melting hearth C. When the retort is emptied, the gate isclosed and the retort recharged.
One of the important features of the 0011- struction described is thatthe same regenerators which supply the air and gas to the melting-hearthand which carry off the products'of-combustion also serve for the deoX-idizing-retorts.
I am aware that it has been proposed to arrange retorts for the ore atone end of a puddling-furnace in the flues leading from thepuddling-chamber; but my invention is an open-hearth melting-furnace, sothat as the ore is deoxidized in the retorts it may be pushed directlyonto the melting-hearth and sink into the molten metal and be meltedtherein, while protected from the action of the gases by the slagcovering. I have one or more retorts at each end of the melting hearthwith reversible regenerators, so that the retortsmay be kept continuallyheated without interfering with the reverberatory or reversing action ofthe'gas and air, and consequently the proper working ofthemeltinghearthof the furnace.
I donot confine myself to any particular way of runningthe flues, solong as the objects for which they are used are carried out.
I claim as my invention- 1. A metallurgical regenerative furnace havinga melting-hearth with 'regenerators and fines connecting theregenerators with the opposite ends of the said melting-hearth, incombination with retorts having the1r 1nner ends opening directly ontothe meltinghearth, but normally closed by gates, these retorts beinginterposed in the said flues between the regenerators and the hearth atthe opposite ends of the latter, whereby'the same regenerators serve forboth melting-hearth and retorts'and on the opening of the latter the oremay be pushed directly 1n to the molten metal on the hearth,substantially as described.
' 2. A metallurgical reverberatory furnace having a melting-hearth andregenerators with fines connecting the regenerators with the hearth,closed deoXidizing-retorts 1n the said flues having their inner endsopening directly onto the melting-hearth, but normally closed by gates,and checker-work L'around the retort-s, substantially as set'forth.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.
MICHAEL R. 'CONLEY.
Witnesses:
JOHN REVELL, GEORGE BAUMANN.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1892-06-21"
} |
US-1912714837-A | Carriage for type-writing machines.
A. LOPEZ.
CARRIAGE FOR TYPE WRITING MACHINES.
APPLIUATION FILED AUG. 13, 1912. I
1,12 44, Patented Jan.26,191-5.
2 SHEETs-SHEBT 1.
Patented M1126, 1915.
UNITED s'ra'I-ns "Paranor- ARTHUR LOPEZ, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNCR TOTHE HAMMOND 'I'YPEW'RITER CH. 015 NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEWYORK,
CARRIAGE FOR TYPE-WRITING MACHINES,
Specification of Letters iatent.
Patented Jan. 262,
Application filed August 13, 1912. Serial No. 714,837.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, An'rnon LOPEZ, a. citizen bt the United States ofAmerica, residing in New York, in the borough of Man hattan, county andSta e of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements inCarriagesfor Type-Writing Machines, of' which the following is aspecification.
This invention relates to an improved carriage for typewriting-machineswhich is made noiseless in its motion by means of antifriction-rollersarranged at the points of support, and to which, by reducing thefriction between the carriage and its supports a free and easy motion isimparted; and the invention consists of a carriage for typewritingmachines which is provided at its lower part with a grooved longitudinalguide-rail, and antitrictioIrbaIIs interposed between the same and agrooved longitudinal supporting-rail, a retaining-roller at one sideengaging the rack-bar of the carriage, and antiiriction-rollers at theupper part of the frame bearing against the upper guide-rail of thecarriage.
The invention consists furtherot' certain details of construction whichwill be fully described hereinafter and finally defined in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a plan-view 07 atypewritingmachine and the paper-carriage of the same, partly insection, Fig. 2 represents an endelevation of the carriage and itssupporting parts, Fig. 3, a vertical transverse section on line 3, 3-,Fig. 1, Fig. 4, a detail end-elevation of the ball-bearing for the lowerpart of the carriage, drawn on a larger scale, Fig. 5, a verticaltransverse section of the upper antifriction-rollers of the carriage.also drawn on a larger scale, and Fig. 6, a detail plan-view of thelower supportingrail of the carriage and of the ball-bearings for thelower part or bottom of the carriage.
Similar letters of. reference indicate .corresponding parts throughoutthe several figures of the drawings.
Referring to the drawings, f represents the supporting-frame of atypewriting-machine, more especially of that type known as the Hammondtypewriting-machine. To the base-portion of the frame f are attachedbrackets b, which support in recesses b at their upper parts alongitudinal supportingrail 0 on which the lower pa?- or bottom of thecarriage is supported. .e rail 0 is rigidly secured into the recesses ofthe brackets 2') by means of pins 0" and clamp ing-serews as shown inFigs. and The supporting-rail 0 is provided with a longitudinal groovehavinginclined sides, on which latter rest the ball-bearings for thelower or bottom portion of the carriage, which are interposed betweenthe stationary supporting-rail c and the longitudinal bottom-rail d ofthe carriage (Z. The carriage (Z is made oi the usual construction withcircular arms (Z at the ends, a. longitudinal connecting-rod (Z at oneslde and a square guide-rail d at the upper end of the inner or oppositeside. The ends of the connecting-rod J and guide-rail d are attached bymeans of screw-nuts to the circular arms (Z at the ends of the carriage.T he carriage (Z is moved over its guideraiis by a steelband 6 which isconnected by a link 6 at its end with a pin a on a longitudinal guiderail 0", which latter is attached to the circular end-arms of thecarriage and moved along a beveled retaining roller (2* that turnsaround a pin 5 at the upper end of an upright arm 4: attached to thebase-frame f of the machine. The opposite end of the steel-banal c isapplied to a spring-drum g, the shaft of which turns in bearings oi thebottom-frame f of the carriage, the springdrum and steel-band impartingthe motion to'the carriage during the operation of thetypewriting-machine from the right to the left hand side of the machine,while the motion of the carriage toward the right is accom lished in thewell-known manner by a han -lever at the right-hand end of the carriage.Atthe upper ends of the circular arms d of the carriage c are supportedthe usual guide-rollers r, r by which the paper is guided to theprinting instrun'ientalities. The guide-rail (Z at the upper front-partof the carriageis guided along an antifriction-roller it which issupported on an angular bracket 71. attached to the upper portion 7" ofthe frame f or" the machine, and which takes up the friction with theside of the guide-rail, while a second antifriction-roller 71. which issupported on a fixed pin h of the upper portion 7" of the frame bearsagainst the opposite side of the upper guide-railof the carriage andtakes up the friction with the same. The anti &
friction-rollers 7i and h serve to guide the upper guiderail of thecarriage and take tip the friction of the same during its reciprocatingmotion. The bracket Ii is extended at its upper portion over thegraduated upper face of the guide-rail (Z as shown in Fig. 5, and formsby its pointed end an indicator 11: by which the position of thecarriage is properly located as it is moved from one side to the otherof the machine.
Two antifriction ball-bearings are provided for the lower part or bottomofthe carriage, and are (iomposed each ofan antifriction-ball i and aretainer 2' having an opening corresponding with the size of theantifrietion-ball. The retainers 2'. are formed of flat plates which areconnected by a longitudinal rod 2' as shown clearly in Fig. 6. The Lpperportions of the antifriction-balls z are received in a longitudinalgroove or raceway i having inclinedsides which raceway is located at thebottom of the guide-rail d of the carriage. Pins 2" at the ends of thesupporting-rail c prevent the moving of the carriage beyond the ends ofthe bottom guide-tail 0 when the carriage arrives at either end of'itsmotion. As the carriage is guided at its lower or bottom part by theantifrictiondaalls 2', and at its upper part by the antifriction-rollers71, 72. acting on. the upper guide-rail (Z While its rack-bar isretained bythe roller 6'; all the movable parts of the carriage areguided on the frame in a frictionless manner so that thereby aneasy-running and perfectly noiseless motion of the carriage is obtained.The other accessories of the typewritingmachine are of the usualconstruction and act in cooperation with the noiseless car riage in theusual manner.
I claim:
1. in a typeWriting-machine, the combi ed on the upper part. of theframe and natiom with the grooved supportinga'ail oi? thesupporting-frame, of a carriage having a bottom-rail guided byball-bearings on I said sil iporting-rail and having at its frontportion an upper guide-rail guided at its opposite sides byhorizontally-opposite roller-bearin on the supporting-frame.
2.- 1n typ'ewritingdnachine, he combination. with supporting-brackets onthe bottom-frame ol the machine and a longitudinal guide-rail supportedby the same, of a carriage provided at its lower or bottom part With alower or bottom guide-rail and at its front part with an upperguide-rail, antiiriction ball-bearings interposed between thesupporting-rail and the bottom gi'lide-rail, and antitriction-rollerssupport ed on the su )p .irting frame horizontally opposite each otherand ei'igaging the horizontally opposite sides of the'upper guidehar ofthe carriage.
3. In a typeWriting-machine, the combination, With .a lowersupportingqail supported in the bottom-frame of the machine, of acarriage provided with a lower or bottom guide-rail, a'raclobar and an.upper or top guide-rail at the front of the carriage, antifrictionball-bearings interposed between the supportingrail and the bottom guiderail of the carriage a retainingroller bearing on the 'raclebar, andhorizon tally opposite: antifrictionrollers su' p.ort- 5 formingcontactwith opposite sides of the upper guide-bar of the carriage.
in testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signedmy name in a presence of two subscribihg witnesses.
ARTHUR LOPEZ.
Witnesses:
' PAUL GOEPEL,
JOHN Mormon.
| 2024-03-22 | 1912-08-13 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1915-01-26"
} |
US-22487718-A | Tag-holder.
1. B FELICETTI. WRHING INSTRUMENT HOLDER.
APPLICATION FILED JAN-26,1918.
Patented 001:. 22, 1918.
CARL FINGLER AND JOHN M. GIBB, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.
TAG-HOLDER Application filed March 26, 1918. Serial No. 224,877.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, CARL FINGLER and JOHN M. GIBB, citizens of theUnited States, residing at Providence, in the county of Providence andState of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement inTag-Holders, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements infa tagholder, and has for its principal object to provide a simple, unitarydevice constructed to be secured over the edge of a shelf or to stand inan easel-like manner on a table.
Further, the invention seeks to provide a tag holder of the foregoingcharacter that may be economically and expeditiously stamped from asingle sheet of metal to present a neat frame forreceiving the cardscontaining the figures, or the like.
In the drawings I Figure 1 is a front elevation of'the improved tagholder clipped over the edgeof a shelf.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the same on line 22 of Fig.'1.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the tag holder taken on line 33 ofFig. 1, and
Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of the improvement.
I11 carrying the invention into practice a sheet of metal is preferablyemployed, the same being out, stamped and formed to provide a frame 1having an upper, spring clamp member or leaf 2 extending rearwardlysubstantially at right angles from its top and a lower resilient clampmember or leaf 3 extending from its bottom edge at an acute angle andtoward the upper clamping member. The said lower clamp may have portionssuitably removed for increasing its resiliency, as illustrated.
The frame 1 has its rectangular edge part rolled or formedconcavo-convex, and is divided by a vertical partition or bar 4 locateda little to one side of the center to provide window openings 5 ofdifferent areas. In removing the metal for these openings, the majorportions are left integral with the partitioning bar 4, being depressedor sunken from the frame to form oppositely extending wings 6. Thus, thewings have stop walls or shoulders 7 at their inner edges While theirouter edges are rolled back to facilitate the insertion of a card orcards therebeneath.
Specification of Letters Patent.
' provided Patented (lot. 22, rate.
In use, small cards, corresponding in size to the two openings 5, areinserted in the frame beneath the spring Wings 6, said cards 8 to bearthe desired numerals or such data as is required. For economy andconvenience each card is provided with a number on both the front andback faces. The large sized cards are positioned over the largerright-hand opening 5 and bear the abbreviation for cents following thenumeral. However, should the dollar mark be used the left hand 'cardwould then be enlarged to contain such mark. The central partition 4serves as a stop for the inward sliding movement of the cards, the innercorners of which latter are protected by the flaring upper andlower-ends of the partition, as depicted at 9 in'Fig. 1.
In applying the tag holder to the edge of a shelf, the clamping members2 and 3 are slightly sprung to receive the thickness of the shelf so asto afford a frictional grip 'for securely holding the device on theshelf;
When merely resting on a flat surface, as a table, the holder is stoodon its lower leaf 3, the inclination of which gives the desired backwardtiltv to the frame. The free edge of the lower leaf 3 is deflecteddownwardly, as at 10, such downturned edge portion serving a dualfunction by bracing the holder when standing. in an easel-like mannerand also by facilitating the entrance of the shelf between said clampingmembers.
Thus, a simple and neat tag holder .is which may be economically stampedinto thedesired form without complicated operations.
Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. A tag holder constructed of sheet metalcut and bent to provide'a frame and upper and lower .clamping membersextending rearwardly from the top and bottom edges of the frame, thelatter having its edge part rolled and its opening divided by apartition into a plurality of windows, that I rtion removed to form thewindows being 1! ft integral with and depressed from the partition toprovide oppositely extending wings for holding cards in the windows, theupper and lower end portions of the partition flaring to engage over theinner corners of the cards.
2. A tag holder constructed of sheet metal out and bent to provide aframe and upper sion of the coil around the instrument together with thereversing feature of the end which is adapted to penetrate the clothing,is sufficient to properly secure the holder to the writing instrument. Ihave shown in Fig. 6 an instrument holder in which the pointed end 9 ofthe coil is omitted and in lieu thereof the corresponding end 10 remainsparallel to and within the confines of the body portion 6. In all otherrespects the construction shown in Fig. 6 is similar to that describedin connection with Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, and I have, therefore, givensimilar parts corresponding reference numerals.
While I have described my invention as taking a particular form, it willbe understood that the various parts of my invention may he changedwithout departing from the spirit thereof, and hence I do not limitmyself to the precise construction set forth, but consider that I am atliberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly come within thescope of the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:
1. A writing instrument holder consisting of a member wound spirally inthe form of a helix and having an end portion bent back upon itself toprovide a hook pointing in a direction reverse to that of the spiralportion from which it is bent and adapted to penetrate material,substantially as described.
2. A writing instrument holder consisting of a member wound spirally inthe form of a helix and having an end portion bent back upon itself toprovide a hook pointing in a direction reverse to that of the spiralportion from which it is bent and adapted to penetrate material, saidportion being spaced, adjacent its point of bend, from the convolutionfrom which it is bent, and having a pointed end normally positionedcloser to the coiled body portion of the holder than the adjacent partof said spaced por tion, substantially as described.
3. A writing instrument holder consisting of a member wound spirally inthe form of a helix and having an end portion bent in a directionreverse to that of the spiral pitch and adapted to penetrate material,the opposite end of said holder being positioned closer to the axis thanthe portion of the coil which produces the internal diameter thereof soas to penetrate the writing instrument, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribin witnesses.
JOHN iiAPTIsTE FELIOETTI. IVitnesses:
MARY A. INGLAR,
CHAS. E. Po'rTs.
' Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressing the Qommissioner of Eatents,
Washington, I). 0.
| 2024-03-22 | 1918-03-26 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1918-10-22"
} |
US-1403700D-A | Apparatus tor directive transmission
F. S. McCULLOUGH.
APPARATUS FOR DIRECTIVE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
APPLICATION HLED OCT-30,1916.
Z OH O a 3. 3 4 I Y1 25W w H. .WM 7 N am 0 flu M m 5 M w M F w r M I ZF. S. McCULLOUGH.
APPARATUS FOR DIRECHVE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
APPLICATlON FILED OCT-30. 1916.
Patented Jan. 17, 1922.
2 SHEETSSHEET Z- [TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
FREDERICK S. MGCULLOUGH, OF CLEVELAND, 01-110, ASSIGNOR T 0F CLEVELAND,OHIO.
GLENN L. an-rm,
APPARATUS FOR DIRECTIVE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
Application filed October 30, 1916.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, FREDERICK S. Mo- (lunnoueir, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State ofOhio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Apparatusfor Directive Transmission of Electromagnetic lVaves, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description, reit'erence being hadto the accompanying drawings.
This invention relates to an improved system of transmission ofelectromagnetic waves for purposes of wireless co1nmunication, signalingetc. The general object is to increase the efficiency of and to simplifysuch apparatus.
A more specific object of this invention is to so construct theapparatus that it may be effectively used. for actuating selectively oneor more of a pll'irality of receiving devices by directive transmissionof electro magnet waves from one or more transmitting apparatus. Theinvention is particularly useful for signaling successively individual.members of a series of receiving devices the transmitting device beingso arranged as to travel in a pathway leading past said receivingdevices.
Another specific object of the invention is to arrange the apparatusthat it may be well adapted for use in a system including a plurality ofreceiving members located at intervals along a traclrway or guideway andin close proximity thereto, while a coacting transmitting device maycommunicate selectively with the receiving devices as it IS moved alongthe trackway or guideway past the same.
forth in the following description which refers to the drawingsillustrating a preferred embodiment thereof. The essentialcharacteristics of the present invention are set forth in the claims.
1' have shown, in the drawings illustrations of my invention indiagrammatic form,-
in order that it may be more readily understood. as it is apparent thatthose skilled in the art may readily embody the invention with propermechanical devices corresponding to the diagrammatic illustrations.
In the drawings. Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a simpleform of trans-l Specification of Letters I'atent.
Patented Jan. 17, 1922.
Serial No. 128,375.
mission and receiving apparatus; Fig. 2 is a similar view showing amodified form of receiving apparatus; Figs. 3 and d are a side elevationand a front elevation respectively, of a particular form ofparabolicshaped capacity members; big. 5 is a View showing a series ofreceiving station and a transmission device coacting therewith andadapted to travel in parallel relation thereto. In this figure thetransmitting device is illustrated in solid lines in the inter mediateposition, and in dot and dash lines in the other positions coacting withother receiving stations. Fig. 6 illustrates a slightly modified form oftransmitting and receiving stations adapted to be used in a similarmanner. F ig. 7 is a cross-section on an enlarged scale of the tube 40showing the wire in heating contact with the glass.
Referring to Fig. 1, 10 indicates a suitable high frequency generatorwhich is illustrative of any means for generating electromagnetic wavesof high frequency.
One pole of this generator is shown as connected to. the ground 12 by awire 13. From the other pole a wire 14: leads to a coil 16 providing avariable inductance, the con tact 17 being movable along the same. Thisinductance is shown as connected with a capacity member indicated at 20,which is preferably of the form shown in Figs. 3 and 4t, and which willbe later more specifically described.
By arranging the capacity member 20 or the induction portion 16, orboth, so that they may be adjusted, they may be brought into properproportion to the desired wave length. The frequency of the generatormaybe varied by changing its speed.
At is indicated a receiving capacity similar to the transmittingcapacity 20 and connected by a wire with a suitable receiver indicatedat 353. and connected to the ground 12 by a wire 33. The telephone at 32is merely symbolic-a1 of any suitable receiving apparatus. and itsdiaphragm is not intended to vibrate at radio frequencies.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 7, in which is illustrated an apparatusmore particularly adapted for relay signaling by directive transmissionof electromagnetic Waves, the transmitting device is substantially thesame as shown in Fig. 1, while the receiving de vice is shown ascomprising the receiving capacit 25 and. hot cathode tube to lmv- "43-and thence to the wire ll.
. may contain a residuum 0; an inert gas such the variable resistance58, :tor A rztino' tl current n the c1rcuit.
inc; connections and etZleading iron the l l e capacity to the ca lodetuhc the ground respec .yely. ll itliin th s tube are a plurality ofnnnute Wires i r'ou' iteil 5Tb surround 1Q lllil'll 1 12:.
as nitrogen. The coil cl w this tube and is connected quency alternatingcurrent nerator in circuit with the generator and t The yr y o thegenerator 56 may be variel by changing itsspeed. A branch circuit, 57.runs to the Wire 4-2.
The rap1dly alternating electrification or changing of the currents inthe coil causes the latter to become heated. This heated co1lSUIlOHIlCllIlQ; and substantially in contact with the glass tube orqhilre causes the latter to become heated the flowing through Wires 4A-result of radiation and conduct-ion of suvh hea. The filament or Wires 1are heated byv the charge effect placed upon the capacity member 25,which creates current in connection with the ground 12, making acomplete circuit through the transmitter to d receive" I;
this manner, therefore. it Will he und :tood that a maximum emission ofelectrons is obtained.
The frequency of generator should be the same as that of generator 10 atthe transinitting station and a rapidly oscillating; field iscreeted inthe tube, Within the coil Under these circumstances. When the waves fromthe transmitting station are received at the receiving); station on thereceiving capacity'25; and the oscillations are transmitted by the Wire41 to. the wire or wires +1 1- 111 the tube, the flow oi electrons -letween the Wire or Wires 4-;- and the plate a5 is increased to an extentsullioiont to perrnit a flow of current in the circuit including thebattery 47 and relay/tS reat enough to operate the relay 48. so thatcurrent will lion; in the circuit containing the indicating d' fvice 52,andcause the latter to give a si 'nal.
The parabolic. capacity device, illustrated particularly in- Figs. 3 and4, is shown as made up of a continuous fiat metal surface =Warped'into'the shape er; a parabolic re z-tlector.
prlses a thin ribbon of metal connected This flat surface preferablycornat each end to conductors 60 and bent 1e peatedly upon itsel'l in atortuous path, forming a series of loops (32 each connected at one endwith the loop ncercr tl o Wire (30 sureface ot the reflector. Thisdisposi H111 of the conductor also reduces the indumeneo to a minimum.
is capacity such as just described has hccn found by experiment to hevery sensitive and l with a receiving appaell ective when used ratus.
ln cairyin; out the Sli tt'llii' ohjcct ol' acting a plurality ofreceiving devices by directive transmission oi electroauinructu' vavesfrom a station having its capacity traveling in a pathway in iixn'allclrelation to the capacities ot the l'G-(llVlllfl derives and Withoutinterference. l have iii-reused the system shovvu in Fig. 7 in which thegene]'ator il lll lll'ltfliill to l6 and ground ii) are illustratedsuhstantially as in l' isr. l and in which the apacity '70 may he of.any desired shape or term.
The capacities are adapted to receive impulses 'li nn the directivecapacity Tl) only when the capacity "I is in pr n-tinill'y or positionsuhstantially opposite one ol' the capacities 75.
It this the directive lJHNS HlS UEI device is a lo he moved O lQf apath- ("OlllPS pos t on which into the line it shown in soliv'l cs a eswith the rcvciviiu; elation directly o positc. 'lhc positions ll andiudicute the sending device in position to trr, impulses to the,-.orrcspondinn rece' .ations.
adapted to receive impulses l'roni :1 caparity nieinher R5 \vlicu thecapacity.inculhers are hrougrht into the relative po itions illustratedin this llgruro. 'lhis particular :nwziipgonuait is n clul i instanceswhere. grounding}; the c rcuit would loud in misdirect the same as theca rarity ElKlll u! nu: v he made more truly selective it oporalive onlywhen hoth capacities are hrougrht into close proximity. as illustrated.
The arrangement of the system just doscrihed particularly usotul.xloreruunple. in signaling; systems tor elevators and the like.
The capacity members 70, 75. fil and are diagrammatically illustrated asflat plates, but, in instances where the distance between the capacitymembers is compan atively great capacity members such as illustrated inFigs. 3 and l may be used with advantage, as the waves might then bedirected toward a particular station which would receive suilicientenerg by reason of the directing action of such a capacity memher, toactuate its receiving device while those toward which the capacitymember is not directed would receive no impulses sufiicient to register.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that I have provided asystem and apparatus for wireless transmission, capable of selectivelycommunicating from one or more stations to any of a series o'lt'stations and that when the distance between the Ell/Eltions isappreciable, the directive capacity member herein described willfunction very usefully in controlling); the selection of the receivingstation.
Having thus described my inventioin What I claim is:
1. In a system of wireless tra1smission,
the combination oi? means tor generating electro-magnetic waves, adirective capacity member associated with said means and comprising aconductive flat ribbon bent upon itsell in asuccession of loops andarranged in the form of a parabolic reflecton 2. In a wireless signalingapparatus, a means for receiving or projecting electromagnetic waves,comprising a capacity member, made up of a flat conducting element whichis oblong in cross section and arranged edge to edge in courses spacedapart.
3. A. capacity member for use in a wire less transmission system,consisting cit a conductor convoluted into the form of a slreletonparaboloid.
i. A capacity member for use in a Wireless transmission systemconsisting of a corn ductor convoluted into the form of a skeletonparaboloid, the conductor being; elongated in cross section in thedirection of the parabolic surface. I
5. Ax. capacity member for use in a wire less transmission systemcomprising a slreleton paraboloid consisting of a substantially fiatmetallic ribbon convoluted into parallel strips with the edges. adjacentbut separated.
6. in a wireless systeim an element con sisting; f a continuous thin,llat conductor, oblong in cross-section disposed edge to edge in aseries of adjacent coiu'ses said conductor being; bent baclr upon in aparabolic surface 7. lfn a wireless system an element consisting oil? acontinuous thin fiat conductor, oblong in cross-section, disposed edgeto elge in series of adjacent courses, the adjacent courses running inopposite dircc' tions, in a parabolic surface.
8. In a wireless system, an element consisting oil a continuous thin.tlat conductor, oblong; in cross-section, so disposed in a parabolicsurface, as to increase its capacitance and reduce its inductance llntestimony whereof, l hereunto aiiii; my sign ature.
FREDERICK El. lillcGUlal'iOlJGrHn
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1922-01-17"
} |
US-58270856-A | Clothespin
Feb. 3, 1959 w. D. RICHARDS-ON 2,871,538
CLOTHESPiN Filed May 4, 195a IN VEN TOR.
v ATTORNEYS Wmunn D.R\cHARDSoN United States Patent CLOTHESPIN WilliamD. Richardson, Monson, Mass. 7 Application May 4, 1956, Serial No.582,708
1 Claim. c1. 24-137 This invention relates to clothespins, and moreparticularly has reference to a clothespin so designed as to includespring means adapted, without manual adjustment thereof, to impart tothe clothespin more strength than is true of clothespins previouslydevised, while at the same time providing a better grip upon theclothes.
Summarized briefly, the invention in one form comprises a double-endedclothespin having leaf springs at opposite sides thereof the endportions of which are engaged in outwardly facing recesses. The leafsprings are anchored intermediate their ends, by means of pins whichalso serve as connecting means for identical but opposite pin members,with the resultant construction providing a double-ended clothespinhaving longitudinal slots defined by and between the pin members atopposite ends of the device. The spaces between the pin members are sodesigned as to permit heavy, thick hems to be accommodated as well asthinner articles, and in each instance the spring arrangement is such asto provide a clamping action below the hems while at the same timepreventing splitting of the pin. In another form of the invention, theclothespin is of the single-ended type, but in its basic essentials, isstructurally 'and functionally like the double-ended clothespin.
Among important objects of the invention are the following:
To provide a clothespin that can be manufactured at low cost,considering the benefits to be obtained from the use thereof;
To so design the clothespin as to impart a high degree of strengththereto, thus increasing the useful life of the clothespin;
To so form and locate the springs relative to the clamping arms or pivotmembers of the device as to provide a particularly strong clampingaction upon the clothes while at the same time permitting the arms tofreely yield for the purpose of inserting or removing the clothes orother fabric articles engaged by the clothespin; and
To accomplish the above stated objects without the necessity of manuallyadjustable elements or other means that would tend to prolong the timerequired for engagement or disengagement of the fabric article.
Other objects will appear from the following description the claimsappended thereto, and from the annexed drawing, in which like referencecharacters designate like parts throughout the several views, andwherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a clothespin formed according to thepresent invention;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view therethrough on line 22 on anenlarged scale;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a modified form showing a single-endedclothespin; and
Figure 4 is an enlarged longitudinal section on line 44 of Figure 3.
In Figures 1 and 2 there is illustrated a double-ended clothespinincluding elongated, oppositely but identically formed clamping members10, 12 including midlength 2,871,538 Patented Feb. 3, 1959 portions 14,16 respectively having fiat, contacting inner faces. Portion 14 isintegral with elongated clamping arms 18, 18 extending in oppositedirections from the portion 14, while portion 16 is correspondingly madeintegral with elongated clamping arms 20, 20. In the outer surfaces ofthe arms 18 there are formed longi- {tudinally extending, shallowrecesses 22, 22, similar recesses 24 being formed in the respective arms20.
As will be seen from Figure 2, the several longitudinal recesses areincreased progressively in depth from their inner outer ends, so thatthe bottom walls of the recesses lie in planes inclined slightly out ofalignment with the main or general planes of their associated clampingmembers.
A pair of identically but oppositely formed leaf springs 26, 28 isprovided upon the clothespin, and medially between their ends, saidsprings are anchored by transversely extending pins 30 through themidlength portions 14, 16. The pins are spaced closely apartlongitudinally of the clothespin, and extend through aligned openings ofthe respective clamping members, thus to not only anchor the springs totheir associated clamping members, but also to anchor the clampingmembers to each other medially between the ends of the clothespin.
From the location at which the members are anchored to each other, therespective clamping arms are spaced apart, to provide a slot-like recessopening inwardly from each of the opposite ends of the clothespin,adapted to receive a garment or other article to be gripped between theclamping arms. At the inner ends of the articleice receiving spaced,shallow, concaved recesses are formed in the inner surfaces of therespective clamping arms, defining elliptically shaped enlarged portions32 of the slot-like recesses 34 into which the articles are inserted.The enlarged portions adapt the clothespin for clamping engagement withthe thickened portions of the gripped articles, as for example, the hemsof various garments, and said thickened portions are effectively grippedwithout placing undue pressure upon the clothespin in a manner such aswould tend to split the same. a
In the outer ends of the slot-like recesses 34, the clamping arms arebeveled so as to define tapering throats 36 of said recesses,facilitating insertion of a cl-o-thesline and of the articles to beclamped.
As will be noted from Figure 2, the end portions of the springs areinclined obliquely to the bottom walls of the recesses, with the springsbeing disposed out of the recesses adjacent the points at which they arefixedly connected to the respective members 10, 12.
This arrangement results in the free ends of the springs being disposeda minimum distance away from the walls of the slot-like,article-receiving recesses 34. Further, said springs are so tensioned asto cause the free ends thereof to exert a continuous, resilientlyyielding pressure on the free end portions of the clamping arms, tendingto bias said arms toward each other, whereby to provide a highlyefficient clamping action upon the fabric articles.
In Figures 3 and 4 there is shown a modification which structurally andfunctionally is similar to the first form. However, the modificationprovides a single-ended clothespin, with the clamping members beingintegrally connected at one end of the pin as at 14a. The clampingmembers in this form of the invention have been designated at 18a, 20arespectively, and formed in the outer surfaces thereof are longitudinalrecesses 22a, 24a respectively, receiving leaf springs 26a, 28arespectively.
The leaf springs have one end anchored to the clamping memebrs, at thelocation of the integral connection of the clamping members to eachother, by means of a single pin 30a.
Defined between the clamping members is a slot-like recess 34a, theinner end of which has an enlarged portion 32a of elliptical shape, torthe same purpose as the enlarged portions 32 of the -first form of theinvention. The outerend of the slot-like openings 34a mergesinto atapered throat 36a, facilitating insertion of the clothesline and .thearticles to be gripped by the clothespin.
In this form of the invention, as in the first form, the springs,adjacent .the points to which they are anchored to the clamping members,are offset outwardly, to be disposed .exteriorly of the associatedrecesses 22a, 24a. Further, as in the first form, the springs areoppositely inclined obliquely to the planes of their associated clampingmembers, with the free ends of the springs exerting .a continuouspressure against the tree end portions of the clamping members tendingto bias said clamping members in a transverse direction toward eachother for effectively gripping the fabric articles.
A common characteristic may be noted in both forms of the invention. Theclothespin is not of the snap-on type, and a space is provided thereinparticularly adapted to accommodate heavy hems. Said space further aidsin preventing splitting of the clothespin while the flat or leaf springsare so arranged as to maintain pressure near each of the throats of theclothespin. This increases the grip of the clothespinupon the articleand prevents spreading of the article-receiving space while alsoincreasing the strength of the clothespin. No necessity for manualadjustment of any of the parts is required, with these characteristicsof the device inherent in the same, due to the particular formation,relative arrangement, and points of connection of the severalcomponents.
It is believed apparent that the invention is not necessarily confinedto the specific use or uses thereof -described above, since it may beutilized for any purpose to which it may be suited. Nor is the inventionto be necessarily limited to the specific construction illustrated anddescribed, since such construction is only intended to be illustrativeof the principles, it being considered that the invention comprehendsany minor change in construction that may be permitted within the scopeof the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
A clothespin comprising at least one pair of elongated clamping membersdisposed in face-to-face contact at least at one location along thelength thereof; at least one pin headed at its opposite ends andextending transversely of the members at said location to rigidlyconnect the members to each other in said face-contacting relation, theheads at opposite ends of the pin being disposed in close proximity tothe outer surfaces of said members at said location, said membersextending in laterally spaced, normally parallel relation from alocation adjacent their fixed connection, defining therebetween anelongated, article-receiving slot open at one end, said members havingouter surfaces formedwith shallow longitudinal recesses extending fromthe location of said connection to locations adjacent said one end ofthe slot, said recesses, at the second named locations, having end Wallsextending transversely of the respective members; and a pair of leafsprings one end of which is disposed in face-contacting relation to saidouter surfaces of the members, at the location of said pin, said leafsprings being tightly clamped between said outer surfaces and therespective heads of the pin, so as to be fixedly anchored to therespective members at said one end of :the :leaf springs .by the pin,said springs extending within the recesses and slidably contacting themembers at the other ends of the springs, the springs being ;tensioned:at said other ends thereof to resiliently, yieldably oppose spreadingof the members from their normal parallel relation, said other ends ofthe springs, in the normal relation of the members, being spacedlongitudinally of the recesses from said end walls and moving toward theend walls into engagement therewith on spreading of the members, so asto limit the members against being spread beyond a predetermined extent.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTSAustralia Sept. 20, 1933
| 2024-03-22 | 1956-05-04 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
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"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1959-02-03"
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US-177047D-A | meeeick
J.WHYSALL,J1-.& C. M .MERRICK.
MACHINE FOR SHEARING HORSESHOE NAILS.
No.177,047 Patented May2,1876
0 FIG; 4. f
JoawuYsALL, JR, AND CHARLES M. MERRIOK, OF NEW BRIGHTON, PA.
IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR SHEARlNG HORSESHOE-NAILS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 177,047, dated May 2,1876; application filed February 25, 1876.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, JoB WIIYsALL, Jr., and CHARLES M. MERRIGK, of NewBrighton, Beaver county, Pennsylvania, have invented certainImprovements in Machines for Shearing Horseshoe-N ails, of which thefollowing is the specification:
The object of our invention is to rapidly and uniformly shear thesurplus metal from the sides of horseshoe-nail blanks, which have beenotherwise previously finished,'by the combination, in ashearing-machine, of a vibrating or movable plunger having dies insertedand secured therein, a stationary dieshaped to correspond with the pointof the nail desired when sheared,a guide to present the nail centralupon the stationary die, a gage to regulate the length of the nail, anda passage or opening through which the cuttings drop naturall y andentirely clear of the dies.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of our machine; Fig.2, a sectionalelevation on the dotted line arm, Fig. 1; Fig. 3, an enlarged end viewof the slide, with the dies removed; and Fig. 4, a detached perspectiveview.
A is the frame of the machine, consisting of a pedestal, h, andoverhanging arm h, the latter being provided with bearings for thecrankshaft 0 and slotted to receive the slide or plunger B, which isconfined by the cap-plate D which is secured to the frame A by screws a.A bracket, L, bolted to the front of the slide B, extends over andretains in contact with the top of the slide a divided sliding box, K,receiving the eccen trie portion cot the cran kshaft 0. Plate badjustable by set-screws a a, bears upon one side of the slide B andserves to take up wear or lost motion." at the lower end, has slots d dto receive the cutters or dies D D which slots are wider apart at thetop end than at the bottom, with a stationary tongue, 6, between, asclearly shown in Fig. 1, so as to give clearance to the nail aftershearing. This is a very important matter, as otherwise the nail willnot be free after being sheared, but will stick in the dies, and likelybe bent out of shape. These slots also converge toward the back end ofthe slide to give the proper inclination to'the cutters for impartingthe points to the nails. Setscrews f f serve to secure the cutters afterThe slide B,
adjustment. By thus slotting the plunger and inserting the dies in twoseparate pieces we are enabled to use straight or slightly-curved piecesof steel, of just the size required,which pieces are easily removed forgrinding or renewal,,and may be adjusted longitudinally by insertingfilling-pieces above them. D is-a stationary die or anvil of a shape toconform to the point of the nail, and an exact counterpart of the spacebetween the cutting-edges of the dies D l) of the slide B,and is, inlike manner, secured by set-screws ff in the slot (1 of a bed-plate,E,-bolted to the pedestal. A forked plate, G, is bolted to the front andextends beyond the lower end of the slide, the arms 1' i of the forkspreading outward at the bottom, for a purpose described hereafter; and
to a stud. g, at the front of the standard E, is bolted an adjustableplate, F, having a recess, a, open toward the under side. The dies orcutters D D are so adjusted that their lower shearing-edges shall, asthe slide descends, pass parallel to, in close contact with, theinclined faces of the anvil.
The nail blank to be sheared is passed through the recess a in the plateF until its head bears against the side of the plate,which serves as agage to determine the position of the shank upon the anvil D as shown inFig. 2. Upon a rotary motion being imparted to the crank-shaft the boxK, confined vertically between the end of the slide B and theoverhanging arm of the bracket L, will slide longitudinally as the crankimparts a vertical reciprocating movement to the slide. Upon the descentof the cutters the blank will be straddled by the arms of the plate G,and will be centered and held by the latter and by the gage-plateF inits position upon the anvil, between the inclined faces of which and thecutters D I) the sides of the blank are then sheared, imparting thetapering point to the shank and forming the nail.
Inasmuch as the nail-blank is held stationary in a horizontal position,the cuttings are carried downward by the cutters away from the dies,through the opening M, into any suitable receptacle below, instead ofremaining to clog and impede the operation of the machine, asheretofore. A cleaner cut is also produced than when the nail-blank isforced through an opening in a die-plate, and greater facility ofsharpening, adjusting, and repairing the dies is afforded.
The gage-plates F G. serve to adjust and retain the blanks securelywithout interfering shearing-edges descend below the face of the anvil,so that the blank cannot be jammed between them. 1
By the arrangement of the independent cutter-plates in separate openingsor slots d d names to this specification in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.
great simplicity of construction and accuracy of adjustment are secured,either cutter being readily removed and replaced for sharpening andrepairs without disturbing the other.
We clai.m
1. In a shearing-machine, the slide B, having slots d d, and anintermediate stationary 1 projection, e, to the opposite sides of whichthe j detach ableeutters D D? are clamped, whereby each cutter may beadjusted independently as set forth.
2. Theslide having slots d d, inclined toward each other, intersectingat the rear,witb a sta- V tionarytongue, 6, between, and adapted toreceive independent detachable cutters D D as set forth.
3. The combination, with the: stationary die, of the stationary plate Fand the forked plate G, secured to the slide, substantially as and 1 forthe purpose set forth.
In testimony whereof we have signed our JOB, WHYSALL, J UN. G. M.MERRICK. Witnesses:
CHARLES E. Eos'rnn, COURTNEY A. COOPER.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1876-05-02"
} |
US-1907401143-A | Sunbonnet.
No. 877,029. PATBNTED JAN. 21, 1908.
' c. E. YOUNT, s3.
SUN BONNET.
APPLICATION FILED NOV. 7. 1907.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2' FIG4.
l vihwaaeo V J atmmuz MMW 3W 7n: NORRIS PETERS 60-. vulsnlnm'orl n. c.
CHARLES E. YOUNT, SR.,-OF HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
SUNBONNET.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Jan. 21, 1908.
Application filed November 7.1907v Serial No. 401.143.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that 1, CHARLES E. YoUNT, Sr. a citizen of the United Statesof America, and a resident of Harrisburg, in the State of Pennsylvania,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Sunbonnets, of which thefollowing is a specification.
This invention is additional to the improvement in sunbonnets set forthand claimed in my specification forming part of Letters Patent No.833,950 dated October 23, 1906, and the present invention consists in \acertain novel combination of peculiarly constructed parts hereinafterdescribed and claimed.
In common with said patented improvement the leading objects of thepresent in vention are to adapt the sunbonnet to be effectivelylaundered before and after use; to adapt the same to be packed flat forstorage and shipment whereby a great saving in paper boxes,'woodenpacking cases, freight and carta'ge is effected to adapt the sunbonnetto be held in the shape in which it is worn by a single draw stringoccupying a straight pocket in the puff portion of the article; towholly dispense with detachable parts and open seams with theirfastenings, and especlally with hooks and eyes and the like, so as toavoid the production of rust spots; and to obviate the employment ofelastics, which are liable to become permanently inoperative, and areobjectionable because of their pressure upon the head.
The leading object which distinguishes the present invention is toprovide for securing the advantages above stated in a sunbonnet, thecrown portion of which has a straight rear edge instead of the concaverear edge of the crescent-shaped crown portion which is the leadingfeature of the patented improvement.
I am thus enabled to make a sunbonnet ada ted to be readily laundered,to be pac ed flat, etc. and which at the same time when drawn to shapeby its single draw 7 string more closely embraces the face so as toafford better protection against the sun, the top of the crown portionwhen bent into shape being horizontal, and its rear edge vertical ascompared with the oblique lines of the patented sunbonnet.
Other objects will be set forth in the general description whichfollows.
Two sheets of drawings accompany this specification as part thereof.
Figure 1 is a front view of the sunbonnet as flattened and folded inpacking the same for shipment or for storage; Fig. 2 is a back view ofthe same in its flattened condition but unfolded Fig. 3 is a side viewof the sunbonnet in the shape in which it is worn; and Figs. 4 and 5represent the patterns of the crown portion and puff portionrespectively.
Like reference characters refer to like parts in all the figures.
The improved sunbonnet includes a relatively stiff or stiifenable crownportion, a, that has a straight rear edge, a, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3and 4, and may otherwise be of any knownor improved shape. The otherprincipal part of the sunbonnet is a puff portion, I), having arelatively long convex edge, I), which is shortened by gathers to thelength of said straight edge, and is then securely sewed to saidstraight edge at all points; the gathers serving to produce the requiredfullness of the puff portion, indicated in Figs. 2 and 3. A capeportion, 0, may be and preferably is formed in one part with said puffportion 1) as heretofore. Said convex edge I) is of the extent indicatedby the notches 1 and 2 in the pattern, Fig. 5. Sufficient material inline with said notches 1 and 2 is doubled upon itself to form a drawingstring pocket, d, within which a drawing string dis secured at one end,said pocket extending from one lateral extremity of the crown portion ato the other as indicated in Fig. 1. By further confining the gathers toa portion of the convex edge, I), as indicated by the other pair ofnotches shown at 3 and 4 in Fig. 5, more fullness may be located in thetop of the puff, leaving portions at the sides of the puff plain. Theonly other characteristic of the crown portion 1) which needs to bepointed out is that it corresponds in width with the length of the crownportion a from one lateral extremity to the other.
The crown portion a is intended to be made with or without a ruffle, c.When there is a ruffle, as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the puff portion tor itscape end, at least, is preferably and conveniently made wide enough toextend to the lateral extremities of the rufile, as 1n Fig. 2.
A pair of strings, f and g, securely fastened at the lateral edges ofthe crown portion a as in Fig. 1, provide for tying the bonnet under thechin, and a second pair of strings, h and t, securely fastened in theseam that unites the crown and puff portions, a and b, on the outer sideof the bonnet, asin Fig. 2, are preferably addedto be tied between thepuff and the cape after the bonnet is drawn into shape for the 'head asin Fig. 3.
, Either or both pairs of the strings, f, g and 71 i, may be omitted;and other like modifications in details and in shape will suggestthemselves to those skilled in the art-r Having thus described saidimprovement, I claim as my invention and desire to patent under thisspecification:
A launderable sunbonnet including a stiff crown portion having astraight rear edge, a relatively soft puff portion having a relativelylong convex edge which is shortened bygathers to fit said strai ht edgeand to give the puff the required fullness, and is insepsmear;
arably attached at all points to said straight edge, said pufl portionbeing further provided with a draw-strin pocket substantially in linewith said straight edge when the bonnet is flattened and folded, and adraw string within said pocket by tightening which the bonnet is drawninto shape, while by loosening the draw string the bonnet is adapted tobe readily laundered or to be fiattened and folded within a contractedspace for storage and shipment, substantially as hereinbefore specified.
CHARLES E. YOUNT, SR.
Witnesses:
H. H. FREEBURN, GEO. L. WINGEARD.
| 2024-03-22 | 1907-11-07 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
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"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1908-01-21"
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US-37543D-A | Improvement in machinery for cutting corks and bungs
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JEDEDIAH LEAvENs, 0E NOEWTGH,CoNN.,ADMINIsTEA1-on 0E TEE EsTATE 0E WM.E. cEoeKEE, LATE 0E SAID PLACE, Now nEcEAsED.
IMPROVEMENT'IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING CORKS AND BUNGS.
Specication forming part of Letters Patent No. 37,543, dated January 27,1863.
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that WILLIAM. R. GEocKEE, late of Norwich, in the county ofNew London and State of Connecticut, did invent certain new and usefulImprovements in Machines for Outtin g Corks, Bungs, and other Articles;
and it is hereby declared that the same are described and represented inthe following specification and .accompanying drawings, in which- YFigure 1 is a perspective view of the front of the machine, and Fig. 2an elevation of one end.
LThe nature of lthis invention consists in combining with a rotatingknife certain devices for taking the corks from a feeding-wheel andcarrying them endwise to the knife, which cuts them straight or tapering,as required, and then they are retunned to the feeding-wheel; and in afeeding-wheel'which carries the corks to the gripping-spindles andreceives the corks from the spindles after they are out; also, incertain mechanism for turning and holding the feeding-wheelautomatically.
In the accompanying drawings,A A are' the posts of the frame of themachine, connected `by the girdersA A, which posts and grders areconnected by the bars A2 A2, making a strong frame, to which the otherparts of the machine are fastened or connected.
C is an upright shaft turning in the sereniV V and in a box fastene tothe bar A2. This shaft is turned to operate the machine bya hand fromsome power to the pulley E. The disks C' C' on the shaft (l clamp andcarry the knife D, which cuts the corks D'.
F is aband from the shaft G to the pulley F on the shaft F2, which turnsinthe girder A and bar A3, and carries the gear G, which turns thefgea Hand shaft I, which turns in the bars A3 A, and carries the pulley I' andbaudf, which carries vthe pulley g and gear a, which turn loose on theshaft d, which shaft turns in' the posts J J in the bar M, which isadjusted by screw-nuts on thestands N N, fast ened in the frame A. Thegear c carries the gear b and spindle e, with a toothed head, to holdand turn the cork while it is cut. The gear a also turns the gear c andshaft l, whichk turns in arms from the posts J J and carries a secondgear, like c, which turns the gear a and l han d' and the gear b'andspinfne e' with the same velocity that the spindle e is turned. The
shaft d' and spindle e both turn in the posts J J, Fignl, and thespindle e is made small at h, to hold the small end of small corks with-D, and ,o the end i of the spindle is toothed to hold and out coming invcontact with the knife turn thecork. The bar B is fastened'to the postsA', and has the bolt u passing through it, on which the lever Uvibrates, being carried b'y the grooved cam T on the shaft I, act? ingon the pin u iu the lever U, which works in the grooved 'collar n kn andtraverses the spindle e, to feed the corks to the knife D. The spindle eyields as the cork Dl is pressed' against it, raising the weight P2,which acts on the sliding spindle m, to press the spindles forward,which stops when the collar z-comes to the post J, and prevents the endof the spindle from entering the scores in the feedwheel L, and releasesthe cork after it is cut, v-
and lets it fall into the score in the feedwheel from which it wastaken. The shaft d turns loose .in the pulley g and gear a, and carriesthe feeding-wheel L, which is fastened to it.
This shaft is turned by the ratchet K, fastened to the opposite end, andmoved by pawl P, which is carried by the crank-pinP in the disk R on theshaft-I, and to hold the ratchet and feed-wheel still while the cork is'being cut a dog, Q, is fastened to the stand S, which is supported bythe post J. This dog is pressed 'into the ratchet'by the spring X, andlraised out of it, at a proper time, by the pin r in the pawl P, whichacts on an inclined plane on the l side of the dog. The stand Mlis'fastened to the bar M, andV extends up bythe side of the feed-wheel,to prevent the corks from being pushed so far through as to strike theend 43" of the spindle as the feedwheel is turned.- The spring N isfastened to the bar A2,to hold the corks in the feed-wheel until thespindle'- heads grasp them firmly. A pin maybe put in the side of thelever U, to push the corks out-of the feed-wheel afterthey are finished;or they may be' allowed to fall out of the under side of the wheel as itturns. A series of feed-wheels may be provided with scores of dierentsizes, adapted to the corks to be cut.
The operator takes the corks, which have been out circular by themachine patented to said Wm. R. Crocker in 1855, No. 13,714, and placesthem in the scores in the fceduvhecl L,
which carries them up between the spindleheads 'i and i', when thespindle c, traversed by the lever U,' moves the o'rk D againstspindlehead i', so as to grip it rmyand'turu it rapidly. and cerry it incontact with the knife I), which cuts it smooth, either tapering,r orstraight, esmay berequired, at the rate of twenty-five or thirty corksper minute, when they are returned to the feed-wheel, which is movedforward, and the next cork is gripped and cut in the same manner. `Theknife D muy be adjusted higher or lower by turning the screw V, and thebar M may be adjusted higher or lower by the nuts on /the stands N N, toeut'J large or small corks, and to cut them straight the bar M should beparallel with the plane of the kr1if`e,`and to cut thcm tapering orconical the let'thand end of the bar should be placed highest.
I believe I have described and represented ,the mechanism described, orits equivalent, for
turning and holding the feeding-wheel.
JEDEDIAH LEAVENS, Administrator of the estate of W. 15. Crocker.
Witnesses:
H. L. READ, JESSE D. Noms, 2d.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
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"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1863-01-27"
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US-61348767-A | Document inverting apparatus
Dec. 17, 1968 M. K. BECKMAN, JR. ETAL 3,416,791
DOCUMENT INVERT ING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 2, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 A TTOR/VEV Dec. 17, 1968 DOCUMENT INVERT ING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2'Filed Feb.
:3 A m .25 z W JI n F s fi 1 IIIWI, B he s W I, I IN wHwWWIIIW W ATTon/v5? C- 1968 M. K. BECKMAN, JR.. ETAL 3, v
7 DOCUMENT INVERTING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 2, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG.3
' INVENT MAYNARD K. BECKMQW JR.
RICHARD S. MUKA 'A TTOR/VEV 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORY MAYNARD K.BECKMAN JR.
RICHARD S. MUKA Q a ATTORNEY N0 90 N Q M. K. BECKMAN, JR. ETAL DOCUMENTINVERTING APPARATUS Dec. 17, 1968 Filed Feb. 2, 1967 United StatesPatent 3,416,791 DOCUMENT INVERTING APPARATUS Maynard K. Beckrnan, Jr.,and Richard S. Muka, Rochester, N.Y. assignors to Xerox Corporation,Rochester, N .Y., a corporation of New York Filed Feb. 2, 1967, Ser. No.613,487 2 Claims. (Cl. 271-65) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Apparatus forselectively inverting the facing position of a conveyed document inwhich a document is inserted into a receiving chute from the normal pathof travel, leading edge first, and withdrawn therefrom into the normalpath of travel with the trailing edge becoming the leading edge. Adocument thus inverted is deflected into the receiving chute by apivotal member selectively positioned to project into the normal path oftravel. The document is withdrawn from the receiving chute and insertedinto the normal path of travel by a rotating friction roller whichprojects into the chute and contact rollers movable into the chute tohold the document in engagement with the friction roller. Movement ofthe contact rollers is effected by a solenoid through a linkagearrangement in response to a sensing unit detecting a leading edge of adocument in the chute at a predetermined position.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to materialhandling devices and more particularly to apparatus for inverting thefacing position of a conveyed document.
In material handling operations, it sometimes becomes desirable ornecessary to reverse the facing position of the conveyed article. Thisis especially true in cases where the conveyed articles comprisedocuments or other record media. For example, in some printingoperations it may be necessary to print upon one side of the recordmedium during a first run and on the opposite side of the medium duringa second run. Depending upon the types of feeding and stacking apparatusbeing utilized, it may therefore be necessary to manually re-arrange theorder of the record medium prior to commencing a run to insure printingin the proper sequence. To eliminate the need for manually re-arrangingthe order of the record medium would result in time saved and reducedcost in the operation.
In other situations, such as copying or reproducing machines forexample, it is highly desirable at the end of a copying operation tohave the originals and copies stacked in a particular sequential orderirrespective of the initial sequence of the originals. In most machinesthe order in which both originals and duplicates are delivered to therespective receiving stations is wholly dependent upon the initialsequence of the originals. That is, if a stack of documents enter themachine in a particular order, the documents coming from the machinewill be stacked in a particular order dependent upon the enteringsequential order. It would therefore be advantageous to have a copyingmachine which supplied the originals or copies in a selected orderindependent of the order in which the originals entered the machine.
This is especially true where copies are to be made from large stacks ofdocuments such as fan folded computer forms, for example. Fan foldedforms consist of continuous web material which is folded in a zigzagmanner into a stack. At times, the quantity of material being utilizedis quite large, yielding very large and heavy stacks which arecumbersome and difiicult to handle.
In machines designed for copying such forms, one end of the web materialis placed in the advancing mechanism of the copying machine and copiesare produced of successive forms as the web is advanced. In suchmachines sorters or stackers may be provided for stacking the copiesproduced in a particular order. However, the order obtained is dependentupon the order in which the Web is initially started in the machine. Forexample, in a particular operation, if the first form on the web isinitially started in the machine, a stack of correctly oriented copieswill be obtained With the copies arranged in consecutive ascendingnumerical order beginning with the first form. However, if the last formon the web is initially started in the machine first, the stack ofcopies obtained will not be correctly oriented and will be arranged inconsecutive descending numerical order beginning with the last form. Inthe latter instance, the operator must therefore manually rearrange allof the copies in sequence to obtain the proper numerical order with thecorrect orientation. It is therefore highly desirable to be able in oneinstance to feed the web into the machine from the end having the firstform thereat and receive copies correctly oriented in consecutiveascending numerical order from the beginning and in the next instance tofeed the web into the machine from the end having the last form thereatand still receive copies correctly oriented in consecutive ascendingnumerical order from the beginning. This may be accomplished byproviding a document inverter in the copying machine which selectivelyinverts or overturns documents at some point before reaching the sorteror stacker.
Summary of the invention Accordingly, it is an object of the inventionto invert the facing position of conveyed documents.
Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus which invertsthe facing position of conveyed documents.
Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus whichselectively inverts the facing position of conveyed documents.
Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus for selectivelyinverting the facing position of conveyed documents by inserting thedocuments from the normal path of travel into a receiving chute, leadingedge first, and Withdrawing the documents from the receiving chute intothe normal path of travel trailing edge first.
Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus adapted for usein copying machines whereby stacks of copies may be obtained from amachine independent of the order in which original documents are fedinto the machine.
These and other objects are attained by providing means forming analternate path of travel diverging from a normal path of travel, meansfor deflecting a conveyed document from the normal path of travel intothe alternate path of travel, sensing means for detecting a document inthe alternate path of travel, and means responsive to the sensing meansfor returning a document from the alternate path of travel to the normalpath of travel in a reversed orientation. Other objects of the inventionwill become readily apparent to those skilled in the art in view of thefollowing detailed disclosure and description thereof especially whenread in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 is a longitudinal crosssectional view of a document transport mechanism illustrating thedocument inverting apparatus.
FIG. 2 is an end view of the document inverting apparatus as viewed fromthe right in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an end view of the document inverting apparatus taken alongthe lines 33 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a top cross-sectional view of the document inverting apparatustaken along the lines 4-4 of FIG. 1.
Description of .the preferred embodiments Referring to FIG. 1, thedocument inverting apparatus is particularly adapted for use inconnection with the paper transport system of a copying machine. Asshown therein, copies after being produced enter the transport mechanismat and are transported from the copy making apparatus in the directionof the arrows to a sorter or stacker. A copy entering the transportmechanism is directed to pass between the first in a series of feedrollers 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 and contact rollers 15, 17, 19, 21 and 23.Feed rollers 14, 16, 1 8, 20 and 22 are rotatably mounted along thedocument feed path and driven by a motor generally designated MOT-1. Inthe particular arrangement illustrated MOT-1 drives a pulley rotatablymounted on stud shaft 9 and connected to side frame 7 via flexible drivebelt 12. A second flexible drive belt 13 passes over pulley 11 mountedon stud shaft 9 and connected with pulley 10 which drives feed rollers14, 16, 18, and 22. Flexible drive belt 13 passes over a plurality ofidler pulleys 26 positioned to provide sufficient frictional contactbetween drive belt 13 and the drive rollers and to provide propertension in the belt.
Contact rollers 15, 17, 19, 21 and 23 are pivotally mounted a boutshafts 24 located above the document feed path and resiliently biasedinto contact with the respective feed rollers via springs 25.
Paper guide plates 45 are positioned between feed rollers 14 and 16, 18and 2t), and 20 and 22 to guide and support a conveyed document betweenthe respective feed rollers.
A pivotal member pivoted about shaft 31 and having a fiat extendedsurface 32 is positioned between feed rolls 16 and 18 adjacent thedocument feed path. Pivotal member 30 is movable from a first positionin which flat surface 32 is parallel to and substantially aligned withpaper guide plates 45, to a second position as shown in FIG. 1, thepurpose of which will hereinafter be more fully explained.
A second pivotal member 40 pivoted about shaft 41 and having a fiatextended surface 42 is positioned after feed roller 22 adjacent thedocument feed path and is movable from a first position in which flatsurface 42 is parallel to and substantially aligned with paper guideplates 45 to a second position as shown in FIG. 1.
With pivotal member 30 in the first aforementioned position, a documententering the transport mechanism passes between feed roller 14 and guiderollers 15, thence advanced over guide plate 45 to pass between feed roler 16 and contact rollers 17, thence advanced over the flat surface 32of pivotal member 30 to feed roller 18 and so on until passing betweenfeed roller 22 and contact rollers 23. At this point, with pivotalmember 40 in the first aforementioned position the document would beadvanced over flat surface 42 to a document sorting apparatus (notshown). With pivotal member 40 in the second position as shown in FIG.1, the document is deflected downwardly by pivotal member 40 betweenguide plates 44 and 47 and discharged into catch bin 46.
Pivotal member 30 comprising a portion of the document invertingapparatus may be positioned between the two aforementioned positions bymanually operated apparatus selectively positioned by the machineoperator or by automatic or semi-automatic apparatus selected by themachine operator. Pivotal member 30 may preferably have a general crosssectional configuration as shown in FIG. 1 with a first curveddeflecting surface 33 spaced slightly from but conforming to the samegeneral curvature of feed roller 16 and a second deflecting surface 34likewise curved but to a somewhat different degree and spaced furtherfrom feed roller 18 to facilitate operating clearances.
A receiving chute 50 forms a closed path of travel for documentsdivergent from the path of travel through which a conveyed documentwould normally follow in the transport system. Receiving chute 50comprises a pair of flat plates -51 and 52 generally parallelly spacedfrom each other and extending downwardly from feed rollers 16 and 18.Plate 52 preferably comprises a straight flat surface throughout itslength and is tangentially aligned with feed roller 18. Plate 51 may becurved at the upper end thereof to align tangentially with feed roller16 forming a widened throat for receiving chute 50. A second pair ofplates 53 and 54 connected between plates 51 and 52 form the sideenclosures for receiving chute 50. The lower end of chute 50 may beclosed by a curved end plate 55 connected to side plates 53 and 54 andfiat plates 51 and 52.
A sensing unit generally designated 58 is located near the lower end ofchute 50 for sensing the leading edge of a document contained therein.Sensing unit 58 may comprise a photodetector cell 56 and a light source57 as illustrated in FIG. 1. Photodetector cell 56 is connected to asolenoid unit generally designated MOT-2 whereby upon detection of aleading edge of a document in chute 50 solenoid MOT-2 is activated aswill be hereinafter more fully explained.
A document retracting roller 60 is rotatably mounted at one side ofreceiving chute 50 on shaft 61 which extends between side frames 7 and 8of the transport mechanism. Retracting roller 60 is mounted with thesurface thereof in close proximity to and parallel with flat plate 52.Friction members 62 positioned on retracting roller 60 project throughsuitably positioned cutouts in flat plate 52 and extend into receivingchute 50. Retracting roller 60 and friction members 62 are driven in atimed relationship with the transport mechanism via flexible drive belt64 connected to feed roller 18 and passing over idler pulley '63 whichis rotatably mounted on side frame 8 of the transport system.
A contact roller assembly is pivotally mounted at the side of receivingchute 50 opposite from retracting roller 60. Shaft 65 is mountedparallel to flat plate 51 between side frames 7 and 8 of the transportsystem. Roller frame 66 is pivotally mounted on shaft 65 and carries asecond shaft 67 at the upper ends thereof parallel to flat plate 51.Contact rollers 68 rotatably mounted on shaft 67 are aligned withfriction members 62 on retracting roller 60. Solenoid, MOT-2, isconnected to end frame 6 of the transport system via mounting bracket69. Armature 71 of solenoid MOT-2 is connected to the lower end ofroller frame 66 via pivot pin 72 in frame projection 73. An armaturelimiting plate 70 connected to solenoid MOT-2 extends into the path ofmovement of armature 71 for limiting the displacement of armature 71 inthe direction to the left, as viewed in FIG. 1. Armature 71 in thede-energized state is normally biased against limit plate 70 by a spring74. Upon energization of solenoid MOT-2 rollers 68 are moved throughsuitably arranged cutouts in flat plate 51 into chute 50 by frameassembly 66 to contact friction members 62 on retracting roller 60. Uponde-energization of solenoid MOT-2 rollers 68 are withdrawn from chute 50by the bias normally acting against armature 71.
Thus, it may be seen that to invert the facing position of a documententering at 5 in the normal path of travel of the transport mechanism,pivotal member 30 is positioned as shown in FIG. 1 As a document havingthe information thereon facing upwardly as viewed in FIG. 1, passesbetween feed roller 16 and contact rollers 17, it is deflecteddownwardly by the curved surface 33 of pivotal member 30 which extendsinto the normal path of travel. As the document is advanced by feedroller 16, the leading edge passes into the throat and downwardly intothe receiving chute 50. When the leading edge of the deflected documentreaches sensing unit 56, interrupting the beam from light source 57,solenoid MOT-2 is activated by the detected edge through thephotodetector cell 56 thereby pivoting frame assembly 66 and contactrollers 68 toward retracting roller 60. With the leading edge of adeflected document against end plate 55, the trailing edge extends aboveretracting roller 60 and contact rollers 68. Thus, as contact roller-s63 are moved to engage the frictional members 62. on rotating retractingroller 60, the deflected document is grasped between the respectiverollers and advanced upwardly. The edge of the document which hadformerly been the trailing edge thus now becomes the leading edge. Thisedge then engages the second curved surface 34 of pivotal member 30which deflects the edge toward the bites of feed roller 18 and contactrollers 19. As the edge passes between feed roller 18 and contactrollers 19, armature 71 of solenoid MOT2 is released by sensing unit 56and the document is pulled back into the normal path or" travel by thetransport mechanism, the information now on the document facingdownwardly as viewed in FIG. 1.
Thus, if an operator wishes to make copies from a series of fan foldedforms and the web is initially started in the copying machine beginningwith the first form on the web, the document inverter would not beutilized. The copies thus made, for example, would be transported acrossflat surface 32 of pivotal member 30 and subsequently deposited intocatch bin 46 with the information thereon facing downwardly, inascending order from the first document copied. After this operation,however, the fan folded web would be stacked with the last form at thetop of the stack. In a subsequent operation, the fan folded web materialmay be initially started in the machine with the last form first. Bypositioning pivotal member 30 in the deflecting position, the copiesthus made are inserted into the receiving chute 50 with the informationcontained thereon facing flat plate 52. By utilizing the documentinverter the copies are subsequently discharged into catch bin 46 withthe information contained thereon facing upwardly in descending orderfrom the first document copied.
Thus, in either case, at the end of an operation, a stack of copies isobtained which is arranged in ascending consecutive numerical order andwhich does not necessitate further arranging by the operator. Throughthis simple, yet eflective arrangement, a stack of copies may beobtained in a desired order independent of the order in which originaldocuments enter the machine.
While the invention has been described with reference to the structuredisclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth, and thisapplication is intended to cover such modifications or changes as maycome within the purposes of the improvements or the scope of thefollowing claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A document inverting apparatus adapted for use in document conveyingsystems having means defining a normal path of travel along which aconveyed document is advanced comprising,
a chute diverging from said normal path of travel for receiving adocument,
a pivotal member interposed adjacent the normal path of travel at theentrance to said chute and movable between document deflecting andnon-deflecting positions,
said pivotal member including a first projection extending into saidnormal path of travel when in a deflecting position for diverting theleading edge of a conveyed document from said normal path of travel intosaid chute and a second projection extending from said chute toward saidnormal path of travel for diverting the trailing edge of documents fromsaid receiving chute to said normal path of travel when said pivotalmember is in both the document deflecting and non-deflecting positions,
means for selectively positioning said pivotal member in said documentdeflecting and non-deflecting positions,
rotatable friction drive means at one side and extending into said chutefor removing a document therefrom in inverted orientation,
roller means at one side of said chute opposite said friction drivemeans and pivotably movable into said chute for holding a document incontact with said friction drive means,
sensing means for detecting a document at a predetermined position insaid chute, and
electromagnetic drive means operatively connected to said roller meansfor pivoting said roller means into said chute in response to thedetection of a document at said predetermined position therein by saidsensing means.
2. In a document conveying apparatus having means defining a normal pathof travel along which documents are advanced, a document invertingapparatus comprising,
a document receiving chute positioned along said normal path of traveland diverging therefrom to form an alternate dead end path,
a pivotal member positioned adjacent the normal path of travel at theentrance to said document receiving chute and movable between documentdeflecting and non-deflecting positions,
said pivotal member including a first deflecting surface extending intosaid normal path of travel when in a deflecting position forinterrupting advancement of a document along said normal path of traveland for diverting the leading edge of such interrupted documents fromsaid normal path into said receiving chute, and a second deflectingsurface extending from said receiving chute toward said normal path oftravel for diverting the trailing edge of such diverted documents fromsaid receiving chute into said normal path of travel when said pivotalmember is in both the document deflecting and non-deflecting positions,
means for selectively positioning said pivotal member in said documentdeflecting and non-deflecting positions,
first roller means at one side and extending into said chute forconveying documents from said chute toward said normal path of travel,
second roller means at one side of said chute opposite said first rollermeans pivotably movable into said chute to an operative positionengageable with said first roller means,
electromagnetic drive means for pivoting said second roller means intosaid chute to the operative position,
drive means operatively connecting said roller means when in theoperative position to advance documents from within said receiving chutetoward said normal path of travel, and
sensing means responsive to a document reaching a predetermined positionin said receiving chute for activating said electromagnetic drive meansengaging a document between said first roller means and said secondroller means whereby an engaged document is advanced from within saidreceiving chute into said normal path of travel in an inverted orientation.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,472,931 6/1949 Yohn. 2,901,2468/1959 Wagner 271 X EVON C. BLUNK, Primary Examiner.
R. J. HICKEY, Assistant Examiner.
U.S. Cl. X.R. 271-3
| 2024-03-22 | 1967-02-02 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1968-12-17"
} |
US-43750230-A | Graduated semielliptic spring
y 5, 3 w. s. ADAM? 1,804,300
GRADUATED SEMIELLIPTIG SPRING Filed March 20, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 May5, 1931.
w. s. ADAMS GRADUATED SEMI ELLIPTIC SPRING 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March20, 1930 4 auxiliary springs.
Patented May 5, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT oFrncE I WALTER S. ADAMS, FPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGN'OR TO THE 3. G. BRILL COMPANY, OFFHILADELIHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A. CORPORATION VANIA 0F PENNSYL- GRADUATEDSEMIELLIP'IIC SPRING Application filed March 20, 1930. Serial No.437,502.
This invention relates to car trucks, and more particularly to the cartrucks of street railway cars.
An important object of the invention is the provision in a car truckconstruction of spring means connecting the bolster and truck frame ofsuch character and so connected with the frame and the axles that agreater bearing of the journal box on the axle is obtained.-
A still further object of the invention is the provision of a structureof this character embodying primary and auxiliary springs at each sideof the truck, these springs being so arranged that the auxiliary springcarries no load during ordinary loading of the car and only comes intoplay when the car is loaded to a point approaching its maximum capacity.
A still further object of the invention is the provisionof a structurepreventing the trou les ordinarily occurring when the normalload-supporting spring breaks.
These and other objects I attain by the con-.
2 struction shown in the accompanying drawings wherein, for the' purposeof illustration, I have shown a preferred embodiment of my invention andwherein:
V Fig. 1 is a fragmentary ,plan view of a truck embodyin my invention;
Fig. 2 is a si e elevation thereof; and
Fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating the sprin mounting on thebolster.
Re erring'now more particularl to the drawings, the numeral 10 general ydesignates a truck bolster; 11, wheel axles; and 12, the journal boxesthereof. The journal boxes are made wider than in the ordinaryconstruction and are provided with a flat upper surface 13. Adjacenteach side thereof th bolster 10 is provided with ahorizontally-extending flat surface 14 providing a seat for a pair ofinverted semi-elliptic springs 15 and 16 hereinafter referred to as mamand 7 These springs, as in the usual construction, are centrally bandedat 17 and the surface 1* is recessed as at 18 to reeeivethasehands.
A yoke 19isprovided foreaeh bani;
II of springs 15 -16, this yoke being its inner end to the bolster as at.20, extending upwardly and over the spring 16 in spaced relationthereto and is then provided with a downwardly oflset portion 21abutting against the upper surface of the spring 15 to clamp thcsameagainstthe bolster. This end of the yoke is secured by bolts 22, andother bolts 23 preferably connect the yoke adjacent the offset with thebolster, these latter bolts passingbetween springs15 and 16. ends ofsprings15 and 16 seat uponthe journal boxes 12 between'outer faces 13thereofi and are held thereagainst by a superimpose plate 24, bolted tothe journal box by bolts 25 serving. to maintain the proper spacedrelation of the ends of springs 15 and 16 and.
to' hold these sprin s in proper alignment. It will be obvious tli atthe use of the air of springs provides a wider seating sur ace so that agreater bearing of-the journal box upon the axle is provided and thetendency to roper alignment is promoted. When spring 15 has beensufiiciently compressed, the spring 16 will engage against the undersurface of the portion 19 of the yoke and compression of this springwill begin, spring 16 from this point on complementing sprm 15 in itsaction. 7
Since the specific arrangement here1nbefore set forth is obviouslycapable of a considerable range of change and modification without inany spirit of understood as limiting myself thereto except ashereinafter claimed.
I claim:
1. In a car truck, spaced axles and an intermediate bolster, the axleshaving aligned journal boxes providing relatively wide seats upon theirupper sur aces, a pair of leaf springs arranged in side to side relationsecured at their ends to said journal boxes and at their centersoperatively engaging said bolster, one of said springs being rigidlyfixed to said bolster and means carried by the bolster and co-actingwith the other spring to engage and flex the said other spring when thebolster has been depressed to a predetermined extent against the actionof the first-named spring.
The outermanner departing from the my invention, I do not wish to be 7face of one of said springs and a second por- 2. A truck comprisingparallel axles having relatively wide faced journal boxes at oppositeends thereof and a pair of parallel leaf springs disposed at each sideof the truck and having their ends rigidly secured to the said journalboxes.
3. A truck comprising arallel axles having relatively wide faced journalboxes at opposite ends thereof, a pair of parallel leaf springs disposedat each side of the truck and having their ends rigidly secured to thesaid journal boxes, a bolster extending transversely of the truck at theapproximate center thereof, and means on said bolster engaging the uppersurface of one of said sprmgs and vertically-spaced from the uppersurface of the other of said springs.
4. A truck comprising (parallel axles having relatively wide facejournal boxes at opposite ends thereof, a pair of parallel leaf springsdisposed at each side of the truck and having their ends rigidly securedto the said journal boxes, and a bolster extending transversely of thetruck at the approximate center thereof, including a. member having aportion directly engaging the upper surtion vertically oflset withrelation to the first-named portion and extendin over the other of saidsprings in spaced relation thereto. a
5. In a car truck, spaced axles, an inter mediately disposed bolster anda pair of sprin 's connecting the axles adjacent each end thereof andsupported thereby, one of said springs at each side of the trucksupporting the bolsterunder normal loads, the
other of said syirings assisting to support the bolster under anormalloads and supporting the bolster in event of. breakage ofthefirstnamed springs, said springs each comprismg a leaf spring, the srings at each end of :1: axles being spaced ongitudinally of the WALTERs.
aaecsoo
| 2024-03-22 | 1930-03-20 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1931-05-05"
} |
US-55572522-A | Drier for photographic prints
June 5, 1923'.
1,457,451 W. H. MORGAN DRIER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS Filed April 20.1922 s Sheets-Sheet .1
W. H. MORGAN DRIER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS June 5, 1923. 1,457,451
Filed April 20. 1922 3; Sheets-Sheet 2 ,i'fiperfibr Wilberlb Emma]:
Z hisAHon W. H. MORGAN DRIER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS- June 5,
Filed April 20. 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 fuveniibr 'fifi lber' Z'EMO m.
rivals Patented June 5, 1923.
WILBERT H. MORGAN, F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
DRIER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS.
Application filed April 20, 1922. Serial No. 555,725.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WILBERT H. MORGAN, a citizen of the Dominion ofCanada, residing in Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Driers forPhotographic Prints, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates particularly to machines for drying prints, suchas photographic prints, blueprints, and the like, but some features ofmy invention may be embodiedin drying machines of other kinds. In myUnited States Patent No. 1,250,618 of Dec. 18, 1917, I have shown amachine for drying photographic prints in which two heated drums arearranged side by side andare traversed by two superimposed belts-or webswhich hold the prints between them and carry the prints around portionsof the drums. The belts are guided by adjustable guide rollers and meansis provided for adjustable imparting a suitable tension to the belts.Ihave found that superior results are obtained by arranging the heateddrums a short distance apart, one above the other, in such manner thatthe heat from the lower drum assists in heating the upper drum and theportions of the belt and the prints traversing the space between the twodrums. I have also found that in view of the length of the belts and thematerial of which they are made, it is necessary or desirable to providesome means for maintaining the proper alinement of the belts as theypass through the machine. In the machine shown in my former patent, thetension device is so constructed that it may be adjusted by ratchetmechanism but when so adjusted it is rigidly held. I have now found itdesirable to have such tension device yieldingly held sothat it mayautomatically adjust itself when required. Inasmuch as photographicprints usually bend or become curved when being dried and as it isdesirable that they should be as straight or fiat'aspossible, I haveprovided means whereby the prints are flattened to the desiredextentjust prior to their delivery to the tray which receives thefinished prints.
In carrying out my present invention I employ a frame of any suitableconstruction, and in the frame I mount one above the other and a shortdistance apart two drying drums which are heated by gas, gasoline,electricity, or other suitable heating medium. Two superimposed beltsare employed as heretofore and they are guided in such manner that atone point in the machine, printsmay be fed between them and at anotherpoint the prints may be discharged into a suitable tray or re- Theprints are arranged close together, one belt being superimposed upon theother from the receiving end of the carrier to the delivery end thereofand they pass around portions of the drums in a novel way. The belts arenot superimposed throughout their entire lengths, but are separated fora portion of their lengths and are guided in such manner as to return tothe feed end of the machine in proper relation.
ceiver.
In order that the desired tension in the machine.
a be imparted to the belts, guide rollers areyemployed mounted insuitable frames which are held under spring tension and in order tomaintain the alinement of the belts I provide devices which operate onthe opposite edge portions of the belts in such manner as to correct anytendency which they may have to leave the proper path of traversethrough In order that the belts may have a greater extentof surfaceapplied to the heating drums, I provide novel means for drawing towardseach other those portions of the belts disposed between the twodrums andwhich portions of the belts are exposed not only to the heat of the twodrums, but also to the drying effects of the atmosphere.
The device for flattening or straightening the prints preferablycomprises an adjustable roller which presses against the belts at theirdelivery end and imparts a curvature thereto of such nature as to bendthe prints reversely to their normal bend and thus correct their shape.Other features of the invention will be hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings Figure l is a side view of a print dryingmachine embodying my improvements.
Figure 2 is a detail view on an enlarged scale, partly in elevation andpartly in section on the line 22 of Figure l and showing particularlyhow one of the improved tension devices is constructed and mounted.
Figure 3 is a view on an enlarged scale in side elevation of the devicesfor guiding the delivery ends of the belts and for correcting the shapeof the prints before leaving the belts.
Figure lis a detail view on an enlarged scale and in section on the linel4 of Figure 1, showing particularly certain features of the devices forpreserving the alinements of the belts.
Figure 4: shows the parts in their normal position when the belt isrunning true.
Figure 5 is a plan view of the parts shown in Figure d.
Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 but illustrating how the devicesoperate when the belt tends to leave its normal path.
The main frame of the machine is preferably made for the most part ofchannel iron but other material may be employed. It consists of fouruprights A having feet a, horizontal bottom cross-pieces B connected tothe uprights A a short distance above their lower ends and inclinedcross-pieces C connected to one set of 111 rights at the up per endsthereof and to the other set of uprights a considerable distance belowtheir upper ends thus providing means above said inclined cross piecesfor supporting the belt driving and print delivery mechanism. Diagonalframe pieces D connected to two of the uprights at their junctions withthe cross pieces 33 are connected to the other set of uprights at theirjunction with the inclined cross pieces C. This form of frame is strongand durable and is the construction preferred although not essential.
The drums E and F are arranged one above the other with a space betweenthem. They may be constructed in any suitable way and are mounted toturn in hearings in the frame in manner shown. The ends of the drums areformed with ventilating openings f and man holes a, f. These drums maybe heated in any suitable way, preferably by gas or gasoline suppliedthrough pipes G provided with regulating cocks g.
is heretofore I employ two belts which are so supported and operated asto carry the prints to be dried into contact with the drawing drums andto deposit them in a suitable receptacle. The inner belt or the onewhich comes in direct contact with the drying drums is marked X. whilethe outer belt which holds the prints on the inner belt is marked Y. Theinner belt X passes from a tension roller J over a guide roller Kmounted between the cross-pieces C to the upper drum E and pressesagainst the lower side portion thereof on one side. It then passesthrough a guiding device L located between the drums, then into contactwith the lower drum around which it passes being in contact with all buta small portion of the surface thereof. The belt X next passes upthrough the guide device L into contact with one side of the drum E,then over an ad justable guide roller M, then around a guide roller N,then under the roller 0 of an alining device O and then to the tensionroller J. The outer belt Y passes from a guide roller P at the feed endof the machine over the roller K and follows the inner belt through theguide L around the lower drum F, around the drum E, and across theadjustable roller M, carried by the bracket a It then passes aroundanother guide roller R and over a roller S to a guide roller T locatedin the lower part of the frame. It then passes through an alining deviceU, under a guide roller V, through the tension device V and back to theguide roller P. It will be observed that the guide L, located in thespace between the drying drums, holds the belts close to the adjacentportions of the drums and thus increases the heating surface in directcontact with the drums. This device consists of a frame Z having rollersZ on opposite sides of the two belts. These rollers extend entirelyacross the machine and are preferably a little longer than the width ofthe belts. The frame is held stationary. being attached to the adjacentuprights A Separate tension devices are employed for the two belts. Itis important that the same degree of tension should be applied to thebelts in order that they may properly move together. The tension devicefor the outer belt Y comprises a frame consisting of side pieces toconnected in any suitable way as indicated at 10 and pivotally mountedon the front uprights A. A roller 20 is carried at the lower end of theframe and a roller 10 at the upper end thereof, and the outer belt Ytraverses these rollers in the manner indicated. A ratchet wheel w iskeyed to the frame W in the manner indicated at 'w", Figure 2. and thisratchet wheel is engaged by a spring pawl 2 carried by an operatinglever or handle Z. This handle is connected by a spring Z with the guideL. The tension of the spring may be regulated by adjusting the handle Zto cause the pawl a to engage different notches in the ratchet wheel. Ihave found that by equipping the tension device with a spring, theoperation of the machine is materially improved.
In order to mount the frame W between the uprights and to support partsof the mechanism I preferably as shown in Fig. 2 employ stub shafts wwhich are secured to the frame bars and have beaded ends as shown. Thelever Z is pivotally mounted on one of the stub shafts w as shown inFig. 2.
The inner belt is also provided with a tension device. This is shown atI and it comprises a frame carrying the roller J hereinbefore referredto. This frame is provided at z to the inclined cross-pieces G.Preferably two springs I are employed, one on each side of the machine.Each of these springs carries a hook 2' which may be made to engage anyone of a series of holes 0 in the inclined frame bar C so that thetension of the springs may be thus varied.
The belts are driven by mechanism operated by motor IV 2 which issuitably geared as shown to the shaft 0" on the roller B. As clearlyshown in Figure 3, the belts X and Y separate when they come to therollers M and It and dry prints are delivered from the belt to asuitable receiving tray S Inasmuch as photographic prints have atendency to curl or bend and as it is desirable that they should be asstraight or flat as'possible, I provide means for flattening the printsjust before they leave the belts. This device consists of a roller M,the shaft m of which is engaged by adjusting screws m and the shaft ismounted in slotted bearings which permit the roller to be moveddiagonally upwards in such manner as to bend the inner and outer beltsjust before they separate. belts and the contained prints, the desiredflatness is given to the prints before they drop into the receivingtray. Should any of the prints adhere to the outer belt at the deliveryends of the belts, they will be removed therefrom by the doctor D anddropped into the receiving tray.
Experience has demonstrated that where belts, such as those made ofcanvas, are employed, there is difficulty in machines of this classincausing the belts to move in proper alinement through the machine and itis, of course, important that the belts should thus move while carryingthe prints and in order to correct any tendency to move out ofalinement, I have provided devices for operating on the inner belt andother devices for operating on the outer belt. The devices for operatingon the outer belt are shown at U. They comprise a roller a supported bytwo links a which are hinged to the diagonal framepieces D at d. Eachlink to is independently hinged to the frame. The roller.
10 which is shown also in Figures 4, 5 and 6, is preferably partiallycovered with strips of emery paper, corrugated rubber, or the like asindicated at u The roller u extends from one side of the machine to theI have found that by thus bending the other as shown in Figures 4, 5 and6. Cooperating with the rolleru are tworollers u, 24 These rollersarequite short and they are secured to a shaft u which extends from oneside of the machine to the other and passes through slots a in the linksM, A spring a; is attached to each end of the shaft or rod '11? and tothe shaft 11 of the roller u. In this way the rollers a u are drawntowards the roller u and are normally held yieldingly in contacttherewith. Fig ure 4 shows the outer belt Y in proper alinement, passingover the roller a without coming in contact with the tapered ends of therollers a w, and when the belt runs normally the parts will occupy theposition shown in Figure 4 and also in Figure 5, but should this beltpass out of alinei'ne-nt as; indicated in Figure 6, one of its edgeswill be guided by the tapered roller into the bite of the rollers u andu 01' u and then the link u which carries the small roller thus engagedwill swing on its pivot in the manner indicated in Figure 6 whilethusengaged with the belt. This operation tends to straighten the beltor bring it into proper alinement. In the actual operation of themachine, the link swings back and forth several times before the belt isproperly alined. Should the correcting movement given to one side of thebelt be more than is sufiicient, the devices on the opposite side of thealining device will operate on the opposite edge portion of the beltand'this operation of the devices on opposite sides of the belt willcontinue until the normal alinement of the belt is obtained.
Th alining devicesfor the inner belt are shown at 0. These compriselinks 0 pivotally connected with the frame pieces C at 0 The links 0'carry a roller 0 he-reinbefore referred to corresponding with the rolleru. and these links also carry small rollers 0 similar in all respects tothe small rollers u 74 and drawn towards the roller 0 by springs 0 Thelinks 0 extend upwardly from the inclined frame bars 0 and hold theroller 0, above these frame bars. The links are continued downward belowthe inclined frame bars and carry counterbalancing weights 0 Thesealining devices 0 serve to preserve the proper direction of movement ofthe inner belt while the alining devices U preserve the proper directionof movement of the outer belt. These alining devices co-operate witheach other and the superimposed belts are thus caused to carry' theprints properly from. feeding position through the drying means to thepoint of delivery.
A machine constructed as shown in the drawings and as hereinbeforedescribed'has been found to be most eificient in practice. The tensionof the belts is automatically ad- &
justed and remains uniform. The prints are delivered in a fiat conditionthoroughly dry. By placing the drying drums one above the other with aspace between them the heat from the lower drum assists in heating theupper drum, thus saving fuel. Furthermore the belts are dried to amaterial extent and the moisture evaporated therefrom and fromthe'prints while they are passing between the heated air space betweenthe drums, as in this way considerable portions of the inner belts areexposed to the evaporating effects of the heated air.
By bending the belts towards each other between the drums a largeramount of belt surface is brought into contact with the drums.
An important feature of the invention resides in the device forautomatically preserving the alinement, as in this waythe belts may bemade to move continuously without dropping the prints and withoutbecoming ammed in the guide mechanism.
I claim as my invention:
1. In a drier for photographic prints and the like, the combination ofupper and lower heated drums, with an air space between them, a belttraversing both drums and a belt guide in the air space between thedrums for drawing the oppositely moving portions of the belt between thedrums towards each other and thus increasing the amount of surfacecontact between the belt and the drums.
2. In a drier for photographic prints and the like, the combination ofone or more heated drums, superimposed belts moving in contact therewithand adjustable means operating on the discharging ends of the belts tobend them and to thus flatten or straighten prints delivered by thebelts.
3. In a drier for photographic prints and I the like, the combination ofa heated drum,
superimposed belts moving in contact there with, guides for thereceiving and discharging portions of the belts, intermediate guides forthe belts, and an adjustable guide roller operating on the dischargeportion of the belts to bend the same and to thus flatten the printscontained between the belts.
4. A drier for photograph prints and the like, comprising a heated drum,superimposed belts traversing the drum, guides for the belts, and atension device operating on the belts comprising a pivotally mountedframe, ratchet mechanism for adjusting it, rollers carried by the framein contact with the belts, and a spring for holding the frame undertension.
5. In a drier for photographic prints and the like, the combination ofheated drums arranged one above the other, superimposed belts traversingthe drums, guides for the belts, and a belt tension device comprising aroller held in contact with the belt, a frame in which it is mounted,and a spring for holding the frame yieldingly.
6. In a drier for photographic prints and the like, the combination ofheated drums arranged one above the other, endless superimposed beltsmoving in contact with the drums, guides for the belts, and a tensiondevice engaging one of the belts comprising a pivotally mounted frame, aratchet wheel rigidly secured thereto, rollers on the frame engagingopposite sides of the belt, a pawlcarrying lever cooperating with theratchet wheel, and a spring connected with the lever for holding thetension device yieldingly.
7. In a drier for photographic prints and the like, the combination ofheating means, superimposed print-carrying belts moving in contact withthe heating means, guides for the belts, and devices for maintaining thealinement of the belts, one of which comprises a guide roller in contactwith which the belt normally moves, and other smaller rollers adapted toengage the edge portions or the belt on the opposite side thereof.
-8. In a drier for photographic prints and the like, the combination ofdrying means, an endless belt moving in contact with the drying means,guides for the belt, and means for maintaining the alinement of the beltcomprising a guide operating on one side of the belt, and devicesarranged on the opposite side of the belt and adapted to operate on theedge portions thereof to correct the alinement.
9. In a drier for photographic prints and the like, the combination ofdrying means, a belt cooperating therewith, guides for the belt, andmeans for maintaining the alinement of the belt, comprising a guideroller on one side of the belt, and devices operating on the edgeportions of the opposite side of the belt mounted to move back and forthlengthwise of the belt.
10. In a drier for photographic prints and the like, the combination ofdrying means, a
belt cooperating therewith, guides for the belt, and means formaintaining the alinement of the belt, comprising a roller engaging oneside of the belt, small rollers on the opposite side of the belt andadapted to engage the edge portions thereof, and links pivotally mountedin the frame of the ma chine adapted to swing longitudinally of the beltwhile the belt is moving through the machine.
11. In a drier, the combination of upper and lower heated drums with anair space between them, a belt traversing both drums and which isexposed to the air space between the drums when passing from one drum tothe other.
12. In a drier, the combination of a heated drum, a belt traversing thedrum, guides for the belt, and a belt tension device comprising a rollerheld in contact with the belt, a
IOU
frame in which it is mounted, and a spring for holding the frameyieldingly.
13. The combination with a belt, guides therefor, means for moving thebelt and 5 means for maintaining the alignment of the belt comprising aguide operating on one side of the belt and devices arranged on theopposite side of the belt moving longitudinally therewith and adapted tooperate on the edge portions of the belt to maintain 10 alignment.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.
WILBERT H. MORGAN. Witness:
GEORGE J. BRIGHAM.
| 2024-03-22 | 1922-04-20 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1923-06-05"
} |
US-12967649-A | Hydrocarbon conversion
Sept. 13, 1955 J. w. JEwELL ETAL HYDRocARBoN CONVERSION 2 Sheets-Sheet lFiled Nov. 26, 1949 v di ATTORNEYS Sept. 13. 1955 J. w. JEWELL. ET A1.2,717,867
- HYDRocARBoN CONVERSION Filed Nov. 26, 1949 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .7INVENTOR. JOSEPH W. JEWELL BY WILLIAM B. JoHNsoN 54 www/ ATTORNEYSUnited States Patent Oee 2,7 l 7,86 7 Patented Sept. 13, 1955 2,717,867HYDROCARBON CONVERSION Joseph W. Jewell, Summit, and William B. Johnson,Far Hills, N. J., assignors to The M. W. Kellogg Company, Jersey City,N. J., a corporation of Delaware Application November 26, 1949, SerialNo. 129,676 13 Claims. (Cl. 2112-14) This invention relates to animproved process for continuously coking and distilling residualhydrocarbon oils, that is, oils which cannot be vaporized completelybecause of the presence of unvaporizable constituents and/orconstituents which decompose with formation of carbonaceous deposits ondistillation. Such oils are best exemplified by reduced crudes, whichare produced by subjecting crude oil to distillation to vaporize andremove lower boiling constituents. It will be understood, however, thatthe invention is applicable to the treatment of any such oil which it isadvantageous to distill under coking conditions, such as crude oil,light reduced crude, heavy reduced crude, heavy gas oils andhigh-boiling synthetic hydrocarbon oils which may be produced byreacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen or by hydrogenating solidcarbonaceous materials.
Continuous coking of hydrocarbon oils has certain advantages overpresent methods in which the coke is produced in large drums which mustbe emptied periodically. These advantages consist principally of thelower investment and operating cost of continuous coking. However, it isdifficult in continuous coking processes to provide for positive controlof the soaking time of the coke particles, the coking reactiontemperature, residence time of the vaporized oil in the coking zone, andseparation of vaporized oil from the coke.
An object of the invention is to provide for coking hydrocarbon oils, animproved process in which the soaking time of the coke is controlledunder conditions in which all the coke particles are subjected tosoaking treatment for approximately the same length of time.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved coking processin which the coking reaction temperature may be readily controlled, orchanged in response to changing requirements of the process.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved coking processin which the residence time of the vaporized oil in the coking zone isheld to a minimum.
Another object of the invention is to provide a process which isadaptable to the treatment of feed stocks of widely varyingcharacteristics.
Another object of the invention is to provide a process for producing acoke of high porosity.
Further objects of the invention will be made apparent by the followingdescription of the improved process.
The improved process will be described by reference to the accompanyingdrawings which are diagrammaticV representations of apparatus suitablefor carrying out the process. It will be understood that the apparatusshown merely illustrates arrangements suitable for carrying out theprocess and that the process is capable of other embodiments beyond thephysical limitations of the apparatus shown in the drawings.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic View in elevation of an assemblage ofapparatus for carrying out the coking process,
Figure 2 s an enlargement of a portion of Fig. 1,
Figure 3 is a sectional view, at line 3-3 of Fig. 2,
Figure 4 illustrates a modification of the coking drum in which meansare provided for pulverizing the product coke,
Figure 5 is an enlarged View of a portion of Fig. 4, and
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of Fig. 5.
Referring to Fig. 1, a reduced crude oil is supplied to the processthrough line 10, which connects with a heat exchanger 11. The reducedcrude is preheated at 11 and the preheated oil is then transferredthrough line 12, to the entrance of a furnace 13 wherein the reducedcrude is further heated. The preheated oil is discharged, from furnace13, into line 14 through which it ows into fractionating tower 15 at anintermediate point. The oil is preheated at 13 to a temperature highenough to vaporize a portion of the oil as it is discharged into tower15. Fractionating tower 15 is provided, with gas and liquid Contactmeans, such as bubble trays and bales, and is operated under temperatureand pressure conditions effective to strip from oil charged thereto alllight constituents undesired in the oil to be subjected to cokingtreatment and separate distillate fractions comprising an overhead,gasoline, fraction and an intermediate, gas oil, fraction. In tower 1Sthe reduced crude oil undergoes separation into vaporized andunvaporized portions, the unvaporized portion flows downwardly inconntercurrent contact with oil vapors from the coking zone, which areintroduced into tower 15 at a low point from line 16.
By this treatment further preheating of the unvaporized portion of thereduced crude oil is effected and finely divided coke particles carriedinto tower 15, in suspension in the oil vapors from line 16, areentrained in the unvaporized portion of the reduced crude. The liquidwhich collects in the bottom of tower 15 comprises unvaporized portionsof the reduced crude charge as well as oil condensed from the vaporsfrom line 16 and is withdrawn therefrom through line 17, by means ofVpump 18, and passed to the coking treatment. The various treatments ofthe reduced crude described above are controlled to supply the oil tothe coking treatment,
f through line 17, at a temperature of approximately 650 to 750 F.
In carrying out the coking treatment, the preheated oil is contactedwith hot finely divided coke in a coking zone in which there ismaintained a horizontally extended bed of finely divided colte, aeratedby means of inert gases flowing upwardly therethrough at a velocity atwhich the bed in maintained in a relatively dense fiuidized condition.The liuidized bed of coke may be maintained in any suitable vessel, suchas horizontally elongated drum 19 which may be cylindrical in shape. Indrum 19 the iluidized bed of coke whose upper surface is indicated bydotted line 21 Ais supported on a perforated distribution plate 20 whichextends across drum 19 from side to side and from one end to a cokewithdrawal passageway opening into the other end of drum 19 at a lowpoint. Distribution plate Ztl is adapted to support a relatively thinbed of coke which moves continuously from the coke charging point to thecoke withdrawal passageway, that is, from right to left in Fig. 1.
Distribution plate 20 is arranged to present a generally horizontalupper surface. The movement of the bed of coke laterally from right toleft may be produced by the displacing action of coke added to the bedat the right end of drum 19, if the upper surface of plate 20 issubstantially exactly horizontal. However, this produces a coke bedwhich varies in depth, from a maximum near the coke inlet to a minimumnear the coke outlet. Therefore, it may be advantageous to incline thedistribution plate 20 downwardly toward the coke outlet suciently tocause lateral iiow of the coke bed at a suitable velocity, without theneed for any substantial variation in the bed depth. An inclination of lto l() degrees from the horizontal is usually sufficient, depending onthe bed depth required. Inclination of distribution plate 29 does notnecessarily require that drum 19 be mounted in a correspondinglyinclined position. However, economy of construction may require thatdrum 19 be mounted with its longitudinal axis parallel to the plane ofplate 20, and this is the arrangement illustrated in Figs. l and 2.
Distribution plate 20 is spaced sufficiently above the bottom of drum 19to provide an upper surface of sufficient width in proportion to thediameter of the drum to provide adequate aeration of the coke bed and toprovide a space in drum 19 under plate 20 for effective distributiontherein of aerating and stripping gases. These gases are introduced intodrum 19 at one or more points under plate 20, from lines 22 whichconnect with a supply line 23. The space under plate 20 may besubdivided by suitable partitions to permit passing differing quantitiesof gas through different sections of the coke bed. The distributionplate 20 may consist of one metal plate, or a plurality of plates,containing perforations whose size and number permit passage of aeratingand stripping gas up through the coke bed in a quantity and distributionsuch that the bed is uniformly aerated to the desired density and thedisplacement of volatile hydrocarbons from the bed is rapid andcontinuous. To effect uniform aeration and stripping the perforationsshould be as small, numerous, and uniformly distributed, as o possible.For this reason it is preferred to form plate 20 by mounting porousmetal plates in a suitable supporting grid. The methods for producingsuch plates are well known.
The hot finely divided coke and the preheated residual oil aredischarged into the right hand end of drum 19, preferably at a pointsubstantially above the upper surface of the iiuid bed of coke, underconditions such that the relatively vaporizable portion of the oil israpidly vaporized and the unvaporizable portion is absorbed by the hotcoke particles being introduced into drum 19. The relative proportionsof oil and hot coke charged to drum 19 are controlled to providesufficient absorbent surface in relation to the unvaporized portion ofthe oil, whereby the latter may be absorbed by the coke while the cokeremains sufficiently dry that it can be fluidized by the aerating andstripping gas flowing upwardly through distribution plate 20. The ratioin which coke and oil may be charged to drum 19, under satisfactoryconditions of operation, is affected by the volatility of the oil, andthe ratio may be controlled within limits by varying the temperature ofthe colte. Necessarily also the amount of oil which can be absorbed bythe coke is affected by the absorptive capacity of the circulating coke,which absorptive capacity may be controlled, to some extent, by varyingthe conditions under which the coke is burned after the cokingtreatment.
Preferably, the temperatures of the hot coke and oil charged into drum19 and the relative proportions of each are controlled to effect rapidvaporization of the oil and absorption of unvaporized constituents,whereby little or no liquid oil falls on the upper surface of the fluidbed of coke. This may be effected by discharging hot finely divided cokein an aerated condition into the interior of drum 19 at a high pointtherein while simultaneously spraying the hot residual oil into theinterior of drum 19 at a point nearby the point at which the aeratedcoke is being introduced. The spray of oil is directed into the aeratedmass of coke being introduced, to effect intimate contact of the hotcoke and oil. This produces rapid vaporization of a portion of the oiland the unvaporized portion is absorbed by the coke which is settledonto the upper surface of the fluid bed of coke distribution plate 20.
Preferably, the hot coke and oil being charged to the coking treatmentare mixed in a separate confined zone, which may be considered thevaporizing section of the coking zone, whereby part of the oil isvaporized and the unvaporized remainder is substantially completelyabsorbed by the hot coke, prior to discharge of the resulting mixtureinto drum 19 at a point from which the coke particles may settle ontothe fluidized bed of coke. The separate confined mixing and absorbingzone may be provided outside drum 19, but, in order to simplifyconstruction, it is provided in the upper interior of drum 19 bysuitably partitioning off a space around the inlets for the oil andcoke. This arrangement is shown in detail in Figs. l and 2, in which apartition in the form of a truncated cone 24, open at the lower smallend, is attached to the upper interior wall of drum 19. Line 17 connectswith a spray head 25 mounted at the top of drum 19 and arranged to spraythe hot residual oil downwardly within the vaporizing section, of thecoking zone, defined by partition 24. The finely divided hot coke forthe coking treatment is supplied from standpipe 26 as an aerated mass.The rate of supply of the hot coke is regulated by means of slide valve27 in the lower end of standpipe 26. The hot finely divided coke fromstandpipe 26 is discharged into the mixing section of the coking zoneprovided by partition 24 and into intimate contact with the oil beingsprayed therein. In order to promote intimate mixing, the hot coke istransferred from standpipe 26 into the vaporizing section through aplurality of branch lines 28. Two of these are provided in thearrangement illustrated in the drawing but it is evident that the hotcoke may be distributed through at many as such supply lines as ispractical, to promote uni form distribution of the coke into the oilspray.
To assist in the mixing of the hot coke and oil within the vaporizingsection of the coking zone, it may be desirable to introduce extraneousgas directly into the mixing section. For this purpose, line 29 isprovided to connect line 23 with a plurality of tangential inlets,through partition 24, into the mixing section of the coking zone. Thetangential introduction of the extraneous gas from line 24 throughinlets 30 produces a swirling movement of the coke particles and oildroplets whereby there is intimate contact of the oil and hot cokewithin the vaporizing section and prior to discharge of the resultingmixture of oil vapors and hot coke, through the exit 31 of partition 24,into the soaking section of thc col/.ing zone.
The hot coke and oil are mixed in proportions such that oil notimmediately vaporized may be absorbed completely by the coke particlesWhile remaining in a relatively dry non-adhering condition in which theymay be maintained as a dense free-flowing, fiuidized mass ondistribution plate 20 by the aerating and stripping gas fiowing upwardlytherethrough. It is preferred that vaporization of oil and absorption ofthe residue shall be accomplished solely by the coke with which the oilis first contacted in the mixing zone and that substantially nounabsorbed liquid oil be precipitated onto the surface 2l of the cokebed. vaporization of the oil may be further promoted by preheating tovaporizing temperatures the gas injected into the vaporizing zonethrough inlets 30.
The ratio in which the coke and oil are mixed to effect the desiredvaporization and absorption of the oil depends upon the temperatures ofthe coke and oil, the distillation characteristics of the oil, theproportion of the oil which is unvaporizable, and the composition of theunvaporizable portion of the oil. For colzing oil, which has beenpreheated to a temperature just short of vaporization, the coke and oilmay be mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1 to l0:l, preferably 6:1 to 2:1depending on the temperature of the coke, which may be preheated to 1900to l500 F., and the ratio of vapor to liquid after mixing.
The time of residence of the oil and hot coke in the mixing andvaporizing zone is such that vaporization of the readily vaporizablecomponents of the oil is the principal effect of the mixing of thepreheated oil and hot coke, although some decomposition incidental tocoking may be initiated in that zone. In the preferred modification ofthe invention, as illustrated in Fig. l, it was desired to separate theeluent vapors from the hot coke rapidly whereby cracking of vaporizedhydrocarbons is kept to a minimum. It is preferred therefore to limitthe residence time of the oil and coke in the confined mixing zone tothe time required to effect substantially complete vaporization.However, it is within Vthe scope of the invention to contact the oil andhot coke in a mixing Zone in which substantial coking of the residualcomponents of the oil on the coke particles is obtained.
In the preferred modification, illustrated in Fig. l, the mixture of oilvapors and hot coke containing deposited residual hydrocarbons isdischarged through opening 31 into the interior of drum 19, andpreferably above the level of the iiuidized bed of coke, whereby thevapors are quickly separated from the hot coke particles and arewithdrawn overhead to suitable recovery equipment.
The coke particles, on which residual components of the oil areundergoing further distillation and decomposition, are precipitated ontothe iluidized bed of coke whose upper level is indicated at 21. Due tothe displacing effect of the added coke particles and any inclination ofthe plate 20, the coke bed ows continuously from the right hand end ofdrum 19, at which the coke is added, to the left hand end. As pointedout above, the coke bed is maintained in a uidized condition by thepassage of aerating and stripping gas upwardly therethrough. Such gasmaintains the coke bed in a flowable condition and displaces, from thevoids between the coke particles, hydrocarbon vapors released from thecoke particles as the result of distillation and cracking ofhydrocarbons deposited thereon.
The time of residence of the coke particles in the fluid bed in drum 19is sufficient to provide the soaking time required to complete thecoking of the residual hydrocarbons deposited on the coke particles andthe evolution of hydrocarbons released by the coking reaction. Thisrequires, ordinarily, a residence time of 60 to 300 seconds, dependingupon the temperature of the coke bed. The rate of lateral flow of thecoke bed is governed by the rate at which coke is introduced into drum19 in relation to the bed of coke at right angles to the direction ofits lateral now. The inclination of the plate 20 assists lateral ilowand permits flowing the bed laterally at a satisfactory rate with nosubstantial difference in the bed depth at the ends thereof. However,inclination of plate 20 is not necessary to satisfactory lateralmovement of the bed. Ordinarily the coke bed may be fluidized underconditions providing for uniform residence time of the particles atlateral velocities of 0.1 to 0.5 feet per second.
rihe lateral flow of the coke bed in accordance with the improvedprocess provides for uniform residence time of the coke particles andalso permits control of the residence time of all the coke particles inthe soaking zone, that is, the zone traversed by the coke particles inpassing from the vaporizing zone to the exit of drum 19. The residencetime of the coke particles may be varied by varying the rate at whichcoke is discharged into drum 19 and by varying the quantity of coke indrum 19. ln this manner the improved process provides means forsubjecting each coke particle to the residence time required foreifecting the desired decomposition and distillation of the particularoil undergoing coking treatment.
The depth of the coke bed in drum 19 is maintained relatively low,preferably 0.5 to 5.0 feet whereby effluent vapors are quickly strippedfrom the bed by means of aerating and stripping gas flowing upwardlytherethrough at velocities suiciently low to avoid agitation of the bedwhich would interfere with uniformity of residence time of the cokeparticles.
The quantity of stripping and aerating gas introduced into drum 19through inlets 22 for passage up through the coke bed depends on thethickness of the bed and the quantity of stripping gas needed. It ispreferred to utilize quantities of stripping and aerating gas such thatthe gas passes through the bed at relatively low velocity, whereby undueturbulence of the bed is avoided. Ordinarily it is desired to introducethe gas from inlets 22 at a rate such as to produce superficial upwardvelocity of 0.1 to 2.0 -feet per second, preferably 0.2 to 0.8 feet persecond. The superficial velocity is the velocity which would be assumedby the gas upon emerging from the orifices of distrlbution plate 20 inthe absence of a bed of coke but at the coke bed temperature andpressure. It is preferred that the quantity of stripping gas and the beddepth be correlated to maintain a residence time of the stripping gas 1nthe coke bed within the range of l to 6 seconds. Thus when the strippinggas is introduced at a rate corresponding to a superficial velocity of 2feet per second into a bed of coke maintained in aerated condition bysuch gas at a depth of approximately 5 feet, the aerating gas will passthrough the coke bed in approximately 2 seconds. Likewise when aeratinggas is introduced at a superficial velocity of 0.1 foot per second itwill pass through a 0.5 foot bed in approximately 3 seconds.
At the left hand, or discharge, end of drum 19 the fluid bed of cokeoverows into a suitable withdrawal passageway 32 opening into the bottomof drum 19. If necessary aerating gas may be introduced into passageway32, from line 33 which connects with line 23, to maintain the withdrawncoke in aerated condition. The coke is discharged from passageway 32into a screw conveyor 34 through which the coke is passed to the burningzone. It may be desirable to subject the coke withdrawn from drum 1.9 toa grinding treatment prior to burning, to reduce any large particles ofcoke which are formed by agglomeration or by accretion of coke fromdecomposed oil. Any suitable grinding means may be used for thispurpose. Conveniently, screw conveyor 34 may be made to serve thispurpose Vand the grinding eect may be promoted by mounting suitablegrinding elements on the shaft of the screw of conveyor 34. In thisarrangement the screw conveyor 34 provides: means for controlling therate of withdrawal of coke from drum 19, means for grinding thewithdrawn coke, and means for transferring the withdrawn coke to theburning zone.
The outlet vof conveyor 34 connects with an elongated conduit 35 inwhich is located the burning zone for the coke. In conduit 35 the cokefrom drum 19 is carried at relatively high velocity in a gas streamcontaining oxygen to support the partial Vcombustion of the coke whichis desired to raise the coke to the temperature needed to carry out thecoking of additional quantities of residual oil. Ordinarily the coke isdischarged to drum 19 at a temperature of approximately 950 to 1l50 F.The heat required to complete coking ordinarily results in the cokebeing cooled by 125 to 250 F. in passing through drum 19. Consequentlythe coke introduced into conduit 35 is sufficiently hot to initiatecombustion upon contact with air introduced at the lower end of conduit35. The air is supplied by a blower 36 through line 37. If it is desiredto preheat the air, when starting up or for control purposes, an airheater 33 may be provided at the lower end of conduit 35. A portion ofthe air from line 37 from blower 36 is mixed with fuel gas from line 39at the bottom of heater 38 while the remainder of the air is introduceddirectly into air heater 38 b y means of line 40.
The regeneration gas and suspended coke is iiowed upwardly throughconduit 35 at a relatively high velocity of 10-50 feet per second,preferably 15-25 feet per second, as a relatively' dilute suspension.The quantity of regeneration gas employed is the amount necessary toburn coke in the burning zone to the extent necessary to impart, to thatportion of the hot coke recirculated in the system, the heat requiredfor vaporizing and coking the oil. Air is normally employed as theregeneration gas and it is introduced at a rate of 0.5 to 2.0 cu. ft.(measured at standard condition) per pound of coke leaving the cokingchamber.
In the burning zone the coke is carried in suspension in the stream ofregeneration gas. At least a part of the path of iiow of theregeneration gas in the burning zone is in a vertical direction, asshown in Fig. l. This serves to lift the hot coke to a point ofdischarge, from the burning zone, which is substantially elevated abovethe coking zone, and also serves to lengthen the residence time of thecoke particles in the burning zone. In the vertical section of theburning zone substantial slippage of the coke particles in the owing gasstream occurs, the degree of slippage varying with the gas velocity. Ata gas velocity in the preferred range of 15-25 feet per second theconcentration of coke in the gas stream may be, in the vertical sectionof the burning zone, two or three times the inlet concentration. Thelength of the burning zone is designed to retain the coke particlestherein for a time sufficient to raise their temperature at least to thetemperature at which they are desired for use in the coking step.
The supply of oxygen to the burning zone ordinarily is limited to theamount necessary to cause combustion which will raise the temperature ofthe coke particles to the desired elevated temperature. However, undersome conditions it may be desirable to apply cooling treatment at somepoint in the burning Zone. This may be necessary, for example, underconditions wherein it is necessary, in order to decrease the volatilecontent of the circulating coke, to burn the coke at a highertemperature than the temperature at which it is desired to employ thecoke for vaporization and coking of the oil feed.
The exit of conduit 35 opens into the interior of an enlarged settlinghopper 41 in which the flue gas and hot coke particles are separated. Toassist in settling the coke particles conduit 35 in connected to hopper41 in a manner to discharge the suspension in a downward direction. Tofurther assist in settling the coke particles conduit 35 is extendeddownwardly in hopper 41 to a relatively low point, as indicated inFig. 1. The settled coke particles are accumulated in the lower part ofhopper 41 and the resulting mass is maintained in a iiuidized condition,which may be promoted if necessary by the injection of aerating gas intohopper 41 at a low point.
Additional means may be provided to separate the ner particles of cokefrom the llue gas. Such means conveniently may comprise one or morecyclone separators which, as shown in Fig. l, conveniently may belocated in the upper interior of hopper 41. The tine coke separated incyclone 42 is returned to a low point in hopper 41 by a suitable dip-leg43. The ilue gas emerges from the cyclone separater 42 and from hopper41 through line 44 which may be provided with a pressure control valve45. The ilue gas thus discharged from the system may be passed tosuitable heat exchange steps for recovery of the heat contained thereineither before or after pressure release or may be discharged to theatmosphere.
Instead of, or in addition to, the use of separating devices of thecyclone type, it may be desirable to pass the iiue gas through filteringmeans to effect a suicient recovery of the coke particles from the uegas. Conveniently such filters may be located in the upper interior ofhopper 41.
Regardless of the extent of stripping to which the coke is subjected asit ows in the fluid bed in drum 19 toward outlet 32, the coke introducedinto burning Zone 35 contains a substantial proportion of volatilecombustible material. A substantial part of the combustion which occursin zone 35 results from the burning of such volatile matter. This tendsto increase the porosity of the circulating coke. It may cause somespalling of the coke with consequent decrease in particle size. This maybe desirable since there is an increase in particle size in the coldngzone. Under controlled combustion the volatile materials ispreferentially burned in the burning zone. Normally the heat generatedby burning a part of the volatile material is suficient to support theheat of coking in the coking zone.
The excess coke produced in the process, that is the coke laid down bythe oil and not consumed in the process, is withdrawn from the processpreferably from hopper 41, as at that point in the circulation of thecoke it is found to be in the best condition for withdrawal as a productof the process.
In order to maintain the circulating mass of coke in the finely dividedcondition which is desirable for maintenance of the aerated coke bed indrum 19, it may be advantageous to effect a degree of classification ofthe coke particles in hopper 41 whereby the relatively more coarseparticles are withdrawn as the product coke, while the finer cokeparticles are recirculated. In the arrangement shown in Fig. l theproduct coke is withdrawn from the bottom of hopper 41 through asuitable standpipe 46 provided with a control slide valve 47. Standpipe26 is connected at its upper end with hopper 41 at a point somewhatabove the lower end of standpipe 46. The aeration of the settled mass ofparticles which covers the inlets of both standpipe 26 and 46 mayproducesutiicient classitication of the coke particles whereby the smallproportion of the coke withdrawn through standpipe 46 consistspredominantly of larger particles. The rate at which coke is withdrawnthrough standpipe 46 is only a small fraction of the rate withdrawnthrough standpipe 26, as ordinarily the coke recirculated throughstandpipe 26 is 20 to 40 times the quantity of coke withdrawn as productthrough standpipe 46.
To assist in the classification of the coke particles in hopper 41 avertical partition 48 is provided to divide the bottom part of hopper 41into two sections. The lower end of conduit 35 is arranged to dischargethe coke and gas over the inlet to standpipe 46, whereby materialentering standpipe 26 must ow over the partition 48. The degree ofclassification required in the material withdrawn through standpipe 46may be controlled by varying the amount of aerating gas admitted abovethe entrance to standpipe 46, from line 78. The minimum aerationvelocity necessary to maintain fluidization above standpipe 46 willresult in little classification, whereby the particles withdrawn throughstandpipe 46 will have substantially the same particle size range as thecoke discharged frorn conduit 35. increasing the aeration velocity, byincreasing the volume of aerating gas from line 78, will causeelutriation, the degree of which can be varied as desired. If accretionin the coking zone rcsults in an increase in the average particle sizeof the coke which is not compensated for in the burning zone, thequantity of coke withdrawn through line 46 may be increased over theamount equivalent to the excess coke,
so that a portion of the coke thus withdrawn may be ground up andreturned to the system as fines.
The recirculated particles are withdrawn through standpipe 26 fortransfer to the vaporizng zone in the manner described above. Instandpipe 26 the coke is maintained in a suitable fluidized condition atrelatively high densities. Ordinarily the downward velocity of the cokein standpipe 26 is sufficient to retain the aerated condition of thecoke or it may be desirable to inject r aerating gas at intervals alongthe length of standpipe The length of standpipe 26 and, consequently,the elevation at which hopper 41 is mounted above coke drum 19 depend onthe pressure drop experienced in the circu lation of the coke from drum19 through the burning zone and the settling hopper 41 and the densityof the coke in standpipe 26. Ordinarily the pressure drop isapproximately 5 pounds per square inch in owing the coke from drum 19 tothe lower part of hopper 41. The pressure drop on the coke in flowingthrough slide valve 27 is maintained at approximately 5 pounds persquare inch. Consequently it is desired ordinarily to provide by meansof standpipe 26 an increase in pressure from the top to the bottomthereof of approximately pounds per square inch. If the density of thecoke in standpipe 26 is approximately 3i) pounds per cu. ft. it issatisfactory to provide standpipe 26 with a length such that it rises avertical distance of approximately 48 ft.
The stripping and aerating gas introduced into drum 19 through lines 22,29 and 33 and into standpipe 26 conveniently may be steam although otherinert gas such as hydrocarbon gas produced in the process may beernployed. Steam is preferred, however, as it introduces fewerdiiiiculties in the recovery of the volatile products of the process.Any suitable aerating gas may be introduced into the lower part ofhopper 41, such as steam, or ilue gas.
The volatile products of the process are withdrawn from high points indrum 19 preferably through a plurality of outlet lines 49 which connectwith line 16 for passage of the vapors to fractionating tower in themanner described. A plurality of outlet lines 49 distributed along thelength of drum 19 is preferred in order to minimize the time ofresidence of the product vapors in drum 19, whereby cracking of thevaporized hydrocarbons is kept to a minimum. Cooling means may beassociated with the vapor outlet lines or line 16 to elect promptcooling of the vapors to non-cracking temperatures. Heat exchange may beprovided for this purpose, or means to inject cooling liquid or vaporsdirectly into the vapor lines.
ln fractionating tower 15 the vapor product is subjected to scrubbingwith the charge oil, as described above, to vaporize portions of thecharge oil, scrub from the product vapors fine coke particles carriedtherein in suspension from drum 19, and condense the highest boilingportion of the vapors for recycling to the coking zone. In the upperportion of tower 15, above the section in which the scrubbing treatmentis carried out, the product vapors and the vaporized portion of thecharge oil are subjected to fractionation in any suitable manner torecover the products of the process which include a gas oil fraction, agasoline fraction and a gas fraction. The heat for the fractionatingtreatment is supplied to tower 15 in the product vapors from line 16 andin preheated feed from 1tine 1d. Cooling at the upper end of the toweris provided by refluxing. The overhead fraction is withdrawn throughline Si? which passes through cooler 51 in which condensation or' thenormally liquid components is etfected. Separation of the condensatefrom the uncondensed gas is carried out in drum 52, from which the gasis withdrawn through line 53. Any water contained in the product vapors,as the result of the use of steam in the system, is condensed at thispoint and withdrawn from drum 52 through line 54, provided with pump 55.The liquid hydrocarbon fraction separated in drum 52 is withdrawnthrough line 56, provided with pump 57. A portion of this condensate isreturned by pump 57 through line 53 to the top of tower 15 to providethe retluxing of the tower necessary for the fractionation operation. Aportion of the condensate delivered by pump 57 is withdrawn by line 59as a gasoline or naphtha product oi the process.
A gas oil fraction is recovered by withdrawing a liquid stream fromtower 15 at an intermediate point through line oil. This side stream isdelivered by line 60 into a stripping tower 61 in which the side streamis heated to strip light components therefrom, these being withdrawnoverhead through line 62 and introduced into tower 15 at a higher point.The stripped gas oil is withdrawn as a product of the process throughline 63 by means of pump 6a, a cooler 65 being provided in line 63 forcooling the gas oil product to a suitable low temperature. A portion ofthe side stream withdrawn from tower 15 through line 6i) may be divertedtherefrom through line 66 by means of pump 67 and passed through heatexchanger 11 and cooler 68 prior to being returned to a suitable pointin K opening 76 in the bottom thereof. Ball tower 15 through lines 69and 70, as an intermediate reilux. A
lt will be understood that the introduction of the charge oil into tower15 depends on the presence of readily vaporizable components therein.Ordinarily a crude oil or a reduced crude oil or a heavy gas oil ischarged to the process by introducing it into tower 15 in the mannerdescribed. Oils which have been substantially denuded of componentswhich can be vaporized at non-coking temperatures may be introduced intothe process directly through line 17, after being preheated to asuitable temperature. However it may be desirable to introduce reducedcrudes containing volatile constituents directly into line 17, in whichcase they are preheated to a higher temperature.
The operation of the process described above may be illustrated by thefollowing specific example of the treatment of a Kansas reduced crudehaving a gravity of 25 A. P. I. The reduced crude is charged to theprocess through line 10 and distilled in fractionating tower 15 underconditions effective to produce a straight run gas oil representing 48wt. per cent of the oil charge and a residual oil having a gravity of18.5 A. P. I. This residual oil plus recycle oil is treated inaccordance with the improved process to produce distillate oil in thecoking zone equivalent to at least 36 wt. per cent of the charge oilfrom line 1d while producing a dry gas to the extent of 4.1 wt. per centof the charge oil and recovering a coke product through standpipe 46equivalent to 11.9 wt. per cent of the charge oil from line 10.
Example Outlet temperature of furnace 13 Feed oil temperature in line 17Y 1.5 ft. 25 1b./cu. ft.
Lateral velocity of coke bed 0.4 ft./sec. Length of coke bed 54 ft Steamthrough line-s 10 wt. per cent on feed.
Steam throughline 29 5 wt. per cent on feed.
Air in line 35 3.8 St. cu. ft,/1b
' feed oil.
Gas velocity in line 35 20 ft./sec.
Circulating coke to make coke 16 t 1.
Coking time secs.
A modiiication of coking drum 19 is illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. Inthis modification means are provided, within the drum, for continuouslyreducing large coke particles formed in the coking operation. In thisarrangement a hopper 71 is interposed between the lower end ofdistribution plate 20 and a hopper 72 which is provided to direct thecoke to draw-off line 73. In this modification a slide valve 74%V isprovided in line 73 to control the rate of withdrawal of coke.
The coke iiows from the lower end of distribution plate 20 to and acrosshopper 71. Aera'ting gas is passed upwardly through the coke mass duringthis passage whereby classification occurs, with the more coarseparticles being concentrated in the bottom of hopper 71. By this meansthe coarser coke particles are directed by hopper 71 into a ball mill7El which connects with hopper 71 through an mill 75 is provided with aplurality of steel or ceramic balls which are agitated in the lowerconical portion thereof by means of steam jets introduced tangentiallythrough line 77. The movement of the balls reduces the larger cokeparticles to smaller particles capable of being lifted upwardly out ofthe ball mill and back to hopper 71 by the steam from line 77 whichrises upwardly in the ball mill and acts as the aerating gas in hopper71. By this means the reduction of the coarser coke particles is carriedout continuously inside the coking zone.
The cpcraion of the colring process may be started by 11 supplying neparticles from any source. Petroleum coke is preferred but other cokemay be used, as well as finely divided siliceous materials, such asbentonite clay. Carbonaceous starting materials may be heated initiallyto the desired high temperature by combustion with preheated air in zone35. Non-carbonaceous materials may be heated to the desired temperatureby heated air from heater 38. The starting materials are graduallyreplaced in the process by coke particles formed from the oil beingprocessed, so that normal operation involves a circulating mass ofparticles of coke formed from the oil.
We claim:
l. A process for coking and distilling residual hydrocarbon oil whichcomprises forming and maintaining in the lower part of a coking zone ahorizontally extended bed of nely divided hot coke, owing aerating gasupwardly through said coke bed to maintain all parts thereof in arelatively dense iiuidized condition whereby the bed is capable oflateral flow, discharging a mixture of hot finely divided coke andresidual oil into the coking zone at one end of the coke bed whereby theadded coke merges with the coke bed and the residual oil is partlyvaporized by the heat of the added hot coke and the unvaporized portionis deposited on the surfaces of hot coke particles for distillation anddecomposition by the heat of the coke continuously stripping said oilvapors from said horizontally flowing bed by means of said aerating gasto diminish the amount of oil vapor in said bed as it flows downstream,maintaining a disengaging space above said horizontally flowing bed forcollecting said vaporized components of said residual oil above saidbed, withdrawing said oil vapor from said disengaging space withoutfurther contact with said bed, withdrawing coke from the uidized bed atan edge thereof horizontally distant from the point of introduction ofhot coke into the coking zone whereby the coke bed flows laterally fromthe point of introduction of hot coke into the coking zone to the pointof withdrawal thereof from the uidized bed, subjecting the cokewithdrawn from the coking zone to partial combustion to heat the cokesubstantially above the temperature of withdrawal, and discharging saidheated coke into said coking zone in the manner described.
2. The process of claim l wherein coke withdrawn from the fluid-like bedin the coking zone is subjected to grinding treatment to reduce theaverage particle size thereof prior to introduction into the burningzone.
3. A process for coking and distilling a residual hydrocarbon oil whichcomprises, continuously supplying hot petroleum coke in finely dividedform to an oil vaporizing section of a coking zone, intimately mixingthe hot coke with residual oil in the oil vaporizing section to effectvaporization of a portion of the oil and decomposition of unvaporizedconstituents of the oil with deposition of carbon on the surfaces of thecoke particles, discharging into one end of a horizontally elongatedsoaking section of the coking zone the mixture of oil vapors and cokeparticles bearing unvaporized constituents of the oil undergoingdecomposition, settling the coke particles out of the oil vapors in thesoaking section of the coking zone, maintaining the settled coke as arelatively dense uid-like mass by the passage of aerating and strippinggas upwardly therethrough, owing the fluid-like bed of coke horizontallyfrom the inlet of the soaking section of the coking zone to a cokedischarge point at the opposite end of said section, withdrawing cokefrom said coking zone at the coke discharge point, continuouslystripping hydrocarbon vapors from said horizontally flowing bed as saidvapors are formed therein and separately withdrawing said vapors andstripping gases from said coking zone above said fluid-like coke bed,suspending withdrawn coke in air under conditions effective to initiatecombustion, transporting the suspension through an elongated burningzone to effect partial combustion of the coke to heat it to atemperature substantially higher than the temperature at which the cokeis discharged from the coking zone, discharging the suspension of ue gasand heated coke into a settling zone, withdrawing a minor portion of thecoke from the settling zone as a product of the process, andtransporting the remainder of the coke separated in the settling zone tothe oil vaporizing step, as described.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the mixture of oil vapors and cokeparticles bearing unvaporized constituents of the oil undergoingdecomposition is discharged into the coking zone above the level of therelatively dense fluid-like mass of coke particles therein.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the mixture of oil vapors and cokeparticles is discharged downwardly into the space in the coking zoneabove the fluid-like bed of coke particles.
6. The process for coking and distilling a residual hydrocarbon oilwhich comprises, maintaining a column of hot petroleum coke in finelydivided form wherein the mass of coke is maintained in a relativelydense fluid-like condition by reason of the presence of aerating gastherein, continuously discharging hot coke from the lower end of saidcolumn into an oil vaporizing section of a coking zone, intimatelymixing the hot coke in lthe oil vaporizing seetion with residual oil toeffect vaporization of a portion of the oil and decomposition ofunvaporized constituents of the oil with deposition of carbon on thesurfaces of the coke particles, discharging into one end of ahorizontally elongated soaking section of the coking zone the mixture ofoil vapors and coke particles bearing unvaporized constituents of theoil undergoing decomposition, settling the coke particles out of the oilvapors, maintaining the settled coke as a relatively dense uid-like massby the passage of aerated and stripping gas upwardly therethrough, owingthe fluid-like bed of coke horizontally from the inlet of the soakingsection of the coking zone to a coke discharge point at the opposite endof said section, withdrawing coke from said coking zone at the cokedischarge point, continuously stripping hydrocarbon vapors from saidhorizontally flowing bed as said vapors are formed therein andseparately withdrawing said vapors from said coking zone above saidfluid-like coke bed, suspending withdrawn coke in air under conditionseffective to initiate combustion, transporting the suspension through anelongated burning zone to effect partial combustion of the coke to heatit to a temperature substantially higher than the temperature at whichthe coke is discharged from the coking zone, discharging the suspensionof flue gas and heated coke into a settling zone, and supplying cokeseparated in said settling zone to the upper end of said first mentionedcolumn of nely divided coke.
7. A process for coking and distilling hydrocarbon oil, which includesthe steps of z flowing through an elongated coking zone a substantiallyhorizontal stream of finely divided hot coke, the depth of said streambeing shallow relative to its length in the direction of flow; flowingaerating gas upwardly through said stream to maintain it in a densefluidized condition in the lower part of said coking zone, with a moreor less distinct upper surface separating said stream from an overheadsettling region containing a gas-coke mixture of relatively low density;downwardly introducing hot finely divided coke into said coking zoneabove said upper surface and at an upstream point of said uidized cokestream, said coke having a temperature substantially above thetemperature of said tluidized stream; spraying said hydrocarbon oil onsaid freshly introduced hot coke at a ratio of oil to coke adapted topartially vaporize said oil and produce a mixture dry enough to fluidizein said uidized coke stream; depositing said mixture of introduced cokeand oil on the surface of said uidized stream and maintaining the ow ofsaid uidized stream at a rate which permits the distillation anddecomposition by heat of a portion of the oil deposited on the surfaceof said coke particles, and the conversion of the remainder to coke,thereby causing an accretion of coke, during the time required for saidstream to carrv said particles through said coking zone; con- 13tinuously stripping product vapor from said stream by means of upwardlyiiowing aerating gasto minimize the residence time of vaporized oil` offluidized coke; withdrawing product vapor from said settling regionabove said stream at points distributed along the iiow of said stream;withdrawing coke from a downstream point of said iiuidized coke stream;mixing saidwithdrawn coke with an oxygen-containing gas to partiallyburn said coke suiciently to supp'ly heat for recontacting with oilfeed,
and simultaneously transferring vsaid coke particles in 2 suspension insaid gas to a point of substantially higher elevation than the point ofintroduction of said particles into said coking stream; settlingparticles ofv partially burned and heated coke from said suspension, andiiowing them downwardly into said contacting zone in the mannerdescribed.
8. The process for coking and distilling a residual hydrocarbon oilwhich comprises: continuously supplying hot petroleum coke in linelydivided form to an oil vaporizing section of a coking zone, intimatelymixing the hot coke with residual oil in the oil vaporizing section toeifect vaporization of a. portion of the oil and decomposition ofunvaporized constituents of the oil with deposition of carbon on thesurfaces of the coke particles, discharging into one end -of ahorizontally elongated soaking section of the coking zone the mixture ofoil vapors and coke particles bearing unvaporized constituents of theoil undergoing decomposition, settling the coke particles out of the oilvapors, maintaining the settled coke as a relatively dense iiuid-likemass by the passage of aerating and stripping gas upwardly therethrough,separately withdrawing from a point above the Huid-like bed of coke inthe coking zone the hydrocarbon vapors separated therein, scrubbing saidwithdrawn vapors with said residual oil to entrain in said residual oilcoke particles carried out of the coking zone in suspension in saidvapors, thereafter passing the residual oil with entrained cokeparticles to the oil vaporizing step, iiowing the fluid-like bed of cokehorizontally from the inlet of the soaking section of the coking zone toa coke discharge point at the opposite end of said section, withdrawingcoke from said coking zone at the coke discharge point, suspendingwithdrawn coke in air under conditions effective to initiate combustion,maintaining the coke as a relatively dilute suspension thereof in saidair throughout a partial combustion of the coke to heat it to atemperature substantially higher than the temperature at which the cokeis discharged from the coking zone, separating the hot partially burnedcoke from the flue gases, and supplying the hot coke to the oil vaporingzone, as described.
9. The process for coking and distilling a residual hydrocarbon oilwhich comprises: continuously supplying hot petroleum coke in finelydivided form to an oil vaporizing section of a coking zone,intimately'mixing the hot coke with residual oil in the oil vaporizingsection to effect vaporization of a portion of the oil and decompositionof unvaporized constituents of the oil with deposition of carbon on thesurfaces of the coke particles, discharging into one end of ahorizontally elongated soaking section of the coking zone the mixture ofoil vapors and coke particles bearing unvaporized constituents of theoil undergoing decomposition, settling the coke particles out of the oilvapors, maintaining the settled coke as a relatively dense Huid-likemass by the passage of aerating and stripping gas upwardly therethrough,separately withdrawing from a point above the fluid-like bed of coke inthe coking zone the hydrocarbon vapors separated therein, flowing theuid-like bed of coke horizontally from the inlet of the soaking sectionof the coking zone to a coke discharge point at the opposite end of saidsection, withdrawing coke from said coking zone at the coke dischargepoint, suspending withdrawn coke in a stream of air flowing upwardly ata velocity such that the coke particles are carried therein as arelatively dilute suspension, the temperature of the coke and the airbeing such as to r owing aerating gas initiate combustion, flowing therelatively dilute suspension upwardly for a distance effective to heatthe coke by partial combustion thereof to a temperature substantiallyhigher than the temperature at which the coke is 'discharged from thecoking zone, separating the hot coke from the ue gas at a levelsubstantially higher than the level of the oil vaporizing section, andtransferring the separated hot coke downwardly to the oil vaporizingsection as a vertically elongated dense iiuidized column effective toovercome the pressure drop experienced by the coke in flowing throughthe coking and burning zones.
10. A process for coking and distilling a hydrocarbon oil, whichincludes the steps of iiowing through an elongated coking zone ahorizontally extended stream of iinely divided hot coke, the depth ofsaid stream being shallow relative to its length in the direction offlow; owing aerating gas upwardly through said stream to maintain it ina dense liuidized condition in the lower part of-said coking zone, witha more or less distinct upper surface separating said stream from anoverhead settling region containing a gas-coke mixture of relatively lowdensity; continuously introducing a mixture of hot finely divided cokeand residual oil into said coking zone at an upstream point of saidfluidized coke stream, said coke having a temperature substantiallyabove the temperature of said iiuidized stream at a ratio of oil to cokeadapted to partially vaporize said oil and produce a mixture dry enoughto iiuidize in said fluidized coke stream; maintaining the flow of saiduidized stream at a rate which permits the distillation anddecomposition of a portion of the oil deposited on the surface of saidcoke particles, and the conversion of the remainder to coke, therebycausing an accretion of coke, during the time required for said streamto carry said particles through said coking zone; continuously strippingproduct vapor from said stream by means of upwardly iiowing aerating gasto minimize the residence time of vaporized oil in said iiuidized coke;withdrawing product vapor from said settling region above 'said stream;withdrawing coke from a downstream point of said liuidized coke stream;mixing said withdrawn coke with an oxygen-containing gas to partiallyburn said coke suiiiciently to supply heat for recontacting with oilfeed, and simultaneously transferring said coke particles in suspensionin said gas to a point of substantially higher elevation than the pointof introduction of said particles into said coking stream; settlingparticles of partially burned and heated coke from said suspension, andflowing them downwardly into said contacting zone in the mannerdescribed.
1l. A process for coking and distilling a hydrocarbon oil, whichincludes the steps of iiowing through an elongated coking zone asubstantially horizontal stream of iinely divided hot coke, the depth ofsaid stream being shallow relative to its length in the direction offlow; flowing aerating gas upwardly through said stream to maintain itin a dense uidized condition in the lower part of said coking zone, witha more or less distinct upper surface separating said stream from anoverhead settling region containing a gas-coke mixture of relatively lowdensity; introducing hot finely divided coke into said coking zone at anupstream point of said iiuidized coke stream, said coke having atemperature substantially above the temperature of said liuidizedstream; spraying said hydrocarbon oil on said freshly introduced hotcoke at a ratio of oil to coke adapted to partially vaporize said oiland produce a mixture dry enough to i'luidize in said fluidized cokestream; maintaining the flow of said fluidized stream at a rate whichpermits the distillation and decomposition by heat of a portion of theoil deposited on the surface of said coke particles, and the conversionof the remainder to coke, thereby causing an accretion of coke, duringthe time required for said stream to carry said particles through saidcoking zone; continuously stripping product vapor from said stream bymeans of upwardly to minimize the residence time of vaporized oil insaid fluidized coke; withdrawing product vapor from said settling regionabove said stream', withdrawing coke from a downstream point of saiduidized coke stream; mixing said withdrawn coke with a gas to transfersaid coke particles in suspension in said gas to a point ofsubstantially higher elevation than the point of introduction of saidparticles into said coking stream; settling particles of coke from saidsuspension, and flowing them downwardly into said contacting zone in themanner described; heating said coke during said transfer steps to atemperature between 950 F. and 1150" F.; and introducing said hot cokeinto said coking zone at a rate such that the coke is not cooled to atemperature lower than 750 F. during its passage to said coke-dischargepoint.
12. A process for coking and distilling a hydrocarbon oil, whichincludes the steps of: owing through an elongated coking zone asubstantially horizontal stream of nely divided hot coke, the depth ofsaid stream being shallow relative to its length in the direction of ow;owing aerating gas upwardly through said stream to maintain it in adense uidized condition in the lower part of ysaid coking zone, with amore or less distinct upper surface separating said stream from anoverhead settling region containing a gas-coke mixture of relatively lowdensity; introducing hot nely divided coke into said coking zone at arelatively hot upstream point of said fluidized coke stream, said cokehaving a temperature substantially above the average temperature alongsaid uidized stream; spraying said hydrocarbon oil on said freshlyintroduced hot coke at a ratio of oil to coke adapted to partiallyvaporize said oil and produce a mixture dry enough to uidize in saidiluidized coke stream; owing said fluidized stream at decreasingtemperature and diminishing oil vapor content to a downstream dischargepoint; maintaining said ow at a rate which permits the distillation anddecomposition by heat of a portion of the oil deposited on the surfaceof said coke particles, and the conversion of the remainder to coke,thereby causing an accretion of coke, during the time required for saidstream to carry said particles through said coking zone; continuouslystripping product vapor from said stream by means of upwardly owingaerating gas to minimize the residence time of vaporized oil in saiduidized coke; withdrawing product vapor from said settling region abovesaid stream; withdrawing coke from a downstream point of said'fluidizedcoke stream; mixing said Withdrawn coke with an oxygen-containing gas topartially burn said coke suiciently to supply heat for recontacting withoil feed, and simultaneously transferring said coke particles insuspension in said gas to a point of substantially higher elevation thanthe point of introduction of said particles into said coking stream;settling particles of partially burned and heated coke from saidsuspension, and owing them downwardly into said contacting zone in themanner described.
13. A process as described in claim 1() in which said coking isinitiated by introducing hot non-carbonaceous particles into said cokingzone at said upstream point to start the ow of uidized solids throughsaid horizontally extended coking zone.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,328,325 Butikofer Aug. 31, 1943 2,339,932 Kuhl Ian. 25, 1944 2,362,270Hemminger Nov. 7, 1944 2,371,619 Hartley Mar. 20, 1945 2,385,446 Jewellet al Sept. 25, 1945 2,419,245 Arveson Apr. 22, 1947 2,443,714 ArvesonJune 22, 1948 2,445,328 Keith July 20, 1948 2,462,366 Davies et al. Feb.22, 1949 2,492,998 Lassiat Jan. 3, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 419,444 GreatBritain Nov. 8, 1934
1. A PROCESS FOR COKING AND DISTILLING RESIDUAL HYDROCARBON OIL WHICHCOMPRISES FORMING AND MAINTAINING IN THE LOWER PART OF A COKING ZONE AHORIZONTALLY EXTENDED BED OF FINELY DIVIDED HOT COKE, FLOWING AERATINGGAS UPWARDLY THROUGH SAID COKE BED TO MAINTAIN ALL PARTS THEREOF IN ARELATIVELY DENSE FLUIDIZED CONDITION WHEREBY THE BED IS CAPABLE OFLATERAL FLOW, DISCHARGING A MIXTURE OF HOT FINELY DIVIDED COKE ANDRESIDUAL OIL INTO THE COKING ZONE AT ONE END OF THE COKE BED WHEREBY THEADDED COKE MERGES WITH THE COKE BED AND THE RESIDUAL OIL IS PARTLYVAPORIZED BY THE HEAT OF THE ADDED HOT COKE AND THE UNVAPORIZED PORTIONIS DEPOSITED ON THE SURFACES OF HOT COKE PARTICLES FOR DISTILLATION ANDDECOMPOSITION BY THE HEAT OF THE COKE CONTINUOUSLY STRIPPING SAID OILVAPORS FROM SAID HORIZONTALLY FLOWING BED BY MEANS OF SAID AERATING GASTO DIMINISH THE AMOUNT OF OIL VAPOR IN SAID BED AS IT FLOWS DOWNSTREAM,MAINTAINING A DISENGAGING SPACE ABOVE SAID HORIZONTALLY FLOWING BED FORCOLLECTING SAID VAPORIZED | 2024-03-22 | 1949-11-26 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1955-09-13"
} |
US-320263D-A | Track-scraper for railroads
(No Model.)
H; M. LITTELL.
TRACK SGRAPER FOR RAILROADS.
No. 320,268. Patented June 16, 1885.
y e n r 0 t t drurnn STATES HARVEY MITCHELL LITTELL, OF ST. PAUL,11:14AM iub'UlA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE HALF TO HARDIN HETH LITTELL, OFLOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.
TR'ACK-SCRAPER FOR RAILROADS.
:TLIECIPICATIGN forming part of Letters Patent No. 320,263, dated June16, 1885.
Application filed April 20, 1 85. (No model.)
To (LZZ who/n it may concern- Be it known that I, HARvnY MITCHELL Lrr-TELL, of St. Paul, in the county of Ramsey and State of Minnesota,haveinventcd certain new and useful Improvements in 'lrack-Serapers forRailroads; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear,and exact description of theinvention, which will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of referencemarked thereon, which form part of this specification.
The object of my invention is to provide a track-cleaner which shall beeasily and quickly operated when it is used for the removing of snow,stones, or other obstacles that would obstruct free passage over thetrack, and, further, the providing of such cleaner that wouldsuccessfully withstand sudden shocks or concussion without breaking orbecoming disconnected in any manner; and it consists in theconstruction, arrangement, and combination of parts, as will behereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the annexedspecification and claims, taken together with the accompanying drawings,in which- Figure l is a detail perspective view, partly in section, of acar-platform to which my improvement is attached, and showing fully thenovel features. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan or inverted view of thecar-platform to more fully illustrate my invention. Fig. .3 is asectional view in detail taken on the line m, Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is adetail view of the stay brace or bar 1).
Letters of reference indicate the parts referred to throughout thespecification, in which- A represents the frame of an ordinarystreetcar.
B represents a roekshaft or support, of any suitable metal, and extendstransversely across the front of the under part of the car, and works inthe hearings or hangers S S, which are bolted to the beams 0 0. At thecenter of the bar B projects an arm, 6, formed integral therewith, andis provided at one end with the rectangular recess f.
0 represents a footlever, which is pivotally secured in the recess f,formcdin the bar e,and works in the elongated slot in, formed in theplatform N and plate which is designed to act as a guide for the lever.At the upper end of the lever is formed a groove, 0', adapted 5 5 toengage with the ratchet a, to keep the scraper elevated above the trackwhen its serviceis not needed.
It is possible in many instances for the lever O to become disconnectedfrom the ratchet a,
caused by sudden jars when descending grades, which would result in thedropping of the scrapers, and without timely warning might causeaccident. lherefore, to prevent this, I
provide a wedge or key, I), to fit tightly in that 6 portion of the slotat left vacant by the lever when the scraper or cleaner is disengaged,as in Fig. 3. To the wedge is attached a chain, c, which. is secured tothe dash-board L for the purpose of removing the wedge and keeping itwithin convenient reach of the driver.
d d are arms formed at a diverging angle to the rocksha-ft l3, and againbent to still another diverging angle, which latter angle forms thesupport to which scrapers 26% are secured.
These arms and scrapers are retained in place coincident to the track bystay brace or bar D, which bears against the scrapers, preventing themfrom slipping and working out of place. sential features of myinvention. Heretofore the angleirons carrying the scrapers extended fromthe rock-shaft to the scrapers without any transverse support,exceptperhaps angular braces, which, as a whole, served no pur- 85 poseexcept to prevent a collapse or closing of the scrapers together, anddid not serve the purpose of stiffening the frame-work and keeping thescrapers to the track, which mine effectually does. made in such mannerthat it can be readily put onto any track-cleaner of any width. 1 makeit ordinarily of three pieces. The bracebar has two stub-end heads-oneat each endand straps which can he slipped on said stub- 5 ends over thearms carrying the scrapers, and afterward either keyed, bolted, orshrunk on the stub end of the bar. This cross-bar materially andeffectually stiffens the frame of the traekcleaner and keeps theserapcrsin IOO The stay-brace 1) forms one of the cs Thiscross-sustaining bar is 0 position, thus avoiding the objectionheretofore raised against track-cleaners of this character.
The arms (I d are secured'and held firmly at their upper ends to therock-shaft B by nuts h h.
\Vhen the services of the scrapers are not wanted, the lever is presseddown by the foot of the driver and the groove 1' brought into contactwith the ratchet (1. Then the wedge or key I) is dropped into the slotback of the lever, holding the cleaner mechanism firmly elevated abovethe track.
I am aware that track-cleaners have been in use and operated byhand-levers which are secured in proximity to the outside of thedashboard, and provided with cross-bars and angularlyset arms, withscrapers attached, and do not claim such in my combination; but
What I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. In a trackcleaner, the foot lever and ratchet, the plate or guide,and the wedge, in combination with the arms, substantially as described.
2. In a track-cleaner, the foot-lever, the ratchet, the Wedge and chain,the plate or guide, the stay-brace, and the oscillating frame 7 B d, incombination With the scrapers, substantially as described, and for thepurpose set forth.
3. In a track-cleaner, the combination of HARVEY MITCHELL LITTELL.
Witnesses:
JOHN I. THOMPSON, F. W. DAVIS.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1885-06-16"
} |
US-10631016-A | Fire-shutter.
T. E. COLLINS.
FIRE SHUTTER.
APPLICATION man JUNE 28, 1916.
Patented Oct. 9,1917.
2 SHEETS-SHEET l I 720772062 Collz'mi Patented 0 1;. 9, 1917.
Z SHEETS-SHEET 2.
awM M a 5 T. E. COLLINS. FIRE SHUTTER.
' APPLlCATlON FILED JUNE 28, 1916. 1,242,658;
To all whom it may concern:
" WEED W Wares.
. THOMAS E. COLLINS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
FIRE-SHUTTER.
7 Be it known that I,T1-1oMAs E. CoL INs, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State ofIllinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inFire-Shutters, (Case 2,) of which the following is'af full, clear,concise, and exact description, refereiencebeing had to the accompanyingdrawing,
forming a part of this specification.
My invention relates to automatic fire shutters. a I
The conditions ofoperation imposed upon devices of this class aresevere. These devicesare generally employed to guard openas a door andduring fire conditions it must serve as an automatic closure.
- Devices of this class generally consist of a door or shutter elementwhich may be operated normally as a door and a closing means which isnormally inactive but which becomes active to positively close door orshutter element upon the occurrence of fire conditions. Due to thenecessity of using a powerful and positively acting closing means, theautomatic shutter is exposed to various severe usage. This has beenremedied to;an extent by the application .,of governing means forregulatlng the speed ofclosure. On some types of doors, the governingmeans is constantly connected .to the shutter. It thereforeis subject tocontinual wear by the ordinary usage of the device as a door and may toa certain extent lose its adjustment. It alsomakes the door morediflicult to operate. V
Other devices have been proposed whereby'the governing device is in'thenature of a spring or the like forcounterbalancing or governing theclosing means. gThis spring is normally disconnected from the shutterand becomes-connected only upon the occurrence of firecondition. Thistype of governor or .controllerhas been found to be cylinder-and airport; and
the same.
Specification of Letters Patent. Patented 0013.9, 1917; Applicationfiled June 28,1916. SeriaLNO. 106,310. l i
unreliable as the spring tension varies and may inadvertently'becomejchan'ged or lost so that fallure results. Furthermore, to besuccessful the door must always be inth'e same position when theautomatic closing diflicult to determine the condition of the device. pY
My lnvention a'nns to provide a simple and eflicient brake 1ncomblnatlon with an automatically closing shutter which is free from theabove ob ectlon and which 1s accessible and inexpensive and which isreadily adjustable to secure different speeds'of op eration. V v
I In the accompanying drawings in which I have illustrated one form ofmy invention V Figure 1 is a front elevation with parts broken away of afire shutter-embodying my invention;
Fig. 2 is a left hand elevation of the same;
Fig. 3 is aright hand elevation of the same on a slightly enlargedscale; i
Fig. 4: is a front View of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3; V 3
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary detail view of the F ig. 6 is a view taken at pA shutter or curtainl (see Fig. 3) "has its upperend attached to'thedrum 2, themajor portion of the curtain being normally wound [rightangles to '60 means is applied,totherwise the spring ten- I upon. thedrum. The curtain 1 is'composed of a number of metallic sections securedtogether in such manner as to permit the curtain to be wound upon thedrum as described. The drum 2 is supported at the left end upon a shaft3 and at its right end upon" a shaft 4, these two shafts being axiallyin line. A
counterbalancing springois containedwithin the drum 2 and this springhasone end attached to the shaft 3 and the other end attached to the drum2. The tension of the spring may be suitably adjusted by means of aplate Bywhich is keyed to the shaft 3.
The plate 6fis provided with a number jof ends of which bar projectbetween the parallel sides of the angle bars lt and 15 which form agroove for guiding the bar'13. An angle bar 16 is attached to the frontof the bar 13 and a channel bar 17 is attached to the rear of the bar13. The outer end or flange of the channel bar 17 is adapted to engagethe lintel 18 of the doorway. An iron bar 19 is normally suspended froma shaft 20 and is adapted under fire conditions, as will be describedlater, to be dropped into'the channel 17 to cause the curtain to belowered. The bar 19 is provided with hooks 21 which engage arms 22 onthe shaft 20 so that when the shaft 20 turns into the position shown inFig. 3, the bar 19 will be supported upon the shaft 20. A pair of cables23 are supported from brackets 24 and these cables pass through the endsof the bar 19 forming guides therefor to prevent accidental displacementof the bar 19.
The shaft 20 has bearings in the end plates 10 and 11. The left hand endof the shaft 20 has a weighted raising lever 25 secured thereto as by apin or T. The lever v25 is'normally held in the raised position, asshown in Figs. 1 and 2, by means of a controlling lever 26 which isformed in the shape of a bell crank and pivoted to a plate 27 secured tothe end plate 10. The horizontal arm of the bell crank 26 is adapted tobe moved under the end of the weighted lever 25, the vertical arm of thebell crank 26 being held by a wire or cable 28 which includes a fusiblelink 29 in such position as to be subjected to any excessive rise oftemperature, such as would occur in case of fire. The opposite end ofthe cable 28 is secured to the vertical arm of a bell crank lever 31which controls the connection of the governor to the drum. It is obviousthat the cable 28, instead of being secured between the two controllingbell crank levers, may be connected through a suitable abutment orstationary object, or may be so arranged as to release the twocontrolling levers at substantially the same time. It is also obviousthat a single controlling lever may be employed to control both deviceswithout departing from my invention.
y The governor which I'employ is normally disconnected from the shuttermechanism so a door Without operating the governor.
There is thus a minimum of wearv upon the governor. The curtain is notsubject to the drag ofa governor during normal oper ation. The shaft 4which is connected to the .drum 2 projects out through the end plate 11and bears a gear 32 which is keyed to the shaft 1. A weighted bell cranklever 33 having the longer arm 34- projecting outward from the wall ingenerally a horizontal direction, is pivoted at 35 to the end plate 11.The other endof the bell crank lever 33 bears a pin 36 which'serv'esas abearing forthe pinion 37. The pinion-37 is preferably providedwith aflange 38 formed integrally with the body of the pinion to provideproper support for the wrist pin 40 which may be screwed into any one ofthe holesll, 42 and A3. 'The purpose of the adjustment of the locationof the crank pin 40 is to secure a greater or less stroke. A suitablecylinder 44 is mounted upon the end plate 11 in a generally verticaldirection in position to be operated by the pinion 37 when the same isrotated. The cylinder 4 1 is provided with a piston 45 mounted on thepiston rod 4.6. The piston rod 46 extends completely through thecylinder, being guided by suitable bearings in the cylinder head at bothends. The
piston rod is connected by a suitable wrist have ports therethrough, asshown in Figs.
5 and 6 controlled by suitable means such as the set screws 51. Theweighted arm of the bell crank 33 is normally in the raised position asshown in full lines inFig. 3 and the pinion 37 is out of mesh with thegear 32. The controlling lever'31 is pivoted on a plate 52 secured tothe end plate 11. A swinging latch member 53 is pivoted to the bottom ofthe plate 52 and lies in such position that when the Weighted arm 34%drops downwardly to put the gear 32 and the pinion 37 in mesh, the armwill be held in the downward position to prevent disengagement of thegears. A suitable stop or bracket 5% is provided to prevent excessivemovement of the arm'3l. It can- At the same time, the weighted arm 34,be-
ing released, throws the pinion 37 into engagement with the gears 32 sothat the drum is connected to the governor by the release of the thermalcontrol. The air governor forms a dashpot or fluid brake which iseffective to secure a rapid but smooth descent of the curtain. As thecurtain unwinds the effective diameter of the drum becomes less and dueto the increase in speed the governor becomes more effective.
This fluid brake is not to be confused with a friction brake as thevoperation of the two are totally different. The fluid brake preventsless friction to movement for slow speed than it does for high speed,presenting practically zero resistance to start the same. In a frictionbrake, on the contrary, the friction is excessive just before startingand becomes less after move ment is initiated.
It is apparent that the fluid brake may be otherwise constructed andthat the means for connecting the same operativel to the drum may bevaried and I consi er such variations to be within the spirit and scopeof my invention.
' I claim:
1. In combination a flexible curtain, a drum for said curtain, means forlowering said curtain, a gear connected to said drum, a pivoted arm, apinion having a bearing on said arm, said pinion being adapted to meshwith said gear but being normally out of mesh therewith, a fluiddash-pot connected to said pinion to oppose rotation thereof, andautomatic thermally controlled means for moving saidvarm to cause the Ipinion to mesh with said gear, and latching means for holding said armin position to maintain said gear and said pinion in mesh.
2. In combination, a casing having a roller therein and a shutter woundon said roller, a weight to move the shutter, a restraining arm for theweight, a gear operable with said roller, a lever pivoted adjacent saidgear and carrying a pinion, a fluid brake connected with the pinion,fusible means to restrain said arm and lever, destruction of saidfusible means permitting the weight to actuate the shutter and allowingsaid lever to move said pinion into mesh tard movement of the shutter.
with the gear to connect the brake and re- 8. In combination, a drumhaving a fiexible shutter wound thereupon, a weight to cause descent ofsald curtaln, a gear'on said drum, a reciprocating fluid brake having av crank and connecting rod, a pinion associated therewith, a levercarrying said pin-' ion, a restraining arm for said lever to maintainsaid pinion out of engagement with said gear, means to suspend saidweight, and fusible means extending between said weight suspending meansand said lever, whereby upon destruction of the fusible means said leverand said weight suspending means will be simultaneously actuated.
4. In combination, a casing, a roller mounted therein and a flexibleshutter wound on said roller, and a weight to lower the shutter, arestraining arm for the weight, a gear operable with said roller, a
' lever pivoted on said casing and carrying a pinion, retarding meansconnected to the pinion, means to support said lever, and a fusiblemeans weight arm and last said means. I
5. In combination, a casing having a roller therein and a curtain woundon said roller, a weight to lower the curtain, means to restrain theweight composed of an arm,
a gear connected to the drum, a retarding and the pivoted arm droppedbringing said pinion into engagement with the gear to retard thedownward movement of the cur tain.
In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 21st day ofJune A.D. 1916.
THOMAS E. COLLINS.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0.
extending between the
| 2024-03-22 | 1916-06-28 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1917-10-09"
} |
US-1899713326-A | Floor-setting tool.
No. 634,561. Patented Oct. 1,1399. L. A. MANWABING.
FLOOR SETTING TOOL.
( Application filed Apr. 17, -1
(No Medal.)
UNITED} STATES.
PATENT OFFICE.
LEVERETT A. MANWARING, OF LEBANON, CONNECTICUT.
FLOOR-SETTING TOOL.
SPECIFICATION Application filedApril 17, 1399 To all whom it mayconcern:
Be it known that I, LEVERETT A. MANWAR- ING, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Lebanon, in the county of New London and State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFloor-Setting Tools; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in [O the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters ofrefer- Y ence marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.
r 5 This invention relates tonew and useful im-' provements infloor-setting devices, and especially to a tool of this character inwhich a lever is provided having pivoted thereto a clevis with spurends, which are adapted to be driven into the floor-joist, and asettingblock, which is apertured and fitted over, the lever and having ametallic grooved face for engagement with the tongue of the flooring,whereby as the lever is swung toward the matched edge of the floor theboards are crowded tightly together. i
To these ends and to such others as the invention may pertain the sameconsists, further, in the novel construction, combination,
0 and adaptation of parts, as will be hereinafter more fully describedand then specifically defined in the appended claim;
My invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which,with the let- 5. ters of reference marked thereon, form a part of thisapplication, and in which drawings- Figure 1 is a perspective viewshowing my floor-setting tool as secured to a joist, with thesetting-block engaging with the tongue of the floor-board. Fig. 2 is anenlarged view.
in perspective of the tool.
Reference now being had to the details of the drawings by letter, Adesignates the handie or lever of the tool, which at one end is formedinto a hook A, whereby the tool may forming part of Letters Patent No.634,561, dated October 10, 1899.
Serial No. 713,326. (No model.)
be hung up when not in use. At any suitable location on the handle, asat b, the clevis B is pivoted, said clevis having spurs B, which areadapted to be driven into the side of the floor-joist when the tool isadjusted for use. The setting-block D is made, preferably, of twopieces, the wooden body portion being aper'tured, as at D, through whichthe handle passes, as shown, while at the straight edge 7 be readilyunderstood, as the spurs of the pivoted clevis-shaped member are driveninto the side of the joist, and as the upper end of the handle is swungtoward the flooring being.
set the setting-block will beforced against the tongue of thefloor-board and the' latter forced tightly in a matched relation.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim to be new, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, .is
A floor-setting device, consisting of the floor-block having an aperturewith a convexed wall, a removable tongue secured in the elongated edgeof said block combined with the handle A having a clevis-shaped member Bwith spur ends B, said handle car rying ascrew on the shank of which ispivoted said member B, and the retaining-pin H, all arranged,substantially as shown and described.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
LEVERETT A. MANVVARING.
Witnesses:
H. P. BUELL,
DAUDEY.
| 2024-03-22 | 1899-04-17 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1899-10-10"
} |
US-316086D-A | Folding bedstead
(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. F. H. WALKER.
FOLDING BBDSTEAD. No. 316,086. e Patented Apr. 21, 1885.
e Je# (No Model. 4 Sheets-Sheet 2` P. H. WALKER'.
FOLDING BEDSTEAD.- No. 316,0E6- lPatented Apr. 21, 1885.
n, PETERS mlvumugnpw. wmangxn. n. c.
v4 Sheets-Sheet 3.
(No Model.)
' F, H.v WALKER.
FOLDING- BEDSTEAD..
Patented Apr. 21, 1885.
M\\ m Y fw .KO NN kA. .de M Q L n W s 50m-, m 77 M x 7o Y@ z .VII-- lWitmww:
(No M dem 4 sh'et-s-,sheet 4. F. H. WALKER.
FOLDING- BBDSTEAD.
=No. 316,086. Patented Apr. 21, 1885.
@a/K wir; v
Nrrnn STATES FRANCIS H. WALKER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
FOLDING BEDSTEAD.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 316,086, dated April217 1885.
n Appncatnn inea December 8,1833. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Beit known that I, FRANors H. WALKER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented a new and Improved Folding Bedstead, of which the following isa speciication.
The object of my invention is the production of a folding bedstead whichshall economize room, be simple, ornamental in shape, and of convenientand reliable construction.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is.
a perspective view of my improved folding bedstead, the same beingrepresented as when folded up and not in use. Fig. 2 is a section of thesame in the line :o x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the bedsteadwhen fully unfolded. Fig. 4 is a section in the line y g/ of Fig. 3before section C has been turned down, as in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a det-ailview, showing positions assumed by the supporting-legs of the front sideof the bedstead during the act of manipulating the bedstead from itsclosed position shown in Fig. 1 to its fully-opened position shown inFig. 3. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the supporting-legs ofthe front side of the bedstead. Fig. 7 is a side view of the bedsteadfully unfolded for use.
In the drawings, A indicates the base-support of the bedstead, the samebeing open in rear, as clearly indicated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, andhaving a bottom portion, a, inclosed, as shown, except in rear, by afront wall, as a', and sidewalls, as a2. To this base-support, as at cc, is hinged a central section, B, of the bedstead, the same consistingof a front wall, b, a side wall,l bl', connectedto b by hinges c', andan opposite permanent side wall, b2. A permanent cap portion, b3, isfixedly connected with the front wall, b, and sidewalls, b b2, as shown,while to the cap portion b3 is connected a swinging cap portion, b4, byhinges, as at c2, and thus, when the bedstead is folded, as in Fig. 1,the parts b3 b4 can be utilized for the purpose of a mantel, which, ifthe same be covered with room ornaments, so as to conceal the hinges c2,the two portions b3 and b4 will appear to be solid, and at the same forman appropriate place of deposit for the ornaments. I would here statethat this central section, B, is made of a height sufficient to form thedesired width of the bedstead when in size nearly corresponds with thesize of sec-.
tion B, and united to section B by hinges c3 ci,
as shown in Fig. 3, whereby it may be folded v down upon the section Bwhen it is desirable to close the bedstead from its working positionindicated in Fig. 3 to its closed position indicated in Figs. 1 and 2.In Fig. 3 the bedstead is represented as having been placed, forexample, against one of the walls, X, ofa room or apartment in which itis to be used, and that the section B has been turned down and out fromthe foundation-section A, as shown in the gure. In thiscondition thebedstead thus far has been opened at right angles with the wall X, andwith the section C still folded in contact with the section B,asindicated in Fig. 4. The section C is now swung upon its hinges c3 c3 offfromsecti'on B intoits fully-extended position, as shown in Fig. 3,thereby forming the full effective length of the bedstead in a directionparallel with the wall X of the room', thus leavingbetween the bedsteadand the wall a space, y, for ventilation and accessibility to the @backside77 of the bed,whileat the same time the bedstead itself islongitudinally parallel with the wall X of the apartment, and out of theway of the main available space of the apartment, which is not` thecasein that class of folding bedsteads whose whole length is at rightangles with the wall when open for use.
By reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 4 it will be seen that my foldingbedstead is provided with front supporting-legs, D D, havinglever-acting shanks, as c l, at right angles to the legs proper, andthat the shanks d pass through proper openings d', formed in the wall b,and are retained in position by pins e, which pass through the shanksand into contiguous parts of the section B. A Thus when the section B ofthe bedstead is thrown from its position seen in Fig. 2 to its positionin Figs. 3 and 4 the legs D will articulate upon the pins'e.l Toaccomplish this articulation I attach standards F F in any proper mannerto the base-section A, as shown, and at the top of each standardpivotally apply a pitman or connecting bar, G, by a pin, f, at one endof the bar, while its opposite end is pivotally attached to the ICOshank d, as at f. Thus, the bars G beingat one end pivotally attached toposts orstandards F, iixedly secured to the foundation section A, and attheir opposite ends pivotally attached, as at f ,to the shanks d, whichshanks move upon pins e as an axis of articulation, it will be seen thatwhen the section B is drawn forward from its position as shown in Figs.1 and 2 to its position as in Figs. 3 and4 the legs D will beautomatically thrown from their positions shown in Figs. l and 2 totheir positions shown in Fig. 4, and that during this act thelegs D willalways maintain such vertical position as will enable them to act asfront supporting-legs when the bedstead is unfolded, and as ornamentalparts or brackets resting against the front wall, b, when the bedsteadis closed up, as represented in Fig. 1.
Heretofore in this class of furniture cumbersome, ungainly,and expensivedevices consisting in part either of toggle-joints or ratchets or cogshave been employed to move the supporting-legs; but allsuch appliances Idispense with simply by the use of the bar G, connected directly to theleg D and a post or standard fixed to the supporting-section A.
rlhe exposed front surfaces of the legs D,as shown in the figures, Ipropose to ornament with carved work, and thus when the bedstead isclosed up said legs will appear as brackets under the cap b3,and greatlycontribute to the artistic appearance of the bedstead, while from itsgeneral outward appearance it would be regarded by the casual observereither as a mantel-piece or bureau, or other chamber or ornamentalfurniture of like character.
By constructing the bedstead in three sections, as A B C, the height ofthe same, as a whole, when closed up, as in Fig. 1, will accord withthat average standard height desirable for a mantel or bureaufurniture,while its general form and compactness,when closed,
will assist in concealing the fact of its being a` folding bedstead, andalthough it maybe left entirely open at the back for purposes ofventilation while closed up, as in Fig. 1, that fact will remainunexposed to the observer, the bedstead being set against the mop-boardof the apartment. When the section B is thrown into-the horizontalposition shown in Fig. 4, the. hinged part b4 is folded down, as shownin said figure, thus leaving the top of the side rails, g g, of saidsection as the upper level Vof the bedstead-frame, and so when thevframesection C is unfolded from the section B, as shown in Figs. 3 and7, its rails g g practically beconie an extension of the rails g g ofthe section B, and thus the two. sections together form a properlongitudinal bed-frame extending parallel to the lwallX of the apartmentwhen the bed-frame is completely unfolded for use. It will be seen byreference to Fig. 1 that the wall b is hinged at c cto the front wall,b, of the bedstead,and thatitproperly serves as aside wall for thebedstead when :in a closed condition. In operating the bedstead, if thesection B is drawn down into its position shown in Fig. 4, the sectionC, connected therewith by hinges c c,will rest upon it, as will bemanifest by inspecting section B in Fig. 2, and then supposing it to bedrawn down into the position shown in Fig 4, after which the section Gis lifted off from B and swung over into its position shown in Figs. 3
and 7, lthus completing the full length of the bedstead. When in aclosed state, the hinged wall b covers in the section C, and thus thesection C cannot be unfolded, as in Fig. 3. without turning down thewall b,as'indicated in Fig. 3, and this it does by pressing against thehinged wall b in the act of unfolding. cross-bar, h, connects the sidebars, g g', of the section C, and a chain, h, is attached to thecross-bar h, and also to the hinged wall b, so that when the section Gisfolded up the hinged wall b will be drawn back into position as aprotecting end wall of the bedstead. Swinging legs mmare applied to thesection C, as indicated in'Fig.3,and automatically swing down and form asupport for this section. These legs,when the section C is in the act ofbeing folded up, automatically fold up and rest upon pins mm, projectingfrom the side rails, g g', as shown. At 1" 1" (see Fig. 3) an innerportion of the thickness of the wall b is cut away, so as to allow theside rails, g g', to assume a horizontal position, as indicated in thefigure, when section C is unfolded.
It will be understood that in order to make the folding bedstead assumealongitudinal relation in respect to the wall X of a room against themop-board s of which the bedstead i is placed when in use, a hinged endwall, as b', must be provided, as shown in Fig. 1, which will turn downout of the way of the section C when the section is being unfolded, andwhich also will serve, in connection with other parts, to inclose thesections B and G when the bedstead is folded up, as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 shows the bedstead fully unfolded, the section C being shown indotted lines as occupying a position upon the section B, as signified inFig. 4, before said section C is unfolded, as signified in solid linesin Fig. 7. unfolded it will be seen that the side wall b2, opposite tothe hinged side wall b', assumes the position and subserves the' purposeof a head-board to the bedstead.
What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-
1. Ihe combination of section B, compris-` ing walls b b b2 and sideportions, g,with low base A and section C, the portions being connectedby hinges, as at c c c", substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. The ycombination of the low base A, section B,'comprising walls b bb2 and side portions, g, a cap covering portion attached to sec f tionB, and the section C, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. The combination of the low base A, section B, comprising walls b b b2and side por-` Thus fully i IIO tions, g, eap-pieee bwith piece b4hinged to it,` 5. The combination, with the 10W base A,
and section C, substantially as and for the purpose described.
4. The combination,with the base A and section B, having the projectingcover, of the bracket-like supporting-legs D, having Shanks which areextended through the perforations d in the front Wall of section B, andpiyoted at e, standard F, attached to the base A, and connesting-bar G,pivoted to the said standards and legs D, substantially as and for thepurpose described.
of the section B, comprising Walls b b b2 and portions g, hingedthereto, section C, hinged to r 5 section B, and chain h,connecting thehinged Wall b and section C, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.
FRANCIS Ii. WALKER.
Witnesses: i
EDWIN R. WALKER, HENRY P. STOTT.
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"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1885-04-21"
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US-1901081509-A | Cremating-furnace.
No. 771,412 PATENTED OCT. 4, 1904. H. E. BRETT & A. B. BENTON.
GREMATING FURNACE.
APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 7, 1901.
6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
N0 MODEL.
No. 771,412 r PATENTED OUT. 4, 1904. H. E. BRETT & A. B. BENTON..
GREMATING FURNACE.
APPLICATION FILED 1am, 1901.
.NO MODEL. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
W/Wesse s No. 771,412 PATENTED OCT. 4, 1904. H. E. BRETT & A. B. BENTON.
GREMATING FURNACE.
APPLICATION TILED NOV. 7, 1901? 6 SHEETSSHEET 3.
N0 MODEL.
No. 771,412 PATENTED OCT. 4, 1904. H. E. BRETT & A. B. BENTON.
CREMATING FURNACE.
APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 7, 1901.
N0 MODEL.
6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.
No. 771,412 w I PATENTED OCT. 4, 1904. H. B. BRETT & A. B. BENTON.
GREMATING FURNACE.
No L. APPLICATION FILED 170V. 7, 1901.
e snnnws snnm 5.
mull m "H" 1111x11 @VyQ/M mam No. 771,412 PATENTED OCT. 4, 1904. H. E.BRETT & A. B. BENTON.
OREMA'IING FURNACE.
APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 7, 1901. N0 MODEL. 6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.
Wifivesses. I f a //7 enfors. .ZMW .Ckulioft A2667 a x/Z my fl I Hfforeg.
No. 771,412. Patented October 4, 1904.
UNITED STATES, PATENT OFFICE.
HENRY E. BRETT AND ARTHUR B. BENTON, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFOR- NIA,ASSIGNORS OF ONE-THIRD TO WILLIAM LE MOYNE VILLS, OF LOS ANGELES,CALIFORNIA.
CREMATlNG-FURNACE.
SPECII IFICA TION forming part of Letters Patent No. 771,412, datedOctober 4:, 1904.
Application filed November 7-, 1901. Serial No. 81,509. (No model.)
T all 107w"?! it 6 7] (WWWYIIF view taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 3. Fig. 7isa Be it known that we, HENRY E. BRETT and sectional view ofamoditiedconstruction,taken ARTHUR B. BENTON, both citizens of the on line 7 7 ofFig. 8. Fig. 8 is a horizontal United States, both residing at LosAngeles, sectional view taken on line 8 8 of Fig. 7.
5 in the county of Los Angeles and State of Gali- Fig. 9 is a detailview of the mask or outside fornia, have invented a new and usefulCrefurnace door. Fig. 10 is a detail view of a mating-Furnace, of whichthe following is a portion of the frame thereof. Fig. 11 is adespecitication. tail view of a portion of the outside or mask 55 Thisinvention relates to furnaces, and pardoor. Fig. 12 is a detail view ofa portion of IO ticularly to cremating-furnaces; and some of the frontdoor, illustrating the roller and closthe objects of the invention areto provide a ing-arms. Fig. 13 is an enlarged detail view constructionof this general character which of the peep-hole in the furnace-doors.Fig. will not be expensive in erection, will be du- 14 is an enlargeddetail view of an air-damper rable in service, and will be easily andcheaply employed. Fig. 15 is an enlarged detail view 5 operated. r ofthe elements employed in the construc- Another object of the inventionis to protion. Fig. 16 is a cross-section of the furvide for thedisposition of human bodies in an nace cutting the openings which leadfrom efficient, rapid, and economical manner,cornthe fire-chambers 61and 62 to the incinerating- 5 pletely consuming all of the gases evolvedchamber and to the space above the latter, re
20 from the body during the process of burning. spectively, looking inthe direction of the It is also an object of this invention to pro wall63 with the ash-pan omitted; and Fig. 17 vide for the use of liquid orgaseous fuel, but is a similar View of the modified construction also byslight modification permit the use of with the ash-pan omitted. 7 solidfuel. Similar characters of reference designate 5 Furthermore, anobjectof this invention is corresponding parts throughout the several toprovide for the handling of the bodies of views.
the dead and their ashes after cremation with Referring to the drawings,and preferably due respect without subjecting them to indigto Figs. 1 to6 and 9 to 15 thereof, the refer- 75 nities or doing violence to thefeelings of surence character 1 designates a wall or partition 3 vivorsor spectators. erected in front of the furnace proper and in lVith theseand other objects in view the in which an opening 2 may be constructedfor vention consists, essentially, in the construethe passage of thebody to be cremated, it betion, combination,and arrangement ofparts, ingunderstood that a chapel or receptionsubstantially as more fullydescribed in the room desirably adjoins the wall 1,and anchoredfollowing specification and illustrated in the in the wall 1 around theopeningQ is a frame 3, accompanying drawings, forming part of this Figs.1, 4, 9, and 10, constructed to receive a application, in which facingor finishing plate 4, preferably curved Figure 1 is a horizontal sectionthrough the or rounded to prevent the formation of cor- 8 5 incineratingand fire chambers. Fig. 2 is a ners or edges and to facilitate theintroduc- 4 front elevational view of the furnace with tion of the bodyinto the furnace, as well as the partition-wall removed and with otherto make a finish around the opening through parts omitted. Fig. 3 is aview taken on which the furnace-door maybe removed upon line 3 3 of Fig.1 with one of the burners detaching said plate 4. 9 and the ash-panomitted; Fig. 4 is a longi- Preferably secured upon the inside of thetudinal central section taken on line 4 4 of frame 3 is a brace 5,attached at either end to Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a rear elevational view ofthe sides of the frame 3 and having secured the furnace.Fig.6isalongitudinal sectional upon either side thereof guides or ways6,
Figs. 1 and 10, said brace serving as a stop or rest for the bottomofthe door 7, sliding in said ways.
The outside or mask door preferably embodies a frame 8, Fig. 11, overwhich is secured a sheet of material 9, preferably brass, desirablysurmounted by a lining 10, of asbestos or like substance, the same beingretained in position by a retaining-frame 11, substantially as shown insaid figure. The door 7may be provided with a chain or cable 12, Fig. 4,carrying a counterweight 13 and passing over a sheave or roller 15 uponthe wall 1 above the opening 2 and over a sheave or roller 16, carriedby a standard or support 17' upon the rear of the furnace, and by meansof this construction the view of the furnace proper can be quickly andeasily cut off as soon as the remains shall have passed beyond the wall1 during the introduction of the same intothe furnace, and the heat ispractically excluded from the anteroom or chapel by means of anair-space surrounding the furnace proper,
throughwhich a current of cool air is caused topass and by reasonof theconstruction of themask-door.
The furnace proper preferably embodies an outer wall or structure 18,braced by. buckstaves 19,and rods 20, while the front wall21 and rearwall 22 are desirably provided with angle-irons 23, and the front wall21 is preferably provided with an induction-opening 24, surrounded by ametallic frame 25, having guides or ways 26, constructed to, receive abrick-lined sliding door 27, preferably provided with a peep-hole orslide 28, through which the process of cremation can be observed, and itwill be understood that the opening 2,in the wall 1 and the opening 24in the wall 21 will coincide or register, so that the remains canbereadily introduced into the furnace proper.
Mounted in standards or arms 29 upon the door-frame is an antifrictiondevice or roller 30, constructed to receive and facilitate theintroduction of the casket or. remains into the furnace, and dependingclosing and directing arms 31 are preferably mounted upon the ends ofthe roller-shaft 32 and are constructed with bifurcated ends toreceiveguide-pins 33,,carrying springs 34 to, force the ends of saidarmsagainst the door, Figs. 2 and 12.
Mounted upon the front wall 21 is a frame 35, supporting sheaves orrollers 36 and 37, over which passes a chain or cable 38, carrying acounterweight 39, having a chain or cable 40 connected therewith andpassing over a;winch 41, Figs. 1 and 2, operated by a shaft 42, mountedin a bearing 43 upon the wall 1 and in a bracket 44 upon thewall 18 andcarrying a crank 45, by means of which the winch 41 is rotated to windthe chain or cable 40 thereon and raise the furnace-door 27, which maybe connected withsaid chain or cable 38 by bars or rods 46, Figs. 1 and2 of the drawings, and the winch-shaft 42may be provided with a ratchetand pawl 47 to prevent the accidental reverse movement of the shaft.
Within the outside wall 18, and preferably at a slight distancetherefrom, so as to constitute a dead-air chamber therebetween, is alining 48, of. fire-brick or other refractory material, to withstand theintense heat to which the interior construction is subjected, preferablyhaving an arched roof 49, Figs. 3, 4, and 6, and an extension 50 ispreferably provided, passing through the rear wall and adapted to beclosed by a brick-lined door 51, slidably mounted in ways or guides 52and connected with a counterweighted chain or cable 53, passing oversheaves or rollers 54 and 55 upon a. support or frame 56, secured uponthe rear wall of the furnace, and alockbar, 57 may be employed to securethe rear door 51 in a closed position, the same being only used to gain,access. to the incinerating and ash chambers, Figs. 1, 4, and 5, of thedrawings.
The incinerating-chamber 58, Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 6, preferably occupiesthe centralportion of the furnace, and access is affordedthereto bymeans of the front andrear doors 27 and 51 of the furnace, through theformer whereof the remains areintroduced into the incinerating-chamber,which is preferablyconstructed with an arched roof 59, that forms, withthe furnace-roof 49iand thewalls 60, a flue forthe flame of theleft-hand burner, said flame passing through the fire-chamber 62 againstthe break-wall 63, of checked brick,
.atthe front end of the fire-chamber, where the flame is retarded anddivided, and passes up through an opening inthe wall 60.to said flue orpassage again to the rear of the furnace after traversing and heatingthe roof of the incinerating-chamber.
The walls 60 between the incineratingchamber 58 and the fire-chambers61. and 62 are preferably constructed of, tiles 64, of re fractorymaterial, Figs. 1 and 15,,having a flange or rabbet 65, adapted to enterrecesses or grooves 66 in blocks 67, whereby athin wallof great strengthand rigidity is produced andone capable of enduring a great amountvofheat without injury.
The floor or bottom of the incineratingchamber 58 is desirably providedwith openings 68, Figs. 1 and 4, to permit the ashes from the consumedremains to, fall therethrough into a pan or receptacle 69 in theashchamber 70, desirably located directly below theincinerating-chamber.However, the ashpan may be dispensed with, and the ashes may falldirectly into the ash-chamber andvbe re moved therefrom by. means of asuitable brush.
Preferably arranged directly beneath the ash-chamber 70 is acombustion-chamber 71,
preferably separated therefrom by'a wall or partition 72, Fig. 4:,forming the bottom or floor of the chamber andextending as far back asthe end of the incinerating-chamber 58, so as to leave a vertical flueor passage 73, through which the flame or heated medium passes into theupper combustion-chamber 71, after having traversed the roof or ceilingof the incineratingchamber, as before described,,and after passingthrough the upper combustion-chamber the heated medium passes into andthrough the lower combustionchamber 7 3, into a flue 7 1, to the stackor chimney. Thus the flame or heated medium passes from the left-handburner at the rear of the fire-chamber 62 therethrough to the front ofthe furnace, thence through an opening 65, Fig. 1, in the wall 60 intothe flue above the incinerating-chamber, passing over and heating theroof or ceiling thereof, again to the rear of the furnace, thencedownwardly passing the rear end of the incinerating-chamber 58, throughthe flue 73, into the upper combustion-chamber 71, along that and thelower combustion-chamber to the flue 7 4E, and to the chimney.
The construction of the furnace is preferably such that all of the gasesproduced in the fire and incinerating chambers pass to thecombustion-chambers, where they are entirely consumed.
Beneath thefire-chambers 61 and 62 and on each side of thecombustion-chambers 71 and 73 are large warming-chambers or airducts 75and 76, separated by arches 77 from the lower air-ducts 78 or 79, thelatter whereof desirably communicate at 80 with fresh-air passages orconduits 81, Figs. 1 and 3, so that the fresh air passes in through thepassages 81, preferably on each side of the rear of the furnace, thencesuccessively along the air-ducts 79 and 76 upon the right side of thefurnace, wherein are transversely disposed radiator-tubes 82, having thelarge open ends thereof exposed to the flame and heat of thecombustion-chambers 71 and 7 3 and which tubes warm the incoming freshair, thus rendering the furnace largely regenerative and attainingeconomy of fuel by returning to the fire-chambers a portion of the wasteheat, which, would otherwise escape up the chimney. Also a bettercombustion of fuel results from this heated draft than would be the casewith a cold draft.
From the upper warming-chamber or airduct 76 the warmed fresh air passesupwardly through the damper 83, Figs. 6 and 14, and the aperturedpartition 8 L into the rear end of the fire-chamber 61, and just belowthe burner 85, Fig. 6, having suitable supply connections 87, Fig. 5,and preferably provided with steam or compressed-air supply connections88 to spray or atomize the heating agent employed if the latter consistsof crude or distilled oil; but it will be understood that the burnersmay be of any desired number and type, and any kind of fuel may be used.Also suitable cocks, valves, or other necessary devices may be employedto regulate the respective quantity of oil and steam or air.
A transverse flue 89, Figs. 1 and 6, is preferably located across therear end of the furnace proper, terminating beneath the burners, so thatthe fresh air entering through the passages 81 of the furnace aftertraversing and being heated in the air-ducts or warmingchambers 75 and78 on said side is conveyed or conducted across the end of the furnacein sufficient quantity to equalize the combustion or demand upon eachside of the furnace, a damper 83 being located upon each side of thefurnace.
The chimney-draft is preferably regulated by means of a damper or otherdevice 90,
-Figs. 1 and 5, desirably having a counterweighted chain or cable 91passing over a sheave or roller 92, Fig. 5.
It will be understood that all parts of the furnace exposed to theaction of the heat are constructed of fire-brick or other refractorymaterial, and the other parts may be built of ordinary brick and may bebraced by buckstaves or rods.
By constructing the bottom or floor of the incinerating chamber 58 withopenings 68 having inclined walls the ashes from the burned bodies willbe directed into the ashpan 69, beneath which said walls preferablyoverhang, Fig. 15; but these openings also cause a downdraft of theflame or heated medium around the body being cremated and out throughthe ash-chamber, there by greatly aiding the consumption thereof.
The operation of this invention will be readily understood from theforegoing description when taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings and the following explanation thereof.
To prepare for a cremation, the furnace must first be brought to aglowing-red heat, and for this purpose the burners in the firechambers61 and 62 are lighted. The heat from the burner passes through thelatter chamber to and against the break-wall 63, at the front endthereof, where the flame orheated medium is retarded and caused to passthrough the checker-brick thereof and out through the opening in thewall 60, up into the flue above the ineinerating-chamber 58, thenceagain to the rear of the furnace, where the flame or heated medium isdirected downwardly into the vertical fine 73 at the end of theincinerating-chamber 58, Fig. 4:. and into and through the uppercombustion-chamber 71., thereby heating the radiator-tubes therein,again to the front of the furnace, where it descends into and traversesthe lower combustion-chamber 73 until it asecond time returns to therear end of the furnace and passes into the flue 74 and thence into thestack or chimney.
The flame or heated medium from the burner traverses the fire-chamber 61to and against the break-wall 63, at the front end thereof, through saidwall and through an opening 61 in the wall 60, into theincinerating-chamber 58, therethrough to the rear of the furnace, intothe vertical flue 73, through the combustion-chambers 71 and 7 3successively, to the flue 7 i, to the stack or chimney.
The fresh air enters through the passage 81 at each side of the furnace,passes in to the rear end of the lower warmi ng-chambers 78 and 79,through the latter to the front of the furnace, and up into and throughthe upper warmingchambers 7 5 and 76 and back to the starting position.Thence the air heated by its passage just described and by contact withthe radiatortubcs 82 in said warming-chambers passes up through thedampers 83 and the apertured partitions 84, Fig. 6, into thelire-chambers just below the burners.
The transverse duct 89, extending across the rear end of the furnacefrom one upper combustion-chamber to the other, tends to equalize theamount of heated air furnished to the burners.
hen the furnace has attained the required temperature, the fires orburners are extinguished in both chambers, and upon a given signal theattendant raises the heavy front furnace-door 27 by means of the crankand winch 41 and also the mask-door, whereupon the body, preferablywithin the casket, is pushed into the inci-nerating-chamber 58 over theroller 30, when upon another signal the attendant rapidly closes themask-door and then the furnace-door 27, whereupon all view of thefurnace is cut off.
The whole operation is performed so quickly and orderly that only a fewmoments elapse during which the interior of the furnace is exposed toview and the furnace is closed before the casket begins to burn.
A fierce combustion of the casket and body ensues, which continues forsome time. hen that begins to subside, the burner in the firechamber 62may be started again and the heat of the furnace maintained until theprocess of cremation is completed without bringing the body into contactwith the flame from the burners.
If for any reason it is desired to still further expedite the process,the burner in the firc-,
ber, or, if a pan has previously been placed in position, into the pan,which may afterward be withdrawn with the ashes.
One effect of the openings in the floor of the incinerating-chamber isthat the downwardacting draft of the furnace draws the flames producedin the chamber down through said openings and through the ash-chamber,as through a flue, thereby assisting the incineration by bringing thefire into closer contact around and under the body.
Referring now to Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings, there is illustrated amodified form of the construction hereinbefore described and shownwherein one fire-chamber, together with the flue over theincincrating-chamber, is omitted, the heat from the one fire-chamberpassing directly into and through the incinerating-chamber; but in otherrespects the construction and operation is substantially similar to thatdescribed in relation to the other figures of the drawings.
In the modification the air preferably enters through the flue orpassage 81 into the rear end of the lower warming-chamber 7 9, throughthat chamber to the front of the furnace, into the upper chamber 76, andback to the rear of the furnace, thence up through the damper 83,through the vertical ducts, into the firechamber 61, along the same toand through the break-wall 63, thence through an opening in the wallinto the front end of the incinerating-chamber 58, through the same backto the rear of the furnace, thence down through the vertical flue 7 3,into and through the up- .per and lower combustion-chambers 71 and 7 3,respectively, via the fine 74 to the stack or chimney, as will bereadily understood.
It is not desired to confine this invention to the specificconstruction, combination, and arrangement of parts herein shown anddescribed, and the right is reserved to make all such changes in andmodifications of the same as come within the spirit and scope of theinvention.
We claim 1. A furnace provided with an incineratingchamber, having anapertured bottom or floor and means constructed to cause the consumingmedium to pass along the outside of said chamber and. return over anddown through said apertures opposite the initial direction thereof.
2. A furnace provided with an incineratingchamber having an aperturedbottom or floor and an inlet, an ash-chamber below saidincincrating-chamber and means for directing the flame or consumingmedium through said inlet into said incinerating-chamber and causing aportion of the same to traverse the latter and a portion to pass downthrough said apertures and then traverse said ash-chamber in the samedirection as in the incinerating- IIO chamber to quickly and completelyconsume the body.
3. A furnace provided with an incineratingchamber, a fire-chamberalongside thereof and means constructed to cause a consuming medium fromthe fire-chamber to traverse the roof or ceiling of theincinerating-chamber to heat the same and to pass downwardly across theend thereof.
4. Afurnace provided with an incineratingchamber, a fire-chamberalongside thereof, a flue above said' incinerating chamber and means tocause the consuming medium to traverse the firechamber, enter and passthrough said flue and finally pass downwardly across the end of saidincinerating-chamber.
5. A furnace provided with a fire-chamber having a brake-wall, anincinerating-chamber adjacent to the fire-chamber, a flue chamber orpassage above the incinerating-chamber and means to cause the consumingmedium to traverse the fire-chamber and pass through said wall into saidflue and return above and heat said incinerating-chamber.
6. A furnace provided with an incineratingchamber, a lateralfire-chamber in connection with one end thereof, a combustion-chamberbelow the incinerating-chamber, and means for causing the consumingmedium to traverse the fire-chamber and pass into theincinerating-chamber and return in a reverse direction therethrough andbe directed downwardly at the end thereof into and through thecombustion-chamber.
7. A furnace provided with an incineratingchamber, a lateralfire-chamber in communi cation therewith, a brake-wall in thefirechamber and means for impelling a consuming medium against said walland through said communication into the incineratingchamber, saidincinerating-chamber being so constructed as to return the consumingmedium in a reverse direction therethrough and to cause the same to passdownwardly at the end thereof.
8. A furnace provided with an incineratingchamber, a fire-chamberalongside thereof, provided with an outlet above theincinerating-chamber, so that the heating medium is caused to pass over,and heat the same, and another fire-chamber having an outlet openinginto the incinerating-chamber, said incinerating-chamber being adaptedto receive and discharge the products from said fire-cham ber.
9. Afurnace provided with an incineratingchamber, a fire-chamberalongside thereof provided with an outlet above theincinerating-ehamber, whereby the heating medium is caused to pass overand heat the same and another fire-chamber having an opening into theincinerating-chamber, whereby said medium is caused to pass into andthrough the latter and a combustion-chamber constructed to receive theaforesaid currents of said medium which pass thereinto from and acrossthe end of said incinerating-chamber.
10. A furnace provided with an incinerating-chamber, fire-chambers, onewhereof is provided with an outlet above the incinerating-chamber,whereby the heating medium is caused to pass over and heat the same andthe other fire-chamber having an outlet opening into theincinerating-chamber, said incinerating-chamber being adapted to receiveand discharge the products from said fire-chamber, and an upper and alower combustion-chamber constructed to receive the aforesaid currentsof said medium which pass thereinto from and across the end of saidincineratingchamber.
11. A furnace provided with upper and lower combustion-chambersconstructed to receive and pass to the chimney the currents of theconsuming medium, upper and lower warming-chambers and radiator-tubesconstructed and arranged to receive heat from th e combustion-chambers,whereby the incoming air for supporting combustion is conveyed throughsaid warming-chambers successively and heated from said tubes.
12. A furnace provided with an upper and lower combustion-chamberwherethrough the heating medium is caused to pass successively to thechimney, adjoining upper and lower warming-chambers, tubes having thelarge open ends thereof opening into the combustion-chambers andextending across the warming-c'narnbers and means for conducting airinto the lower warming-chamber and causing the same to pass therethroughand return through the upper warming-chamber so as to be heated by suchpassage in contact with said tubes to facilitate combustion.
13. A furnace provided with an ignition device, a lower warming-chamberreceiving the fresh air and a superimposed warming-chamher directlyabove, receiving the partiallyheated air from the first-mentionedchamber and further heating the same and delivering the heated air tosaid device.
14. A furnace provided with an ignition device, a fire -chamberreceiving direct heat therefrom, upper and lower combustion-chambersreceiving waste heat, upper and lowerwarming-chambers receiving heatfrom said fire and combustion chambers and constructed to heat theincoming air and deliver the same to said device.
15. A furnace provided with an incinerating-chamber, fire-chambers oneach side thereof, combustion-chambers below the incinerating-chambersand warming-chambers below the [ire-chambers and on each side of thecombustion-chambers, whereby the consuming medium is caused to traverseone of the firechambers and return above the incinerating- LTI chamberand pass down into the combustion-chambers and the medium passes throughthe other fire-chamber and into and through the incinerating-chamber andthence to the combustion-chamber with the first-mentioned current ofsaid medium and heats the incoming air that traverses saidWarming-chamber.
lntestimony whereof We have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing Witnesses.
HENRY E. BRETT. ARTHUR B. BENTON.
Witnesses: V
AMELIA GUEST, L. B. ALDERETE.
| 2024-03-22 | 1901-11-07 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1904-10-04"
} |
US-25499939-A | Bread slicer
July 16, 1940. T. K. WALMA 2,203,315
BREAD SLICER Filed Feb. 7, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet l VENT-0R. 7'. K. WALMA%%a/M ATTORNEYS Jul l, 1940.
T. K. WALMA BREAD SLICER Filed Feb. '7, 1959 '4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. 77 K WALMA A TTORNEYS.
July 16, 1940. T. K. WALMA 2,208,315
BREAD SLICER Filed Feb. 7, 1939 4: Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. 7i A. WALM/IA TTORNEYS.
July 16, 1940. WALMA 2,208,315
' BREAD SLICER Filed Feb, 7, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVEN TOR.
77A. mum
A TTORNEYS.
Patented July 16, 1940 UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE 14 Claims.
The present invention relates to the art of bread slicing machines andparticularly to high speed slicing machines. Bread slicing machines atpresent in use are of two general types, first, the reciprocating bladetype and, second, the band saw type. The first of these types slices thebread satisfactorily but is objectionable due to the machine being slow.Thus, there is in practice a practicahtop limit to the speed ofoperation due to the necessity of overcoming The the inertia of thereciprocating portions. second or band saw type is a substantialimprovement over the first type as the moving portions do not start andstop and, therefore, the. blades may be driven at a higher speed. Inpractice, however. difilculties are encountered in high speed operation.Breakage occurs at or adjacent the weld which is present in each of theendless blades, the breakage being due to flexing of the blades. Also,this type of machine is of considerable size, resulting in high initialcost and necessitating considerable space for the machine.
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a multipleslicing machine having continuously moving slicing blades which are notflexed during operation. A further object is to provide a bread slicingmachine having endless blades which may be produced without welding. Ayet further object of this invention is to pro- Y being exterior of saidblades.
Other objects and advantages of this invention and the nature thereofwill be apparent from a consideration of the following description takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate aspecific embodiment of the invention.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a bread slicing machine in accord with thisinvention, a portion of the bread guide'being broken away better to showthe vernier blade-spacing device;
Fig. 2 is a left end elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a right hand elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a vertical section substantially on the line 4- l in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a broken detail section of the machine through one of theblade-supporting shafts and through the frame-plates at the ends of themachine, the section being taken substantially on the line 5--5 in Figs.2 and 3;
Fig. 6 is a broken section showing in detail the vernier blade spacingmechanism, the section being substantially on the plane of the line 66in Figs. 2 and 3. In Fig. 6, the blades are shown positioned at theirmaximum spacing;
Fig. 7 is a fragmentary section similar to Fig. 6 showing the blades ina proximal position;
Fig. 8 is a section through the control means of the vernier spacingmechanism substantially on the line 8--8 in Figs. 1 and 7;
Fig. 9 is a section on the plane of the line 9-9 in Figs. '7 and 8; and
Fig. 10 is a fragmentary detail section on the plane of the line 99 inFigs. 7 and 8 showing the bladesand the vernier spacing mechanism.
The machine shown in the drawings involves a pair of frame shafts Illand H, each of which is fixed in one of a pair of sleeves l2 in theframe plate M at the left end of the machine. A second frame plate l5 isarranged to slide on the shafts, the plate being provided with collarsit which engage the shafts. A shaft I1 extends through both of thecollars it below the shafts I and ll and has secured to its forward enda crank l8 whereby the shaft ll may be turned. Each of sleeves I6 isprovided with an opening I9 positioned radially of the shafts l0 and II,with the shaft l'l extending through the openings 19. A gear 20 ispositioned in each of the openings l9 and is keyed on shaft I! to rotatewith crank l8. Each of shafts Ill and II is provided with a rack 2 lengaging the respective gear 20 whereby, upon actuation of the crank l8,the frame plate IE will be reciprocated along the frame shafts.
Each of the frame plates l4, I is in the form of an annular ringarranged to carry a plurality of shafts 22 in a cylindrical cagearrangement. The shafts 22 are rotatablein bearings in the frame plates.Each of shafts "22 is provided, near its left end, with a shoulderfacing the right end right ends, a sleeve-shaped journal 28 is providedon each shaft, which journal is internally splined to engage and slideon the shafts. The journals are rotatably carried by bearings 26 whichare slidably received in radial openings 21. The journals are providedwith a flange 28 at their inner ends and with a threadedly engagingthrust bearing 29 at their outer ends.
Outside of the left ,frame plate l4, each of shafts 22 has keyed theretoa sprocket 30, all of thesprockets having the same number of teeth. Anendless drive chain 3i engages alternate sprockets on the outside andeach of the intervening sprockets on the inside so that adjacent shaftsare driven in opposite directions. 0n the left end of one of the shafts,a pulley 32 is also secured, non-rotatably, as by a key, a motor 33being provided, having a pulley belted to the pulley 32. v
A series of fiat'or planar annular blades 35 is positioned about theshafts with the shafts extending through the openings in the blades.Rollers 36 are provided which are internally splined and engage thesplines on the shafts whereby the rollers are constrained to rotate withthe shafts. The rollers 36 are provided with circumferential grooves 31to receive the slicing blades. The rollers on' -'any one shaft engagealternate blades of the series while the rollers on the shaftsadjacentthereto engage the blades intermediate said alternate blades. Due tothis arrangement of rollers and as adjacent shafts are driven inopposite directions, all adjacent blades are driven in oppositedirections.
While for drafting convenience the blades have been shown as straightedge blades, it is to be understood that any suitable edge may be formedon the blades,'such as the well'known scallop relieved at the rightend-to facilitate the removal of the blades from the shafts 22. Guidemeans are provided for spacing the rollers and thereby the blades inrelatively proportionate positions along the length of themachine.-,.R.ough control of the position of the main portion ofeachblade is provided by positioning a spring 40 between all adjacentrollers on each shaft and between each end roller and the frame plates.All the springs on any particular shaft are of substantially the samestrength whereby movement of the right frame plate efiects movement ofthe rollers along the shaft whereby to maintain equal spacing betweenadjacent blades. The proportionate spacing may be varied bythe use ofsprings of various strengths.
' At the upper part of the front side of the slicer there is allowed asufiicient gapbetween adjacent shafts to accommodate vernier spacingcontrols 4| to be positioned in the gap adjacent each of the shafts andto allow the passage of a loaf of bread between these controls. Thesevernier' controls 4| involve a pair of guides 42, 43 in each framemember adjacent an opening 44, 45. A pair of'slides 46, 41 is arrangedin each pair of guides" and threadedly engage a left and right handthreaded bolt 48. Between the opposed threads on the bolts, a groovedflange 49 is positioned in which a pin 50 fixed in one of the guidesengages, whereby turning ofthe bolt effects adjustment of the slides tovariable equal distances from a fixed center. A pair of rods 6| extendthrough the openings 44, 45, the rods being fixed asby bolts 52 in theslides 46 carried by the left frame-plate M.
Each of the rods is formed to carry a plurality of wedges 53 slidabletherealong, and the engag-- ing portions of the rods and wedges arepreferj ably formed to slidably interlock. Thus, sliding dovetailconnections may be made along\ the edges of adjacent wedges, whereby thewedges when assembled are not onlyheld in a single plane but alsointerlock so that they may not 1 separate if pressure is released on theend of together.
The rods 5| are arranged with one rod inside the series of blades andthe other rod outside the blades. The wedges carried by one of the rodsengage alternate blades, and those carried by the other rod engage theblades intermediate therebetween. One set of wedges have male dovetailedges, and the other set engaging therewith have complemental edges, asillustrated in Fig. 9. The wedges are each provided. with a slot '54through which one of the blades moves, whereby the blades are guided. bythe wedge system. As the end of each wedge engaging the rod 5| is widerthan the free end of the wedge, when the rods are in the position shownin Fig. 6, wherein the rods are in their proximal position, the bladesare positioned at their maximum spacing. When the-rods are moved apart,as shown in'Fig. 'Z, the machine may be moved to a closed position, inwhich the blades are in their position of minimum spacing. As the onlyline of continuous contact in the wedge system is along the lines of theblades, to exert pressure at the ends-of the wedges, and therebyposition the system properly with respect to the machine, a wedge 54 isemployed having a side perpendicular to the axis of the machine to bearagainst the frame plate. This wedge may either be a' blank, as shown, ormay be a blade-guiding wedge. In the latter case, collars wouldbesubstituted for the springs 49, spacing the last blade of the seriesfrom the frame plate.
A bread guide 55 is arranged exteriorly of the aforementioned gapbetween shafts 22, at an elevation and angle to guide bread to the lowerve'rnier control 4!. This lower control functions to guide the breadthrough the blades. A second guide 56 ispositioned within the blades toreceive sliced bread from the blades, the guide 56 being provided withan angularly related stop wall forming a channel along which'the breadmay be reciprocated lay-conventional means timed with respect to thedelivery of bread to the slicer, considering the speed of slicing, andtimed with respect tov a wrapping machine whichreceives bread from theslicer. As such means constitute no part of the present invention, nospecific disclosure thereofis here made. The bread guide is arranged toguide the bread in a direction at all times perpendicular to a planethrough the axis of at least one of the bladw.
The bread guide, as shown, may be employed to feed the bread by gravityto the blades. However, if desired, a chain feed or other well knownfeed may be employed.
Such an arrangement is of The blades are'preferably of sufficient widthin relation to the gap between the vernier controls that a line betweenthe intersection of the outer edge of the blades and the Verniercontrols lies entirely within the body of the blades and does not extendthrough the openings therethrough.
In operation, with the machine set to out, for instance, minimumthickness slices, the motor33 is started rotating. Through the belt andpulley 32, one of the shafts 22 is rotated. Rotation of this shaftcauses rotation of all the other shafts 22, adjacent shafts beingrotated in opposite directions, due to the positioning of drive chain3|. Rotation of the shafts 22 effects rotation of each of the rollers 36splined on said shafts. As shown, each of the blades is supported anddriven by rollers on a group of shafts comprising seven of the fourteenshafts, all blades supported by that group of shafts being driven in thesame direction. The remaining blades are carried and driven by the groupof shafts intermediate the stated group, these blades being driven inthe opposite direction.
A loaf of bread or other material to be sliced may then be fed to thegroup of blades.v As all adjacent blades rotate in opposite directions,de-' formation of the material being sliced is avoided.
The sliced loaf may then be removed from the internal guide.
In case it is desired to change the thickness of the slices, the crankl8 and the bolts 48 which control the spacing of rods 5| may be turned,preferably substantially synchronously, either manually or by suitableinterconnection. As the frame plate at the right end is moved to theright,
the rods 5| should be moved together whereby the blades are spacedfarther apart. Opposite movement of the two should be effected to reducethe spacing.
In case it is desired to remove the blades for sharpening orreplacement, thrust bearings 29 are removed and the right frame plate ismoved to the right, first reducing the tension on the blades byadjustment of the bolts 39. The blades may then be removed together withjournals 25, rollers 36, springs 40, and wedges 53, while the frameplate is supported by frame shafts l0 and in substantially parallelplanes, a plurality of shafts positioned within said bladessubstantially perpendicular to said planes, a plurality of supportingrollers on each of said shafts, said rollers engaging alternate blades,a second pluralityof shafts positioned at points intermediate the shaftsof the first mentioned plurality of shafts, a plurality of supportingrollers on each of said second mentioned plurality of shafts arranged toengage and support the blades intermediate said alternate blades, meansto rotate said alternate blades in one direction, and means to rotatethe intermediate blades in the opposite direction.
2. A bread-slicing machine comprising a plurality of planar annularblades, means to support said blades in parallel positions for rotationof each blade about its axis, and means to guide a loaf of bread inmovement from one position to another position with the movement of saidloaf at all times perpendicular to a plane through one of said axes, oneof said positions being within all of said blades and the other positionexternal of all of said blades, the loaf of bread, when in said one ofsaid positions, entirely within said blades, being movable transverselyof the blades.
3. A bread-slicing machine comprising a pinrality of planar annularblades, means to support.
each blade about its axis, means to guide a loaf of bread in movementfrom one position to another position with the movement of said loaf atall times perpendicular to a plane through one of said axes, one of saidpositions being within all of said blades and the other positionexternal of all of said blades, and means to guide said blades topositions to maintain the relative proportional longitudinal spacing ofsaid blades along said axes upon relative adjustment thereof along saidaxes, the loaves. when within the blades, being movable transverselythereof through the openings of the annuli.
4. A bread-slicing machine comprising a plurality of planar annularblades, means to support said blades in parallel'positions for rotationof each blade about its axis, means to guide a loaf of bread in movementfrom one position to another position with the movement of said loaf atall times perpendicular to a plane through one of said axes, one of saidpositions being within all of said blades and the other positionexternal of all of the blades, adjusting means to change the spacing ofthe end blades of said plurality in a direction perpendicular to theplanes of said blades,'and means to maintain the relative proportionatespacing of the plurality of blades in a direction perpendicular to theplanes of said blades upon operation of said adjusting means.
5. A bread-slicing machine comprising aplurality of planar annularblades, means to support said blades in parallel positions for rotationof each blade about its axis, means to guide a loaf of bread in movementfrom one position to another position with the movement of said loaf atall times perpendicular to a plane through one of said axes, one of saidpositions being within all of said blades and the other positionexternal of all of the blades, adjusting means to change the spacingofthe end blades of said plurality in a direction perpendicular to theplanes of said blades, and means to maintain the relative proportionatespacing of the plurality of blades in a direction perpendicular to theplanes of said blades upon operation of said adjusting means, said lastnamed means comprising a pair of guide rods and a plurality ofwedge-shaped members slidable on each of said rods, the wedgeshapedmembers on each rod being in edge-toedge engagement with a pair ofwedge-shaped members on the other rod, said wedge-shaped members beingseverally provided with means to guide one of said blades, wherebyadjustment of said rods, together and apart, increases-and decreasesrespectively the overall extent of said members along the rods, therebysimilarly guiding said blades.
6. A bread-slicing machine comprising a plurality of planarannular'blades, means to support said blades for rotation, at least someof said blades rotating on a substantially common axis, means to effectrotation of said plurality of blades in opposite directions, and meansto guide a loaf of bread from a position external of said plurality ofblades in a direction perpendicular to a plane through said axis to aposition wholly within the annuli of said plurality of blades.
7.-A bread-slicing machine comprising a plurality of planar annularblades, means to support said blades for rotation, at least some of saidblades rotating on a substantially common axis, said means supportingsaid blades for relative adjustment along said axis, means to eifectrotation of said plurality of blades, said last named means causingalternate blades to rotate in, op-
positedirections, and means to guide a loaf of bread from a positionexternal of said plurality of blades in a direction perpendicular to aplane through said axisto a position wholly within the annuli of said,plurality of blades for motion substantially perpendicular to theplanes of said blades. ,7 1
8; A bread-slicing machine comprising three or more planar annularblades, means to support said blades for rotation, at least some of saidblades rotating on a substantially common axis, said means'supportingsaid blades for relative adjustment along said'axis, means to effectrotation .of said plurality of blades, and means to guide a loaf ofbread from a position external of said plurality of blades, in adirection perpendicular to said axis, to a position wholly within theperipheries of said plurality of blades, the openings in the annularblades being. sufficiently large that the bread in the secondpositionwill be entirely free from said blades for motion through said blades,and means to guide said blades to maintain the relative proportionallongitudinal spacing of said blades along said. axis upon relativeadjustment thereof along said axis.
9 A bread-slicing machine comprising a pinrality of planar annularblades arranged substantially coaxially, a plurality of shafts arrangedwithin said blades substantially parallel to said axis, a plurality ofguide rollers slidably arranged on each of said shafts and in guidingengagement with at least some of said plurality of blades, and a springarranged between each pair of adjacent rollers on at least one of saidshafts and in engagernent with said adjacent rollers whereby to maintainthe relative proportionate spacing between each pair of adjacent bla desupon change of the overall extent of said iblades.
10. In a bread-slicing machine comprising a pair of frame plates, meansto support said plates in parallel positions and for relative movementin a direction perpendicular to the planes of said plates, a pluralityof shafts, each of which .is carried in bearings in both frame plates,the
shafts being parallel to and substantially equally spaced from an axisperpendicular to said frame plates, the bearings of at least some ofsaid shafts in at least one of said plates being adjustable toward andfrom said axis, a plurality of guide rollers slidably and non-rotatablypositioned on each of said shafts, and a plurality of planar annularblades carried by said rollers for rotation about said axis and foradjustment therealong.
lljIn a bread-slicing machine comprising a pair of frame plates, meansto support said plates in parallel positions and for relative movementin a direction perpendicular to the planes of said plates, a pluralityof shafts, each of which is carried in bearings in both frame plates,the shafts being parallel to andsubstantially equally spaced from anaxis perpendicular to said frame plates, a plurality of guide rollersslidably and non-rotatably positioned on each of said shafts,'
means to effect rotation of said plurality of blades, means to guidework to be cut from a position external of said plurality of blades in adirection perpendicular to a plane through said axis to a positionentirely within the annuli of said plurality of blades, and means toguide said blades to maintain the relative proportional longitudinalspacing of said blades along said axis upon relative adjustment thereofalong said axis.
13. A machine for cutting a plurality of slices of substantially equalthickness comprising a series of planar annular blades havingunobstructed centers to receivev the sliced material and permit thepassage thereof through the blades transversely to the planes oftheblades, means to support the blades by their inner peripheries andcause them to rotate, and means to proportionally increase or decreasethe spacing of said blades? 14. A machine for cutting a plurality ofslices of predetermined and proportionally variable thickness comprisinga series of planar annular blades having their cutting edges along theirouter peripheries, the space within the central portion of the annulibeing unobstructed to permit the sliced material to pass through theblades transversely to the planes thereof, means within the annuliengaging the inner peripheries of the annuli to support the blades androtate them increase and decrease the spacing of said blades.
THEODORE K. WALMA.
about a fixed-axis, and means to proportionally
| 2024-03-22 | 1939-02-07 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1940-07-16"
} |
US-250495D-A | Breech-loading fire-arm
T. BURNETT.
,BREEGH LOADING FIRE ARM.
(Modem Patented Dee. 6,1881.
INVENTOR J2 ATTORNEYS WITNESSES:
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
THOMAS BURNETT, OF EUREKA, CALIFORNIA.
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARM.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,495, dated December6, 1881.
Application filed June 21, 1881.
To all whom it may concern I Be it known that I, THOMAS BURNETT, ofEureka, in the county of Humboldt and State of California, have inventeda new and useful Improvement in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms, of which thefollowing is a specification.
My invention relates to that class of breechloading fire-arms in whichthe breechblock swings backward and downward.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal verticalsection of a gun embodying my improvements. Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5 aredetail views.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
A represents the frame, B the barrel, 0 the swinging breech-block, and Dthe-lever, all of which may be of the usual or any suitable description,the lever and breech-block being connected by a link, 0.
The chamber of the breech is reamed or bored out, and in it is insertedmy improved cartridge-seat F, which is made in two semi-cylindricalhalves, by which construction provision is made for the expansion of theseat in case of the expansion of the cartridge when exploded, so thatthe exploded shell may be easily withdrawn.
The shellextractor consists of a ring, G, provided with two radial arms,g g. It fitsin a crotch in the breech-block U, and works on the samepivot, c, with said breech-block. The arm g works in a notch, b, in therear end of the chamber and cartridge-seat, and the arm is arranged forengagement with the lever D. When the lever D is operated to open thebreech by swinging the breech-block 0 backward and downward, the nose dof the lever strikes the arm g of the extractor and moves it forward,causing the arm g to move rearward and extract the shell. I
H represents a block working on a pivot, h, and provided with a spring,i, which has a tendency to keep its upper portion pushed forward. ,Whenthe breech is closed the top of this block rests under the rear cornerof the breech-block O and securelylocks it. The front side of the blockH is provided with a camsurface, and the portion of the lever D which iswithin the frame and in rear of the pivot a is provided withacorresponding cam-surface.
(ModeL) When the lever is moved downward to open the breech thecam-surface of the lever engages with that on the block H,'and forces itbackward and out from under the breech-block, so as to allow saidbreech-block to swing clear in the space provided for it in the frame.When the lever is moved upward to close the breech the springi pressesthe block Elforward and under the breech-block again.
The firing-pin J works in the breech-block O in the usual manner. In thetop of the frame A, between the firing-pin and the hammer N, is a groovein which works a sliding bolt, L, which is prevented from working upwardby the means of a stud, m, projecting from the grooveof the frame andengaging with a groove in the side of the bolt, and also by a hook, I,on the rear end and under side of the holtengaging with a recess in theframe under the rear end of the groove in which the bolt Works.
The top of the rear end of the bolt is provided with a roughened surfaceor thumbpiece, t, to facilitate its withdrawal.
Under the bolt is a spring, i to prevent it from working too loosely inthe groove or from accidentally dropping out rearwardly. When the boltis in place in the groove it serves to communicate the blow from thehammer to the firingpin. When it is desired to move the bolt the hammeris placed at half-cock, and then, by placing the thumb on thethumb-piece P, the bolt may be drawn back and removed from the groove.By this means theaccidental discharge of the gun is rendered impossible,as
the blow from the hammer, it accidentally lowered, would not becommunicated to the firingpm..
To the hammer N is connected the upper branch of the mainspring P, thedouble portion of which is secured to the frameA in any suitable manner.The lower branch of the mainspring is engaged with the rear end of alever, Q, the front end of which engages with the trigger B after themanner of a scar.
To the lever Q, between its fulcrum and-the trigger, is attached anelastic tongue, q, extending upward and rearward in a curved line, andterminating in a point, so as to form a cam. On one side of the hammerN, in rear of the pivot n, is a stud or projection, s, for engagementwith said tongue or cam q, as hereinafter described.
The scar T is pivoted under the hammer, and is provided with two lateralarms, 1) between which the tongue orcam g works. A spring, to, bearsagainst the underside of the rear arm, n, which is provided with aknife-edge for engagement with the cock-notch and halt cock notch of thehammer N. When the hammer is pulled back to cook the gun the stud orprojection s strikes the edge of the elastic tongue or cam q, and torcesthe lever Q down so that its front end will be engaged and held down bythe trigger B. This places the lever Q, clear of the sear, and allowsthe spring to to force the arm c upward to engage with the half-cooknotch. The parts are then in the position shown in Fig.1. As the hammeris pulled farther back the elastic tongue springs over the stud orprojection s, and the arm a slips into the cocknotch and holds the gunat full-cock. When the trigger is pulled, the lever Q, impelled by thelower branch of the mainspring P, strikes the forward arm, a, of thesear, and disen gages the rear arm, 1:, from the cock-notch, allowingthe hammer to descend. The end of the upper arm of the lever D then fitsin a notch in the breech block (3, in front of the upper'end of theblock H, and thus assists in loekin g the breechblock.
I am aware that it is not new to construct cartridge-chamberslongitudinally divided and with a movable lid to admit the cartridgesidewise; but 4 What I claim as new is-- 1. In a breech-loadingfire-arm, the combination, with a cylindrical breech-chamber, ofacartridge-seat, F, made in two semi-cylindrical parts and inserted insaid oh am her, as shown and described.
2. In a breech-loading firearm, the sear T, pivoted under the hammer,and provided with lateral arms v o, the arm 1) being knife-edged andpressed upwardly by a spring,w, in combination with the trigger, thelever having cam (1 working between said arms, the mainspring P, and thenotched hammer N, as and for the purpose specified.
3. The combination, with the hammer and firing-pin, of the bolt L,having a side groove and sliding in a groove of frame A, of the stud M,projecting from said frame-groove, the rear hook, I, engaging witharecess under the rear end of said frame-groove, the thumb-piece Z andthe subjacent spring L as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination, with the swinging brechblock G, of the lever D,having the nose (1, and the ring G, having the radial arms g g, saidring being arranged on the same pivot as the breech-block and in acrotch thereof, as shown and described.
5. The lever Q, provided with the elastic tongue or cam q, incombination with the trigger R, the mainspring P, and the hammer N,provided with the stud or projection 8, substantially as and'tor thepurpose herein described.
THOMAS BURNETT.
Witnesses":
FRED. W. BELL, H. O. MORSE.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1881-12-06"
} |
US-3722435-A | Process for purifying preparations containing corpus luteum hormones
* ride, dinitrobenzoyl Patented Sept. 7, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE PROCESS FOR PURIFYING PREPARATIONS CONTAINING CORPUS LUTEUM HOR-MONES Switzeriand No Drawing. Application August 21, 1935, Serial No.37,224. In Switzerland August 24, 1934 14 Claims. (01. 260-431) Thisinvention consists in a process of purifying preparations containingcorpus luteum hormones, particularly for separating the diketonescontained in the crude hormone crystallizate from hydroxyl-compoundsconstituting impurities, which consists in treating the hormonepreparation or the crude hormone crystallizate with an acylating agentand separating the portion which has not entered into reaction, whichcontains the diketonic hormones, from the esterified portion.
Advantageously acylating agents are used which yield sparingly solubleesters with the hydroxy-ketones, for instance acetyl chloride oranhydride, benzoyl chloride, nitrobenzoyl chlochloride, phenylbenzoylchloride, phenylisocyanate, diphenylisocyanate or phosgene. Theseparation of the hydroxy-compounds particularly hydroxyketones, fromthe diketones being merely a phase separation, is for the most partparticularly simple when acylating agents are used which, in addition tothe acylating group, contain a salt-forming group or a group which canbe transformed into asalt-iorming group; examples of such acylatingagents are phthalic acid-anhydride, succinic acid-anhydride, maleicacid-anhydride, hydroxy-benzoic acid chlorides, chloro-sulfonic acid,phosphorylizing agents, such as phosphorus hydroxychloride,
alkyl-meta-phosphate or the like. In this manner it is possible toseparate practically completely from crude hormone crystallizates thehydroxyketones from the active diketones in a single process ofreaction. If desired, however, the acylation may be repeated.
The final products of the process find therapeutic application.
The following examples illustrate the inven- 'tion:-
, Example! 400 milligrams of a crude hormone crystallizate obtained byreaction with semi-carbazide and final saponification are heated on thewater-bath at 80 C. together with 300 milligrams of phthalicacid-anhydride in 5 cc. of pyridine for half-anhour in an atmosphere ofnitrogen. The whole is then mixed with water and thoroughly extractedwith ether. The ethereal solution is repeatedly washed with a 2N-sodiumcarbonate solution, then with N/5-hydrochloric acid and finally withwater. When the ether is evaporated there remains a crystallizate freefrom hydroxylated ballast material; by recrystallizing thiscrystallizate or by subliming it, individual hormones melting at 129 C.or 120 C. can be obtained.
chloride, acetic acid-anhydride, phenyl- Forisolating the hydroxylatedcompounds the aqueous portion is acidified, after it has been unitedwith the alkaline extracts, extracted with ether, the ethereal residuesaponified with alcoholic-alkali solution, the alcohol evaporated andthe neutral portion again extracted with water aided by ether.
By recrystallizing the ethereal residue a hydroxyketone melting at196.5--197.5 C. is obtained.
When the crude hormone crystallizate is caused to react with phthalicacid anhydride there may be used instead of pyridine another tertiarybase, for instance quinoline, dimethylanilineand the like. It is alsopossible, however, to dispense completely with the use of these basesand to con-' duct the reaction by a simple heating operation.
Instead of phthalic acid-anhydride there may also be used in the samemanner succinic acidanhydride, maleic acid anhydride, phthalic acidchloride, maleic acid chloride or ortho-hydroxybenzoyl chloride. In thelatter three cases the reaction takes place at room temperature.
Example 2 200 milligrams of a crude hormone crystallizate obtained byreaction with semi-carbazide and final saponification are heated on thewater-bath together with 230' milligrams of 2:4-dinitrobenzoyl-chloridein 5 cc. of quinoline for 1 hour. The
whole is mixed with water and thoroughlyex may, in an analogous manner,also be used benzoyl chloride, nitrobenzoyl chloride, acetyl ordiphenyl-isocyanate andthe like.
Example 3 1 gram of a preparation of corpus luteum, obtained asprescribed by W. M. Allen, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 98,page 591, 1932, is heated on the boiling water-bath together with 1 gramof phthalic acid anhydride in 10 cc. of anhydrous pyridine for an hour.The whole is then mixed with Water and thoroughly extracted with ether.The ethereal solution is repeatedly washed with N/30 caustic sodasolution, acetic acid of 1 per cent. strength, sodium carbonatesolution, and, finally, with water. 0n evaporation of the ether there isleft a preparation resembling stearine and free from hydroxylatedballast substances. This preparation contains the whole of the activehormones of the parent material. From the aqueous portion, as Well asfrom the purified alkaline extracts, the hydroxylated compound may beseparated as described in Example 1.
What we claim is:-
1. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with an acylating agent, the portion which does not enterinto reaction and contains the hormones being separated from theesterified portion.
2. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with such acylating agents which yield sparingly solubleesters with the hydroxyketones, the portion which does not enter intoreaction and contains the hormones being separated from the esterifiedportion.
3. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with such acylating agents which yield sparingly solubleesters with the hydroxyketones, the portion which does not enter intoreaction and contains the hormones being separated from the esterifiedportion by fractionated crystallization.
4. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with an acid halide, the portion Which does not enter intoreaction and contains the hormones being separated from the esterifiedportion by fractionated crystallization.
5. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with 2:4-dinltrobenzoylchloride, the portion which does notenter into reaction and contains the hormones being sepa rated from theesterified portion by fractionated crystallization.
6. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with an acylating agent which contains besides theacylating group a saltforming group, the portion which does not enterinto reaction and contains the hormones being separated from theesterified portion.
7. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with an acylating agent which contains besides theacylating group a saltforming group, the portion which does not enterinto reaction and contains the hormones being separated from theesterified portion which forms salts easily soluble in water.
8. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with a dicarboxylic acid halide, the portion which does notenter into reaction and contains the hormones being separated from theesterified portion which forms salts easily soluble in Water.
9. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with phthalic acid-chloride, the portion which does notenter into reaction and contains the hormones being separated from theesterified portion which forms salts easily soluble in Water.
10. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with a dicarboxylic acidanhydride, the portion which doesnot enter into reaction and contains the hormones being separated fromthe esterified portion which forms salts easily soluble in water.
11. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting saidpreparations with phthalic acid-anhydride, the portion which does notenter into reaction and contains the hormones being separated from theesterified portion which forms salts easily soluble in water.
12. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting crudehormone crystallizates containing hydroxylated impurities with2:4-dinitro-benzoylchloride, the portion which does not enter intoreaction and contains the hormones being separated from the esterifiedportion by fractional crystallization.
13. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting crudehormone crystallizates containing hydroxylated impurities with phthalicacid chloride, the portion which does not enter into reaction andcontains the hormones being separated from the esterified portion whichforms salts easily soluble in water.
14. A process for purifying preparations containing hydroxylatedimpurities besides the corpus luteum hormones, comprising reacting crudehormone crystallizates containing hydroxylated impurities with phthalicacid anhydride, the portion which does not enter into reaction andcontains the hormones being separated from the esterified portion whichforms salts easily soluble in water.
MAX HARTMANN. ALBERT WETTSTEIN.
| 2024-03-22 | 1935-08-21 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1937-09-07"
} |
US-6830025-A | Process and apparatus for reconditioning mineral oils
c. J. @mmm `En" An..
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR HEGONDITIONING MINERAL OILS Filed Nov. ll,1925 INVENTOR d .an
MENGE nl'. ltlllDM, 0F WXLKINSBUJR, .MND Mill RECHT, Uh lPJENNSWLVId.
LPMUJES MD @MPPMTWUS FUR RIHEUUMJDITJEONWG milled..
Application led November l1, 1925 Serial No. 66,300.
'llhe present invention relates to the treatment of mineral oils, andparticularly to the reconditioning of .oils which, for example, havebeen taken from electrical equipment, such as transformers, circuitbreakers, 'and the like, but the invention is also applicable to thetreatment of other used or impure mineral oils. l v
According to the present invention, it is proposed to subject the impureor used oil to a process of'puritication under such conditions as tosubstantially retard oxidation of the oil during treatment and insuchmanner as to remove Water, dissolved gases and volatilizableimpurities, and to then remove other impurities such as unsaturates,resinous compounds, acidic compounds, oxidation products, carbon,sludge, sediment, etc.
According to the present invention, it is proposed also to heat the oil,to a limited extent, under conditions which will prevent overheatingthereof and to utilize heat which would otherwise he wasted forpreheating the oil prior to its introduction intol the reconditioningapparatus.
'llhe nature and objects of the invention may be readily understood byreference to the accompanying drawings which show more or lessdiagrammatically a preferred embodiment of our invention, but it will beunder.- stood that we do not conne ourselves to the use of theparticular apparatus shown or to the specific manner of practicing theinvention, as various changes in construction and modes of operation arecontemplated within the spirit of our invention.
lin the drawings the figure is a schematic view of the entire apparatus.
ln the drawings, 2 designates an oil supply pipe through which impure orused mineral oils to be reconditioned are introduced into the apparatus.The oilto be treated may, for instance, be an oil which has been used ina transformer or in a circuit breaker or other electrical equipment. @ilmay be supplied to pipe 2 from any suitable source through any preferredmethod of feed, either by gravity or otherwise.
Pipe 2 leads through the top 3 of a tank l y having a bottom 5 andhaving a cylindrical inner wall 6 spaced inside thereof, and having aperforate extension '7 at its lower end. This might, for example, beformed of fine mesh screen. Pipe 2 within the tank t terminates lute,and the temperature is @lill ber of the heater where it rises in thinhlms over the surface of the heating units, which units are in closeproximity to each other. llt is preferred that the partitions or heatersare at such distance as to permit a maximum heat absorption withoutoverheating any part ofthe oil, thereby minimizing oxidation ordecomposition resulting from heating. llt will be understood, however,that the oil may be heated and the stream of oil broken up in the vacuumchamber to release easily volatile substances, Irases and water, inother ways.
Leading from the upper part of the tank 4l is a pipe 13 which preferablyleads into a heat exchanger 14 arranged about the pipe 2. lin the lowerpart of the heat exchanger 14 is a drain pipe 15 through whichcondensates may be removed. Leading from the heat exchanger 14C is apipe 16 that connects with a suitable vacuum pump designated 1'? anddriven by a motor 18. The pump 17 maintains the pressure in the tank lat a suitably reduced pressure for the edectual separation. and removalof water, gases, volatiles, etc.. at the desired temperature. the
pressure being preferably maintained at substantially 2.5 pounds persquare inch absopreferably maintained at about 150 Fahrenheit.
Suspended from the walls 6 within the tank d and below the heater 9 area plurality of deflectors 19 which are preferably of the alternatelyreversed cone type. During the operation of the apparatus, oil, whichpasses through the heater 9, froths over the top thereof and falls ontothe first of the deflectors 19. v
llt Hows successively from one deflector to another in thin films, sothat any gases which remain in the oil can be readily released. From thelowermost dedector A19kthe oil falls into the bottom of the tank whereit colle.
ttt
litt@ lilith Leading from the bottom of the tank 4 is a pipe 2Oconnecting with a suitable pump, preferably a centrifugal or otherrotary type of pulnp, 21. The pump 21 may also bc driven by motor 18.Leading from the outlet side of the pump 21 is a pipe 22 that connectswith the receiving end of a reaction tank 23. The reaction tank 23 ispreferably vertically disposed. and has a. conical bottom 24 which maybe drained by a sludge cock 25. It may have a removable cover 9.6, andnear the top thereof is an outlet pipe 27. Pipe .22 preferablydischarges close to the conical bottom of the tank whereby agitation andthorough mixing of an adsorptive compound or substance is secured. Atthe same time, the tank has sufficient volume so that the flow of oiltherethrough is very gradual and quiet in the upper part thereof. Thisprovides for an initial turbulent introduction of the oil with asubsequent quiescent period of reaction. The outlet pipe 27 preferablyconnects with a manifold 28.
Leading from the manifold 28 are branch. pipes Q9 connecting withdfilters 30. Each pipe 29 preferably has a valve 31 therein, so that theflow of oil from the manifold to any filter may be controlled at will.
Filters 30 preferably include an outer casing 32, a base 33 and an innerporous shell 84, the inner shell 34 being spaced from the outer shell32. Pipes 29 lead to the space 35 between the inner porous shell and theouter casing'. Leading from the central chamber 36 within the porousshell 34 of each filter is a pipe 37. Each of the pipes 37 has a valve-38 therein and these pipes connect with a manifold 39. From manifold 39the oil is preferablyT conducted through a heat exchanger 40 alsolocated about the pipe 2. From the heat exchanger 40 the o-il may beconducted through pipe 41 to a suitable collecting or storage reservoir.v
While we have described one form of filter, we are not necessarilyconfined to the particular form shown, as any device for this purposewhich may be found suitable, may be substituted. wWe do prefer, however,that the filter plate, such as the shell 34, be of a baked porousmaterial whose porosity may be determined by the character of thematerial used. Vith such a material there can be no danger ofcontamination of the oil with particles of lint, suspended or solublefilter material, or other substance, as might result with the use ofother types of filters.
As the oil is withdrawn from the bottom of tank 4 through pipe 20, it isdesirable to in t'roduce a` compound into the oil. For this .purpose wehave shown a container 43 having 2a proportional feeder 44 of anypreferred type at thebottom thereof, this feeder being suitably driven,preferably by a drive connection, such as belt 45 from the motor 18.With such l an arrangement the speed of the feed device may be inaccordance with the speed of the pump 21. The proportional feederintroduces dry partially evacuated adsorptive material down a pipe 46into the pipe 20. A deflector 46 is preferably provided in pipe 2()adjacent the terminal of pipe 46 so as to agitate the oil in the pipe 20at this point to canse it to more readily mix and carry away the dryadsorptive compound or substance.
The air-tight container 43 may have a pipe at 47 terminating within thetank at 48 so that the contents of the 'container 43 will be subjectedto the same partial vacuum maintained in the tank 48. This prevents anyappreciable amount of air from being introduced into the o il throughthe proportional feeding device, and tends to remove any contained gasesor air from the adsorbent material.
In the practice of the invention, the partially warmed or preheated oilenters the heatmg means for the initial stage of its puriication. It isWell known that if the oil is overheated, especially in the presence ofoxygen, undesirable decomposition will result. During the practice ofthe present invention, any such undesirable results are eliminated.
The incoming oil, in passing through the heater, is maintained in astate of agitation, a turbulent motion being imparted thereto by theheating of oil by the parallel heaters under the maintenance ofconditions of partial vacuum in the tank 4. This agitation is increasedby the combined ebullition, dcgasification and vaporization of containedimpurities. The effective heating of the oil is thus effected withoutchemical reactions of a destruct-ive or harmful nature.
Under the conditions in which the oil is heated, moisture mechanicallyheld or dissolved in the oil, dissolved gases, such as air, oxygen,nitrogen, light hydro-carbon gases and volatiles, are continuouslyeliminated from the oil. These vapors and gases are continuously removedby the vacuum pump 17, so that the oil is thoroughly evacuated at thisstage of the process. Some of these vapors condense in the heatexchanger 14 from which they may be removed.
The purpose of the perfor-ate screen 7 is to reduce, to a minimum, theloss of finely divided or atomized oil, this screen serving to obstructthe passage of such oil particles to the vacuum pump.
The deflectors 19 are of such a length and number as to eect a thoroughdehydration and degasification, and volatilization of undesirableconstituents before the oil finally drains into the bottom of the tankAs the evacuated or dehydrated oil from which the undesirable volatileshave been removed passes out the pipe 20, a dryy adsorptive compound orsubstance is supplied thereto from the container 43 as-previouslydescribed, and is also evacuated as hereinbefore explained by thewithdrawal of conlltl aaaaaai tained gases therelt'rom throu h the pipedi'. hn evacuated adsorbent is t us introduced into an evacuated oil..This dry material is a desiccated adsorptive compound or substancehaving a high capacity or adinity tor impurities contained in the oil.This compound or substance may consist oi an activated or preparedcharcoal, a iilter clay, silica gel, or a suitable combination ot theseor similar substances in suitable proportions.. We preter to use anearth substance such as bentonite,
or a char, particularly a char especially intitl tltl
tended tor hlter ot' the tvvo.
This desiccated adsorptive substancev is thoroughly mined into the oilhy the action oi the centrifugal pump 2i., As the oil dovvs through thereact-ion chamber 23, the desiccated substance vvill combine vvith theimpurities, These impurities are recognized as unsatnrates, resinouscompounds, acidic compounds, omdat-ion products, etc. its previouslysuggested the oil is thoroughly agitated in the bottom et the reactionchamber, vvhile it later passes through a aone ot quiescent reaction,The time ot reaction is suhicient to hilly enable the desiccatedadsorptive substance to combine 1a'ith impurities. The reaction is morerapid due to the evacuation ot gases trom the adsorbent prior to itsintroduction into the oil Both condensed moisture and gases are removed:trom the cell spaces, and the total area oi the surtaces are 'therebyavailable tor the reactions vvhich ensue. The adsorbent reactions areboth more rapid and complete due to the greater athnity oit such treatedadsorbent vvith oil which has been hrst heated in a vacuum..
purposes, or a combination The oil derving trom the reaction tanlr thenpasses through the hlters. The hlters serve to remove the tinely dividedsuspended particles ot desiccated adsorptive substance, together vvithsuch impurities as they have collected, vvhile the reconditioned oilflows through the tilters and into the pipe 39. lltrom pipe 39 the oil,vvhich is still heated, llovvs through the heat exchanger l@ to turtherheatthe used or impure oil passing 'through pipe 2 and then thereconditioned oil may he conveyed through pipe ll to any suitablecollecting vessel.
.ds the oil containing the linely divided desiccated adsorptivesubstance passes through the tlter, the particles ct earthy material inthe oil collect on the tilter plate 3l and produce a mat which serves toedectively remove hnely divided particles in the oil. lin
other vvords the desiccated adsorptive sub stance also aids the emciencyot the lilter.
With the arrangement ot filter shown, one
or more tilters can be idle by the closing ot the hill valves leadingthereto, while the other iilters remain active.. This permits ot thecleaning or repair oit one or more tilters vvhile the other hlters arein operation, adapting the process removing Water and contained gasestrom the to a continuous method et operation. @briously, hovvever, vveare not conlined to any particular arrangement or ty e ot hltersm Ttvvill he apparent that t e, operation is carried out under conditionsvvhich reclude im onidation ot the oil as air is eaclu ed until the oilhas heen completely reconditioned and cooled By reason oi the adsorptivematerial having heen evacuated prior to its introduction into the oil,it has a greater athnit-y 'it :tor the im urities in the oil. Because otthe tact that t e oilhas heen evacuated and the vvater and the lightvolatiles removed theretrom, the evacuated adsorptive material vvillhave a greater attnity 'tor the impurities remaining in the oil, auch asresinous compunds, unsatnrates, etc., andthe adsorptive is not spent inremoving vvater or light hydrocarbone. Therefore, less adsorptivematerial need be used and the time tor reaction is reduced to theminimum.. This permits the Siae ot the apparatus to be reduced and makesit particularly adaptable lor small installa, tions.
The term 66desiccated 4adsorptive suhstance99 as herein used denotes anyvvell linovvn -or suitable iinely-divided desiccated substance orcompound that may be intro duced into the oil and which has an adsorptive athnity -lor the recognized impurities in the oil, but which is notdissolved thereby. The term dehydrated as used in the presentspecihcation and claims vvith reference to the oil, means anhydrous, asdo the terms dry and desiccated, as used in connection with theadsorptive compounds.
lille claim as our invention:
l. it method ot reconditioning electric insulating mineral oil vvhichcomprises first evacuating the oil, lthen introducing an "5 evacuatedadsorbent into the oil and While maintaining the oil out ot contact withatmosdll `pheric gases and then tiltering the oil to remove theadsorbent While lmaintaining it out of contact with atmospheric gases.
2., all method ot treating mineral oil used tor electrical insulationpurposes which comprises evacuating the oil, introducing into the oilafter `it has been evacuated an anhydrous adsorbent Which has also beenpartially evacuated and While maintaining the oil out oit" contact `Withatmospheric gases and Water, and then filtering the oil vto remove theadsorbent, the oil being filtered substantially out oit contact Withatmospheric gases.
8. A method of treating electrical insulating mineral oil which consistsin introducing partially evacuated adsorbent into an evacuated oil andthen filtering the oil, the process being effected out ot contact vvithwater and atmospheric gases.
l.' A method of reconditioning electric in sulating mineral oil, vvhichconsists in hrst Hill ldd
oil, then introducing an evacuated adsorptive wm l ing the oil to removet e spent adsorptive material, the oil being kept free of contact withatmospheric gases and moisture during the process.
5. A method of reconditioning .electric inl sulating mineral oil, whichcomprises heating the oil while under a partial vacuum and out ofcontact' with atmospheric gases, whereby dissolved moisture, gases andlow boiling impurities are driven ofi from the oil, 1ntrol5 ducing adesiccated adsorbent into the oil So treated and while maintaining theoil out of Contact with atmospheric gases, and then filtering the oil toremove the adsorbent while maintaining it, out of contact With atmoseOpheric gases.
6. A method of reconditioning oils used for electrical insulatingpurposes, which consists in rendering the oil anhydrous and free ofgases by heating it in a partial vacuum,
then adding a dry adsorptive substance having an affinity forunsaturates, resinous constituents, acidic compounds and oxidationproducts, and then filtering the oil, the process being effected underconditions which preclude oxidation of the oil or prevent moisture fromcoming into contact therewith.
7. A method of reconditioning electrical insulating oil, which consistsin dehydrating the oil by heating the same at sub-atmospheric pressurein a confined chamber which precludes oxidation of the oil or theabsorption of atmospheric moisture, then mixing a dry adsorptivecompound therewith and allowing the same to combine with impurities inthe oil, and then filtering the oil, these steps also being effectedWhile maintaining the oil free of Contact with atmospheric gases.
8. A method of reconditioning electrical insulating oil, which consistsin heating divided streams of oil in a partial vacuum, fiowing theheated oil over a defiector plate while under a partial vacuum,collecting the oil so treated, then introducing an evacuated adsorptivesubstance into the oil, and thereafter filtering the oil, the oil beingexcluded from contact'with air and water during the process.
9. A method of reconditioning electrical insulating oil, which consistsin heating the `oil in a chamber from which air is excluded,
fiowing the heated oil over defiectors within the chamber, withdrawingvapors and gases from the chamber, removing the heated oil from thechamber, mixing an evacuated adsorbent substance therewith, andfiltering the o0 oil, the oil being confined against exposure toatmospheric gases and moisture during the entire recess.
10. method of reconditioning electrical insulating oil, which consistsin introducing the oil into a heater within a chamber from which air isexcluded, heating the oil in the I heater, flowing the hot oil over adeflector in said chamber, withdrawing gases and vapors from saidchamber, circulating such gases and vapors about the incomin supply ofoil to thereby preheat the oil be ore it passes into the heater,withdrawing the heated oil from the bottom of the chamber, mixing adesiccated adsorptive with the oil, filtering the oil, and passing thefiltered oil through a heut exchanger associated with the incoming oilsupply, whereby the treated oil also serves to partially preheat theuntreated oil entering the heater, the oil being confined againstexposure to atmospheric gases during the entire recess.
. 11. pparatus for reconditioning electrical insulating oil, including atank, means for withdrawing gases from the tank, a heater within thetank, an oil supply for delivering oil to the heater, defiectors in thetank below the heater for receiving the oil therefrom, means forwithdrawing oil from the bottom of the tank, enclosed means forintroducing an evacuated adsorbent substance into .the oil upon itsremoval from said tank, and enclosed means for filtering the oil.
l2. Apparatus for reconditioning electrical insulating oil includingmeans for dehydrating and degasifying the oil and removing volatilizableimpurities therefrom, means for supplying a desiccated adsorptivesubstance to the oil after it flows from the first named means, andmeans for filtering the oil to which the desiccated adsorbent substancehas been supplied, the apparatus being closed against exposure of theoil to the atmosphere.
13. Apparatus for reconditioning electrical insulating oil, includingmeans for heating, degasifying and dehydrating the oil, a reaction tank,means for `removing dehydrated oil from the first named means into thereaction tank, means for introducing an evacuated adsorbent materialinto the oil before it flows into the' reaction tank and after it leavesthe first named means, and filtering means connected with the reactionchamber, said apparatus being substantially air-tight to prevent the oilbeing treated from coming into contact with air. A
In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands.
CLARENCE J. RODMAN. MAX HECHT.
| 2024-03-22 | 1925-11-11 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1928-09-25"
} |
US-63563957-A | Mixing valve
June 3, 1958 A. J, BRAUN 2,837,283
MIXING VALVE Filed Jan. 25, 1957 IN V EN TOR. 4L. oysl us J. BRA urvATTORNE United States Patent MIXING VALVE Aloysius J. Braun, Dyersville,Iowa I Application January 23, 1957, Serial No. 635,639
3 Claims. (Cl. 236-12) This invention relates in general to mixingvalves, and in particular to a non-chattering type. a
It is'oftentimes desirable to have a source of liquid which has aconstant temperature. Therefore, it is an object of this invention toprovide a mixing valve capable of furnishing fluidv at any presettemperature.
Another object of the invention is to provide a mixing valve whichautomatically turns oif the fluid if either the hot or cold supply failsto furnish fluid to it.
Still another object is to provide an improved mixing valve.
A feature of the invention is found in the provision for aimixing valvewith a differential control member which regulates the input cold andhot supply in response to a temperature responsive means.
Further features, objects and advantages 'will become apparent from thefollowing description and claims when read in view of the drawings; inwhich;
Figure 1 illustrates the mixing valve connected in a shower bathinstallation;
Figure 2 is a detail view of the control valves of the device shown inFigure 1;
Figure 3 is a detail view of the inside of the mixing valve with thecover removed;
.Figure 4Villustrates the anti-chatteringshock-absorbers for the'mixingvalve, and;
Figure 5 is a detail view of a slide member of the invention.
Figure lshows a wall which has mounted therein a sleeve 11. A showerpipe 12 passes through the sleeve 11 and carries a sprayer head 13 atone end. On the inside of the Wall the pipe has a downwardly extendingportion 14 which is connected to a mixing valve 19. An on-off valve 16is mounted in pipe 14 and has a handle 17 which extends and is mountedon the shower side of the wall. The handle has a pointer which may beread against indicia 18 on the wall 10. A second handle 21 controls thetemperature of the fluid and may be read against the indicia 22 printedon wall 10. The handle 21 is connected to a shaft 86 and controls thetemperature in a manner which will be described later.
As shown in Figure 3, the inside of the mixing valve contains thefollowing structure. An input pipe 24 supplies hot water to the valve.Pipe 24 is connected to the valve 19 by a threaded washer 26. A coldfluid input pipe v is connected to valve 19 by means of a threadedwasher Pipes 24 and 27 are mounted in axial alignment with each otherand are joined within the valve by a section of pipe 29. The section 29has a pair of openings 31 and 32 formed therein. A cylindrical member 33is formed with conical ends and is mounted within the pipe 29 forlimited longitudinal movement. One end 34 of member 33 engages a valveseat 36 as shown in the cutaway por tion; and the other end also engagesa valve seat in the pipe 29. The valve seats are so positioned relativeto the conical portions of the member 33 and the openings Patented June3, 1958 ICC 31 and 32 as to form a differential valve. A portion 37 ofthe member 33 is visible through opening 32. A slot 38 is formed in pipe29 and a pin 44 which is attached to member 33 extends therethrough. Themember 33 may be assembled within the pipe 29 in the following fashion.One of the two valve seats may be welded in the pipe 29 before themember 33 is inserted. Then the other valve seat 36 is inserted andsoldered or welded to the inside of pipe 29.
A plate 39- has a slot 43 through which pin 44 extends. Plate 39 ispivotally supported from the rear wall of the valve structure by bolt41. A lever 42 is attached to plate 39 by means of pivot bolt 41 and asecond bolt 40. The outer end of lever 42 has a pin 46 attached to itsunder side. A spring 47 engages the pin 46 and extends downwardly to apin 49 mounted on a block 48 and which is attached to the wall of thevalve housing.
The upper portion 51 of plate 39 is pivotally connected to a pair ofnon-chattering shock-absorbers as is best shown in Figure 4. The pin 52passes through openings in extensions 59 and 61 which are connected topistons 58 and 62. These pistons pass within the confines of cylinders57 and 63, respectively. The cylinders 57 and 63 are pivotallysupportedfrom the side walls 23 and 53 of the valve housing frombrackets 54 and 66 by pins 56 and 64.
One of the bolts 41 extends through the plate 39 and is attached to therear of the housing to pivotally hold it. The upper portion of level 42has an indention into which is received one end of a pin 71. The otherend of pin 71 is received into an indention formed adjacent the free endof a plate 67. As best shown in the detail view of Figure 5, the otherend of plate 67 rests on a bracket 69 which is attached to the side wall53 of the housing. The bracket 69 has a bottom portion 86 and a pair ofL-shaped projections 87 and 88. The plate has extensions 68 which passbehind the projections 87 and 88.
A cylindrical block 73 is welded or otherwise attached to the plate 67.A temperature responsive bellows 72' is attached to the block 73 and hasa coil of tubing 76 U which extends therefrom. A block 74 is attached tothe upper side of the bellows 72 and engages a second plate 77 which hasits opposite ends slidably supported by brackets 78'and 79 which areattached to the side walls 53 and 23, respectively.
A sleeve 81 is mounted to the top of the housing and threadedly receivesa screw 82 which has a head 80. The lower end 84 ,of screw 82 engagesplate 77.
A cam 37 is mounted on shaft 86 which is pivotally supported by thevalve housing and engages the plate '77 adjacent the end opposite thescrew 32. The outlet pipe 14 is attached .to the top of the housing.
In operation the on-oif handle 17 is turned to the on position. Water isretained in the valve housing at all times because the inlets connectedto the hot and cold fluid are never both closed by the difierentialvalve. Thus, when the on-off valve 16 is turned on fluid starts to fiow.The handle 21 is turned to the desired temperature. Handle 21 controlsshaft 86 which regulates cam 87. Cam 87 controls the position of plate77 which in turn, bears on block 74 and the bellows 72. Bellows 7..rests on block 73 which engages plate 67. One end of plate 67 engagespin 71 which bears against lever 42. Thus, cam 87 adjusts the restposition of cylindrical member 33 which is the controlling member of thedifferential valve. The bellows 72 is temperature responsive and alsocontrols the position of the member 33 through the linkage described.
The shock-absorbers which are attached to the upper 3 end of plate 39fill with fluid and prevent the valve 33 from chattering between theinlet valve seats.
The screw 82 is adjusted at the factory and is merely for calibratingthe valve It need not be adjusted in the home.
If the water becomes hotter than the preset temperature, the bellows '72will expand causing the member to move to the left to reduce 'or cut offcompletely the fluid from pipe 24. It the water becomes too cold thebellows will contract and move the member 33 to the right to cut off thecold supply. If either supply fails due to external conditions, thevalve will cut off the the other supply and no extremely hot or coldwater will pass the valve.
It is seen that this invention provides a new valve. Although it hasbeen described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it is not to beso limited as changes and modifications may be made therein which arewithin the intended scope as defined by the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A mixing valve for supplying fluid at a constant temperaturecomprising, a valve housing, a hot fluid inlet pipe connected to thehousing, a cold fluid inlet pipe connected to the housing, a straightsection or" pipe within the housing with its opposite ends connected tothe cold and hot inlet pipes, a cylindrical valve member with conicalends mounted within the straight section of pipe, a pair of valve seatsin the straight section adjacent the conical ends of the valve member, apair of outlet openings formed in the straight section, a rectangularopening formed in the straight section, a pin attached in the valvemember and extending through the rectangular opening, control meansconnected to said pin to maintain the valve structure positioned so asto supply fluid of constant temperature, said control means comprises, aplate pivotally supported by the housing and formed with an openingthrough which said pin extends, a pair of shock-absorbers attached toopposite side walls of the housing and pivotally attached to the plate,a lever attached to the plate, spring mounted between said lever and thehousing, a temperature responsive means coupled to the lever, and meansfor moving the temperature responsive means to set the valve to apre-set temperature.
2. A mixing valve forsupplying fluid at a constant temperaturecomprising, a valve housing, a hot fluid inlet pipe connected to thehousing, a cold fluid inlet pipe connected to the housing, a straightsection of pipe within the housing with its opposite ends connected tothe cold and hot inlet pipes, a cylindrical valve member with conicalends mounted within the straight section of pipe, 2. pair of valve seatsin the straight section adjacent the conical ends of the valve member, apair of outlet openings formed in the straight section, a rectangularopening formed in the straight section, a pin attached in the valvemember and extending through the rectangular opening, control meansconnected to said pin to maintain the valve structure positioned so asto supply fluid of constant temperature, said control means comprises, aplate pivotally supported by the housing and formed with a slot whichpasses over said pin, a first shockabsorber attached to one side of thehousing and pivotally connected to the plate, a second shock-absorberattached to the other side of the housing pivotally connected to theplate, a lever connected to the plate','aspring in compression mountedbetween the lever and the bottom of the housing, a first slidable plateattached to the housing, a pin mounted between said plate and saidlever, a second slidable plate supported by the housing, a temperatureresponsive bellows mounted between said plates, and means for adjustingthe position of the second slidable plate to determine the pre-settemperature at which fluid is to be supplied.
3. In apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said means for adjustingthe position of said second slide plate comprises, "a set-screw which isthreadedly received through the housing and which engages the secondplate, and a cam mounted on a rotatable shaft supported by the housingand in engagement with the second 'slidable plate.
v References Cited the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,476,718 Leonard Dec. 11, 1923 1,724,504 Murdock Aug. 13, 19291,879,344 Lawler Sept. 27, 1932 1,989,909 Boydston Feb. 5, 19352,708,551 Record May 17, 1955 2,780,412 Holley Feb. 5, 1957 FOREIGNPATENTS 3102,09 6 Switzerland Oct. 15, 1954
| 2024-03-22 | 1957-01-23 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1958-06-03"
} |
US-351484D-A | Geoege w
' expense to the co nsumer.
' UNITED STATES GEORGE W. BARLOW,
PATENT OFFICE,
OF NEW YORK, N.
SOLUBLE LAUNDRY -BLU E.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 351,484. dated October26, 1886.
Application filed November 30, 1885. Serial No. 14,33l. (Specimens) Toall whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, GEORGE W. BARLOW,0f the city and State of New York,have invented an Improvement in Soluble Laundry-Blue, of which thefollowing is a specification.
- The bluethat is used for laundry purposes is sometimes in the form ofa liquid in bottles. In this condition the bottles are liable to bebroken, either in handling or by the action of frost, and the cost ofthe bottle increases the In cases where the blue has been put up incakes or balls it has usually been mixed with starch or similar ma-'terial but this lessens the amount of coloringmatter in each package,and the starch pre vents the blue becoming dissolved easily in water. Inthe manufacture of tubecolors glycerine has been employed, but the sameis in sufhcient quantity to render the color plastic.
My invention relates to a method of making laundry-blue by which it isrendered better for the purposes intended, and is free from theobjections inherentin thearticles heretofore made; I employ the ordinarysoluble blue of commerce, in a dry and finely-powdered condition, andglycerinein the proportion of about one part of glycerine to threeparts, by weight, of blue-powder, and these I grind or mix together; butusually this glycerine is insuffr cient in quantity to cause the mass towork easily while being mixed. I therefore generally add a smallquantity of water, about one-quarter part to the aforesaid material.
This unites with the glycerine and causes its uniform distributionthroughout the blue, and
renders the mass sufficiently plastic to be mixed thoroughly and thenmolded and pressed into balls or cakes. These balls or cakes arepreferably spread upon trays and exposed sufficiently for the water toevaporate, and the laundry-blue is then ready for packing for market andsale. It will be found that these cakes of laundry-blue are sufficientlysolid to bear transportation without breaking. They are easily handled,and can be tied in a flannel bag ,and dipped into the water that is tobe blued; or they can be dissolved in water in a bottle and used asrequired; The glycerine aids in preventing the color precipitating, andacts to render the color more perfectly soluble in the water, and theglycerine, when used as aforesaid, acts to keep the coloring-matter inthe condition of a cake or ball, and the cost of manufacture is small.
I claim as my invention- The method herein specified of makinglaundry-blue, consisting inintimately mixing soluble blue-powder withglycerine in about the proportion of one part of glycerine to three ofblue, and pressing the mass into balls or cakes, substantially as setforth.
Signed by me this 27th day of November, A. D. 1885.
G. IV. BARLOVV. Witnesses:
GEO. T. PINCKNEY, WALLAcE L. SE RELL.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1886-10-26"
} |
US-1899715779-A | Implement for applying stay-wires to wire fences.
No. 633,340. Patented Sept. l9, I899. C. 0. DDWNING.
IMPLEMENT FOB APPLYING STAY WIRESTO WIRE FENCES.
(Application filed May 6 1899.]
(No Model.)
wimm 049M 4 4% W I 7 M f v am m. norms pzrsns co. FHOYO-UTNO"WASNINOYDN. 0.1:.
had to the accompanying drawings, and to the UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.
' CLARENCE O. DOVVNING, OF NORWALK, OHIO.
IMPLEMENT FOR APPLYING STAY-WIRES TO WIRE FENCES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 633,340, datedSeptember 19, 1899.
Application. filed May 6, 1899. Serial No. 715,779. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CLARENCE O. DOWNING, a citizen of the United States,residing at Norwalk, in the county of Huron and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Implements for ApplyingStay-Wires to Wire Fences; and I do declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use thesame, reference being figures of reference marked thereon, which form apart of this specification.
My invention relates to an improvement in implements for applyingstay-wires to wire fences.
The object sought to be attained is to provide simple yet eificientmeans for readily securing stay or Vertical wires directly from theoriginal spool or coil to the longitudinal wires of a fence and afterthe required wire to form a stay has been applied to closely clip thesame from the unused residue thereof, whereby time and labor may besaved and the waste of the wire reduced to a minimum and it consists ina wide handle having a hook on' either side of one of its ends, the saidend being further provided with a projecting portion arranged andpeculiarly constructed as shown in the drawings hereof and ashereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view in perspective of myimproved implement; Fig. 2, a side elevation thereof; Fig. 3, an endview of the same. Fig. 4 shows the form given to the wire after beingtwisted with one of my implements.
Similar figures of reference indicate corresponding parts in all views.
Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the wide handle, which ispreferably provided with an opening 2. 3 3 denote the hooks. 4
designates the projecting end, which is provided with an interrupted orpartial head or ridge 5, so interrupted or constructed as to leave acomparatively small headless or ridgeless portion 6, all the partsdescribed being preferably integral and of suitable metal.
dinal wire at a point on said mounted wire a distance from its extremityroughly corresponding to the length of the desired stay to hold the samein the absence of an assistant.
The end thereof is then secured to the lowerlongitudinal wire in theusual manner.
My improved implement for applying staywires is now to be made use of.The implement is first hooked over the second longitudinal wire from theground, with its projecting end 4 and interrupted head 5 engaging thestay-wire at apoint thereon just above the longitudinal wire. The deviceis then turned round about the longitudinal wire, first forminga loop inthe stay-wire at the point of on gagement with the device and thenwinding a portion of said stay-wire about the longitudinal wire. Theheadless portion 6 of the device is of use in permitting itsdisengagement from the loop. The remaining Wires are similarly treatedat their junctions till the stay is fully applied, after which the saidstay-wire is closely clipped from the unused residue thereof.
Having thus described my invention, What I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-
1. In an implement of the class described, a handle provided with one ormore hooks, and a projecting end having an interrupted or partial head,substantially as specified.
2. In combination, handle 1 having opening 2 hooks 3 3; projecting end4.; interrupted or partial head or ridge 5; and headless or ridgelessportion 6; all 'of said parts being integral and arranged substantiallyas described.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
CLARENCE o. DOWNING.
Witnesses:
CHARLES SUHR, E. C. J AOOBS.
| 2024-03-22 | 1899-05-06 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1899-09-19"
} |
US-3435296D-A | Incremental magnet
' Filed April 29,1955 j Sheet 1 March 25, I969 W.E.'WAI -LES 3, 5, 9
INCREMENTAL MAG'NET,
M93796: a ic INVBNTOR.
Wil/ve/m 5. Wal/es HTTORNEKS 1 S/iehg/A I March 25, 1969 Filed April 29.1965 W. E. WALLES INCREMENTAL MAGNET Sheef' 2 or 2 INVENTOR.
wilhe/m 5. W0//a5 4 g HTTORNEKS" United States Patent 3,435,296INCREMENTAL MAGNET Wilhelm E. Walles, Midland, Mich., assignor to TheDow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich., a corporation of Delaware FiledApr. 29, 1965, Ser. No. 451,865 Int. Cl. H01h 47/00; H01f 7/22, 1/00 US.Cl. 317-123 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Description of theinvention The present invention is concerned with magnetism and isparticularly directed to a machine for the incremental energizing of asuperconductive magnetic coil and to a method of energizing ahigh-energy magnetic coil to produce a high-energy magnetic field. Thepresent invention also permits the efiicient production of magneticfields of which the strength is limited only by the critical field of asuperconductor. The foregoing and other uses of the present inventionwill appear to those skilled in the art in view of the specificationwhich follows.
It is known that the passing of an electric current through a conductorgenerates a magnetic field around the said conductor. It is furtherknown that by shaping the said conductor in the general form of a coilwhich may be a helix, a torus, or any of various other shapes, it ispossible for a magnetic field to be generated that has relatively highlocal intensity. The upper limit magnetic flux which can thus begenerated is limited, if by no other factor, by the capability of theconductor to carry electricity without overheating. Such magnetic fieldas is thus generated can be shaped, to some extent concentrated andpositioned, by the use of ferromagnetic core materials so shaped as tointersect and carry the magnetic fiux to a chosen location, usuallyadjacent a gap between opposing poles. Such means are limited, however,as to the upper limit magnetic fluX density which can be achieved, bythe upper limit of current-carrying capacity of such conductor, and bythe upper limit flux density at which the ferromagnetic core materialbecomes saturated.
It is known that many conducting substances, conveniently wires ofcommon conducting metals, assume superconductive properties under whichohmic resistance virtually disappears when such conductive substancesare cooled to temperatures near absolute zero. The transitiontemperatures lower than which many substances assume superconductiveproperties have been carefully studied and, for many conductivematerials, are well-defined and accurately known. It is further a knownpractice to induce currents of electricity in closed, continuous coilsof such substances while they are superconductive at low temperatures,giving rise to strong magnetic fields.
However, such efforts have always hitherto been handicapped by thenecessity for causing relatively heavy conducting members such as wiresor bus bars to extend from approximately room temperature zones intosupercooled zones, thereby acting as means for the conduction of notonly energizing current, but also relatively large amounts of heat intothe supercooled zones with resulting serious inefiiciency in thesupercooling means.
Also, in energizing superconducting coils hitherto, it has beennecessary to operate some kind of current control device, such as athermal interruption of superconductivity, under liquid helium, withexcessive loss of helium from its operation.
According to the present invention, I have discovered that a magneticfield of any value less than, or up to as great as, the upper limitmagnetic field of which a conductor is capable under supercooledconditions, that is, the so-called critical field, can be produced by amachine comprising essentially a magnetic coil which gives rise tomagnetic field when electrically energized, and as a unitary structuretherewith, a secondary winding of a transformer, said magnetic coil andsaid secondary winding being magnetically decoupled and both saidmagnetic coil and said secondary winding together with members by whichthey are connected as unitary structure being of material that becomessuperconductive at temperature above 4.2 K., together with means forcooling said material to a temperature at which it is superconductive;there being, inductively coupled with said secondary winding, primarywinding of said transformer, and electrically conductively coupled withsaid primary a source of asymmetric pulses of electrical energy of whichthe value varies between zero and one of the initiatory and terminalmaximum values at a rate much greater than that at which it variesbetween zero and the other of said values. The said magnetic coil isthus energized by electric current which is conductively supplied to theprimary of the said transformer as recurring pulses, each having a rateof increment much greater than its rate of decrement and of suchmagnitude that the conductivity heating of any non-supercooled wirethrough which said pulse passes is negligible. Although it is notessential and critical to the present generation of a magnetic field, itis convenient and preferred that the electrical supply to the saidtransformer primary be capable also of supplying electric current inregularly recurring pulses of which the rate of increment is much slowerthan the rate of decrement, thus providing means for the orderlyreduction of the flux density of the magnetic field adjacent saidmagnetic coil, when desired. Thus, the critical wave shape, whether toenergize or de-energize a magnetic coil of the present invention, is apulse of asymmetric shape, as graphed for amplitudeversus time, of whichthe value varies between zero and one of the initiatory and terminalmaximum values at a rate much greater than that at which it variesbetween zero and the other of said values.
The general concept and the structural details of the present invention,together with the manner of its operation, will be easily understood byreference to the annexed drawings in conjunction with the followingdescriptions.
FIGURE 1 shows the invention schematically.
In FIGURE 1, source 10 is any convenient source of electrical energy ofa desired magnitude supplied in pulses which, when it is desired toincrease or maintain a magnetic field are pulses having a very high rateof increment up to a maximum pulse value, and a relatively slow rate ofdecrement. The most convenientway of reducing the intensity of athus-produced magnetic field is to de-energize it with correspondingpulses of reversed shape, that is to say, pulses having a relativelyslow rate of increment and a very high rate of decrement. Desirablythen, source 10 should be able to supply electrical energy in pulses ofeither shape.
In FIGURE 2, pulses of shape represent a shape of a pulse of electriccurrent graphed as energy versus time, and useful for increasing ormaintaining magnetic flux in the present invention whereas pulses ofshape 150 are useful for decreasing flux density. The polarity of thepulses may be chosen with respect to the polarity of the magnetic fieldthat it is desired to produce. For efficiency, individual pulses shouldachieve minimum value of about zero although a minimum value relativelymoderately above or below zero-has no harmful effect. Good results areobtained when employing wave shapes that manifest the essentialasymmetry here described but with substantial deviations from thesepreferred wave shapes. However, such deviation is accompanied by loss ofefficiency which may be most seriously felt as an increased burden uponthe cooling system by which the the superconductive state is maintained.
Exact preferred wave shapes and proportions will depend in part upon theexact structure and geometry of transformer 40.
The absolute values, both momentary and limiting, of the electricalenergy in the pulses by which the magnetic coil member of the presentinvention is energized will depend upon various factors: notably thephysical dimensions and magnetic density of the magnetic field that itis desired to produce. In general, such absolute values will seldom beas great as one percent of the values that would be employed ifconventional means were being employed in the production of a magneticfield of comparable upper limit density. Consequently, electric supplywires 30 in FIGURE 1 can and will usually be relatively small in size.This is desirable because larger wires would be able to introducerelatively greater heat loss by conduction from room temperature to thesupercooled zone. Conductor size of supply wires 30 may be chosen withrespect also to the fractional cycle of duty represented in theindicated wave shape.
In FIGURE 1, the single primary winding 45 and paired electric supplyWires 30 for transformer 40 imply the employment of a single-phasesystem. However, this is purely a matter of convenience, and, althoughthe present transformer is used to carry pulses of direct current,transformers of known design employing polyphase windings and currentsin primary or secondary or both are comprehended within the presentinvention and may, in some situations, be preferred. The turns ratiobetween primary winding 45 and secondary winding 50 will be selectedupon known bases, including the frequency, amplitude, exact wave shapeand other characteristics of shaped pulse electrical energy from sourceand the properties of windings and the like of transformer 40. Ingeneral, known transformer design considerations may be employed withregard for the fact that secondary 50 as well as perhaps primary 45 andadjacent portions of electric supply wires 30 will be operated atrelatively low temperatures and heating should be avoided. Whether theprimary winding 45 is operated at a superconductive temperature willdepend not only upon the operating temperature but also upon theidentity of the chosen conductive material of which the winding is madeand whether room temperature access is provided. Such operation is notnecessary so long as secondary winding 50 and magnetic coil 75 which canbe selected as having a high critical temperature, are superconductiveat operating temperatures.
It is essential and critical in the present invention that both magneticcoil 75 and transformer secondary winding 50 be continuously operated ina superconductive state; desirably, the said windings should be made ofa continuous length of homogeneous material cast free from suchdiscontinuous or heterogeneous regions as would be introduced bysoldering, brazing, mechanical linkage, or the like. In one method,there is cast a single, continuous ingot of superconductive material,from which, thereafter, the coil is machined.
The magnetic field 90 to the production of which the present inventionis directed, arises in known manner adjacent magnetic coil 75, when thecoil is energized.
Those skilled in the art of inductive coupling will recognize thatmagnetic field 90 is of a sign opposite the sign of the necessarymagnetic field which is intermittently induced around the transformerwindings as transformer 40 is energized. Therefore, magnetic coil 75must not be inductively closely coupled with transformer 40. The degreeof decoupling will depend upon the desired upper limit magnetic fluxdensity desired to be achieved. Decoupling is readily achieved bymechanical spacing, magnetic shielding, and the like.
In view of the foregoing description of the general structure of thepresent machine, the general manner of of it operation may be describedas follows.
With reference to the embodiment in FIGURE 1, all the parts comprisedwithin supercooled zone 60 are cooled to a temperature such thatsecondary winding 50 and magnetic coil 75 become superconductive.supercooled Zone 60 can extend to include primary winding and portionsof electrical supply wires 30 and this will sometimes be preferred.However, it is critical only that there be adequate inductive couplingin transformer 40 to energize secondary and coil 75 from primary 45,whether or not primary 45 is supercooled. If desired, means for themeasurement of intensity of magnetic field 90 are positioned in properorientation adjacent thereto. FIGURE 1 illustrates one embodiment ofroom temperature access to the magnetic field adjacent coil 75.
The components of the machine being otherwise at rest, a shaped pulse ofelectrical energy of which the Shape represents a rapid rise and slowdecay of supplied energy, that is, a pulse that corresponds generally toshape 100 in FIGURE 2 is caused to pass through primary Winding 45 oftransformer 40. The initial rapid increment of this shaped pulse inducesan electric current of opposite sign but essentially the same shape,into secondary winding 50, the said current flowing through all parts ofboth secondary winding 50 and magnetic coil together with portionsthereof by which they are connected together. This current flow resultsin the development around each of secondary winding 50 and magnetic coil75 of a magnetic field. The collapse through space around primarywinding 45 of its magnetic field intersects primary winding 45 and tendstherein to generate electrical energy as a counter-electromotive forceopposed to that whereby the said magnetic fields were generated. Thiscounterelectromotive force is met by the electrical energy representedin the slow decrement of the pulse of shape 100. Ideally, the shape ofthe said decrement should exactly oppose the shape of such inducedcounter-electromotive force. It will thus be apparent to those skilledin the art that the indicated wave shape or a wave shape not differinggreatly therefrom is essential and critical to the efficient operationof the instant machine. In contrast, when primary winding 45 isexperimentally energized by spaced successive pulses of approximatelysquare or sine shape or simple pulses having amplitude but very briefduration, the counter-electromotive force almost completely balances thesupply, and magnetic field is at best only temporarily energized.
When magnetic coil 75 is energized in the indicated manner by shapedelectrical pulses, an electric current is caused to flow in theindicated manner through the continuous member comprising magnetic coil75 and secondary winding 50 together with members whereby they areconductively connected together. Because this entire conductive unit isa closed circuit and is superconductive, electrical energy in theamplitude induced by inductive coupling with primary winding 45 asenergized will continue to fiow almost free of ohmic loss, Magneticfield 90, once established, stands in the vicinity of magnetic coil 75and transformer secondary 50 in a relatively steady condition, unlessenergy be in some way withdrawn from it.
At this juncture, a succeeding energizing pulse essentially the same asthe one previously described, is supplied from source to primary winding45 and functions in essentially the manner previously described exceptthat electromotive force induced into the superconductive membercomprising secondary winding 50 and magnetic coil 75 is added to theelectromotive force previously described with the result that the moreor less loss-free continuously flowing current in the saidsuperconductive member has value representing essentially the incrementfrom both first and second pulses as described.
Succeeding pulses operate in the same manner with the result that theflowing current in the said superconductive member increases by pulseincrements in value to any desired level, provided only that the saidmember remain superconductive.
The strength of magnetic field 90 is graphically represented in FIGURE 2as field strength graphed against time by pulse shape 156 andaccumulating field strength as represented at 155.
When a substance, typically a metallic substance, is superconductive,its electrical properties in the ordinary sense cease to exist. In thesuperconductive state all substances are essentially alike as toconductivity, differing in various parameters such as temperature atwhich superconductivity arises, critical magnetic field at whichsuperconductivity is destroyed, and the like. Therefore, at least at lowlevels of magnetic field, superconductive substances are fullyinterchangeable in the present invention. Among substances available arethe following:
Superconductivity of best elements In addition to these elements,certain metallic alloys and alloy-like or metal-like compounds, some ofwhich are intended especially for super-conductivity uses, can beemployed, such as niobium nitride, niobium carbide, tantalum car-bide,gallium arsenide, niobium-tin and niobium-zirconium alloys, alead-arsenic-bismuth alloy, a lead-bismuth-antimony alloy,lead-tin-bismuth alloy, lead-arsenic alloy, molybdenum carbide,pentalead dinitride, bismuth-thallium compounds, antimony thalliumcompounds, and tantalum silicide. Among these a choice will involveappraisal of the critical magnetic field.
Various related matters will at once be evident to those skilled in theart. Firstly, the instantaneous magnetic flux initially imposed uponsecondary Winding 50 by its inductive coupling with primary winding 45as primary winding 45 is energized must not, as a pulse, exceed thevalue of the critical magnetic field above which secondary winding 50would lose its superconductivity.
Secondly, because there is very little ohmic loss in the superconductivemember comprising magnetic coil 75 and secondary winding 50, thesituation develops that despite the flow of relatively heavy current,almost no voltage can be measured within the said member. To the extentit is desired to measure the electrical energy within the saidsuperconductive member, the most practicable method of such measurementwill usually be measurement of magnetic field 90 from which hypotheticalor actual values of the current flow in the said supercooled member canbe calculated. This is the method preferred for monitoring the approachto current and field density conditions that would destroy the necessarysuperconductivity.
Thirdly, because conductive materials in a superconductive state byreason of extremely low temperature have virtually no ohmic resistanceand may therefore carry extremely heavy flow of current, it should benoted that the supercooled superconductive portions of the presentmachine, when carrying such heavy current, if permitted again to becomeohmically conductive, will have the effect of abruptly interposing arelatively high ohmic resistance path in the way of a relatively heavycurrent. The values of current and ohmic resistance if thesuperconductive portions of the present machine suddenly becomeconductive are commonly of such relative values that, upon transitionfrom the superconductive to the conductive state, such conductiveportions of the present machine might, depending upon the energypresent, be melted or vaporized at least locally, with release of largeamounts of heat. Such release of heat, immediately adjacent theliquefied gases commonly used to maintain a supercooled condition, wouldbe expected to give rise to rapid vaporization of the gases so that theresulting changes in physical state could be of explosive proportions.Therefore, it is desired for safetyalthough it is not critical toachieve the benefits of this invention in a single expendableinstancethat the superconductive portions of the present machine bedeenergized or nearly so before the superconductive condition beterminated.
Fourthly, it should be noted that, although the conditions necessary forthe establishment of a high-level magnetic field according to thepresent invention require that certain conductive portions of theapparatus be supercooled, the magnetic field itself readily proceedsoutside such supercooled zone, and once established, may be employedwith room temperature access 55, provided that the mechanically nearportions of the machine which must be supercooled in order to operatebe, indeed, maintained at a supercooled condition. Thus, for example, ashell or housing within which the supercooled parts of the equipment maybe maintained may be in a generally toroidal shape such that thesupercooled zone, conductors and the like, are positioned within thetoroidal shape; but the magnetic field -to which the device gives risemay move freely in the unoccupied space surrounded by and outside thetoroidal shape, to give room temperature access.
Thus, when it is desired to employ the present machine as a means ofenergizing or fixing the magnetic field of a fixed magnet which is of amagnetic alloy material maintained under a magnetic field as it coolsfrom the liquid to a solid condition, the said alloy material may be atits melting temperature or above, or at any temperature from such highertemperature down to room temperature or below; when employing thepresent machine in the attempt to modify biological or chemicalactivities, such biological or chemical activities may go on at suchtemperature as is desirable from the standpoint of the nature of theactivity sought to be modified. In any event, the maintenance ofmagnetic coil 75 and secondary winding 50, the essential and criticalparts of the present machine, in a supercooled and superconductivecondition defines the criticality of such supercooling.
The present machine is not operative when the entire machine and all itspartsconsidering its parts to extend as far as connection to a mainelectrical supply line-are superconductive. It is essential and criticalthat certain resistance elements, for example, those employed ingeneration of a shaped wavemust manifest their typical and desired ohmicresistance. However, by the choice of suitable materials for thesuperconductive magnetic coil and adjacent transformer secondary, it ispossible to design the present machine so that certain necessary partsretain their ohmic properties Whereas others become superconductive at atemperature relatively near to 0 K. without rendering superconductiveall the parts of the present machine.
Thus, by the judicious choice of parts, it is possible to openate thepresent machine in such temperatures as are encountered in, the shadowof celestial bodies at distances relatively remote from the earthsatmosphere without resort to artificial cooling. Thus, when employingthe present device in conjunction with space vehicles and the like, theoperation of the device may be delayed by timing devices or bythermostatic control until the device is cooled to a temperature atwhich parts necessary to be superconductively cooled will have achievedsuperconductivity, whereas other parts not so readily renderedsuperconductive retain their ohmic properties; in this condition, theoperation of the device may be initiated and successfully carried out.
In more conventional terrestrial locations such as routine fixedlaboratory work, supercooling is most conveniently accomplished by theuse of liquefied gases. The employment of a bath of liquid helium,preferably with an insulating vacuum, as a Dewar flask, permits theachievement of temperatures low enough that a substantial variety ofmetallic substances assume superconductivity thus rendering the presentmachine operative. However, other cooling means may be employed; thenature and identity of the cooling means is not essential or critical.For example, a Collins helium cryostat can be used, as can also magneticcooling, with the employment of any desired liquid heat transfersubstance.
When employing liquid helium as the ultimate coolant, it is to be notedthat the liquid helium itself has sufficiently low electricalconductivity under the employed conditions that further electricalinsulation of otherwise uninsulated metal conductors is not necessaryprovided only that they be spaced away from direct contact with oneanother. Electrical loss through the liquid helium may be essentiallyignored.
It is also to be noted that liquid helium has extremely low heat ofvaporization and, while useful for achieving very, low temperatures, isnot an eflicient medium for cooling through uptake of heat ofvaporization.
The following example illustrates the best method of practicing thepresent invention now known to the inventor.
Example A mold is prepared of glass tubing of approximately 2millimeters inside diameter by heating the tubing toa workabletemperature and forming it around a mandrel of approximately 1.5centimeters diameter, providing 17 turns each spaced apart from theadjacent turn by approximately inside diameter. From this shaped portionthe tubing mold continues, a portion of the tubing of which it is madebeing produced straight in a direction initially tangential to aterminal turn of the indicated coiled portion. At a distance ofapproximately mandrel diameters, the mold is again produced as a coil bywinding the said tubing (at a workable temperature) around the samemandrel, the turn spacing as hereinbefore indicated, for 20 turns, theaxis of the resulting coil presently, but not critically, parallel tothe axis of the first said coil. From the 20th such turn, the tubing isshaped tangentially to meet the first turn of the coil first abovedescribed. The ends of the tubing are brought together uniformly and arefused together, thus providing a onepiece continuous mold. An opening tscut in this mold with a small abrasive burr, the mold so positioned thatthe opening is at a highest point, the mold warmed to a temperature atwhich fracture from thermal shock is unlikely to occur, and thereafteris poured full of chemically pure lead at barely above its meltingtemperature. The lead is permitted to cool in the said mold until it ishardened and the mold is thereafter broken off gently with a minimum ofdeformation of the lead coil thus cast. The 17-turn portion of this coilconstitutes magnetic coil 75 and the ZO-turn portion constitutessecondary winding 50 as indicated in FIGURE 1. It is shown ingeneralized structure in FIGURE 3. A length of glass tubing slightlylonger than the lengthwise extension of secondary winding 50 isintroduced into the winding in the manner in which the mandrel occupiedit as it was being wound. Within this tubing, primary winding 45 ispositioned, and consists of a plurality of self-supporting, air-spacedturns of number 22 bare copper wire. The diameter of the turns isapproximately as great as will be accommodated inside the indicatedglass tubing.
A similar tubing is introduced into the interior of magnetic coil 75,and used to support the sensing probe of a gaussmeter.
The two said pieces of tubing are joined at their ends and provided withexternal projections, as support means 38 in FIGURE 3, which illustratesalso the present arrangement of coils.
The entire coil and support assembly as shown in general view in FIGURE4 and end view in FIGURE 5, together with glass tubing supports ispositioned within a Dewar flask. This Dewar flask comprises aglass-walled interior insulated chamber 62, of approximately 10centimeters diameter, defined and essentially enclosed by adouble-walled, evacuated Dewar insulating chamber 66 with interiorsilver plating 67 on its outer wall. The inner and outer walls are abouta centimeter apart and joined at their necks, the inner supported by(here glass wool) support means 70, and the space between evacuatedthrough neck 63. In use, the interior chamber 62 is filled approximatelyhalf full with liquid helium. Inlet duct 86 is provided for supply ofliquid helium 84. The electrical conductor formed as primary winding 45is produced at each end of the said winding as a lead wire, theresulting pair of leads 30 being brought out of the top of the Dewarflask and thereafter conventionally connected to a source of shapedelectrical energy pulses of the sort hereinbefore described. Heliumexhaust 88 and loose asbestos gasket 68 complete the basic structure.
As instrumentation, gaussmeter probe 76 is mounted appropriatelyadjacent magnetic coil 75, and connected by leads 77, with thegaussmeter, not shown. As is evident in the drawings, magnetic coil maybe farther (as in FIGURE 4) from or preferably nearer (as in FIGURE 3)to the gasketed opening 69 of the Dewar flask assembly.
Also, expanded polystyrene float 80 afiixed to cooperating float levelindicator 82 (presently a broom straw of exact length) is provided toindicate simply the depth of liquefied coolant gas within the Dewarflask. Other depth-indicating means can be used.
In the instant machine, energizing pulses are provided by pulsegenerating means, not shown. This is presently effected by connectingthe leads 30 with the rotary arm and one terminal of a potentiometer ofwhich the resistance member has essentially linear characteristics,which is motor driven at a controlled speed, typically approximately 15revolutions per minute, the said potentiometer being supplied, acrossits resistance member, with direct current from a regulated supply. Theversion of pulses, whether to energize as in shape in FIGURE 2 orde-energize as in shape in FIG- URE 2 magnetic coil 75, is determined,other conditions remaining constant, by the direction of motordrivenrotation of the potentiometer rotor arm. In the present machine, energyis supplied to the leads connecting with primary winding 45 as asuddenly arising pulse instantly at maximum value, thereafter decliningas the potentiometer arm rotates, to essentially zero at which point afurther rise to maximum value instantly occurs. This is graphicallyshown in FIGURE 2, shape 100. By corollary, when the motor is run in theother, or deenergizing direction, the energy supplied to the leads toprimary winding 45 rises gradually from zero to a [maximum value andthereafter drops off to zero, thereafter again rising to maximum value.This is shown graphically in FIGURE 2, shape 150.
It is to be noted that the use of such rotary potentiometer, whileconvenient and while admitting, by characteristics of the potentiometerwinding, of exact control of wave shapes over a range of frequenciesconvenient in the present invention, is by no means critical. Anelectronic oscillator of any of various known kinds, the output of whichis, after rectification, of desired wave shape, can be employed. Whendesired, a high frequency oscillator is used, including frequencies inthe audioand radio-frequency range. Fullor half-wave rectification canbe used, or a rectifying bias can be applied.
To bring the device into operation, magnetic coil 75 and unitarysecondary winding 50, together with supports and primary winding 45 anda gaussmeter probe are lowered, by a glass support and fixed in positionat the bottom of the Dewar flask 62 as before described. Thereafter, theflask 62 is filled approximately /2 full with liquid helium. Waste gas,lost as the liquefied helium is supplied to the Dewar flask chamber, isvented away, here through Bunsen valves, not shown, terminating exhaust88 for helium.
In the instant example, no means are provided for measuring thetemperature achieved in the Dewar flask, reliance being had, rather,upon the purity and known boiling characteristics of the chosen gas.
When the float indicator shows that a depth of liquefied gas believed tobe sufiicient has been achieved, a plywood safety partition is placedbetween the Dewar flask and the operator, the regulated direct currentpower supply is brought into operative condition, and energizing throughthe rotating potentiometer is begun.
The output of the indicated gaussmeter is connected with a scribing penon a moving graph paper tape, in standard laboratory procedures.
As the energizing of the superconductive secondary winding 50 andunitary magnetic coil 75 continues in the indicated manner, the trace ofthe gaussmeter output proceeds stepwise upward, the steps correspondingin time but not in shape to the energizing current.
The upward process of the gaussmeter graph indicates a rising level ofmagnetic flux in magnetic coil 75; absolute values are not detenminedbut it is estimated that an increment of from 0.1 to 0.5 gauss perrotation of the potentiometer is achieved. The incremental shape isessentially that shown in FIGURE 2, shape 155.
It will be noted that the flux represented by peaks 156, of incrementshape 155 of magnetic field 90 must not exceed the critical flux for thechosen superconductive material.
Operation of the present machine with a lead coil is continued forapproximately 500 charging cycles, that is, approximately 500 rotationsof the potentiometer arm, by which time a residual magnetic field ofapproximately 50 gauss has been developed. Charging is discontinued andthe gaussmeter observed for 2 hours. At the end of this time, a flux inexcess of 45 gauss remains.
Potentiometer rotation is reversed and the flux of magnetic field 90 isreduced to essentially zero. Decline occurs in per-cycle decrementsmoderately greater than the per-cycle increments.
In a succeeding operation, essentially the same procedures are followedbut charging continues to a level of approximately 75 gauss. After about2 hours observation, during which very slight loss occurs, presumablymostly through the gaussmeter probe, the coil is again de-energized asdescribed.
In another preferred method, the coil is energized by the rectified,half-wave output of an electronic oscillator, the reading of thegaussmeter being fed, through a direct-current amplifier, as a biassingpotential to a control grid of the rectifier or equivalent circuit. Byadjustment of circuit component valves, the device thus becomesself-limiting and does not exceed a predetermined strength of magneticfield 90.
I claim:
1. Machine for producing high level magnetic field comprisingessentially:
a magnetic coil which gives rise to a magnetic field when electricallyenergized, and as a unitary structure therewith,
a secondary winding of a transformer,
said magnetic coil and said secondary winding being essentiallymagnetically decoupled, and
both said magnetic coil and said secondary winding together with membersby which they are connected as unitary structure being of material thatbecomes superconductive at temperatures above 4.2 K.,
together with means by which said material is cooled to a temperature atwhich it is superconductive,
there being, inductively coupled with said secondary winding, a primarywinding of said transformer, and
electrical means for supplying to the said primary an energizing pulseof electrical energy that is characterized by very rapid increase to apredetermined maximum value, and thereafter decreases gradually withtime or a deenergizing pulse that increases gradually with time to aminimum value and thereafter decreases in value very rapidly.
2. Machine of claim 1 wherein the member that becomes superconductive isof the metal lead.
3. Process for producing high-level magnetic field comprisingessentially:
energizing a magnetic coil which gives rise to a magnetic field whenelectrically energized, and having as a unitary structure therewith,secondary winding of transformer,
said magnetic coil and said secondary winding being essentiallymagnetically decou pled, and both said magnetic coil and said secondarywinding together with members by which they are connected as unitarystructure being of material that becomes superconductive at temperatureabove 4.2 K., together with means by which said material is cooled to atemperature at which it is superconductive, there being, inductivelycoupled with said secondary winding, primary winding of saidtransformer, by supplying to the said primary a pulse of electricalenergy that is characterized by very rapid increase to a predeterminedmaximum value, and thereafter decreases with time.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS LEE T. HIX, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. XJR. 3352l6
| 2024-03-22 | 1965-04-29 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1969-03-25"
} |
US-94723D-A | Improved sled-clamp
L. R. DEXTER.
' Sleigh.
No. 94,723. Patented Sept. 14, 1869.
71/ ifmsea thinned fistatct fitted with.
Letters Patent No. 94,723, dated September 14, 1869.
IMPROVED shun-chem.
The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LYMAN R. DEXTER, ofLancaster, in the county of Coos, and State of New Hampshire, haveinvented a new andimproved Sled-Clamp; and that the followingdescription, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings,hereinafter referred to. forms a full and exact. specification of thesame, wherein I have. set forth the nature and principles of my saidimprovement, by which my invention may be distinguished from all othersof a similar class, together with such parts as I claim, and desire tohave secured to me by Letters Patent;
The object of this invention is so to attach the frame or body of sledsto the runners as will not only secure the one to the other in a firmand substantial manner, but, at the same time, prevent the runner fromspreading under heavy loads, and also guard against the possibility ofsplitting the runners at the points of attachment. I
In the accompanying drawings- Figure l is a plan or top view of myinvention Figure 2, a side view; and
Figure 3, a rear end view.
Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in the severaldrawings.-
A is a sled-runner, which may be of any desired, size, and constructedin the ordinary manner.
- B represents the braces or knees, the lower ends of which rest on andfit a recess, 71-, in the sole-plate a, and then spreads into twoarchiform braces or knees, until they come in contact with and arebolted to the beam b.
In close contact with the braces or knees B, and on either side of them,are two uprights, j j, the lower ends of which arem'ortised into therunners, and the upper ends pass through and'are secured with pins, orotherwise, to the sled-frame 11. These uprights j j not only secure theframe and runner together, but,-
at the same time, keep the sole-plate a and braces or knees B securelyin position, by reason of recesses, 12, formed in them, and into whichthe uprights j j are fitted.
On the upper side of the beam 1), and between its outer end and the sideof the frame d, is a cap or plate of iron, It, so constructed as tofirmly enclose the sides of the beam b, thus preventing its splitting,while, at
the same time, it keeps the frame (I in place, so that From theforegoing description, it will be seen that by means of my clamp, I makea strong and compact union between the frame and runners of sleds, sothat the one becomes an intimate part of the other, making it impossibleto separate them, while, at the same time, admitting of the necessaryrepairs without trouble, and at little expense.
Having thus described my invention,
What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
The clamping together of the runners and frames of sleds, by means ofthe braces B, uprights j j, in combination with the sole-plate a, andcap or'plate k, all as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
LYMAN R. DEXTER.
.Witncsses:
RICHARD P. KENT, NELson' KENT.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1869-09-14"
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US-38002420-A | Tire valve
.mm2-1, 192s;
lll
TIRE VALVE Filed llay 10. 1920 INVENTOR By A llornys,
Patented Nov. 27, 1928,
UNITED STATES y 1,693,0z4` PATENT OFFICE.
HENRY P. KRAFT, F RIDGEWOO'D, NEW JERSEY; EDGAR J. PHILLIPS AND EARL vA.DARR EXECUTORS OF THE WILL OF HENRY P. KRAFT, DECEASED.
TIRE VALVE.
Application led May 10,
This invention relates to valves for pneumatic tires or the like andaims to provide certain improvements therein. y
The invention is particularly directed to a valve adapted for use onwheels of the disk typ-e. In this type of wheel, there being no spokes,pro lfon ist be made for gaining access fis the end of the tire valvefor inflation, deflation, and gauging, which operations are easilyaccomplished in the ordinary wood or wire wheel by reason of the spacesbetween the spokes which permit the pump coupling or gauge to be freelyapplied to the end of the valve.
According to the presentinventiony I provide a fitting which isapplicable for use in connection with wheels of the disk type, 'whichfitting is angular in form and which, in eilect, constitutes acontinuation of the valve, one end of the litting being connected withthe valve, and the other preferably projecting through the disk in adirection which is substantially parallel to the wheel axis. Preferably,this fitting is provided with .means for depressing the tire valve pinwhereby gauge readings can easily be taken by applying the gauge' to thefree end of the litting, and whereby the operation of deflating may beeasily accomplished. The invention includes certain other features ofimprovement which will be hereinafter moi/'p y fullyl described.
Referring to the drawings which illustrate the invention as applied to adisk wheel constructed of wood,
, Figure -1 isan elevation of the invention, the wheel being shown indiametrical section'. Fig. Zis an elevation at right angles to Fig." l1,certain parts-being broken away.` Fig. 3 is a sectional vi roug thevalve',1 -part of the wheel disk being shown in section. Fig; 4;' is aview similar to Fig. 3 showing the partsin dea'tin 'or gaugingposition.l
'Referring to the rawings, let A indicate the'wheel as a whole which isshown as comprisin ra' central web or disk B, the periphery of whlchhassecured to it, a metallic'rlm C.
The diskfB is shown as constructed oflamihated wood, and whil'eit isillustrated as dislaced somewhat toione side of-*the wheel, it,nevertheless, occupiesthe central portion of the4 wheel so that it mustbe recessed as shown at lD (Figs. 1 and 2) to receive-the tire valve E.Y
'The valve E as, shown, "comprises a stand- .to the end of the fitting.The member 1920. Serial No. 380,024
passing through a suitable hole in the demountable rim G and fixed rimC. It is desirable from the standpoint of appearance, and for otherconsiderations, that the exterior of the wheel shall be as continuous aspossible. For this reason, it is advisable to arrange the wheel so thatthe recess D is on the interior lof the wheel, or that side which facesthe car.
According to the present invention, I provide a fitting I-I whichpreferably is detachably secured to the valve E and which alsopreferably is 0f`right angled construction so that when secured to theradially arranged valve, its operative end I extends transversely to thedisk, or parallel Withthe axis of the wheel. The projecting end I isbest screwthreaded to receive the ordinary pump coupling, and theattaching end J is best provided with a union K for connecting itwiththe valve nipple L. The union shown comprises a swivel member M (seeFig. proy Vvided with a detachable-nut N held in place by a threadedsleeve O. This construction of union is not claimed herein since itforms the subject matter of a pending application iiled by me.
According to the preferred iformnof 'the present invention, I providemeans extendingy to the end I of the iitting by :which the pin l?` ofthe tirevalve (Figs. 3 and 4) may be depressed in vorder that th'e'valvemay be placed in communication with the fitting for purposes ofdeflation or gauging. The means f `I prefer to employcomprise apair ofmembers Q., R these members constitutin in effeet, a rod or pin leadingfrom the va 'vecpin 1s referably constructed as a 'pin shapedmem-- er,the lower end of which is best concaved p sli htly as. shown atv S toengage the tire va ve pin P and is best provided with a spring vpointedends of thetwo pin members `comprise in effect, wedging. surfaces by.means of pointed and which is adapted toena. reduced .-T, whichnormallyfholdsthe'pin Q in its. l
which,iwhenthe. extension U isjpressed in- .,jvardly, thefpin'membervQis p i wardly to open the tire valve. By forming the abutting endsofthe two pin members, symmetrically pointed, as shown, these membersmay turn in any direction without ai'ecting their operative connection.The head of the member' Q affords a suitable shoulder against which theupper portion ot' the spring T abuts whilethe lower end of the springbest bears against a detachable sleeve V which may be held in place bythe packing washer W of the fitting. This permits the pinmember Q to beeasily removed or replaced by removing the nut N. The pin member R isbest held in position by a screw-threaded sleeve X which bea-rs againsta shoulder Y formed between the body of the member and the reducedextension U.
The fitting H preferably has means for clamping it to a portion of thedisk l5, such means being shown as a fixed flange Z and a disk nut Z',the first bearing against the inner face of the web and the second beingadjusted on the exterior of' the wheely in order to clamp the fitting inplareon the disk.
Preferably, the recess D formed in the disk is enlarged as shown at Dand a slot D2 is best provided which passes throughthe disk B, the slotbeing elongated radially as best seen in Figs. 1 and 2.
In applying the fitting to the wheel, the
demountable rim G is first adjusted in place with the valve E projectinginwardly through the fixed rim C. The fitting is then applied from theinner side of the wheel and the coupling J screwed down to make a leakwtight joint between the fitting and the valve nipple. In so doing, theright angled' part of the'fit'ting may slide easily in the slot I)';This slot also provides sufficient room for apf plication of the fittingto valves of different degrees of projection through the rim. Vhcnadjusted in place, the flange Z being oi" greater diameter than thewidth of the slot D2, bears against 'the inner face of the recessedportion of the disk and the end vI of the fitting projects through thedisk outwardly to the exterior. The nut Z is then applied opened. Soalso, if it is desired to determine L the pressure in the tire, a gaugeof a standard type may be pressed on the end I of' th'e fitting, thegauge depressing the pin R. The
pin R is normally maintained in its extended position by the spring T,which, in forcing the pin member Q upwardly, moves the pin R outwardly.An ordinary valve cap may be applied to the end I of the'itting in orderto prevent any leakage if the tire valve fails to seat properly orbecomes injured. The fitting preferably does not maintain the tire valvein its depressed position, the latter remaining closed until the pin Ris pressed inwardly.
A While I have shown and described one form ot' the invention, it willbe understood that I do not wish to be limited thereto, as variouschanges may be made therein without departing from the spirit of theinvention. While the pin members Q and R 'are shown as separate members,it will be understood that these may be connected in any manner whichwill permit the movement otl the extremity of the pin R to betransmitted to the valve pin. be made if desired.
What I claim is The combination with a wheel having a disk, an elongatedslot through said disk, and a tire valve having an angled fittingpassing through said slot, said angled fitting having means for clampingsaid disk. said clamping means comprising a fixed disk on the' angledfitting and a screw-threaded disk adapted to engage a thread on theangled fitting and clamp the wheel disk between the two.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.
HENRY P. KRAFT.
Other changes may also
| 2024-03-22 | 1920-05-10 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
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"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1928-11-27"
} |
US-58363531-A | Humidifier
Jan. 23, 1934, E. SCHNEIDER ,9 7
HUMIDIFIER Filed Dec. 29, 1931 7 "i MHIMIIHHIII IZUQH/Z'OT' Z fiziZSchneider; jy w .fliiorney Patented Jan. 23, 1934 UNITE FriesApplication December 29, 1931 Serial No. 583,635
4 Claims.
My invention relates to humidifiers, that is to say, to devices forraising the moistm'e content of the air of a room of a building such asa dwelling or the like.
The principal object of my invention is to provide a humidifier whichwill be simple and inexpensive in construction, and which will beautomatic in its action, requiring no attention other than to see thatthe Waterin the reservoir forming part thereof is replenished from timeto time.
The nature and characteristic features of my invention will be morereadily understood from the following description, taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawing forming part hereof, illustrating incross-section a humidifier embodying the main features of my presentinvention. 7
It will, of course, be understood that the drawing and descriptionherein contained are illustrative merely, and that various changes andmodifications may be made in the structure disclosed without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.
Referring to the drawing, in the particular embodiment of my inventiontherein shown, 1 is a tank or reservoir, made of any suitable materialand of any desired shape or configuration. The reservoir 1 may beprovided with a filling opening 2 at the top, normally closed by astopper 3 threaded therein.
A sealing gasket 4 may be provided in conjunction with the stopper 3, sothat the top of the tank may be made air tight at the filling opening,which is necessary for the proper functioning of the device, as will behereinafter described. The bottom of the tank is provided with an outletopening 5, which may be provided with a downwardlyextending lip portion6.
Disposed beneath the tank 1 is an evaporator, preferably comprising ahollow porous cup 7, which may, if desired, be secured directly on theunder side of the tank 1, with a sealing washer 8 interposed between theupper edge of. the porous cup and the bottom wall of the tank to preventleakage at that place.
Arranged beneath the porous cup '7 is a drip pan 9, which may beprovided with a central teat 10, which may be seated in a complementaryrecess 11 in the under surface of the bottom of the porous cup.
The drip pan 9 may also be provided with a recess 12 in the under sidethereof, for the engagement therein of the central portion of a leafspring 13. The outer ends of the spring 13 engage the horizontalextension 14 of a bail member 15, the upper ends of the side portions ofwhich may be secured to the tank 1.
A Vent pipe 16 extends upwardly from the drip pan 9, through one of thewalls of the tank 1, and terminates interiorly of the tank near the topthereof.
The operation of the device may now be explained. The tank or reservoir1 is filled with water through the opening 2 at the top thereof. Thestopper 3 is then replaced to close the top of said tank against theadmission of air other than that which is permitted to pass thereinthrough the vent pipe 16, as hereinafter described.
The opening 5 in the bottom of the tank forms a communication betweenthe interior of the tank and the interior of the porous cup, so that thewater flows therethrough from the tank to the cup. .The water then seepsthrough the porous walls of the cup, and is evaporated therefrom.
The thickness of the walls and the degree of porosity of the cup arepreferably such that no more than the maximum quantity of water whichcan be evaporated from the outer surface of the cup will be permitted topass therethrough.
However, in practice conditions arise wherein the water will passthrough the walls of the cup faster than it will be evaporated from theouter surface thereof. This will occur, for example, when the humidityof the room in which the device is used has been raised to or near thenormal. In such cases, the water will drip downwardly on the outside ofthe cup and will accumulate in the drip pan.
When a sufficient quantity of water has accumulated in the drip pan toseal the lower end of the vent pipe, and thus prevent the air frompassing through said vent pipe to the top of the reservoir, the flow ofthe water from the tank to the porous cup will be retarded. In thismanner, further dripping will be prevented. When, however, the water inthe drip pan evaporates sufiiciently, air will again be permitted topass through the vent pipe to the top of the reservoir, and thus relievethe partial vacuum therein.
Should it become necessary, by reason of impurities contained in thewater used, to clean the interior of the porous cup 7, the spring 13 maybe compressed sufficiently to permit the drip pan 9 and the porous cup 7to be detached from the device.
The device may be suspended in any desired portion of the room, althoughfor the. bestresults it should be placed, in the case of a room heatedby steam or hot water, in proximity to 11;]
the radiator; and in the case of a room heated by hot air, in front ofthe register or other outlet of the hot air duct, so that, in anyinstance, the current of warm air impinging against the evaporator willincrease the evaporation and cause the moisture to be distributedthroughout the room.
I claim:
1. A humidifier comprising a water reservoir having a closed top and anoutlet at the bottom, a closed hollow porous walled evaporator securedto the under side of the reservoir, the outlet of the reservoir being incommunication with the interior of said evaporator, a drip pan mountedbelow the evaporator adapted to catch any excess water which may be fedto the evaporator, and a vent pipe extending from the drip pan to thetop of the reservoir, the lower end of said vent pipe being sealed bythe accumulation of water in the drip pan.
2. A humidifier comprising a water reservoir having a closed top and anoutlet at the bottom, a closed hollow porous walled evaporatordetachably secured to the underside of the reservoir, the outlet of thereservoir being in communication with the interior of said evaporator, adrip pan mounted below the evaporator adapted to catch any excess waterwhich may be fed to the evaporator, and a vent pipe extending from thedrip pan to the top of the reservoir, the lower end of said vent pipebeing sealed by the accumulation of Water in the drip pan.
3. A humidifier comprising a water reservoir having a closed top and anoutlet at the bottom, a closed hollow porous walled evaporator arrangedbelow the reservoir, the outlet of the reservoir being in communicationwith the interior of said evaporator, a drip pan mounted below theevaporator adapted to catch any excess water which passes through thewall of the evaporator, and a vent pipe extending from the drip pan tothe top of the reservoir, the lower end of said vent pipe being sealedby the accumulation of water in the drip pan.
4. A humidifier comprising a water reservoir, a closed hollow porouswalled evaporator arranged below said reservoir, a communication betweenthe bottom of the reservoir and the interior of said evaporator, andmeans controlled by the drip of excess water from the exposed surface ofthe evaporator for retarding the flow of water from the reservoir to theevaporator.
EMIL SCHNEIDER.
| 2024-03-22 | 1931-12-29 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1934-01-23"
} |
US-574822D-A | rauscher
(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1;
E. P. RAUSCHER.
GOAL MINING MACHINE.
nted Jan. 5, 1897.
I k J W n 1 V A W A V -u v w 0 Y 1. F v, N
(N0 Modl.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. E. P. RAUSGHER. COAL MINING MACHINE.
No. 574,822. Patented Jan. 5, 1897.
UN TED; STATES PATENT OFFICE.
EDWARD P. RAUSCHER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE MORGAN-GARDNER ELECTRIC COMPANY, .OF SAME PLACE.
COAL-MINING MACHINE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 574,822, dated January5, 1897.
Application filed April 23,1896. $eria1No.588,747. (No model.)
To ctZZ whom it may concern: as well as the mechanism for feeding theslid- Be it known that I, EDWARD P. RAUSCHER, ing frame and chainthereon into the work. a citizen of the United States of America, re-For this purpose a solid framework b is sesiding at Chicago, in thecounty of Cook and cured to the sliding frame at the rear end, 55 5State of Illinois, have invented certain new thereof which does notenter the channel cut and useful Improvements in Coal-Mining Maby themachine. This framework is seen in chines, of which the following is aspecificaend elevation in Fig. 2 and in section in Fig. tion. 3. Lookingat the latter figure it will be seen My invention relates to certainimprovethat a shaft 0 is journaled therein carrying 6o 10 ments inmining-machines of the class known upon its middle portion an armatureC, about as channeling:machines, said improvewhich are arranged thenecessary auxiliary ments being directed to the portions of the devicesto make up an electric motor, and at machine which feed the cuttingmechanism the lower end the same shaft carries a pininto the coal andreturn the same. ion 0, fast thereon in mesh with a gear-wheel 65 I 5The purpose of the invention is to provide d, fast upon a shaft 62,journaled in a bracket devices to protect the machinery from break- (2secured to the frame b, and also carrying age under an unusual strain,devices for aubelow the gear-wheel a sprockct-rs 'heel d and tomaticallyreversing the feed when the cutabove the bracket a Worm d". Thecuttingting mechanism has reached the limit of its chain passes aboutthe sprocket-wheel d and 7o movement into the coal, and devices for auisdriven thereby, and the worm-whcel d is tomatically stopping the feed atthe end of provided with suitable connections whereby the returnmovement. it moves the sliding frame B back and forth To such end theinvention consists in cerupon its stationary frame. tain novel featuresfully set forth in the fol- The thread upon the worm (Z is such that 7 5lowing description and defined in the appendthe movement of the sametends to raise the ed claims. worm, and said worm is movable up and downIn the drawings presented herewith, Figupon the shaft cl. To withstandthe tendure 1 is a plan of the portions of a miningency of movingupward, a washer E, of commachine necessary toillustrate myinvention.paratively weak material, as, for instance, 80
Fig. 2 is a section in line 2 2 of Fig. 1, lookcast-iron, is placed uponthe shaft, and above ing in the direction of the arrow 2 in said figthewasher a metal tube E is fitted upon the ure. Fig. 3 is a broken sectionin line 3 3 of shaft, the bottom of said tube being beveled the samefigure, looking in the direction of the and resting in a correspondingbeveled hole arrow 3. Fig. at is a broken plan, upon an enin the top ofthe washer E. The washer and 85 larged scale, of a portion of Fig. 1.Fig. 5 is tube are held down upon the worm by a nut a broken section inline 5 5 of Fig. 4, lookscrewed upon the end of the shaft d. This ing inthe direction of the arrow 5; and Fig. washer is made of such strengththat in case (3 is a broken section in line 6 6 of Fig. 4, any unusualobstruction is met with in the looking in the direction of the arrow 6.coal the washer will break before the other 90 0 Looking at Fig. 1, aframe A will be seen parts of the machine and protect the latter whichis stationary with respect to the work from injury. and which carries alongitudinally-sliding The worm d meshes with a suitable gear frame 13,guided by ways a in the frame A, F upon a shaft f, journaledhorizontally in and carryingin practiceacutting-chain which brackets d dand extending laterally across 5 extends completely around the frame andthe frame from side to side. At the opposite across the head 1) thereof,where it encounends of said shaft are'two gears f f, loose ters the coaland cuts the channel therein. upon the shaft and having upon their innerThis chain is not shown in the drawings for faces series of teeth fopposed to correthe reason thatit is a common feature of this spondingteeth g g upon collars G G, keyed no class of machines. The slidingframe l3 also upon the shaft f, but longitudinally movable carries thedriving mechanism for the chain thereon. These collars are spaced apartby lars being such that when one is in engage ment with one of the gearsthe other is thrown out of engagement with the gear upon the oppositeend of the shaft. The gear f meshes with a gear 71, fast upon a shaftII, also journaled in the brackets (1. Another gear h, fast upon thesame shaft, engages by means of an intermediate gear h with the gear fBecause of this intermediate gear the motion imparted to the shaft II bythe gear f is the reverse of the motion imparted by the gear The shaftll extends at both ends beyond the journals and without the same carriestwo gears 7L3 7L meshing with racks a a upon the stationary frame A. Toinsure the complete mesh with these racks, rollers X Y, journaled in thebrackets (1 are arranged upon the 0pposite sides of the racks. Therotation of the gears 71.3 7t" moves the sliding frame or carriage backand forth upon the stationary frame or base, and the reversible clutchcarried by the frame G and above described provides means for impartingthe desired motion to this feedin g device. To move this frame G backand forth to reverse the feed,a lever K is employed, which isbest shownin Figs. at and 5. This lever has an arm 75, pivoted to the frame G2 at70, avertical portion k j ournaled in brackets 70 upon the frame I), andan arm 75, extending laterally over the rack a. Upon this rack arearranged two pins or stops L L. (See Fig. 1, also Figs. 2, 23, and 4:.)These steps are so located that the arm b will engage the stop L whenthe carriage reaches the limit ofits motion into the coal and the stop Lwhen the carriage is wholly withdrawn therefrom.
In the drawings the carriage is shown as upon its return movement, theclutch being thrown to the left. \Vhen the arm reaches .the stop L, itwill disengage the clutch and stop the carriage.
At the right end of the frame G in Figs. 1 and 2 and at the top in Fig.4: will be seen a coiled spring Z, tending to crowd the clutch towardthe left in Figs. 1 and 2. To start the carriage into the coal, the arm7& is moved still farther away from the stop until the collar g engageswith the pinion f which starts the carriage on its inward movement. Whenthis movement is once made, the resistance of the carriage prevents thespring Z from disengaging the clutch until the inward movement iscompleted, when the disengagement is caused by the striking of the arm7& against the stop L, and as soon as the clutch is disengaged from theri ght-h and pinion the spring Z engages it with the lefthand pinion andstarts the return movement.
I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- In a device ofthe class described, the com bination with the driven shaft, cl, andworm, d, longitudinally movable thereon, of the hollow washer, E,resting upon said worm and having a conical hole in its upper end, and acollar, E,havinga corresponding conical end resting in the conical holein the washer, whereby the collar, E, will split thewasher, E, beforesufficient strain is put upon the other portions of the machine toinjure the same; substantially as described.
EDXVARD P. RAUSGIlER.
\Vitnesses:
JAMES P. GARDNER, ROBERT RYAN.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1897-01-05"
} |
US-50693131-A | Calendar pad
Oct. 27, 1931 P. c. THOMAS CALENDAR PAD Filed Jan. 6, 1931 2Sheets-Sheen 1 fiaal (Ff/amines A ilorne y P. C. THOMAS CALENDAR PADOct. 27, 1931.
Filed Jan. 6, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheer, 2
MONTH moum' CURRENT .5PECIAL ORGANIZATION ADDRESS NAME Inuenior flea?65.7 0? 0272 06' A tlorney V of the frame.
Patented Oct. 27, 1931 v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PAUL G. THOMAS, FSCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA CALENDAR PAID Application filed January 6, 1931.Serial No. 506,931.
This invention relates to a calendar pad, contained in the envelope, thename of the the general object of the invention. being to organizationwhich receives the money and provide a plurality of envelopes,detachably the name of the giver or any other suitable connectedtogether with each envelope condata. The ends of the envelope formingthe taining data representing a period of one pad may be fastenedtogether by glue or the 50. weekso that the envelopes form a calendarlike but the bottom and top are free to facilithat can be used bychurches, insurance comtate removal of the envelopes and also thepanies, Christmas savings clubs, and the like opening of the flaps forthe insertion of the that require periodical payments of dues so dues.
envelope. tive I provide a frame 6 which surrounds the Thisinventionalso consists in certain other top and the two sides or ends ofthe pad and features of construction and in the combinathe pad and frameare attached to a base 7 tion and arrangement of the several parts,which may be attached to a picture device A e that each weekly amountcan be placed in an To finish the pad and make it more attracit, to behereinafter fully described, illustrated as shown in Figure 1.
, in the accompanying drawings and specifical- As shown, the frame 6 isof hollow conly pointed out in the appended claim. struction with astraight inner wall and a In describing the invention in detail,refstraight bottom wall and the outer wall curverence will be had to theaccompanying drawing from the edge of the bottom wall to the 20 ingswherein line characters denote like or top edge of the inner wall andthis main corresponding parts throughout the several frame forms arecess for receiving the pad. views, and in which: From the foregoing itwill be seen that Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the eachenvelope represents a eriod of one week 7 invention applied to a picturedevice. dating from Sunday to aturday with the 25 Figure 2 is a frontview of the pad and the days of the week thereon and the name of framecontaining the same. the organization and other data on the back.
Figure 3 isa section on line 33 of Fig- Each envelope may be removed inconsecuure 2. w tive order and the weekly dues or payments Figure 4 is arear view ofv one of the eninserted and then given to the organization.30 velopes. Itis thought from the foregoing descrip- Figure 5. is avertical sectional view tion that the advantages and novel featuresthrough the frame. of the invention will be readily apparent. Figure6 isa sectional view through a part It is to be understood that changes maybe made in the construction and in the combi- 3 .In these drawings, thenumeral 1 indicates nation and arrangement of the several parts, .0
the pad formed of fifty two envelopes 2. provided that such changes fallwithin the Each envelope has on its flap side data repscope of theappended claim. 7 resenting the names of the days of the week Havingthus described my invention, what "as shown at 3 and the numerals 4represent- I claim as new is:
' ing the dates or days of the month contained A calendar pad comprisingfifty two enin a certain week. The envelope is also provelopes eachrepresenting a week of a year vided with data representing the year andwith data on the fiap side of the envelope inthe month and any othersuitable data. The dicating the year, the month, and the days of rear ofthe'envelope contains data indicated the week and the dates and data onthe other 4 generally at 5 for indicating the amounts side of theenvelope giving the name of the 10 V I i 1 In testimony whereof I affixmy signature.
'ofgahization to Whieh payments are made, i etc.,'a base to which thepad. is conneeted'and a frame attached to the base and surrounding theendsiand top of the pad'said frame being I0:E-'ho110W construction andcomposed of a' flat-base walh 1a straight'innerwalland. a curvedouterwall connected with the edges of the base and inner Walls and. theframe foaming a three-sided recess for receiving the pa V PAUL moms.
| 2024-03-22 | 1931-01-06 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1931-10-27"
} |
US-372776D-A | Eichaed w
(No Model.)
R. W. TANNER.
4 PE DAL.
No. 372,776. Patented Nov. 8, 1887.
UN TED STATES PATENT OFFICEO RICHARD W. TANNER, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Fateh.: No. 372,776, datedNovember 8, 1887.
Application filed March 5, 1887. Serial No. 229,891. (No model.)
TO all ruhom it mcby concern.-
Be it known that I, RICHARD W. TANNER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Albany, in the countyofAlbany and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Pedals and Mountings forPianos and Organs; and I do hereby deolare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
My invention relates to piano and organ pedals and means for mountingthem, and is designed to provide a bearing for the pedalpins that willobviate the defects common to metallic bearings; further, to providesuitable means for adjusting and renewing said bearings; also, toprovide means for adjusting the pedal-feet relatively to each' other,and, further, to protect the opening in the piano or organ frametraversed by the pedal from mice, dirt, and all foreign matter.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a top view ofpedal-bracket or hingeplate, Fig. 2, a bottom view of same; Fig. 3, atop View of pedals attached to hinge-plate; Fig. i, a bottom view ofpedal-bracket and pedals with a downward'projecting plate. Fi g. 5 is aperspective View. of plug used with pedal-bracket. Fig. 6 is alongitudinal crossscction of part of pedal-slianl,sliowing theunderhanging plate c. Fig. 7 is a Gross-section of Vertical projection Athrough line 4:.
similar letters refer to similar parts throughout.
The hinge-brackets are composed of baseplatcs A and B, having on theouter ends lateral projections, through which openings e are made forscrews to fasten it to the piano or organ frame. Their inner ends arealso provided with lateral projections, one of which having alongitudinal slot, while the corresponding end of the adjoiningplate hasalateral projection having its edges provided with downwardproj ectingflangcs b',suhstantially parallel with each other, adapted to engagewith the slotted end, and is provided with a hole, l), through which ascrew may be passed to fasten the plate to the organ or piano. The screwmay be moved along the slot a. The overlapping projection is drawn downand pressed upon the slotted end by the Screw, thereby holding ing fromthe bottom surface of the plate to a height at which itis desired tohinge the pedal.
The upper surfaee of this recess dis preferably t made rounding toprovide a bearing for the pedal-pins. Within this opening, at the upperend,on the rounded surl'ace,may be placed a covering of lcather or othermaterial having similar capabilities.
The pedal C, having a pin eXtending transversely through its shank, isplaced in position between the upright projections A', the pedalpinwithin the opening d resting on theleather surface. The lcather may beomitted and the pin made to bear on the metal surface within the groove.I prefer, however, to use a nonmetallic bearing. \Vhen the pin is inposition, a plug of wood, D, or other suitable material corresponding inshape to the inner surface of the opening d,is pressed into the openinguntil the wood bears upon the pedal-pin. The plug should be slightlylarger than the opening, in order that it may be held firmly in positionwhen forced into the opening. Should the bearing become loose from wearor other cause, the plug D can be pressed further into the opening untilit bears upon the pedal-pin. The shapc of the upright projections may bevaried somewhat without departing from my invention, the essentialfeature of the projection being the recess opening into the spaceoccupied by the pedal between the Vertical projections. The slot Orirecess may be made horizontal, if desired, instead of Vertical.
The outer sides of the uprights are shown beveled, and are made so foreonvenience in molding. They may be made parallel instead, and therecess made to open on the outer side of the projection as well as onthe inner.
Attached to the under Surf-acc of the pedal C is a doWnward-proj ectingplate, c, substantially IOO equal in Width to that part of thepedal-shank where it is attached. This projeetion is attached to thepodal at a point on the shanl near the onter surface of the organ orpiano Case When in its place in the piano,and should be long enough toCover the slot traversed by the podal even When the podal is at rest,there by excluding Iniee dirt, and all other extraneous matter froni theframe.
TV hat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. A piano or organ podal pivotally Conneeted to a hinge-braclot havinga detaehable bearing for the pedal-pin, substantially as shown anddescribed.
2. A piano or organ podal pivotally connected to a hinge-braeletprovided With an opening adapted to hold a detaehable bearing for thepodal-pill, substantially as shown and described.
3. Piano or organ pedals pivotally connected to hinge-braclets havingbase plates provided With eaI's or lateral projeetions, theinnerearsarranged one above the other, and means for adjustahly seenring saidCars to the piano or organ frame, substantially as shown and desoribed.
4;. Piano or organ pedals pivotally attached to pedal-braekets havingtheir baseplates p ro- Vided With lateral projeetions, the innerprojeetions arranged one above the other, the u nder one provided With alongitudinal slot, substantially as shown and described.
5 A piano Or organ pedal pivotally Conneeted to a hinge-braelethavingVertical projeetions, each provided With aslot, and means containedtherein for adjusting the bearing to the p edal-pin, substantially asshown and deseribed.
G. A piano or organ pedal having its entire under snrfaee insubstantially the same horizontal plane,and provided on its under surlaee With a doWnWard-projecting plate extending transversely across theshank of the podal, substantially as shown and described.
RICHARD W. TANNER.
\Vitnessesz J AMES W. EATON, Jr., ROBERT W. l-IA'RDIE,
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1887-11-08"
} |
US-66109346-A | Ventilated ironing shoe
May 9, 1950 D. A. LUNDY 2,507,029
VENTILATED IRONING SHOE Filed April l0, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IMay 9,1950 D. A. LUNDY VENTILATED IRONING SHOE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April10, 1946' Patented May 9, 1950 UNITED STATS PTENT GFFICE This inventionrelates to a shoe and roll combination in an ironing machine wherein thesteam created in drying the fabrics during the ironing operation isvented through the shoe in such a manner as to render the ironingoperation more efcient and effective.
Heretofore, in ironing fabrics it has been the custom to vent anddissipate the steam through the padding on an ironing roll or throughthe padding of a buck of a press ironing machine. With this method ofironing, the fibers of the pads are also softened as well as the fabricsthrough the steaming of the moisture in the fabrics and the heat fromthe shoe drives such moisture directly into the pad. While such pad isalso under pressure through the force exerted .by the ironing shoe, suchpads also become compacted and ironed, so to speak, so that these padseventually lose their resiliency and should be replaced for the purposeof maintaining the proper ironing efficiency and effectiveness.
When an ironing shoe is removed from any part of the pad, the steamcondenses and meistens the pad thereby interfering with subsequentironing and drying of fabrics. Such a dampened pad takes additional heateach time it is brought into contact with the shoe, consuming heat thatis needed for ironing new fabrics. Furthermore, the maximum temperatureof a shoe in an ironing machine is limited to the maximum currentavailable and usable for heating domestic ironers and such limits dependupon the maximum current output which may be drawn from a standardoutlet in a home.
During the ironing in a conventional shoe construction with a paddedroll, the steam escapes from under the edges of the shoe, falling forthe most part, either on already ironed fabrics where it resoftens thesame, or the steam moves to unironed fabrics where it adds excessivemoisture requiring more heating than is sometimes available from thewidth of the ironing shoe. The portion of the steam escaping towards theoperator offers real danger from steam burns under conditions Where themoisture is too excessive while under the influence of the shoe pressurewhile ironing.
Certain extreme conditions may also exist in the conventional ironingmachine wherein the steam is driven downward into the padding or mustescape under the ironing shoe. When a pad becomes packed or in the caseof the use of a vapor proof pad or cover, the steam formed under thecentral portion of the shoe cannot escape with ease into the well packedpad nor at all in the vapor proof pad. Through the absorption of furtherheat from the shoe, this steam becomes superheated to a point where itovercomes the downward pressure of the shoe and necessarily escapessideways by momentarily raising the shoe.
While so raised, the fabric beneath the shoe is apt to be forced into awrinkled state which is immediately pressed under the action of the shoepressure.
It is one of the main objects of the shoe and roll construction in thepresent invention to provide an ironing means which will overcome all ofthe foregoing objections and Which will eiiiciently and effectively ironfabrics due to the proper distribution and dissipation of the steam thatis created by the shoe from the fabrics under ironing conditions.
With the use of the shoe of the present invention, it is possible to usea shoe of less width than the conventional ironing shoes for the simplereason that the moisture is more quickly withdrawn from the fabrics anddissipated, drying such fabrics under a shorter eiective ironing contactarea. This permits the use of a smaller shoe, and obviously, of asmaller diameter roll which lessens the cost of an ironing machine andwhich may also be mounted to occupy less head room making such anironing machine of smaller overall dimensions as a direct result of thesmaller shoe and roll. As a word of explanation, it should be noted thatironing is accomplished by first softening the bers in the fabrics andthen by holding the same under pressure as by use of an ironing shoe,until all of the moisture is driven out of the fabrics and the fibersthereof at which time such fabrics assume the smooth and fiattenedironed condition. For this reason, the ironing rolls of the presentconventional design are all of excessive width as far as ironingcontacting surface is concerned to insure a thorough drying of thefabrics. Also, in direct connection with the conventional ironing shoeand roll, it is sometimes necessary to obtain the proper drying andironing results in machines wherein the pad has become compact to iron asecond time to successfully dissipate the moisture or steam generatedthrough the action of the hot shoe.
Another object of the present invention is to provide means for steamingor venting directing vapors in guided relation to the surface of thefabric and in a predetermined propagating manner to either collect andredistribute or to definitely dispense the water vapors. Further, such ameans acts to systematically direct the vaporization action of the shoein a predetermined pattern effectively acting upon the entire width ofte fabric subjected to the ironing action of the s oe.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the ironingsurface or face of the shoe with indentations or grooves that arearranged to provide venting means and which can be placed upon thesurface of the shoe in a predetermined pattern that will automaticallyact to spread .fabric beneath Vthe shoe or to stretch the same, therebyeliminating wrinkles from the fabric while it is moving beneath theshoe.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination ofvented shoe and padded roll wherein the covering material of the roll isresilient but impervious to moisture absorption so that the entiresteaming of the fabrics within the ironing Contact area shall be takenout of the fabric through the venting means incorporated in this shoe tobe properly dissipated and in a direction away from the operatoreliminating steam vapor from rising towards the operator and thusrendering the ironing operation more comfortable and less tedious.
All other objects and advantages relating to the present inventionlshall hereinafter appear in the following detailed description havingref'- erence to the accompanying drawingsforming a part of thisspecification.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of the ironing face of an ironingshoe Vincorporating the princi- `ples set forth by the presentinvention;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view of the shoe in Fig.
1 on an enlarged scale and designating the various Zones or areas of the'shoe in the language of the functions performed by such variousconsecutive areas of the ironing shoe `of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse cross sectional view through the shoesubstantially as indicated by the line 3 3 in Fig. 1 with the additionof the ironing roll illustrated in ironing combination;
Fig. 4 is a similar transverse cross sectional face of the ironing shoewherein such vents are not continuous but are interruptedas shown.
Referring now to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the preferred construction ofironing shoe comprises the plate I having an ironing surface providedwith suitable narrow saw cuts or grooves 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 'I and 8 whichrun throughout the length of the shoe plate and terminate short of theends thereof to provide smooth ironing edges 9 and lil at the ends ofthe shoe.
As shown in Figs. l and 4, vertical connecting cross ducts or vents areshown at intervals across the length of the shoe. These vents aredivided into certain connecting groups for the purpose of joiningcertain of the grooves that extend across the shoe. A plurality ofsliort vertical vents II, I2 and I3 connect the grooves 2 and 3 atcertain intervals to cause a distribution of the steam generated anddispersed through such vents during the ironing operation. Additionalvertical vents Ill, I5 and i6 connect the cross grooves 4, 5, 6, 'I and8 while each of such vents are connected with suitable dischargeconduits or pipes I'I, i8 and It respectively, these latter conduitsdispensing the vapor or steam generated under the ironing shoe into theatmosphere and to the rear of the entire structure and in a. directionaway from the operator.
The rear surface of the shoe plate i is provided with a cover 20 tightlysecured to this back surface of the shoe to enclose the 'transversevents just described, such cover 20 being best illustrated in Figs. 3and 4. The electrical heating element 2l is mounted directly upon thecover 29 to transmit heat by conduction directly through the cover 2]into the shoe plate I and, of course, directly into the fabric confinedbetween the shoe I and the ironing roll 22 shown in conjunction with theshoe.
In addition to the foregoing transverse vents, it should be noted thatthe cover 20 is provided with the embossed longitudinal duct 23 whichextends between the outer cross vents II and I3 of the shoe as indicatedin Fig. l. It is to be noted that no atmospheric or other discharge ventis provided for the first two venting grooves `2 and 3, and the crossvents Ii, i2 and I6 so that the embossed vent 23 of the cover 20provides a distribution of the moisture and steam of a `greater capacityacross the bac.: of the shoe connecting the various transverse vents H,
I2 and I3.
By using an ironing shoe of the kind described, the ironing roll 22 isof the conventional padded construction but is covered with a resilientmoisture impervious fabric 2Q which protects the padding of the roll 22and also together with the shoe and its venting grooves traps the steamgenerated through the heating of the imo'istcned fabric and makes suchsteam travel in the only possible means of escape which is through theventilated shoe either for redistribution or for dispersion into theatmosphere.
It should be noted that the shoe of the present construction embodiesadditional radiation surface by reason of the grooved face thereofproviding a greater effective surface for the purpose of dissipating andtransferring heat in conjunction with the normal heat dissipatingsurface area on the contact portion of the ironing shoe I.
Various arrangements of venting means provided in the surface or face ofthe shoe may be employed. Referring to Fig. 2, illustrating thepreferred construction of crossventing and moisture dissipation in anironing arrangement as described, this view illustrates the variouszones or areas of the shoe which have been arranged fo carry out certainfunctions during the ironing operation. The vlegends in Fig, 2substantially explain the purposes of the successive areas of theironing contacting portion of the shoe which are substantially selfexplanatory. Obviously, from this view it is seen that the cross grooves2 and 3 having their confined cross venting means and the longitudinalconnecting duct means 23 provide an enclosed means for redistribution ofthe vapor or moisture that comes out of the fabric after the initialheating thereof for the purn Ypose of resoftening certain portions ofthe fabric which may not have had the same moisture content. Immediatelyafter such resoftening operation, a secondary heating zone isencountered followed by the larger drying area and. a final heating Zoneas shown in Fig. 2. This general scheme of ironing and the initialredistribution and transfer of moisture across the entire surface of thefabric is carried out throughout the modifled constructions illustratedas well as the final heating and drying areas.
Fig. 5 depicts a shoe having a diamond shaped arrangement for moistureand steam distribution wherein the individual grooves or surface ventsare disposed at 30 to the horizontal and wherein the terminal points 25of the moisture distribution area 26 are first encountered by the movingfabric so that the diverging grooves have a tendency to straighten outany wrinkles in the fabric. The drying group of vents or grooves 2l alsobegin with the points 28 connecting adjacent grooves which further tendto spread out the fabric as the same passes between the shoe of thisconstruction and the roll 22. Also, all of these cross grooves areinterconnected on the face of the shoe and venting arrangement isprovided to the rear of the shoe for the distribution and dissipation ofthe vaporized moisture from the fabric.
Fig. 6 shows a modified arrangement wherein the various grooves 29 ofthe distribution section and grooves of the drying section are arrangedin a herringbone pattern. The shoe in Fig. 7 merely illustrates the useof 45 arrangement of grooves shown at 3| and 32.
The modified constructions in Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate interruptedventing patterns having no connection longitudinally or vertically onthe face of the shoe but wherein the rear portion of the shoe isrecessed as shown in Fig. 9 at 33 and 34 to provide cross chambers atthe rear of the shoe together with the cover plate 20 for venting theopenings 35 and 36 respectively across the shoe. Suitable duct or ventconnections such as l1 in the preferred construction are then used forventing the chamber 34 to dispense the steam or moisture withdrawn fromthe area occupied by the openings 3B. In Fig. 8, the initial vents areshown at 31 While the drying vents are illustrated at 38.
Thus, with the foregoing description and the structure illustrated inthe drawings, it is seen that the present invention involves a shoehaving certain vents arranged to perform definite functions along theoperative ironing contact area of the shoe adapted for the purpose ofdistributing moisture in fabrics and nally drying and eliminating ordispersing such moisture out of the fabric being ironed, such shoe beingused in combination with a roll having a covering which is impervious tomoisture. This produces a means for more quickly drying a fabric therebyrequiring a smaller drying surface to carry out eifective ironing andflattening operations, and more efficiently than possible withconventional arrangements of ironing shoes and rolls in present day use.
Changes and modifications are contemplated in the exact form,construction, and combination of elements described without departingfrom the breadth and scope of the present invention. Such changestogether with substitution of equivalent mechanisms shall be governed bythe language of the claims appended hereto and directed to the presentinvention.
What I claim is:
l. An ironing shoe comprising a plate having an ironing surface, saidplate having grooves in said surface, and recesses formed in the rearsurface of said plate, a cover for said plate enclosing said recesses,certain of said recesses connecting certain of said grooves fordistributing vapors expelled from moistened fabrics being ironed,certain other recesses connecting other grooves for conducting vaporsaway from said fabrics, and atmospheric vent means connected with saidcertain other recesses to expel such vapors into the air and away fromthe ironing surface of said plate.
2. An ironing shoe comprising a plate having an ironing surface, saidplate having narrow grooves in said surface, and recesses formed in therear surface of said plate, a cover for said plate enclosing saidrecesses, certain of said recesses connecting certain of said groovesfor distributing vapors expelled from moistened fabrics being ironed,certain other recesses connecting other grooves for conducting vaporsaway from said fabrics, and atmospheric vent means connected with saidcertain other recesses to expel such vapors into the air and away fromthe ironing surface of said plate, said cover having a portion thereofformed to provide a larger reservoir channel adapted to connect some ofsaid plate recesses to more quickly distribute vapors longitudinallyalong the rear of said plate for redampening fabrics subjected to theironing action of said plate through said adjacently connected platerecesses.
3. An ironing shoe having a, plurality of longitudinally extendinggrooves in its ironing face, transverse ducts connecting said grooves atspaced points, said grooves being located adjacent the initial ironingportion of said shoe, a cover on the back of said shoe having a, groovefor receiving steam from said grooves and distributing the same oversaid initial ironing portion of said shoe, a plurality of longitudinallyextending grooves below said rst mentioned grooves, transverse ductsconnecting said last mentioned grooves and having exhaust means to theatmosphere.
4. An ironing shoe having an initial ironing portion and e, drying andfinal heating portion upon its front face, said shoe having grooves inits initial ironing portion, a cover on the rear face of the shoe havinga groove for receiving steam from said grooves for distributing the sameover said initial ironing portion of said shoe, said shoe having groovesin its drying portion and ducts connecting said last mentioned grooveswith the atmosphere.
5. An ironing shoe having upon its front face an initial ironing portionand a drying portion,
said shoe having grooves in said initial ironing portion, a cover on therear face of said groove having a groove for receiving steam from saidgrooves and distributing the same over said initial ironing portion ofsaid shoe, and said shoe having grooves in said drying portion withmeans extending through the back of said shoe for exhausting steam fromsaid last mentioned shoes to the atmosphere.
DAVID A. LUN'DY.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Great Britain July 25, 1929
| 2024-03-22 | 1946-04-10 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1950-05-09"
} |
US-51324465-A | Method for removal of gas from molten metal during continuous casting
Aug. 20, 1968 J D. GRICOL 3,397,733
' METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF GAS FROM MOLTEN METAL DURING CONTINUOUS CASTINGFiled Dec. 13, 1965 FIG. 2
Fl 6. l
I IIWIIMI a a z mfig E 2% i-mim-fiimim-nmn United States Patent3,397,733 METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF GAS FROM MGLTEN METAL DURING CONTINUOUSCASTING Joseph D. Gricol, Flat Rock, Mich, assignor, by mesneassignments, to Concast Incorporated, New York, N.Y.,
a corporation of Delaware Filed Dec. 13, 1965, Ser. No. 513,244 1 Claim.(Cl. 1647l) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Vibrations are applied to a slabof cast metal emerging from a continuous-casting mold at a positionalong the slab at which the interior of the slab is still molten. Thefrequency of the vibrations are adjusted to be in resonance with theportion of solidified metal skin around the slab between the position atwhich the vibrations are applied and the point at which the skin isformed in the mold; the amplitude of the vibrations are adjusted toagitate the surface of the molten metal in the mold.
This invention relates to the continuous casting of steel and, moreparticularly, to the continous casting of rimming steel.
In continuous casting of steel, molten steel is poured into are upperend of a mold open at its bottom. The mold is cooled with a liquid, suchas water, circulated in the mold walls. The molten metal in contact withthe mold wall is cooled or chilled and solidifies. This solidified metalforms a skin or sheath around the molten metal.
The cast metal leaves the bottom of the mold in a continuous ribbon orcast. The ultimate length of the continuous cast, of course, dependsupon the amount of molten metal poured into the top, or tundish, of themold. Casts of indefinite length can thus be continuously cast.
The length of the mold employed in continuous casting of steel isrelatively short. As the molten metal moves through the mold the metalin contact with the mold wall is cooled and solidifies. At the pointwhere the cast slab leaves the mold there is only a relatively thin skinor sheath of solid metal at the exterior of the slab. The remainder ofthe metal in the slab is molten and is contained in the slab by the skinof solid metal. As the slab moves away from the bottom of the mold themolten metal continues to cool and solidify, from the exterior of theslab inwardly, increasing the thickness of the skin or sheath until,finally the entire cast slab is solid. The I point where completesolidification of the slab occurs is at a substantial distance below thebottom of the mold, as much as thirty-five feet, or more, from the moldbottom in some operations. As the slab emerges from the mold, the slabis supported by rollers engaging the slab from its opposite sides. Someof these rollers are driven and control the speed of the slab.
The melt for continuous casting of rimming steel is prepared at atemperature of about 2950 to 3060 F. The melt is poured into a ladle andfrom the ladle into the tundish. From the tundish the molten metal isdelivered to the continuous casting mold at a temperature of about 2800to 2875 F.
To obtain the desired rimming action, a regulated amount of uncombinedoxygen is left in the molten metal at the time of pouring in thecontinuous casting of rimming steel. This uncombined oxygen, as themetal solidifies, forms gas in the molten metal. This gas agitates themolten metal, causing the metal to circulate in a pattern. Thiscirculation produces the desired rimming action. It is, of course,desirable that this gas, as it forms in the molten metal, move to thetop of the molten metal ice and escape. Any gas present in the moltenmetal at the time the metal solidifies is trapped and forms undesirablevoids or occlusions in the slab. These voids or occlusions, when theyoccur, result in flaws and defects when the continuously cast slab islater rolled.
A substantial portion of the cooling and solidification of the metal incontinuous casting occurs below the mold as the cast slab moves awayfrom the mold bottom. The uncombined oxygen still in solution in themolten metal is carried along with the molten metal in the slab untilthe molten metal is cooled. Thus, at a point in the cast substantiallydistant from the point Where the molten metal is poured into the mold,gas bubbles are still forming.
One of the objects of the instant invention is to provide an improvedmethod for continuous casting of rimming steel.
A further object is to provide apparatus for carrying out such method.
A further object is to provide such a method and apparatus whereindissolved oxygen which, when it reacts to form a gas, will escape fromthe cast.
Still a further object is to provide continuous castings of rimmingsteel which can be rolled into relatively thin sheets without fiaws ordefects on the surfaces of the sheets.
These and other objects will be more apparent from the followingdescription and attached drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically apparatus of the invention forcontinuously casting steel, viewed from one edge of the slab being cast;and
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but viewed from one side of the slabwith parts of the apparatus omitted.
Many attempts have heretofore been made to apply vibratory forces tocontinuous casting operations. For the most part, these prior attemptshave involved vibration of the mold or the slab after the metal in theslab is solidified. Such prior attempts employed rugged, expensiveequipment, required specially designed molds and had many disadvantages.In addition, they were not effective in removing gas occlusions andvoids in the continuously cast slab.
In the instant invention, vibration is applied to the cast slab while asubstantial portion of the slab is molten. The shell of solid metalaround the molten metal is vibrated so that the tapered walls of solidmetal agitate the molten metal within the slab. The agitation causes thegases to separate from the solidfying surface, move upward through themolten metal in the slab center, and escape. In addition, the vibrationagitates the molten metal in the mold, causes the molten metal to movein a pattern and improves the rimming action.
In carrying out the invention, vibrators are positioned at the oppositeedges of the slab at a point below the mold where the center of the slabis still molten. These vibrators are in contact with the opposite edgesof the slab and impart vibration to the solid metal around the exteriorof the slab. From the point where this vibration force is applied,upward of the slub and into the mold area, the thickness of the solidmetal wall around the molten metal progressively decreases. Thisprogressive decrease in solid metal thickness has been discovered, inthe instant invention, to result in a tuning action. The upwardlyextending arms of solid metal act as tuning forks, or a tuned horn, withthe center filled with liquid molten metal.
The vibration input, at the point where the vibratory force is appliedto the slab, is relatively low. However, the progressive decrease inthickness of the solid metal from the input point to the point where themolten metal is initially cooled and the skin or shell of solid metalbegins to form, results in an increase in vibration amplitude from thepoint of input to the point in the mold where the walls of solid metalinitially form. This increase in amplitude correspondingly increases theagitation of the molten metal. Thus, gas bubbles are released from thesolidifying surface and move upwardly through the molten metal to escapeinto the atmosphere.
Referring now to the attached drawings where the apparatus of theinstant invention is schematically illustrated on a conventionalcontinuous steel casting machine, the apparatus includes tundish 2, openat its top and having a nozzle 4 at its bottom. A mold 6 is disposedbelow tundish 2, in position to receive molten metal from nozzle 4. Mold6 is reciprocated, in conventional manner, parallel to the direction ofmovement of the cast slab by conventional means not shown. In itsdownward travel, mold 6 is driven at a speed slightly faster than thatof the cast being continuously formed and is moved upward at a higherspeed, all in accordance with conventional continuous casting of steelprocedures.
Mold 6 is open at its top and bottom. Vertical beams 8, 10 are disposedin parallel position below the open bottom of mold 6. Each beam 8, 10 isprovided with a plurality of rollers 12, the rollers being relativelyclosely spaced vertically along the beams on the facing sides of beams8, 10.
Vibrator 14 is mounted on support 16 intermediate beams 8, 10. A shoe 18having, at its opposite vertical ends, outwardly turned portions 20, 22,is connected to, and driven by, vibrator 14. Preferably, two vibratorsare employed, one at either edge of the cast slab.
In operation, molten metal is poured from a source, not shown, into theupper open end of tundish 2. The molten metal flows through nozzle 4into the open upper end of mold 6. The flow of metal through nozzle 4 isregulated, in known manner, to maintain the level of molten metal in themold cavity at the required height.
Liquid, such as water, is circulated in the walls of mold 6 to cool thewalls. As the molten metal passes through mold 6, the metal in contactwith the walls is cooled and the metal solidifies, forming a shell orsheath of solid metal around the molten metal in the center of the moldcavity. Thus, while in the mold cavity, solid metal b commences to formas a shell or sheath around molten metal a.
When the cast slab emerges from the bottom of the mold 6, the shell orsheath of solid metal b is relatively thin. As the slab moves away fromthe bottom of mold 6, cooling continues. This cooling may besupplemented by spraying a liquid, such as water, against the slab asthe continuously forming slab travels away from the bottom of mold 6.Cooling progresses from the exterior of the slab inwardly. Additionalmolten metal a solidifies on the interior of the shell or sheath ofsolid metal b, thickening the shell or sheath of solid metal until,finally, at a substantial distance below the mold, all of the metal inthe cast is solidified.
The cast, as it emerges from the mold, comes into contact with rollers12 carried on beams 8, 10. Rollers 12 maintain the slab in alignment andsupport the slab during cooling. These rollers may be idle rollers ormay be driven. Preferably, some of the rollers are idle and others aredriven. The drive on the driven rollers regulates the speed at which thecontinuous cast is formed.
Vibrators 14, through shoes 18, vibrate the cast, from its oppositeedges, in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 2. The vibrators arelocated on the apparatus below the mold bottom where the wall of solidmetal in the cast is relatively thick but the center portion of the castslab is of molten metal. The vibratory force applied to the cast,through the solid metal b, agitates the molten metal a in the cast andcauses gas bubbles, as they form on solidification of the metal, toseparate from the solidifying surface and move upwardly through themolten metal in a direction opposite to the travel of the continuouscast.
The vibration input may be tuned to the resonant frequency of the solidmetal b in the walls of the solid metal shell above the vibrators. Theamplitude and frequency required for resonance will, of course, varywith the size of the cast, the amount of cooling and the like, but canbe readily determined by observing the activity of the molten metal inthe mold. The amplitude and frequency of the vibrators are adjusted tobring the surface of the molten metal in the mold to the desiredagitation. The amplitude of vibration of the solid metal shell increasesfrom the point of vibration input as the thickness of the solid metaldecreases. Thus the agitation imparted to molten metal a by vibration ofsolid metal b increases from the vibration input point upwardly into themold cavity. By regulating the vibration input, agitation of the moltenmetal in the mold can be controlled. This control of the agitationpermits the molten metal to form a rim of solid metal around theexterior of the continuously cast slab and facilitate the movement ofimpurities away from the surfaces of the slab in addition to decreasingvoids and occlusions near the slab surfaces.
The capacity of the vibrator will, of course, depend on the size of thesteel slab to be continuously cast and, preferably, should be of a typethat can be regulated. An air-powered vibrator having a capacity of100,000 pounds thrust and frequency up to 3,000 cycles/min. has beenfound particularly suited for the production of continuously castrimming steel slabs having a thickness of ten inches and a width offifty-two inches.
The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms ofdescription and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the useof such terms and expressions, of excluding any equivalents of thefeatures shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognizedthat various modifications are possible within the scope of theinvention claimed.
What is claimed is:
1. In a method for continuously casting a slab of rimming steel whereinmolten steel is poured in one end of an open-ended continuous-castingmold that is cooled to form a shell of solidified metal around the metaltherein, a continuous slab of the metal having a solidified shell and astill molten interior is withdrawn from the other end of the mold, andthe slab issuing from the mold is thereafter continuously cooled tosolidify the slab all the way through, the improvement comprising:removing gas from the molten metal in said slab by applying a vibratoryforce directly to the side of the slab after it emerges from the moldand at a position along the slab at which the interior of the slab isstill molten with said molten interior extending up into the moltenmetal in the mold; adjusting the frequency of the vibratory force toapply it at the resonant frequency of the skin of solidified metal whichis between said location and the point of formation of the skin in themold; and adjusting the amplitude of the vibratory force to a levelsufiicient to agitate the surface of the molten metal in the mold.
References Cited J. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Primary Examiner.
R. S. ANNEAR, Assistant Examiner.
| 2024-03-22 | 1965-12-13 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1968-08-20"
} |
US-70416946-A | Visor
Patented Jan. 13, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE VISOR Lawrence B;Weymouth, Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich assignor to Briggs Manufacturingcompany, Detroih Mich a corporation of Michigan Appl ca ion. Octo er 18,946;..Ser al N 704 169 7 Claims. 1.
This invention relates; to g-lare shields or sun visors adapted to bemounted on. the interior of automobile or. other vehicle bodies abovethe Windshields thereof for the. purpose of shielding the front seatdriver or passenger from. the glare of the sun. The inventionparticularly relates to glare shields or sun visors in which the shieldproper is adapted to be. swung in a vertical directionvupon a supportingshaft. and? is preferably formed by pressing. or molding operations orthe like. from plastic. or composition material.
An object of the i'nventionis to providev a glare shield device in.which the. shield proper is mounted in improved manner upon a supportingshaft or rod to turn thereon while at the same time being frictionallyheld on the; shaft in any anew larly adjusted position.
A further object of. the invention is to provide aglare.shieldistructurein which the shield proper is formed of plastic.or composition material and is rotatably heldon asupporting shaft bymeans of an arcuate bearing portion along the edge. of the shield and a,split tubular spring embracing said bearing portion and the shaftandhaving a bearing upon a portion of the latter.
Still another object is to provide a shield device in which the shaftbearing portion. along the edge of the shield proper may be molded,pressed or formed between. dies, such bearing portion extending in anare soasto have uniform frictional engagement with a, portion of the.shaft and being yieldingly held on the shaft by a, longitudinally splittubular spring embracing said tubular portion and the shaft.
Other objects of this invention will appear in the following descriptionand appended claims, reference being had to. the. accompanying drawingsforming a part. of this, specification, wherein like referencecharacters designate corresponding parts in the several views.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, illustrating a glareshield or sun visor constructed in accordance, with one embodiment ofthe present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged end view taken substantially through lines 2-2 of1 looking in the direction of the arrows.
Fig. 3. isan enlarged. section. taken substantial- 1y through lines 3+3;of. Fig. 1 looking inthe. direction of the arrows.
Fig. 4. is an enlarged section. taken substantially through lines 4-4 ofFig. 1 looking in the direction. o the. arrow Figs. 5,5 and 6. are;views similar, respectively, to. Figs. 3 and 4 but illustrating slightmodifications.
Before explaining in detail the present inventionit is t be understoodthat the invention is not limitedv in its application to the details ofconstruction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and ofbeing practiced or carried out in various ways. Also it. is to beunderstood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is forthe purpose of description and not of limitation.
Referring to the drawings wherein I have illustrated, by way of example,certain embodiments of the. present invention, the glare shield properis indicated at H] and is formed of suitable material to the desireddimensions in order adequately to shield the front seat driver orpassenger from the glare of the sun during operation of the vehicle. Theshield I0 is preferably pressed or molded from composition or plasticmaterial between cooperating male, and. female die or mold members andduring this operation is formed along the length of its upper edge witha longitudinally extending arcuate bearing portion II. In pressing ormolding the bearing portion I I between suitable die or mold members Iprefer to offset this bearing portion laterally so that the plane of theshield 19 will pass substantially through the center of curvature of thearcuate bearing portion N. This bearing portion should extend in an aresuch as to. permit separation of the; forming die or mold members.Ordinarily this are would not exceed However, due to the naturalspring-back of some types of plastic material this are in some instancesmay extend up to 225.
The arcuate bearing portion. 1 i. along theupper edge. of the shield I!)has uniform engagement with a portion of the outer annular surface of asupporting shaft-or rod 12 which, in. the present instance, is of alength substantially less than the-length of the shield Hi and itsbearing portion I I; The shield is clamped tov the supporting shaft orrod !2 by means of a longitudinally split tubular spring l3 whichextends substantially the full length of the shield and embraces boththe bearing portion H and they shaft 12. In assembling the clampingspring [3 on the shield and shaft 42 the spring may be expanded andsnapped over the hearing portion l I and shaft or may be expandedsufficiently to permit it to be slid lengthwise over the ends of thebearing portion and shaft. so. as to occupy the position shown in thedrawing. The gage of the metal forming the tubular spring I3 is selectedso that the spring will have suffici'ent tension, when assembled, tohold the bearing portion H firmly in engagement with the shaft l2. Whenthe spring clamping member I3 has been installed the edges l3a and I3!)will be separated a distance, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, toprovide a longitudinal slot through which the shield l extends.
It will be noted that the arcuate bearing portion ll of the shield hasfrictional engagement with a portion of the annular surface of the shaftI2 at one side thereof while the tubular clamping spring [3 hasfrictional engagement with the shaft at the opposite side thereof, andin the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive a space 14remains between the shaft en gaging portions of the shield and clampingmember within which no engagement of the shaft occurs. It will beapparent from the foregoing construction that the shield IE! may beturned in a vertical direction on and relatively to the shaft l2 so asto adjust the angular position of the shield, and due to the yieldingfrictional engagement of the bearing portion H and clamping spring l3the shield will be held in any of its ad justed positions.
In accordance with the present embodiments of the invention the shieldhl is adjustable longitudinally with respect to the shaft 12, this beingaccomplished by sliding the shield on the shaft between predeterminedlimits, such as those illustrated in full and dotted lines in Fig. 1.The limits of longitudinal adjustment of the shield on the shaft may bedetermined by providing the shaft [2 with a turndown or reduced portionl2?) in its length and providing the clamping spring 13 with a suitablestop shiftable along the reduced portion of the shaft between theshoulders formed at opposite ends of this reduced portion. In thepresent instance the stop member on the clamping spring comprises aninwardly projecting lug or tongue (9 lanced out of the metal thereof andadapted to ride within and along the reduced portion 12b of the shaft.Engagement of this stop is with one or the other of the shoulders at theend of the reduced shaft portion 12b will limit the longitudinaladjustment of the shield upon the shaft.
The outer end of the tubular clamping spring 13 may be suitably closedas by means of a headed stud 28 having a threaded shank screwed into atapped hole in the end of the shaft 12. The inner end of the shaft issupported in any suitable manner so as to permit the shield to be swungin a horizontal direction. In the present instance the inner end of theshaft terminates in a vertical crank portion I20: having a frictionalhearing within a hollow boss 15 formed on a bracket plate It adapted tobe secured by means of screws H to the windshield header I8 of thevehicle. It will be understood that any suitable friction bearing meansmay be provided for supporting the inner end of the shaft l2 so as toenable it to be adjusted angularly in a horizontal direction and, ifdesired, the shaft may be supported in the manner illustrated inapplication Serial No. 623,621.
The modified construction illustrated in Figs. and 6 is the same as theconstruction above described with the exception that the bearing portionH of the shield ii] is extended a somewhat greater distance around theshaft l2, the outer edge of the bearing portion having a taperedextension Ha which fills the major portion of the space It shown inFigs. 5 and 6. A
notch is formed in the extension Ila to receive the lug or stop memberI9, thus providing an interlocking connection between the clampingspring [3 and the shield bearing portion H, preventing any possibilityof relative longitudinal movement thereof.
I claim:
1. A glare shield structure for a vehicle body comprising a supportingrod having a longitudinal portion round in cross-section, a glare shieldhaving its upper edge portion laterally offset and arcuately formed incross-section to fit partly around said longitudinal portion of the rod,and a longitudinally split tubular clamping member enclosing said rodand arcuately formed portion and effective to exert yielding pressurethereon to hold said arcuately formed portion of the shield infrictional engagement with the rod while permitting the shield to beswung about the axis thereof.
2. A glare shield structure for a vehicle body comprising a supportingrod having a longitudinal portion round in cross-section, a glare shieldhaving its upper edge portion laterally offset and arcuately formed incross-section to fit partly around said longitudinal portion of the rod,and a longitudinally split tubular clamping member enclosing said rodand arcuately formed portion and effective to exert yielding pressurethereon to hold said arcuately formed portion of the shield infrictional engagement with the rod while permitting the shield to beswung about the axis thereof, the edges of said clamping member beingseparated to lie at opposite sides of the shield.
3. A glare shield structure for a vehicle body comprising a supportingrod annular in crosssection, a glare shield having its upper edgeportion arcuately formed in cross-section to receive one side of saidrod in uniform engagement therewith, a longitudinally split springmember embracing the rod for clamping said shield portion to the rod andhaving a portion frictionally engaging the opposite side of the rod,said shield and spring member being turnable on the rod and alsoslidable longitudinally thereof.
4. A glare shield structure for a vehicle body comprising a supportingrod annular in crosssection, a glare shield having its upper edgeportion arcuately formed in cross-section to receive one side of saidrod in uniform engagement therewith, a longitudinally split springmember embracing the rod for clamping said shield portion to the rod andhaving a portion frictionally engaging the opposite side of the rod,said shield and spring member being turnable on the rod and the shieldextending downwardly between and free of the separated edges of saidspring member.
5. A glare shield structure for a vehicle body comprising a supportingrod annular in crosssection, a glare shield having its upper edgeportion offset laterally of the plane of the shield and arcuately formedin cross-section to receive one side of said rod in uniform engagementtherewith, a, longitudinally split spring member embracing the rod forclamping said shield portion to the rod and having a portionfrictionally engaging the opposite side of the rod, said shield andspring member being turnable on the rod and the shield extendingdownwardly between and free of the separated edges of said springmember.
6. In a mounting for an adjustable member having an arcuate portion, asupporting rod having a circumferential portion engaging said arcuateportion, and longitudinally split tubular 2,625,426 5 6 spring meansengaging said rod and arcuate por- REFERENCES CITED tion for yieldablyholding the same in their afore- The following references are of recordin the said engaged relation. file of this patent:
7. In a mounting for an adjustable member having a longitudinallyextending arcuate por- 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS tion, a supporting rodhaving 9, circumferential u ber Name Date portion adjustably engagedwith said arcuate 57,263 Winter Aug. 14, 1866 portion, and meansyieidingly maintaining said 1,288,153 Otte Dec. 17, 1918 adjustableengagement including longitudinally 1,862,432 Rose June 7, 1932 splittubular spring means embracing said mem- 10 2,496,129 Moore Jan. 31',1950 her and frictionally engaging said rod. FOREIGN PATENTS LAWRENCE B.WEYMOUTH. umber Country Date 342,538 Great Britain Feb. 5, 1931 15629,630 France Aug. 1, 1927
| 2024-03-22 | 1946-10-18 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1953-01-13"
} |
US-28812052-A | Holding and positioning tool for installing building eave gutters
Aug. 24, 1954 N. L. LE ROY HOLDING AND POSITIONING TOOL FOR INSTALLINGBUILDING EAVE GUTTERS Filed May 16, 1952 INVENTOR. NORMAN L. LE ROY BYDES JARDINS, ROBINSON &
KEISER Hl's ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 24, 1954 OFFICE HOLDING ANDPOSITIONING TOOL FOR INSTALLING BUILDING EAVE GUTTERS Norman L. Le Roy,Cincinnati, Ohio Application May 16, 1952, Serial No. 288,120
- 3 Claims. 1
This invention relates to holding and positioning tools for installingbuilding eave gutters, and it particularly pertains to a plurality ofholding tools which are temporarily attached to a building below thecave in position to receive and hold an eave gutter, each of saidholding tools having vertically adjustable means for positioning thegutter to the proper level to be conventionally secured to the buildingin adjusted position, after which the temporary holding tools areremoved for reuse.
Eave gutters, made of sheet metal or other materials, areusuallyrelatively long, but whether in long or short lengths, twoworkmen are required to mount them, they needing to be supported attheir opposite ends. least some makeshift temporary means is necessaryto hold them in place for being accurately aligned so that there will besome downward slope toward the drain spoutfor causing the collected roofwater to drain oii and not be retained in the gutter. All toofrequently, the workmen do not bother with even a make shift temporaryholding means for aligning the gutters, and, consequently, they are notaligned for proper drainage.
Accordingly, one of the principal objects of my invention is inatemporary holding tool and aligning means that can be used by a singleworkman without the need of a helper.
Another object of the invention is in a temporary holding tool whichfacilitates proper alignment of the gutters.
Still another object of the invention is in a temporary holding toolthat is light in weight, easy to carry and handle, and may be repeatedlyused.
Further objects, and objects relating to details of construction andeconomies of operation, will readily appear from the detaileddescription to follow. In one instance, I have accomplished the objectsof my invention by the tool device and means set forth in the followingspecification. My invention is clearly defined and pointed out in theappended claims. ture constituting a preferred embodiment of myinvention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthe specification, in which:
Fig. l is a perspective view of a portion of a building eave showing theeave gutter held in place by tool devices embodying my invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation View of one of the temporary holders andpositioning tool devices.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one of the temporary holders andpositioning tool devices.
A struc- Even then, at
The invention, generally described, comprises a U-shaped metal strap,conforming generally to the cross section of a conventional eave gutter.The gutters are of conventional shape, but may be made somewhat largeror smaller. Any adjustment necessary in the straps for the gutters tofit therein can be effected merely by slightly bending one or both ofthe vertical arms or sides of the U-shaped support. One arm or side ofthe strap is adapted to be nailed against the side of the. building,just below the eave, in position for the cave gutter to be fittedtherein between the arms of the strap with its open side uppermost. Inthe bottom of the strap is a vertically adjustable means on which thebottom of the cave gutter is adapted to rest or seat, this verticallyadjustable means being of any desired construction.
A plurality of these holding tools are secured to the building inlongitudinally spaced apart relation, there being preferably at leastthree for adequate support of the gutter without sagging between itsopposite ends. There should be one support adjacent each end of the cavegutter, and at least one at some intermediate point. Accordingly, eitherend of the gutter or the intermediate portion thereof can beindependently raised or lowered to, the desired elevation for beingconventionally secured to the eave. The adjustment of the gutter can beeffected by a screw threaded to the bottom of the holding tool with oneend having a carrying means for seating it against the bottom of thegutter and the other end provided with an operating tool, such as acrank, or means for cooperating with an operating tool.
Referring specifically to the drawings in which like numerals designatelike parts, numeral 2 is a conventional eave gutter that is to befastened to the eave of the building 3 below an overhanging startingcourse of shingles or other roof covering.
At spaced intervals along a portion of the building below the eave anumber of temporary supports, designated generally by numeral i, aresecured by the roof nails which can be first partially driven into placefor the holding tools to be hooked thereon by means of a slot 6 openingin from one edge of arm 1 near its top end. The holding tool is formedfrom a metal strap bent into arms 1 and 8 extending vertically atopposite ends of bottom 9 to form a socket of the general cross sectionand configuration of the gutter which is to be seated in the socket ofthe tool with said socket side uppermost.
. A vertically adjustable means is mounted in.
3 the bottom 9 of the tool support, this being in the form of a screw Itwhich is threaded through the recess II in said bottom 9. The recess maybe elongated beyond the normal thickness of the bottom of the toolsupport by a sleeve or thickened portion 2 at this point.
The bottom end of the screw may be operated by any tool, preferably by acrank 13, fitted thereto, and its upperiend' has a washer or thimble Mfor contacting directly with the bottom of the cave gutter or a falsebottom l5, also mounted on the bottom of the tool support, said. falsebottom being in the form of a plate having one end it closely adjacentthe arm 1 and its opposite end being upturnedinto flange l'i. Theplateisof a length which is about the width of the bottom of the gutter. A pairof guide pins-l8 are fixed to the underside of the plate and'slidablyengaged with the bottom of the support by projecting through recesses 19therein and through the sleeves "29 provided on thebottom side of thesupport. Theplurality of pins cause the plate to be raised and loweredwithout binding. A screw cap 2i is fitted to each end of the guides forholding the false bottom assembled to the tool support.
From the foregoing description, it will readily appear that withthevertically adjustable means in each of the holding tools, the cavegutter may be properly aligned and positioned to be converh tionallyfastened to'the building by permanent fastening means. After the cavegutter has been fastened to the building the temporary holding tools canbe easily removed either by withdrawing the holding nail or simplyknocking the tools 01? of the nails.
I am aware there may be various changes in details of constructionwithout departing from the spirit of my invention, and, therefore, Iclaim my invention broadly as indicated by the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and useful anddesire to secure by U. S. Letters Patent, is:
1. An eave gutter installing device which is adapted to be temporarilyconnected to a building in position for the eave gutter to be installedin place comprising a bracket having a base between two upwardlyextending arms, one of which arms is adapted to extend into a spacebetween the building and the cave gutter and is free of any sideprojections, next adjacent said building and cave gutter, to permits'aidbracket arm being readily retracted from the said space after the cavegutter is permanently secured in place,
and a recess formed in from the marginal edge of said arm to providehook means confined in that area of said arm that is in the spacebetween the building and the cave gutter.
'2. An eave gutter installing device which is adapted to be temporarilyconnected to a building in posiion for the gutter to be installedcomprising a bracket havinga base between two upwardly extending arms,one of which arms h as its opposite faces next adjacent the building andthe gutter, in a vertical, plane throughout its entire height in orderto be entirely confined in the area of the space between the buildingand the gutter when said gutter is installed, and a recess formed infrom one marginal edge of the arm to provide a hook within the confinesof the space between the building and the gutter, thereby permitting thearm being readily retracted from said space afterthe gutter ispermanently secured in position.
3. An cave gutter installing device as set forth in claim 2 having afalse bottom vertically adjustable on the base of the bracket.
References Cited'in the file of thispatent UNITED STATES PATENTS I Date
| 2024-03-22 | 1952-05-16 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1954-08-24"
} |
US-48805D-A | Improvement in steam-boilers
UNITED STATES HENRY GERNER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-BOILERYS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 48,805, dated July 18,1865.
To all whom 'it may concern:
Be it known that I, HENRY GERNER, of No. 20 Bleeker street, of the city,county, and State of New York, have invented a new and ImprovedSteam-Boiler; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear,and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled inthe art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part ot this speciteution, in whieh- Figure lrepresents a longitudinal vertical section of this invention. Fig. 2 isa transverse vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a partial plan ortop view ofthe same.
Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.
This invention consists in arranging the steam dome or reservoir of asteam-boiler in the interior of its shell and of the water-space in sucha manner that the shell of the boiler eanbe filled up with water nearlyto the top, and the fire made to strike the same round its entirecircumference; and, furthermore, the steam-reservoir of the boiler issurrounded by the heated water, and the radiation of heat from the sameand the condensation and loss of steam consequent upon such radiationare avoided.
A represents a steam-boiler, made of sheetiron or any other suitablematerial in the usual form and manner.
In the drawings a plain cylinder-boiler is represented; but my inventionis applicable to flue or marine boilers and to tubular or locomotiveboilers with the same advantage as to a plain cylinder-boiler.
The steam space or reservoir B of my boiler, instead of being placed ontop of the boiler or above the water-s pace thereof, is placed in theinterior of the same, as clearly shown in the drawings, and when theboiler is tilled with water to its proper level said steam-reservoir iscompletely immersed in and surrounded by the water.
In a plain cylinder-boiler the reservoir B can be made round, as shown,but in tubular or Hue boilers it must be made at, or in any otherconvenient formv or shape to accomlnodate itself to the space in theinterior ot' the boiler above or between the ues. Said reservoir issuspended from the top of the boiler A by means of braces a, and a tube,b, extends from the same up in the dome c, so that the steam rising fromthe water in the boiler can find access to the interior of thesteam-reservoir. rIhe dome c is closed steam-tight, anda pipe, d, passesfrom the interior of the reservoir B through the top of said dome toconvey the steam to the engine or other place where it is to oe used. Bythis arrangement the steam-reservoir is completely surrounded by theheated body of water in the boiler, and all radiation of heat from theoutside surface ofthe steam-reservoir is avoided. The steam remains dryand free from condensation; and, further more, the boiler A can befilled with water nearly to its top, and the fire can be made to strikeits sides nearly all round, so that a larger heating-surfaceis obtainedthan in boilers of the ordinary construction, the upper portion ot'which is occupied by steam and can not be exposed to the direct actionof the tire.
I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- The combinationand arrangement of' the cylindrical steam-reservoir B, located withinthe boiler A, the tube b, and eduction steampipe d., substantially iuthe manner aud for the objects specified.
HENRY GERNER.
Vitnesses:
C. L. TOPLIEF, I. M. COVINGTON.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1865-07-18"
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US-2021015-A | Lubricator.
C. S. BARNARD.
LUBRICATOR. APPLICATION r1120 APR-9,1915.
rm: COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH cu., WASHINGTON, D. c.
Patented Jan. 18, 1916.
UNITED snares reactant oration.
cris s-Les seminal), or. enrnenroa'r,
NEGTICUT.
oorrnncrronr, assreivon r0 rnn .BURKsE: session COMPANY, or enrnenroar,connncrrcur, a ooarona'rrou or con-a LUBmcA'ron.
Patented Jan 18, 1916,
Application filed April 9, 1915. serial No. 20,210.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CHARLES S. BARNARD, a. citizen of the United States,residing at the clty of Bridgeport, county of Fairfield, State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inLubricators; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements inlubricators, and the primary object of the invention is to provide alubricator which has novel means incorporated therein whereby the devicemay be supplied with oil from or at its top and may be applied inposition by means of a screw driver from said top without interferencefrom a movable closure that normally closes the lubricant inlet.
A further object of the invention is to provide improved means forsecuring the closure in position and for limiting movement of thelatter.
In the drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2 is a section onthe line 2-2 of Fig. 8; Fig. 3 is a top plan view; Fig. i is a similarview showing the closure in open position; and Fig. 5 is a section onthe line 5-5 of Fig. 1.
Ihe lubricator is composed of a hollow body 1 threaded at its lower endat 2. The body is preferably of cylindrical form and has an integral top3 in which is formed a screw driver receiving slot 4. Arranged to oneside of the slot 4 is an inlet 5 of a size adapted to receive the spoutof an oil can whereby oil may be fed into the lubricator body from thetop of the latter. The body 1 below the top thereof is formed with anarcuate slot 6 providing shoulders 7 and S in which slot is received anarcuate lip 9 formed on the annular skirt or flange 10 of the segmentalcover or closure 11. The flange or skirt 10 is knurled or otherwiseroughened at 12 so as to provide a finger gripping surface to enable theclosure to be easily rotated to open and closed positions. The ends ofthe lip 9 form stops 13 and 14 which are engageable with the stops 7 and8 respectively, whereby it will be seen that whenthe stops 8 and 14:engage, the chord of the segmentaltop 11 registers with and completelyexposes thescrew-driver slot 1 as shown in Fig. 3, and when the stops 7and 13 engage the chord of the segment traverses slot 1 and uncovers thefilling inlet 5, as depicted in Fig. i of the drawings. Thus the presentinvention entirely dispenses with the necessity of an inlet in the sideof the lubricator body and enables said inlet to be placed in the top ofthe body,
which latter location is obviously more convenient and accessible and isthe most natural way of introducing lubricant into the body.
What is claimed is:
1. In a lubricator, a body having a threaded open end and having a topon its opposite end provided with a lubricant inlet, said top having ascrew-driver receiving slot to one side of the inlet and said bodyhaving an arcuate groove the ends of which form stops, and a cap on thebody having a segmental top and a flange which rotates over the body,the free edge of the flange having an arcuate lip which projects intothe groove, the ends of said lip forming stops which coact' with thefirst named stops whereby the cap when engaged with one of the firstnamed stops uncovers the inlet and when engaged with the other of thefirst named stops the chord of the segment alines with said screw-driverreceiving slot.
2. In a lubricator, a hollow body having a top with a lubricant inlettherein and having its opposite end threaded, said top having ascrew-driver receiving slot therein, and a cap rotatable on the body andhaving a segmental top the chord of which in one position of the capalines with said slot and in a second position uncovers the inlet. 3.1alubricator composed of a hollow body having a top with an inlet in thelatter and having screw threads on its bottom end, said top having atool receiving slot therein, and a closure for the top having asegmental top which in one position covers the inlet and in a secondposition the chord of the closure top registers with the slot.
4. A lubricator composed of a hollow body having a top provided with aslot and an inlet and having screw threads on its bottom end, and aclosure for the top having a cutaway part enabling same to completelyexpose the slot in one position and to cover the inlet in a secondposition.
5. A lubricator composed of a hollow body having a top provided with aslot and an inlet and having'screw threads on In testimony whereofI-aflix my signature its bottom end, and a closure for the top, inpresence of two Witnesses.
- said closure beingrot atable on' the top so CHARLES S. 'BARNARD; as tocover the inlet in one position and. to' Witnesses: I 5 completelyexpose the slot in a second posi- JOHN'E. MULLER,
- tion; IvLB. MORRILL.
I Copies of this etent may be obtained for five cents eech, Byaddressing the Commissioner of latents,
' WashingtomD. c.
| 2024-03-22 | 1915-04-09 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1916-01-18"
} |
US-52802866-A | Pneumatic seat
July 11, 1967 H. WHITESIDE PNEUMATI G S EAT 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb.14, 1966 R MN m n w [R N Hm H R m w v Hm n m 3,330,598 PNEUMATIC SEATGeorge Harold Whiteside, RR. 11, Box 648, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 FiledFeb. 14, 1966, Ser. No. 528,028 6 Claims. (Cl. 297-284) ABSTRACT OF THEDISCLOSURE A seat having pneumatic components, with control valving, forselective pressurization of the parts to provide seat adjustmentvariations of seat-height, seat adjustment fore-and-aft, and seat-tilt,and combinations of those adjustments.
This invention relates to seats, particularly for a vehicle; andconcepts of the invention provide a seat having economical pneumaticcomponents, actuatable at the will of the user, by which variations ofseat-adjustment may be readily adjusted, as for height and tilt.
By concepts of the invention, accordingly, considerable variations ofsuch seat-adjustment are attainable, without complex multi-position seatmechanisms.
In carrying out the invention in the illustrated embodiment, there areprovided a plurality of pneumaticallyoperative flexible compartmentsfitted into the seat-portion and into the back-portion of a seat.Valving, which is accessible to the occupant, is provided to control thepressure in each individual compartment, to selectively obtain theparticular desired overall pattern of support which provides in effectthe desired support of the occupant in the position of height andposture the occupant desires. The variation in the patterns of supportwhich are attainable gives a seat-adjustment effect.
The description so far given is of an introductory nature; and the aboveand other features, objects, concepts, and advantages of the presentinvention are more fully set forth in the following detailed descriptionof an illustrative embodiment, reference being had to the accompanyingsomewhat diagrammatic and schematic drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a vehicle seatembodying adjustable pneumatic compartmentation and associated valvingand pneumatic system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a seat in one position ofadjustment; and FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 are similar schematic representationsof a seat in various other positions of adjustment, the adjustmentsillustrated in FIGS. 2 through 5 being expiained in the accompanyingdescription which follows;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a valve mechanism shown in FIG. 1,the cover plate having been removed; 8 FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional viewof the valve mechanism, the view being taken generally as indicated byviewline 7-7 of FIG. 6; and
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the valve mechanism, the view beingtaken generally as indicated by View line 88 of FIG. 6.
As shown in the drawings, the invention is shown in conjunction with avehicle seat 10 having a seat-portion '12 and a back-portion 14 coveredsuitably by facing upholstery 16 as desired.
In accordance with concepts of the invention, the seatportion 12 andback-portion 14 of the seat 10 are provided with flexible pneumaticcompartments, the seatportion 12 being shown with a forward and arearward pneumatic compartment 18 and 20, and the back-portion 14 beingshown with a lower and an upper pneumatic compartment 22 and 24.Although the pneumatic com- United States Patent 0 3,330,598 PatentedJuly 11, 1967 partments are shown interiorly of the seat 10, havingreference to the layer of upholstery 16 shown, it will be understoodthat the upholstery 16 and any padding or other material under theupholstery will be sufficiently flexible so as to enable the pneumaticpressure in the various compartments to exert supporting pressure uponthe seat occupant, as is to be described and illustrated below.
Pneumatic lines. 18a, 20a, 22a, and 24a, are shown leading to thecompartments 18, 20, 22, and 24, each line being identified by areference numeral corresponding to that of the compartment to which itleads, but followed by the suffix a. The pneumatic lines lead from avalving mechanism 26 (details of which are explained below). The valvingmechanism 26 is supplied through a pneumatic line 28 from an associatedpneumatic supply 30 (which may be a pump or compression chamber carriedby the vehicle, as desired), and the valving mechanism 26 is providedwith a pressure-relief line 32 shown as a vent line leading exteriorlyof the vehicle indiated at 34.
Seat-adjustment effects are illustrated in FIGS. 2 through 5, wherein anoccupant 36 is indicated as seated on the seat 10. As illustrative ofone adjustment, a comparison of FIGS. 2 and 3 indicates aheight-adjustment attainable by selected variation in both compartments18 and 20, FIG. 3 indicating a greater pressure having been applied tothose compartments than in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 illustrates another adjustment, wherein a rearwardposture-support is attained by relatively high pressurization ofcompartments 18 and 22 in comparison to that of compartments 20 and 24.
FIG. 5, conversely, illustrates a forward posture-support by relativelyhigh pressurization of compartments 2i) and 24 in comparison to that ofcompartments 18 and 22.
Adjacent compartments are shown as having an overlapping relationship,as indicated at 38; and this lessens an abrupt change of support-effector humping even though each of the adjacent compartments is individuallycontrolled by the pressure-control means 26.
The valving mechanism 26 shown in FIG. 1 is shown in greater detail inFIGS. 6 through 8. As there shown, it comprises a body member 40, formedto provide a pressure duct 42 and a relief duct 44. A passage 46 leadsfrom pressure duct 42 to the pressure line 28; and a passage 48 leadsfrom relief duct 44 to vent line 32.
The body member 40 is also provided with through passages 18b, 26b, 22b,and 24b, each identified by a reference numeral corresponding to that ofthe compartment and the compartment communicating line to which itleads, but followed by the sufi'ix b. The passages 18b, 20b, 22b, and24b are longitudinally spaced.
Each of the pressure duct 42 and relief duct 44 is provided with a setof passages, respectively identified as 50 and 52, which open onto theface of the body member 40, one of the passages 50 and one of thepassages 52 being shown in vertical alignment with one of the passageshaving the suffix b but on opposite sides thereof.
Adjustable valve members 180, 20c, 22c, and 24c, each havingrespectively a communicating passage 18d, 20d, 22a, and 24d, and eachhaving a control handle 54, are provided for each compartment andcompartment passage to which the reference numeral corresponds. Thevalve members 180, 20c, 22c, and 24c are shown guided for verticalmovement by guides 56 carried on a cover plate 58.
Springs 60 are shown vertically acting both upwardly and downwardly oneach of the valve members 180, 20c, 22c, and 240, normally biasing eachof those valve members to a central or neutral position (FIG. 7) inwhich the communicating passage (shown in FIG. 7 as 24d, the valvemember in FIG. 7 being 24c) is not in communication with either thepressure passage 50 or the relief passage 52.
Movability of the valve member (illustrated in FIG. 7 as 24c), againstthe bias of springs 60, upwardly or downwardly as desired, will be seen,respectively, to move its communicating passage (24d) to selectivelycommunicate the compartment-communicating passage (24b) with thepressure-passage 50 or with the relief-passage 52, respectively applyingpressure to the associated compartment (24) or relieving pressuretherein. (FIG. 7 illustrates this control for valve-member 24c andcompartment 24; but it will be understood that the other compartmentsare similarly regulatable by similar mechanism and pneumatic circuitry.)
Thus, the various compartments (18, 20, 22, and/or 24) may beselectively pressurized and/ or vented to attain the desired overallpattern of occupant-support as discussed above.
Elongated slots 62 in the front face of cover plate 58 permit themovement of the shank 64 of each control knob 54, which selectivelyactuates the control movement of the valve members designated with thesuffix c.
Safety against any undesired excess of pressure is shown guarded againstby the provision of clearance space 66 between the valve member (240 inFIG. 7) and the cover plate 58, permitting the valve member (24c) tomove outwardly as forced by the extra pressure, against the inward biasof springs 68 shown carried on the rear wall of the cover plate 58. Theexcess pressure, which then bypasses the valve member (240) inside thecover plate 58, is vented through a vent 70 provided in a wall of thecover plate 58.
Suitable fasteners 72 are shown holding the cover plate 58 to thebody-member 40; and the body-member 40 is shown provided with suitableopenings 74 (FIG. 6) through which suitable fasteners may be passed tosecure the body-member 40 to the seat 10. The valve assembly 26, asindicated in FIG. 1, is mounted to the seat 10 in a suitable location inwhich its control knobs 54 are conveniently accessible to theseat-occupant.
It will be understood that in the text and claims the terminology ismeant in its broad sense, and, for brevity, the terminology is meant toinclude other details and alternatives as come within the scope of thenovel concepts. Thus, for example, the term pneumatic includes any sortof actuatable medium, whether gaseous or liquid; and the pressure-reliefmeans may be other than that of the venting means shown; and, althoughthe seat construction is shown as that of a seat for a vehicle, and isparticularly useful in that employment, the invention is not limitedthereto.
It will be thus seen that inventive concepts provide a novel means bywhich a variety of seat adjustments are readily and convenientlyattainable, and permitting the user to attain any selected position byinfinitely small increments of adjustment, to suit and fit the postureand physical nature of the user and provide the individuallyselectedsupport the user desires.
Thus, the present invention accomplishes its intended objects, includingthose hereinbefore pointed out and others that are inherent in theinvention.
It will be understood that modifications and variations may be effectedwithout departing from the scope of the novel concepts of the presentinvention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be considered limited tothe specific form or arrangements herein described and shown.
What is claimed is:
1. A seat construction embodying a seat-portion and a back-portion,comprising:
a plurality of pneumatically-operative compartments supportinglyassociated with the seat-portion and the back-portion of the seat;
and a pneumatic system, including pressure-control means, forselectively actuating said compartments pneumatically to effect desiredvariations of support for an occupant of said seat;
the pressure-control means providing a pressurization of saidcompartments at individually-selected amounts;
the compartments being formed to provide an overlapping relationship ofadjacent compartments, lessening an abrupt change of support-effect orhumping even though each of the adjacent compartments is individuallycontrolled by the pressure-control means;
the seat-portion having at least two of said compartments spacedlaterally, the compartmentation being of a nature such that variationsin magnitude of substantially similar pressurization of saidlaterallyspaced compartments provide variations in effectiveseat-height, and variations in magnitude of differing pressurization ofsaid laterally-spaced compartments provide variations in effective seattilt.
2. A seat construction embodying a seat-portion and a back-portion,comprising:
a plurality of pneumatically-operative compartments supportinglyassociated with the seat-portion and the back-portion of the seat;
and a pneumatic system, including pressure-control means, forselectively actuating said compartments pneumatically to effect desiredvariations of support for an occupant of said seat;
the pressure-control means providing a pressurization of saidcompartments at individually-selected amounts;
the compartmentation including generally end-to-end positioning ofcompartments and providing translation of the support positioningachieved by the seat construction and providing also variation ineffective seat-tilt, .by selective pressurization of compartments.
3. A seat construction embodying a seat-portion and a back-portion,comprising:
a plurality of pneumatically-operative compartments supportinglyassociated with the seat-portion and the back-portion of the seat;
and a pneumatic system, including pressure-control means, forselectively actuating said compartments pneumatically to effect desiredvariations of support for an occupant of said seat;
the compartmentation and the pneumatic system being such that effectivevariations in effective seat-tilt are obtainable by selective operationof the pressurecontrol means.
4. A seat construction, comprising:
a plurality of pneumatically-operative compartments supportinglyassociated with the seat;
and a pneumatic system, including pressure-control means, forselectively actuating said compartments pneumatically to effect desiredvariations of support for an occupant of said seat;
the seat having at least two of said compartments spaced laterally, thecompartmentation being of a nature such that variations in magnitude ofsubstantially similar pressurization of said laterally-spacedcompartments provide variations in effective seatheight, and variationsin magnitude of differing pressurization of said laterally-spacedcompartments provide variations in effective seat tilt.
5. A seat construction, comprising:
a plurality of pneumatically-operative compartments supportinglyassociated with the seat;
and a pneumatic system, including pressure-control means, forselectively actuating said compartments pneumatically to effect desiredvariations of support for an occupant of said seat;
the pressure-control means including a body member including a pressuremeans; and
valve means for selectively communicating each of said pneumaticallyactuated components with said body member pressure means;
the seat having at least tWo of said compartments spaced laterally, thecompartmentation being of a nature such that variations in magnitude ofsubstantially similar pressurization of said laterally-spacedcompartments provide variations in effective seat-height, and variationsin magnitude of differing pressurization of said laterally-spacedcompartments provide variations in effective seat tilt.
6. The invention as set forth in claim 3, in a combination in which thecompartmentation which provides for selective variation in effectiveseat-tilt are such also as to provide translation of the supportpositioning by selective operation of the pressure-control means.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Austin 297-369 Jensen. Morner.
Clachko 269325 Summerville 297-284 F lajole. Buehrig. Moore 297-284DAVID J. WILLIAMOWSKY, Primary Examiner. FRANK B. SHERRY, Examiner. 15G. O. FINCH, Assistant Examiner.
1. A SEAT CONSTRUCTION EMBODYING A SEAT-PORTION AND A BACK-PORTION,COMPRISING: A PLURALITY OF PNEUMATICALLY-OPERATIVE COMPARTMENTSSUPPORTINGLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEAT-PORTION AND THE BACK-PORTION OFTHE SEAT; AND A PNEUMATIC SYSTEM, INCLUDING PRESSURE-CONTROL MEANS, FORSELECTIVELY ACTUATING SAID COMPARTMENTS PNEUMATICALLY TO EFFECT DESIREDVARIATIONS OF SUPPORT FOR AN OCCUPANT OF SAID SEAT; THE PRESSURE-CONTROLMEANS PROVIDING A PRESSURIZATION OF SAID COMPARTMENTS ATINDIVIDUALLY-SELECTED AMOUNTS; THE COMPARTMENTS BEING FORMED TO PROVIDEAN OVERLAPPING RELATIONSHIP OF ADJACENT COMPARTMENTS, LESSENING ANABRUPT CHANGE OF SUPPORT-EFFECT OR HUMPING EVEN THOUGH EACH OF THEADJACENT COMPARTMENTS IS INDIVIDUALLY CONTROLLED BY THE PRESSURE-CONTROLMEANS; THE SEAT-PORTION HAVING AT LEAST TWO OF SAID COMPARMENTS SPACEDLATERALLY, THE COMPARTMENTATION BEING OF A NATURE SUCH THAT VARIATIONSIN MAGNITUDE OF SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR PRESSURIZATION OF SAID LATERALLY.SPACED COMPARTMENTS PROVIDE VARIATIONS IN EFFECTIVE SEAT-HEIGHT, ANDVARIATIONS IN MGNITUDE OF DIFFERING PRESSURIZATION OF SAIDLATERALLY-SPACED COMPARTMENTS PROVIDE VARIATIONS IN EFFECTIVE SEAT TILT. | 2024-03-22 | 1966-02-14 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1967-07-11"
} |
US-1902135807-A | Eyelet.
UNITED STATES PATENT j OFFICE;
ARNOLD A. KUEHLHORN, OF LAKOTA, NORTH DAKOTA.
EYELET.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 724,716, dated April 7,1903. Application filed December 18, 1902. Serial No. 135,807. (Nomodel.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ARNOLD A. KUEHL- HORN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Lakota, in the county of Nelson and State of NorthDakota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Eyelets, ofwhich the following is a specification, reference being had therein tothe accompanying drawings.
My invention relates to eyelets to be used in connection with articlesof apparel, and the object thereof is to provide devices of thischaracter particularly designed to receive flat lacings which willprevent transverse wrinkling or doubling over of the latter when thesame are drawn taut and which will further provide rolling supports forthe lacings to reduce the wear thereupon as the same are drawn back andforth through the eyelets.
Other objects of the invention will appear and be understood as theinvention is more fully disclosed.
To achieve the end sought, the invention. includes an eyelet of anydesired shape having a rolling guiding member extending transversely ofthe widest portion of the guidingopening provided thereby.
It further includes the particular construction of this guiding memberand the arrangement or construction employed for mounting the same inthe eyelet proper or the rim of the eyelet.
It also includes the details of construction and combination of parts,as will be hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in theclaim. 7
While the invention is susceptible of many modifications, theaccompanying drawings illustrate what is now conceived to be thepreferred embodiment of the same.
In the drawings, Figure 1 shows the invention applied to a shoe-upper.Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the same. Fig. 3 is a similarsectional view taken at right angles to Fig. 2.
As before premised, the improved eyelet is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings as applied to a shoe-upper and is shown as ofcircular contour, having a circular guidingopening.
The outer rim a of the eyelet is, as usual, crimped upon the contiguousportion of the material forming the article to which the same isapplied. At diametrically opposite points in the inner face or wall ofthe rim a circular recesses or sockets b are located, axially of whichsmall openings or sockets c are arranged. Extending transversely of theguiding-opening of the eyelets, with its ends projecting into saidsockets b and snugly fitting the circular walls thereof, is acylindrical roller d, having axially-arranged end pintles e, findingbearings inthe openings or sockets c. The roller, as shown, extendsdiametrically across the guiding-opening of the eyelet and provides aguiding member for the lacing which is passed through said opening. Bythe particular arrangement or construction of the socketed rim havingthe ends of the guiding member at projecting thereinto the lacing isprevented from slipping between the ends of said member and the rim,thusavoiding checking the roller or tearing thelacing,which might occurshould the latter become fastened or caught between either end of saidroller and the contiguous portion of the rim.
The construction and operation of my invention will be readilyunderstood upon reference to the foregoing description and accompanyingdrawings, and it will be appreciated that the parts and combinations maybe varied within a wide range without departing from the spirit of thesame. I
What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is--v As anarticle of manufacture, an eyelet having diametrically-arranged socketsin the wall of the guiding opening thereof, andopenings in the rimaxially of said sockets, and a cylindrical rolling guiding member havingits ends confined in said sockets, and pintles projecting axially fromsaid ends journaled in said openings, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
ARNOLD A. KUEHLHORN.
Witnesses: S. A. FLOREN,
B. O. CUTTING.
| 2024-03-22 | 1902-12-18 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1903-04-07"
} |
US-278756D-A | vaugkn
(N0 W. J" YAUG'HN.
, WINDMILL. Y l No. 278,756. Y Patented June 5,1883.
@LT /57 www UNITED STATES PATENT EEicEo WARREN J. VAUGHN, OF KANSASCITY, MISSOURI.V
WINDMILL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 278,756, dated June 5,1883.
Application filed July 1l, 1882.
(No model.)
To all whom, it may concern: v
Beit known that I, NVARREN J. VAUGHN, a citizen of the United States,residing at-Kansas City, in the county of Jackson and State of Missouri,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Windmills; vand Ido declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of referencemarked thereon, which form a part o f this specification.
My invention relates to Aimprovements in windmills, and the objects ofmy improvements are, first, simplicity of construction; second,cheapness, third, greater power accordmg to size and cost; fourth,durability; fifth, ease of regulation; sixth, securing the mill from thedanger of being blown off the tower.
in case of violent wind-storms, which seems the chief trouble with allother mills that have been tried. I attain these objects by themechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure lis a representation of the entire windmill when in operation. Fig. 2 isarear view, looking onto back of mill, showing fanframe, hinges, andconnections. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of fan-hinge and end of one ofthe fan-arms detached. Fig. l:tis aview of the working parts of themachine with the flywheel removed. Fig. 5 shows the entire mill when atrest with the rope or wire C pulled down and fastened, allowing thefan-leaves 7L to be thrown into such a position as to offer noresistance to the wind, as is the reverse when the rope or wire C isloosened, shown in Fig. l,..and by the weight g on the regulating-leverD causes it to drop, and a consequent elevation of the fan-frame, whichcoming in contact with H, the fan-leaves are presented to the wind andmotion is obtained.
Similar letters referto similar parts throughout the several views. Y
A represents the tower and table on which the turning frame B rests, andthey are connected bya hollow spindle, b, passing through thetower-table A and secured by the nut ay underneath.
B is the turning frame, (shown more clearly n- Fig. 4,) which turns onlyas the wind changes. l
C is the power-shaft, with which E and H are connected. frame B, and,through the gear wheels ff, transmits thc power to the vertical powerina slot in the top ofthe turning frame B, and having its end forked tofit into a groove in the frame into or out of gear, accordingly as it islowered, as represented in Fig. l, or raised, as in Fig. 5, which isdone by means of v rope c being fastened or loosened. As a violentwind-storm increases in velocity its only tendency is to throw this millout of gear, while the revolutions would remain the same, and even anytrouble from that source is anticipated and neutralized by regulatingthe position of the weight r/,which is easily moved back and forth onthe regulating-lever D, and may be locked in position by a thumb-screwon it.
` E is the ian-frame, with connections with H by hinges fi, to which thefans 7L are attached, so that when the fork end of the regulating-leveris lowered, the fork fitting into the groove in the fan-frame E, whichslides on shaft C, as seen in Fig. 4, it pulls down the frame E, whichthrows the fans into a position of non-resistance to the wind, andconsequently out of gear, as in Fig. 5.
H is a frame similar to E in construct-ion. It is immovably attached tothe end of the power-shalt C', and has the fan-hinges 'L' attached tothe ends of its arms, as shown in Fig. 2.
c is a rope or wire passing up through the hollowlvvertical shaft b,passing on both sides ofthe ineliiredpower-shaft C, and connects withthe regulating-lever D. It is used to raise or lower the forked end of Din order to throw the mill into or out of gear.
e are rollers or wheels which assist and steady the movements of theturning frame B and prevent jarring or shaking.
The fan-leaves h are made somewhat concave to catch the wind more thanwhen entirely flat, and they are connected to the frame H by the hingesi.
It passes through the arm of D is the regulating-lever, resting on abolt fan-frame E, for the purpose of throwing the,
IOO
The frame E slides along -the shaft C, while frame H is immovablyattached to the end of the same shaft.
Prior to my invention all or nearly all windy mills have been operatedon a turn-table, or its equivalent, and have been thrown to the wind bymeans of a vane or fan-tail. In the case of my improvement there is novane or tail; but the operation is so easy and simple that it becomesself-adjusting. In other windmills the turn-table turns. In mine it doesnot, being fast to the tower, and the frame B alone turns. In othermills the fan-leaves are immovable, except in their revolution. In mine,besides the revolution, the attachments E and II, but more particularlyE, by the aid of the hinges '5, can be given the wing motion by means ofthe adjustable rope or wire c, and it matters not whether the mill is inoperation.
The entire mill is constructed of metal, eX- cepting the tower, which,for protection from prairie and other fires, may be constructed ot?metal also. Y Having thus described my invention, what I claim thereinas new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
l. In a windmill, .the combination, with a turning frame, B, a power-shaft passing through one of the sides of said frame, a pivotedregulating -lever provided with an adjustable weight, the inner end ofsaid lever being split to grasp a collar or rim on said shaft, of thetower-table A, around which the frame B turns through the interventionof the friction-rollers e e, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.
2. In a windmill, the combination, with the tower-frame A, of theturning frame B, powershaft, and hollow rope-shaft b, the power-shaftbeing provided with a weighted lever, as described, and the framesconnected by hinged plates fi, arranged and actuating substantially asand -for the purpose set forth.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
XVARREN J VAUGHN.
XVitnesses:
JNO. F. XVHLEN, JN0. A. VHALEN.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1883-06-05"
} |
US-22657862-A | Yarn cake holder
April 7, 1964 G. L. TODD YARN CAKE HOLDER 2 Sheets-Sheefl Filed Sept.27, 1962 April 7, 1964 cs. 1.. TODD YARN CAKE HOLDER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Filed Sept. 27, 1962 United States Patent 3,128,060 YARN QAKE HOLDERGrover Lee Todd, Wilmington, DeL, assignor, by mesne assignments, to FMCCorporation, San Jose, Calif., a corporation of Delaware Filed Sept. 27,1962, Ser. No. 226,578 Claims. (Cl. 242-1101) This invention relates toyarn cake holders and particularly to a holder for use with an undriedcake of yarn. More especially, the invention relates to a holder adaptedto support a yarn cake while the yarn is being removed in an axialdirection, that is, endwise of the cake.
In the manufacture of rayon, it is customary to collect the newly formedyarn while still wet in the form of what is known as a cake or cheese.The cake is in the shape of a slightly tapered thick walled hollowcylinder and the yarn is generally subjected to further processing whilein this form. Thus, the cake is washed to remove residual acid from theyarn and frequently the yarn is dried while still in cake form. Sincethe cake has no core or other support, it is apt to be mashed out ofshape during the various treatments. Before the yarn is sold, or at anyrate before it is processed into fabric form, it is usually necessary toremove it from the cake and package it in some other form. For example,the yarn may be wound onto spools or onto a beam. Since the yarn isliable to become tangled during the unwinding from a malformed cake,special devices are generally employed for supporting the cake while theyarn is being removed therefrom and it is toward the improvement of suchdevices that the present invention is directed.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved yarn cakeholder capable of supporting a cake in such manner that the yarn can beremoved therefrom without tangling.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved cake holder soconstructed and arranged that the yarn may expeditiously be removedaxially or endwise of the cake without tangling.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved yarn cakeholder adapted to accommodate cakes of various sizes.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved yarn cakeholder adapted to support a cake in a creel so that the tail of one cakemay be tied to the yarn of another cake whereby when the yarn is removedfrom the first cake the supply will be continued from the other.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention as well as thedetails of construction will become apparent as the description of apreferred embodiment thereof proceeds.
Referring now to the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the device with certain partsremoved to show details of construction;
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the device in a collapsed condition infull lines and in an expanded condition in dotted lines;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partly in section and partly broken away,showing the means for expanding the holder into cake engaging condition;and
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view showing the construction of one of the cakeengaging elements of the device.
In its preferred form, the device comprises a hollow axial shaft 119, tothe lower end of which is connected an arm 11 by means of which it maybe mounted in a creel. A cake supporting annular flange 12 is secured toshaft 10 and articulated to said shaft are a plurality, four in theillustrated embodiment, of longitudinally extending cake engagingelements generally designated 13. As best shown in FIG. 4, elements '13are each formed of a pair of tele- Patented Apr. 7., 1964 scopingmembers 14 and 15. Members 14 and 15 are preferably formed of sheetmaterial and member 15 is provided with longitudinally extending flanges16 and 17 which slidably embrace the edges of member 14. By slidingmember 15 along the member 14 the over-all length of composite element13 may be adjusted.
Elements 13 are articulated to shaft 10 in the following manner. Acollar 18 is slidably mounted on shaft 10 and said collar is connectedby wire links 19 to each of the four members 14. Each link 19 ispivotally connected at one end to an ear 20 of collar 18 and at theother end to a tab 21 secured to member 14. Also slidably mounted onshaft 10 are a pair of collars 22 and 23 which are interconnected forunitary movement by a sleeve 24. C01- lar 22 is connected to members 14of elements 13 by wire links 25 each of which is pivotally connected atone end to an ear 26 of the collar and at the other to a tab 27 securedto member 14. As shown in FIGS. '1 and 3, links 19 and 25 associatedwith each cake engaging element cross one another. Collar 23 isconnected to members 14 by wire links 28 each of which is pivotallyconnected at one end to an ear 29 of the collar and at the other end toa tab 30 secured to member 14. As shown in FIG. 1, links 28 are parallelto links 25 and are the same length as links 25 whereby the cakeengaging elements are held parallel to shaft 11).
A spring 31 surrounding shaft 10 bears at one end against a sleeve 32pinned or otherwise secured to the upper end of said shaft and at theother end bears against collar 18 to urge said collar downward away fromsleeve 32. A spring 33 mounted around shaft 10 between flange 12 andcollar 23 urges said collar upward and through the sleeve 24 also urgescollar 22 upward toward collar 18. Because of the crossing linkages 19and 25, movement of collars 18 and 22 toward one another causes the cakeengaging elements to move radially outwardly from shaft 10. The links28, being parallel to links 25, assure parallelism between the cakeengaging elements and the shaft in all radial positions of saidelements.
A latch member 34 is mounted on a pivot 35 internally of hollow shaft10. Latch member 34 has an operating portion 36 extending beyond the endof the shaft and a latching nose 37 aligned with an opening 38 in theshaft. A spring 39 urges latch member 34 in the direction to causelatching nose 37 to protrude through the shaft open ing 38, as shown inFIG. 3. When cake engaging elements 13 are pressed toward shaft 10against the action of springs 31 and 33, collars 18 and 22 are movedapart from the position shown in FIG. 1 to the position shown in FIG. 3and When collar 22 reaches the FIG. 3 position latching nose 37 movesoutward to overlie said collar and prevent springs 31 and 33 fromrestoring the collars 18 and 22 to the FIG. 1 position. When latchoperating portion 36 is pressed toward the right as viewed in FIG. 3,latch member 34 is moved against the action of its spring 39 to therebycause the nose 37 to release collar 22 and permit collars 22 and 18 tobe restored to the FIG. 1 position.
The two members 14 and 15 of cake engaging elements 13 are curvedtransversely and are of such a width that the longitudinal edges of eachelement are substantially touching the longitudinal edges of adjacentelements when said elements are in their inner positions, as indicatedin FIG. 2. Each member 15 is provided with a flange 40 extendingradially outward therefrom and extending sideways beyond thelongitudinal edges thereof. In FIG. 2 the cake engaging elements areshown in full lines in their inner positions and in dotted lines intheir outer cake engaging positions and it will be observed that in bothpositions the flange 40 of each element laps the flanges of the twoadjacent elements. As shown in full lines in FIG.
2, each flange 40 overlaps one adjacent flange and underlaps the otheradjacent flange. The outer edges of flanges 40 are concentric with theirrespective members 15 and when elements 13, of which members 15 are apart, are in their inner, latched positions the overlapping flanges forma circle, as shown in FIG. 2. When elements 13 are expanded to cakeengaging position, the outer edges of the flanges form a smoothlyscalloped curve.
When a cake as indicated in dot and dash lines 41 in FIG. 1 is to bepositioned on the holder, cake engaging elements 13 are moved to theirinner, latched positions and said engaging elements are expandedlengthwise by sliding members 15 along the members 14 so that the holderis longer or higher than the cake. After the holder is inserted throughthe hollow core of the cake, latch 34 is operated to permit springs 31and 33 to expand the cake engaging elements into contact with the hollowinterior of the cake. The interior of the cake is of less diameter thanthe fully expanded diameter of the holder so that engaging elements 13are held firmly in engagement with the cake and are thereby able to holdthe cake in shape. Members 15 are then pressed down until the flanges 40are in light engagement with one end of the cake, the other end of thecake resting on flange 12. If desired, a tail 42 of the yarn in the corearea of the cake may be led to the outside of the cake as shown in FIG.1 so that it may be tied to the end of the yarn from the outside ofanother cake, as is usual with packages mounted in a creel.
The yarn is withdrawn from the cake by pulling it through a guidelocated axially of the cake. With this sort of withdrawal, the yarnforms a balloon as it unwinds from the cake but as the cake becomesexhausted there is a tendency for it to slough off the end of the cakerather than form the balloon and the flanges 40 prevent this sloughingoff and the consequent tangling of the yarn. Some cakes are wound sothat the yarn moves clockwise as it unwinds and some are formed so thatthe yarn moves counterclockwise. The wire links 19, 25 and 28 aresufficiently flexible that some relative sidewise movement is permittedbetween the cake engaging elements and therefore with the elements inexpanded condition the ends of the flanges 40 may be relatively underandoverlapped to accommodate the different styles of winding. Thus,referring to FIG. 2, if the yarn moves counterclockwise duringwithdrawal, the flanges will be lapped as shown but if the yarn movesclockwise the ends of the flanges will be lapped opposite to the waythey are shown in the drawing. In this manner, the end of the flangefirst contacted by the yarn balloon is outside the preceding flange sothat there is no danger of the yarn being caught beneath any of theflanges. The opposite ends of cake engaging elements 13 are locatedclose to the flange 12 so that the yarn does not get caught between saidengaging elements and the flange 12.
Forming elements 13 of relatively longitudinally movable members notonly makes it easier to position the cake on the device 'but moreimportantly allows the flanges 40 to be positioned very close to 'theend of the cake even though all cakes are not of identical height. Inother words, the holder hereinabove described is usuable with a varietyof different sizes of yarn cakes.
Having thus described a preferred embodiment of the invention, what isclaimed is:
1. A yarn cake holder comprising an axial shaft, aplurality oflongitudinally extending-cake engaging elements supported by' saidshaft, said elements being movable radially of said shaft from innerpositions to outer cake engaging positions, means urging said elementsto their outer positions, a flange on the end of each of said elements,and said last mentioned flanges extending beyond the longitudinal edgesof their respective-elements and lapping the flanges of adjacentelements when said elements are in both their inner positions and theirouter cake engaging positions.
2. The cake holder set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said cakeengaging elements is formed of a plurality of relatively longitudinallymovable members, whereby the length of said elements may be adjusted.
3. A yarn cake holder comprising an axial shaft, a cake supportingflange secured near one end of said shaft, a plurality of longitudinallyextending cake engaging elements supported by said shaft, said elementsbeing movable radially of said shaft from inner positions to outer cakeengaging positions, resilient means urging said elements to their outerpositions, said elements being curved transversely, a first end of eachof said elements being located close to said cake supporting flange, aflange on the other end of each of said elements, and said lastmentioned flanges extending beyond the longitudinal edges of theirrespective elements and lapping the flanges of adjacent elements whensaid elements are in both their inner positions and their outer cakeengaging positions.
4. The cake holder set forth in claim 3 wherein said cake engagingelements are formed of telescoping members whereby the length thereofmay be adjusted.
5. A yarn cake holder comprising an axial shaft, a plurality oflongitudinally extending cake engaging elements supported by said shaft,said elements being movable radially of said shaft from inner positionsto outer cake engaging positions, resilient means urging said elementsto their outer positions, said elements being curved transversely andbeing of a width such that the longitudinal edges of each element aresubstantially touching the longitudinal edges of the adjacent elementswhen said elements are in their said inner positions, a flange on theend of each of said elements, and said last mentioned flanges extendingbeyond the longitudinal edges of their respective elements and lappingthe flanges of adjacent elements when said elements are in both theirinner positions and their outer cake engaging positions.
' -6. The cake holder set forth in claim 5 wherein said cake engagingelements are formed of telescoping members, whereby the length thereofmay be adjusted.
7. A yarn cake holder comprising an axial shaft, a cake supportingflange secured near one end of said shaft, a plurality oflongitudinally-extending cake engaging elements supported by said shaft,said elements being movable radially of said shaft from inner positionsto outer cake engaging positions, resilient means urging said elementsto their outer positions, said elements being curved transversely andbeing of a width such that the longitudinal edges of eachelement aresubstantially touching the longitudinal edges of the adjacent elementswhen said elements are in their said inner positions, a first end ofeach of said elements being located close to said cake supportingflange, a flange on the other end of each of said elements, said lastmentioned flanges extending beyond the longitudinal edges of theirrespective elements and lapping the flanges of adjacent elements whensaid elements are in both their inner positions and their outer cakeengaging positions.
8. The cake holder set forth in claim 7 wherein said cake engagingelements are formed of telescoping members, whereby the length thereofmay be adjusted.
9. A yarn cake holder comprising an axial shaft, a cake supportingflange secured near one end of said shaft, a plurality of cake engagingelements, means articulating said cake engaging elements to said shaftfor simultaneous movement radially of said shaft from inner positions toouter cake engaging positions, resilient means urging said elements totheir outer positions, latch means for holding said elements in theirinner positions means for releasing said latch means, said elementsbeing curved transversely and being of a width such that thelongitudinal edges of each element are substantially touching thelongitudinal edges of the-adjacent elements when said elements are intheir said inner positions, a first end of each of said elements beinglocated close to said cake supporting flange, a flange on the other endof each of said elements,
6 said last mentioned flanges extending beyond the longi- ReferencesCited in the file of this patent tudinal edges of their respectiveelements and lapping UNITED STATES PATENTS the flanges of adjacentelements When said elements are 495 720 Birdsau A r 18 1893 in boththeir inner positions and their outer cake engaging 2 60O840 Bruegger i1952 Pwtms- 5 2,971,721 Jones Feb. 14, 1961 10. The cake holder setforth in claim 9 wherein said cake engaging elements are formed oftelescoping mem- FOREIGN PATENTS bers, whereby the length thereof may beadjusted. 453,110 Italy Nov. 17, 1949
1. A YARN CAKE HOLDER COMPRISING AN AXIAL SHAFT, A PLURALITY OFLONGITUDINALLY EXTENDING CAKE ENGAGING ELEMENTS SUPPORTED BY SAID SHAFT,SAID ELEMENTS BEING MOVABLE RADIALLY OF SAID SHAFT FROM INNER POSITIONSTO OUTER CAKE ENGAGING POSITIONS, MEANS URGING SAID ELEMENTS TO THEIROUTER POSITIONS, A FLANGE ON THE END OF EACH OF SAID ELEMENTS, AND SAIDLAST MENTIONED FLANGES EXTENDING BEYOND THE LONGITUDINAL EDGES OF THEIRRESPECTIVE ELEMENTS AND LAPPING THE FLANGES OF ADJACENT ELEMENTS WHENSAID ELEMENTS ARE IN BOTH THEIR INNER POSITIONS AND THEIR OUTER CAKEENGAGING POSITIONS. | 2024-03-22 | 1962-09-27 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1964-04-07"
} |
US-1910537076-A | Casting apparatus.
J. w. BROWN, JR. CASTING APPARATUS.
APPLICATION FILED JAN.B,1910. v
. I Patented May 21, 1912.
J. W. BROWN, Jn.
CASTING APPARATUS. APPLIOATION IILBDVJAN. a, 1910.
I PatentedvMay 21,1912.
1s SHEBTS-SHEET 2.
1. W. BROWN JR. GASTINGAPPARATUS. APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 8, 1910.
Patented May 21, 1912.
13 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
Wamssw- 'gg ncg m,
J. W. BROWN, Jn. CASTING APPARATUS.
'6. APPLICATION rump JAN. 8, 1910. Patented may 21 1912. v 1aannTs-snnn'r 4 Patented May 21,1912.
13' sums-BEER: 5.
I I 1 I I J J. W.'BR0WN, 3.
CASTING APPARATUS. urmu'ndx rmm M11. 0. 1910.
NN M J. W. BROWN, JR. CASTING APPARATUS.
APPLIUATION FILED JAN. 8. 1910.
A H W Q u v H i H A A LU Q Q EEBEEEEEEEE Patented May 21, 1912-.
13 SHEBTS-SHBET 6.
g n E (96km f- OUJT CT 10.
J. W. BROWNfJR.
CASTING APPARATUS.
APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 8, 1910.
Patented May 21, 1912.
13 SHEETS-SHEET 7.
- WM? &
J. W. BROWN, J11.
CASTING APPARATUS.
APPLICATION FILED 1111.1. 1910.
Patented May 21, 1912.
13 SHEETS-SHEET 8. 1
QTORTU WBWOCUTQTBQ M KWA;
J. W. BROWN, JR.
CASTING APPARATUS.
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 8, 1910,
Patented May 21, 1912.
Patented May 21, 1912.
13 SHEETS-SHEET 10-.
WWW
J. WL BROWN, JR. CASTING APPARATUS.
APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 8, 1910.
Patented May 21, 1912.
13 SHEETS-SHEET 11.
h A rz/fcrb E Paloma f H aswggowgfi I. w. BROWN, in. CASTING APPARATUS.
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 8, 1910.
Patented May 21, 19 12.
- 13 SHEETSSHEET 12.
- I Ire-verifier? Wi5c5565- JoTcn WLBW tUr JQ W 5 S? i swasairm l eTOFFICE i .JonN wxnson BROWN. nzl. OFfHiLADELIfHiA, PENNSYLVANIA,ASQIGNOR To run ENTERPRISE MANUFACTURING comrANY or PENNSYLVANIA, orPENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF-YIENXSYLVANIA.
casrmehrramrirs.
J r., a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in'Castmg Appa ratus,of which the following is a speclfica tion. I
My inventionrelates' to certain :improve ments in automatic castingapparatus, and particularly that type of casting a paratus IIIWVhlCh anendless conveyer is use inconnection'with a molding machine.
c The main object-of my invention to erect acasting apparatus which willbe prim-- t-ically automatic and which will have the capacity of turningout greatnumbers of castings accurately formed. A further object of theconstruct-- the apparatus that the only manual labor required will bethe taking of thel empty flasks from the. conveyyer, placing.
them in the molding machine and taking the filledflasks from the moldingmachine and placing them on the conveyer, and the operation of theladle. [All the rest of the mechanism is entirely automatic except thehandling-of the finished casting for inspection, where the perfectcastings are taken.
the conveyer and placed in 'therum-- ,blers.
In the accompanying draw1ngs:-Figure -1, is a diagrammatic sectionalplan view of the building of my improved casting plant,-
showing a series of casting unit-s arranged side by side; Fig. 2,"is aview in elevation of the molding machine section of the apparatus; Fig.2", is a view in elevation of the cupola section of the. apparatus; Fig.2, is a view in elevation 03f the intermediate sectioncontaining the pigbreaker, sand re plenishing apparatus andsprue mill; Fig; 2, 1s a viewmelevation of the cleaning end of the apparatus. In all these views thebuildings in which the. apparatus is located are shown in section. Fig.3, is aplan view of the molding machine end of the apparatus; Fig. v3",is a plan view of'the cupola section of the apparatus; Fig. 3.
is a plan view illustrating both the rumblers and the sprue mill; Fig.4, is a sectional plan view on the line. 4-4, Fig. 2; Fig. 5, is atransverse sectional view on the line 55, l1ig ."2";'Fig. 6, is a transverse sectional view on the line 6-6, Fig. 2
t SpQciflcaciSnefLetters Patent. anrfi auon filed lante n3.511513643710764 invention is to so" raan ma i, 1912'.
"with theisandqmixer removed; Fig; 7,"is a transverse sectional vlew onthe line 77,
PHILADELPHIA,
Fig. 2 Fig. 8, is a transverse sectional view on the line 88,' Fig. 2;Fig. "this a sec-' tional viewot one of theflasks; "Fig. 10, is aperspective view partly in sectioniand showing a flask-supported'by thering section of a horizontal conveyer; Fig. 11, is a diagram.
perspective view illustrating the location of the endless chain of flaskrings with the sup porting ,conveyer ands-the endless chain of flaskweights.
I will first describe the operation of the apparatus and will refer tothe diagram,
.(ThlS invention in the firstplace is ;inf-,
and is not applicable-towork where a few I --10 tended tofmakea greatnumber of castings therefore,fithe invention is mainly intended forcasting standard articles.
1' is the main building in'which the endless conveyers 2. are locatedfor carrying the" flasks, and at one side of the-building arethemoldingmachines 8. .Atthe opposite side of the-building are the cup olas4 separated from the molding and pouring see tions bya partition 5 inthe present instance; thegendles's conveyerszpassing through thepartition. a
6, e are thejponring i'ladles which our the endless conveyers 2.
. At one end of the building 1s a core room 7 which is within .easyaccess to the molding machines, as it is essential, when'cores are used,that they shall be quickly handled and readily carried from the coreroom to the molding floor".
The molding machines may be-of any type desired, but preferably of thetype illustrated inthe application'for patent filed,
February 20, 1911, Serial No. 609,563.
Beyond the building ,1 is a shed 8 in the present instance, and passingthrough this shed are the endless conveyeis 9 which re.- ceive thecastlng after it is discharged from the flasks. In this shed are thesand replenishing hoppers 10, the pig feed hoppers 11 and the sprue mill12. Extending transversely through the shed is a railroad track 13 andbetween the conveyers 9 are storage bins 14 for the sand and pig iron.
15 is the cleaning room, into which the 8 5 the molten metal in thefiask s carrie by ing sand and to smooth the castings.
conveyers 9 extend and in the cleaning room are the rumblers 16 intowhich the perfect castings are placed to relieve them of adher- Thecastings are loaded on cars on the track 15 at the rear of the room 15;the room may be entirely open at the rear or provided with doors. Thesprues and the defective castings are carried by the conveyer 9 anddischarged onto a transverse conveyer .17, and this con 'veyerdischarges onto a conveyer 18. leading to the sprue mill 12, Where theparts are cleaned to be melted in the cupola again.
It will be seen by the above description that the mold is prepared inthe .molding machine, transferred onto an endless conveyer and carriedto the pouring-station and the metal is poured into the mold, afterwhichit is conveyed to a point where the sand and casting aredischargedfrom the mold; the sand bein separated at this point from the casting, te casting being transferred by another conveyer to the cleaning roomwhilethe sand passes through the magnetic separator and temperer backtothe hopper for replenishing the molding lmaj The same sand is utilizedover and chine.
' over again and, when required, fresh sand can be added to take theplace of any wasted. The above describedv invention 15 upon the patentgranted to Edwin E. Waite,
' No. 818,927, dated September 24th, 1906, and
"the present invention is the outcome of the development of thisinvention to bring it to a practical scale. i l I In Fig. 1 of thedrawings it will be seen that I have shown nine units and, in thepresent instance, there are five cupolas which endless conveyer made upof a series of flask rings 19 connected together. This conveyer travelson rails 20 at each side and passes around large sprocket wheels 21, 22,as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 3". 21 is the driving sprocket wheelhaving a bevel gear 23 which meshes with a bevel gear 24 on the shaft25. This shaft has a star wheel 26, in the present instance actuated bya tappet on the shaft27 geared to the driving shaft 28 through a wormand worm wheel connection, and this shaft in turn is driven from themotor 29. Thus there is an intermittent forward movement of the conveyer2. The flask ringsare fed forward theiifull length, stopped, and thenvfed forward again. By having the conveyer move intermittently, oneoperator has sufficient time to take the empty flasks from the itself isclear of the rin It will be underrings on one side and to place them inposition on the molding machine, while a second. i v
operator takes a prepared flask from the machine and places it upon theconveyer, which carries it to a position under the pouring ladle.
' I will not describe the particular form of molding machine in thisapplication which is shown in the drawings, as thismolding dischargepoint where the sand 1s separated from the casting, I provide avertically arranged conveyer 30 consisting of a series of trucks 31coupled together and provided with wheels 32 which travel on tracks 33on the forward run and on tracks 34 on the return run.
rectly upon the trucks 31 and the flask 125 only utilized first to holthe flask while the sand is being knocked out and to return the 19, asthe ring is The bottom-board 70 of the flask, as shown in Figs. 9 and10, rests dishaft 25, so that it .moves intermittently withthe'horizontal conveyer 2.- The opposite end of the conveyer 30 passesaround a sprocket wheel 36 at the discharge end of Y the apparatus.
In order to place pressure upon the sand" within the flask 125 I utilizeweights 37, these weights rest upon the sand and the full wei ht beingtaken by the sand and flasks. geveral weights are linked together toform an endless chain 38 and this chain passes over a large sprocketwheel 39 at one end and around a curved rail 40 at the opposite end.These weights are provided with wheels which travel on rails 41 on theupper run but are carried solely by the flasks on the lower run so thatthe sand in each flask receives the full pressure of a wei ht. Theweight is perforated opposite t 1e sprue opening in the sand so as toallow for the ready pouring of the metal in the mold. The-weights areguided laterally on their lower run by rails 42, but the rails do not inany manner support the weights.
It will be understood that the weight conveyer is driven from the shaft25 through a shaft 43 geared to the shaft 25 by bevel gears, and thisshaft in turn is geared by bevel wheels to'a vertical shaft 44 which inturn is geared to the shaft 45 on which the sprocket wheel 39 ismounted, so that all three conveyers travel intermittently in unison. I
46 is the floor of the molding machine section of the apparatus and 47is the floor of the pouring section of the apparatus. This floor 47 isabove the floor 46 and the conveyer carrying the flasks passes under thefloors. There is a longitudinal opening in the'floor directly above theflasks, but this opening is covered by removable plates. There 1s acomparatively large opening in the floor directly under the ladle 48which has a pouring opening at the bottom in the present instance whichwill properly'aline -with the sprue opening in each flask as it isintermittently moved into' the pouring position: The ladle 48 has wheelsas shown, mounted on the track 49 supported by the floor 47, so that theladle can be moved out of position when it is desired to repair it orallow for the placing of another ladle, if the first ladle becomesclogged, thus avoiding the stopping of the particular unit until thedefect is remedied. The valve of the ladle is connected to a. guide rod50 actuated by a hand lever 51, and the ladle is normally closed by alid 52 which can be removed by actuating the foot lever 53 on the raisedplatform 54.
"55 is an endless overhead rail which passes over all the units, andadapted to travel on the rail are carrying ladles 56 which charge thepouring ladles 6 with the molten metal.
4 is a cupola furnace of the ordinary type having a discharge spout 58'which discharges the molten metal directly into a carrying ladle 56, asillustrated in Fig. 2*. The gas from this cupola, instead-of going towaste as heretofore, is carried through a conduit 59 to a suitable gasapparatus to be utilized for generating power and light. Referring toFigs. 2 2, 3", 60 is the pigbreaker and consists of a hopper 11 andcupola,
' describe the mechanism for discharging the directly under the hopperis a breaker wheel 61 which breaks the pig and discharges the brokenparticles into the chute 62. This chute'is open at the top so that cokemay i be introduced therethrough, both coke and metal are fed 'to'theinclined elevator 63 which extends to a point abovethe cupola furnace 4.and discharges the material through a chute 64 into the upper end ofthe as shown clearly in Fig. 2". 1 In the upper portion .of the cupolais a bell valve 65 operated by an air hoist 66. Mounted on thefoundation of the'building containing the apparatus are transverse.rails 67 supporting the car 68 which canbe moved over any one of thecupolas for the purpose of cleaning or repairs, and the chutes 64 arehinged-to the elevatorframework'so that they can be swungto one side toallow the car to pass when desired The chutes are held in the closedposition by bolts 69 actuated by lever mechanism, as shown in Fig, 2 1
Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3 will sand and casting from the flask. Thelower carrying conveyer 30 and the horizontal ring conveyer 2 extendbeyond the terminal block acts while the flask is at rest and of theweight conveyer 38, and the hori zontal conveyer extends farther thanthe vertical carrying conveyer30, so that, at the point as, Fig. 3 thebottom support for the flask is removed and the flask drops until lugs120 thereon are arrested by coming in contact with-the ring section fthe horizontal conveyer 2 which then'supports the flask. The bottomboard 70,- which is hinged to the flask .and which is now def drops.down so as to leave the space under -the flask. perfectly clear. Aknock-out block 71 is located directlyabove the flask at this pointandis actuated to strike the sand and force it out of'the flask; the sandwith the casting drop. onto the grating 72 directly under the flask andthe loose sand passes through the grating and the casting slides overthe grating, which is inclined, onto the conveyer 9 which carries't-hecasting to the cleaning room 15. The knock-out mechanism is so timedthat the knock-out clear of the flask when the conveyer 1s movedforward. The knock-out block, in
the present instance,- is carried by a .levei'r' j I 73 actuated by acam on a shaft 74 geared;
each side of each conveyer, as shown Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Thetumblers may be of the ordinary type and are prefer 105. ably drivenfrom electric motors 76. In the present instance I have shown threetumblers on each-side of each conveyer '9. r An-ins spector-stands oneither side of the conveyer and in'spects the castings as they travelwith In) the belt, removes the perfectcastings and places them mom ofthe tumblers. .iThe .ima v Perfect casting he places-beckon theb'elt."
The belt discharges the imperfect castings and the sprues, which are nottaken up. by
the inspector, into a chute 77 which is direct-ly above the carrying runof theitransverse conveyer 17 and this conveyer carriess theimperfectcastings and sprues and discharges them onto the belt 18 which leads vto the sprue null 12, where they are broken" up sothat they can bere-melted in"the'cu'-.- pola furnace. In the cleaning room 15 Ipreferably arrange the grinding machine 7 8, where the fins and theportions of the-'sprues' remaining on the castings are removed. Thesprue mill consists of a hollow cyl inder 79 open at each end-andconnected by a chute 80 with the discharge end of the conveyer 18. Themill is mounted on rollers prived of the support of the-conveyer 30, v
81 and is driven by an electric motor 82. An exhaust-pipe 83 isconnected with the center of the sprue mill and this exhaust and passesthrough the screen into the hop per 87 and flows into a screw conveyer88 and this conveyer. delivers it into a. magnetic separator 90, asitwill be understood that small particles of metal which are broken oftfrom the fins or which break off from otherparts of the castings areoften carried with the sand and t-hese' paiticles I f nu'stberemovedbefore the sand can be used again, and by passing the sandthrough the magnetic separator 90v the sand is completely separated fromthe metallic upper portion of-the'cylinder as it rotatesportions. Thepresent separator is in the form of. a cylinder open at each end and oneportion'of the .cylinder has very fine slots for the, free passage ofthe sand; the slots beingsuch as to prevent the passage of any metallicparts and as the metallic arts pass through one section of the cylinderthey come in contact with magnetized lugs on' the other section of thecylinder and.
these lugs carry the metallic partsto'the and the. current is cutofiwhen. the metal reachesythe' upper po'rtionof the cylinder and themetallic articles tall onto the in? I clined chute 91,:F1g. 2 and intobuckets 92 ofthe elevator 93;'the elevator discharging at its onter'endthrough .the chute 94 intov the casti'ng conveyors 9, where the metallicparticles are carried with the castings and discharged from theconveyors 9onto the transverse belt 17 and from the'belt 17 to .thelongitudinal belt 18, and finally into the spruemill 12. The sanddischarging I through the perforations in the separator 90 f passes intoa ho per 95 directly under the device 98. The sand passes etween crush:I ing rolls 99 so as to break up any lumps-in separator and this hopperdischarges into an inclined endless belt conveyor 96 which carries thematerial up and discharges into the? hopper 97 of a sand temperin ormoistening the sand and flows in a stream past an atomizer supplied withwater through the pipe 100, so as to add suflicient moisture to the sandto temper it 'and so prepare it that it can be nsed'again for molding.The
sand drops onto an inclined trough conveyer 101 and discharges into thehopper 102 of a sand mixer 103.
10 is the hopper through which fresh sand is introduced. Under thishopper there is a feed regulating cylinder 104 which is driven by anelectric motor 105. A thin film of sand passes around this roll and isdelivered onto the belt conveyor 106 which carries the sand and deliversit into the hopper 95, which in turn discharges it onto the belt 96.
The sand mixer 103 in the present instance is of the ordinarycentrifugal type and discharges onto an inclined belt 107 which carriesthesand into the bin 108. In the bottom of this bin there is a rollerfeed for the discharge of sand onto an endless belt 109 driven by amotor 110. This belt 109 feeds the sand to the boot of the bucketelevator 111, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4. The elevator carries the sand in theproper condition up abovethe molding machine and discharges it through achute 11.2 into the breaker box 113 of the molding machine 3,'where itis'sifted into the flasks which have been previously prepared to receiveit. .After the flask has been filled with the proper amount of sand themechanism turns the flask under the ramming plungers,
turned again to the position where'it is removed and placed on theCOIIVQYGIK' The -molding machine, as shown in the drawings, is moved aquarter of a revolu for the drag section of the flask and two for thecope section of the flask, as it will be understood that the mechanismis so timed the cope is placed upon the drag.
The core room 7 contains the core making benches 114, the core ovens115, and the core {sorting benches 116,. The ovens have doors atea'chend so thatthe core makers can ,place the cores directly in the ovensand the selectors on the opposite'side of the oven can remove the coresand sort them, plac- Qi'ng certain cores in cages and these cages can beshifted to the storage space 118 or moved from one point to another bythe cores to any casting machine desired and travels through the patternroom 119, so that -it is possible to transfer the pat-terns from thisroom to any machine desired.
The operation of the casting apparatus is as follows :The moldingmachine being of the intermittent rotary type the patterns do not leavethe machine, as they are permanently secured to the tables. Of course,the tables can be removed when it is desired to change the patterns. Onepart of the flask is mounted on one table and properly filled. Then theother part of the flask is mounted on the next table and when it comesinto position is properly filled. The drag is then bottom board of theflask, which is hinged to the flask, being moved in the meantime so asto support the flask, being moved in the meantime so as to support theflask "where it is properly rammed and thencrane 117. This crane 117also carries the inverted and placed on the conveyor; the
tion each time and has four tables, two
that the drag is placed in position and then and the sand. ll'eirt thecope is a the drag and the sprue properlymade thereis intermittently,
I ioaneie in. As the conveyer moved forW-ardthe flask passes under theendless chain of flask weights 38. These. flask weights travel at thesame speed as the flasks and are gradually let. down upon the sand .inthe flasks and'rest firmly there.
is formed' in each weight' on. An opening platetoahne with thepouringholeinthe flask. The three. 'conveyers thentravel .in-
-. .termittent-ly' in unison with the. flasks and a .when the .flaskisthe operator the ladle "nto the mold byxactuating the directly under.the .ladle '6 discharges moltenmetal from lever 51. The conveyers thencontinue their rings ,of
fintermittent .movementand the metal cools .and sets. Just before theflasks reach the point where the sand and the castings are discharged,the flasks. by passing around the circular the flask weights are'raisedoff ide 40. .The -flasks continue their movement' still supported bythe' conveyer 30 [until the bottom supporting conveyer 30' terminates,when t ey drop onto the drops from under the sand in the flask fromwhich it. is. suspended. After the ring conveyer has carried. a flaskbeyond the terminal of the conveyer 30 the knock the sand and-castingfrom the flask. An air jet is introduced at this point to completelyclean the flasks ofany-retained sand.'
-out block 71 is actuated, discharging This jet inlthe'presentinstancejs formed in theknock-out-block, but this is fully set forthandclaimed in the application for patent filed May 6th, 1910, underSerial No. 559,775; The tastings-and sand are discharged ontotheinclined screemthesand passing through the screen while the cast-.ings slide onto a conveyer Qwhieh carries ;them to the tumbling orfinishing room 15,
where they, are examined by inspectors and the perfect castings areplaced in tumblers 16 while the imperfect castings and sprues where theyare"- placed in condition are con'veyed'toa transverse conveyer 17discharging into a longitudinal conveyer 18 mill .12, to bere- The sand,
which carries them to the sprue melted in the cupola furnaces.
I after it leaves the screen, is fed to the'magnetic separator whichremoves any particles of metal from the sand; the metal being dischargedonto the belt 9 and the particles are finally delivered to the spruemill. The sand, after being treated in the-magnetic separator, isdischarged onto an inclined conveying belt where it is carried to thesand temperingor moistening apparatus 98, where it is given the propertemper to be reused in the molding machine, it is then carried byanother conveyer to the centrifugal mixer 103 and from upon 7 theconveyer 2.... The bottom- -board, not [having the support of theconveyer 30,
this mixerinto-the bin 108 which communicates with the 'sande'levatorwhich finally discharges into the mold 'f. 3: ung machine; The flasksare support edlgo'llv 1" the horizontal ring .conveyer 2 and carried;
back to the molding machine, th bot z boards hanging free until theyreach a given pointafter the operator removes the-flasks withthe bottomboards. f
Inr this particular application, I have re-i A .1 br efly but w thsufficient clearness. for a person skilled 1m the-art to fullyunderstand the. operat1on ofthe apparatus, but the \moldmg machlne,the-"mechanism:for.plac q .0
ierredtoi the several'pai'ts of the apparatus ing and holding theweight.plates on the mo1ds,. the knock-out mechanism, the sand temperingmechanism, the metal pouring apparatus,
andthe pig iron breaker, form the subjects of separate applicationsfiled plant as a whole. I claim The m a ion'ia a castin ratus, of aseries of horizontal conveyers madeup of ring sections, a supporting gog "veyer mounted under the primary run o "each ring conveyer, an endlesschain of flaskjf;
weights arranged to travel over the primary i .run of each ring conveyerand bear directly upon the sand in the flasks, a molding ma- T! j'}chine in the loop of each ring conveyer,' 'a I pouring ladle for eachunit, a transverse overhead rail, a charging ladle arranged to travel onsaid rail and to fill any one of the pouring ladles,
a separating screen below the endv ofeach horizontal conveyer, means forknocking out the. sand and casting from the-'--- flasks carried by saidconveyers,"means for receiving the castings and conveying them to thetumbling room, means for tempering the sand, and means forconveying thesand to the moldin machine to be used again.
2. The com ination in a casting apparatus, ofa series of horizontaloonveyers made up of ring sections, a supporting conveyer mounted underthe primary run of each ring conveyer, an endless chain of flask weightsarrangedto run ofeach rlng conveyerand bear directly travel over theprimary upon the sand in the flasks, a molding machine in the loop ofeach ring conveyer, a
pouring ladle for each unit, a transverse 1 overhead rail, a chargingladle arranged'to travel on said rail and to fill any one of the pouringladles, a separating screen below the end of. each horizontal conveyer,means for knocking out the sand and casting from each flask carried bysaid conveyers, a conveyer for receiving the castings and delivering histhem to the tumbling room, means for term pering the sand, means forconveying the sand to the molding machine to be used again, tumblersinto which the perfect castings are placed from the conveyer carryingthe castings, a transverse conveyer arranged in position to receive theimperfect castings and sprues from the several belts of the differentunits, a sprue mill, and a conveyer for carrying the said imperfectcastings and sprues to said mill.
3. The combination in a casting apparatus, of a horizontal conveyer forthe flasks, a supporting conveyer mounted under the primary run of thesaid horizontal conveyer, mechanically operated flask weights placed tobear directly upon the sand of the flasks, 'a molding machine adjacentto said horizontal conveyer, a pouring ladle, means for knocking out thesand and castings from the flasks carried by the said horizontalconveyer, means for tempering the sand, and
means for conveying the sand back to the molding machine.
4. The combination in a casting plant, of a series of units placed sideby side, each unit consisting of a molding machine, conveyers for theflasks, means for discharging the sand and castings from the flasks,means for separating the castings from the sand, means for conveying thecastings away from the apparatus, means for carrying the sand.
back to the molding machine, means for treating the sand on its returnso that it' will be in condition to be used again, with a pouring ladlefor each unit and one or more cupolas, a transverse track crossing theseveral units, a charging ladle adapted to travel on the track andcarrying molten metal from one or more of the cupolas to the severalpouring ladles.
5. The combination in a casting plant, of
an endless horizontal conveyer made up of a series of rings connectedtogether, a vertical conveyer mounted under the primary run of thehorizontal conveyer adapted to support the flasks mounted within therings on said run, flask weights adapted to be located on the sand inthe flasks as they travel on the primary run, means for pouring moltenmetal into the flasks, said parts being intermittently driven, means forlifting the flask weights off the flasks after passing the pour ingpoint, pivoted bottom boards carried by the ring conveyer, means forreleasing the bottom boards, means for forcing the sand and casting outof each flask, means for separating the sand from the casting, apparatusfor tempering or moistening the sand after it leaves the flask, meansfor mixing the sand,a conveyer for returning the san to the moldingmachine, and means for separating the metallic particles from the sandon its way from the flasks to the molding machine.
6. The combination in a casting apparatus, of a series of flaskconveyers a molding machine geared to each conveyer, a
transverse conveyer adapted to supply molten metal for use at any one ofthe flask conveyers,'means for removing the sand and castings from theflasks, a conveyer for each unit for receiving the castings andconveying them to the tumbling room, and a transverse conveyer toreceive the imperfect castings and sprues from the several conveyers ofthe different units and deposit them at a common delivery point.
7. The combination in a casting apparatus, of a number of moldingmachines, a
conveyer for each machine, the direction of travel of the conveyerforming a considerable angle with a line passing through the moldingmachines, a core storage located substantially in line with the moldingma chines, and a traveling crane or other conveying device adapted totransport cores from the core storage to any one of the moldingmachines. 7
In testimony whereof, I- have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.
JOHN -WILSON BROWN, JR. Witnesses:
' WM. E. SHUPE, WM. A. BARR.
| 2024-03-22 | 1910-01-08 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1912-05-21"
} |
US-38925020-A | Bubble-pipe
J. E. DORRIS.
BUBBLE PIPE.
' APPLICATION FILED JUNE 15, 1920. 1,381,458,
Patented J 11116 14, 1921.
PATENT OFFICE.
JOHN E. DORRIS, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.
BUBBLE-PIPE.
Application filed June 15,
T 0 all who-m it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOHN E. DORRIS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Bubble-Pipes, of which thefollowing is a specification.
This invent-ion relates to a soap bubble pipe by which a large number ofbubbles can be blown from a single charge.
It is the object of this invention to produce a pipe of this characterwhich is simple and compact in construction, which can be manufacturedat a moderate cost, and which can be conveniently carried in ones pocketwithout danger of its leaking.
A further object of the invention is to provide ellicientand reliablemeans for intermittently feeding the soapy-water from the main reservoirto the supplemental or exit chamber.
In the accompanying drawings; Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinalsection of one form of my improvement. Figs. 2 and 3 are horizontalsections thereof on the correspondingly numbered lines in Fig. 1. Fig.4: is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing a modified construction. Fig. 5is a horizontal section on line 5-5, Fig. 4.
Similar characters of referenceindicate corresponding parts throughoutthe several views.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1-3, the bubble pipecomprises a tubular body 10, preferably of cigar-shaped form andconstructed of two half sections made of wood, clay or similar materialand permanently secured together with glue, cement or other adhesive.This body is provided with a mouth piece or portion 11 at its uppercontracted end and an exit or outlet passage 12 preferably ofupwardly-tapering form, at its other end. Arranged in the upper portionof this body and extending the major part of its length is a mainreservoir or chamber 13 for containing soapy-water, while in the lowerportion thereof is a supplemental chamber 1% which is adapted tointermittently receive a small quantity of the soapy water from the mainreservoir for blowing a small number of bubbles. The main reservoir andsupplemental chamber are separated or divided by a diaphragm orpartition 15 which is provided with a connecting passage16. ThisSpecification of Letters Patent.
Patented June 14, 1921.
1920. Serial No. 389,250.
passage is controlled by a suitable gravity valve 17, constructed oflead or similar material, which is adapted to open upwardly toward themouth piece 11. Thestem 18 of this valve extends vertically downwardthrough the passage 16' and is provided at lts lower end with a head 19which serves as a stop for limiting the opening movement of said valve.
Connecting the mouth piece-11 of the pipe with the supplemental chamber14.- and preferably extending through the main reservoir 13 anddiaphragm 15 is an air blowing passage or tube 20 which may beconstructted of thin metal tubing, glass or similar maeria To permit offilling the main reservoir with soapy water, it is provided in its upperend with an opening 21 closed by a suitable plug 22.
After filling the reservoir 13, the user shakes. the pipe smartly toopen the valve 17 and allow a small quantity of the soapy Water to enterthe supplemental chamber 14 through the passage 16 in the diaphragm.Upon blowing through the air tube 20, the film, extending over the'lowerend of the exit passage 12 will be formed into a bubble, and uponshaking it off by a slight jerk of the pipe to one side, and blowingagain, another bubble will be formed, and so on until the supplementalchamber is exhausted, when the pipe is again shaken smartly, to allowthe gravity valve to open and admit another supply to said chamber.
In the modification shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the body of the pipe iscylindrical in shape, and comprises a tube 25 of glass, wood or othermaterial, being open at either end and having a mouth piece 26 securedin its upper end and an exit or outlet plug 27 secured in its lower end.The tube is divided by a diaphragm 28 into a main reservoir 29 and asupplemental chamber 30, the passage in the diaphragm being controlledby a valve 17 identical with that of the preferred construction. Themouth piece is connected with the supplemental chamber by an air tube31. The members 26, 27 and 28 may be made of wood or similar materialand suitably held in the glass tube 25.
As a whole, this bubble pipe is exceedingly simple in construction, andbeing composed of few parts, can be manufactured at a low cost.Furthermore, it is compact and non-leakable, rendering it capable ofbeing carried in ones pocket.
I claim as my invention:
1. A soap bubble pipe comprising a main reservoir for soapy water, asupplemental chamber disposed in substantial alinement with said mainreservoir and having an outlet passage, a diaphragm separating saidreservoir from said supplemental chamber and having a passage thereinconnecting the latter and said reservoir, a gravity valve controllingsaid passage, and an air tube extending through said reservoir and com-Inunicating with said supplemental chamber.
2. A soap bubble pipe comprising a tubular body having a mouthpiece atone end and an outlet passage at its other end, a main reservoir forsoapy water arranged in the upper portion of said body, a supplementalchamber arranged in the lower portion of said body and communicatingwith said outlet passage, a diaphragm dividing said reservoir and saidsupplemental chamber and having a passage therein connecting the latterand said reservoir, a gravity valve controlling said passage, and an airtube connecting said mouthpiece with said supplemental chamber.
'3. A soap bubble pipe comprising a tubular body having a mouthpiece atone end and an outlet passage at its other end, a main reservoir forsoapywaterarranged in the upper portion of said body and extending themajor portion of its length, a supplemental chamber arranged in thelower portion of said body and communicating with said outlet passage, adiaphragm dividing said reservoir and said supplemental chamber andhaving passages therein, a gravity valve controlling oneof sai-dpassages, and an air tube connecting said mouthpiece with saidsupplemental chamber and having its lower end arranged in the otherpassage or" said diaphragm.
4;. A soap bubble pipe comprising a main reservoir for soapy water, asupplemental chamber arranged directly below said reservoir and havingan exit passage, a diaphragm dividing the latter andsaid supplementalchamber and provided with a passage, a gravity valve controlling saidpassage and opening toward said reservoir, a stop for limiting theopening movement of said valve, an air passage extending centrallythrough said reservoir and communicating with said supplemental chamber,and a filling opening-arranged in the upper portion of said reservoir.
JOHN E. DORRIS.
| 2024-03-22 | 1920-06-15 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1921-06-14"
} |
US-73330558-A | Method and apparatus for the production of envelopes with gummed closing flaps
July 12, 1960 Filed May 6, 1958 w. DOETSCH 2,944,470 METHOD ANDAPPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENVELOPES wrm GUMMED CLOSING FLAPS 4Sheets-Sheet l W. DOETSCH METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OFJuly 12,1960
ENVELOPES WITH GUMMED CLOSING FLAPS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 6, 195822min & 3
Q a ii A 3 a 3 1 2 3 a. Q
lnrenlar W/A #64 M 0057-507 5 W W y 1960 w. DOETSCH 2,944,470
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENVELOPES WITH GUMMED CLOSINGFLAPS Filed May e, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet s nya In yenlar w/z/va/vwzzs'osJuly 12, 1960 w, DQETSCH 2,944,470
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENVELOPES WITH GUMMED CLQSINGFLAPS Filed May 6, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 f States' Fatemj 1 g enema Ju y12, 9
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUC- TION F ENVELOPES WITH GUMMED CLOS-ING FLAPS I Wilhelm Doetsch, Augustinusstrasse 11, Neuss (Rhine),
Germany Filed May 6, 1958, Ser. No. 733,305
Claims priority, application Germany June 13, 1957 2 Claims. (CI; 93-62)For'producing letter envelopeswith gummed closing flaps a method isknown according to which the blanks taken from a pile of sheets areheated over a heating drum on the side remote from the gummed side withthe object of heating the edges of the closing flaps to be gummed. Inthis method in which the stacked blanks are conducted over the heatingdrum, the heat must always pene- I W irate through the whole pile ofpaper so as to heat the freely projecting edges of the flaps. A'saresult it'may happen', especially in the case of thick paper, thatthesheets located nearest the heating element become hardening andheating the surfaces of the closing flaps to be gumn led;
Fig. 5 shows a device for straightening up the blanks in top plan view,and I I Fig. 6 is a top plan view of a device for folding over the sideand bottom flaps.
According to the method illustrated by way of example in Fig. 1, instage I the blanks are withdrawn from the pile of blanks according tothe gulmmed width of the edges of the closing flaps and are brought by aconveyor track into the position necessary'for applying the gum. Afterthe surfaces of the closing flaps which are to be gummed have beensmoothed and heated, the application of the gum on these heatedsurfacesof the closing flaps is scorched, whereas the uppermost flaps arenot-sufficiently heated to dry the gum which is subsequentlyapplied} fThe object of the invention is to devise a method of producing envelopeswherein the above-mentioned objections are overcomeand importantadvantages both'fro'm a technical as well'as from an economical point.of view are attained; 1
'The method according to the invention ischaractertized in that theblanks taken from a pile of sheets oraroll of paper and cut to shape andsize are assembled in a continuous paper web with the edgesof theclosing flaps staggered one below the otherand one behind the "other,
and the exposed surfaces of the flaps tobe gummed are smoothed, hardenedand heated by an ironing process, the gum is then applied on thesmoothed heated flap sur faces and dried, whereupon the foremost anduppermost i of the blanks forming the layer of gummed' blanks isstraightened up, thereby widening the spacing of the staggering, iswithdrawn from the layer of blanks and then finally folded and stuckdown. I
,The method according to the invention possesses the advantage thatpreferably onlythe surfaces oftheclosing flaps to be gummed are heatedand at the same time the surface of the paper to be gummed issmoothedand hardened. The gum subsequently app-lied cannot thereforepenetrate the paper and hardens directly on the heated surface. T hedrying process is thereby considerably accelerated. Moreover thequantity of gum to be applied can be far less.
The invention also relates to a machine or anapparatus for carrying outthis new method and comprises a device for, receiving the pile composedof blanks cut to shape and size, a device for removing the blanks fromthe pile, a conveying device for transporting the blanks, a device forindividually separating the blanks and a device for folding and stickingthe envelopes.
The machine is characterized in that it comprises means tion, means forsmoothing and hardening as wellas heat ing the surfaces of theclosingfiaps to be gunnned, means for straightening up the blanks in theposition necessary for folding andsticking, and, means for folding'iandsticking the. side and bottom flaps.
Other-.featuresuof the invention will be hereinafter disfor pulling theblanks from the pile in staggered formar carried out in stage II.Instage III the applied gum dries and the staggering is widenedslightly, whereupon the blank which is actually foremost and uppermostis quickly straightened up'and withdrawn from the layer of blanks and isthen in stage 1V. In the subsequent stages V to Vllof the method, theside flaps a are folded over, the gum b is applied for subsequentlysticking the bottom flap c, the bottom fiap'c is folded over and theclosing flap closed.
As can be seen from Fig. 2, the lowermost blank of the pile 1 is grippedby the suction holes 2 in the suction shaft 3 at the point of the bottomflap and bent away from the pile. As soon as the bent portion of theblank comes within the range of the compressed air nozzles 4 it isforced by the compressed air passing out of the nozzles on to a belt 5which is driven by the cylinders 6, 7' and guided over the rollers 8, 9and 10. When the blank arrives on the belt 5 with its bottom flap inadvance, the rollers 11 move'towards the pile of blanks 1 and pull theblank forward a distance corresponding to the width of that portion ofthe closing flap to be gummed. While the blank is being carried along,the rollers 11 return into their initial position, the next followingblank being withdrawn from the pile 1 (Fig. 3) by the suction shaft '3and fed to the rollers 11 now again moving towards the pile .1. I
The layer of blanks staggered by the belt 5 and th rollers 11 is thenguided under the conveyor belt 14 driven by the drum 13 and passes overthis drum 13 between the pairs of belts 5 and 14. The free edges of theclosing flaps are smoothed out, hardened and heated by means of theironing plate 15 (Fig. 4) movably mounted on the shaft 16. Thereupon thegum is applied on the smoothed and heated surfaces of the closing flapsby means of the cylinder 18 mounted in the gum bath 17. The layer ofstaggered and gummed blanks passing out from between the pairs ofconveyor belts 5, 1 4 is taken over by the disc wheels 19 and therollers 20. The supplementary rollers 21 assist the layer in running inunder the belts 22. The speed of the disc wheels 19 and of the conveyorbelts 22 is somewhat higher than that of the conveyor belts 5, 14,- sothat the staggering spacing is slightly increased and the edges of theclosing flaps do not stick together. The conveyor belts 22 are driven bythe cylinders 23' and 24 and guided by the rollers 25, 26,
27 and 28. The heated edges of the closing flaps are cooled and the gumdried completely on the path to the cylinder 29 by means of cold air,fed through the passage 7 porarily on the belts 22, is taken over by therollers 32, 33 and passed on to the conveyor belt 34 running at a higherspeed and the counter rollers 35. These rollers 35 are adjustable insucha manner that they can grip the foremost and uppermost blank when it isreleased by the rollers, 33. I The conveyor belt 34 is driven at suchaspeed that although the blanks still remain, staggered, the spacing oftheir staggering is considerably increased. From this layer of staggeredblanks the foremost blank is picked up by its flap trailing behind withthe aid of the suction shaft 36 provided with suction aperture 37 and islifted off the layer of blanks. Fingers 39 (Fig. are provided on rollers38 and grip the blank at its rear fold corner incisions and carry it tothe withdrawing cylinders 40, 41, at the same time dressing orstraightening it up, whereupon these cylinders promptly withdraw itcompletely from the layer of blanks. The upper withdrawing cylinder 43is equipped with blades 42, 43 adj ustable in relation to each other andhas in its peripheral surface an aperture which allows the free entranceof the advance bottom flap. As the blank passes between the, rollers 40,41 it is creased by means of the creasing blades 42, 43 to facilitatethe subsequent folding over of the bottom and closing flaps. In passingfrom the cylinders 44, 45 to the cylinders 46, 47 the blank comes underthe folding blades 48 (Fig. 6) which are adjustable in such a mannerthat the distance between their outer edges corresponds to the creaselines for the side flaps. The travel to the cylinders '46, '47 isassisted by the conveyor belt 49 with the counter rollers 50. With theaid of compressed air nozzles 51 the two side flaps located outside thecrease lines are raised, then folded over between the cylinders 44, 46by belts 53 circulating in the form of a loop over the cylinders 45, 46and 52 and finally pressed down in passing between the cylinders 46, 47.The loop shape of the endless circulating belts 53 is produced by thefact that the contact side is reversed in the upper strand like a Mobiusbelt. The envelope blank continues to travel towards the conveyor andfolding cylinder 54 and is gripped by the suction apertures 55 directlybehind the crease line for the bottom flap. At the same time the pointof the bottom flap pointing ahead is raised by compressed air passingout of the aperture 56 and is guided over the creasing shaft 57. Gum ispreviously applied to the front edges of the side flaps by the gummingdevice 58 which receives gum from the cylinders 66 mounted in the gumbath 59. The envelope running out from between the cylinders 54, 57passes over a guide plate 61 between the cylinders 62, 63 and isconducted thereby into the folding pocket 64. Adjustable abutments 65are arranged in the folding pocket 64 and determine the height of thefold, and in the course of the further transport of the envelope betweenthe cylinders 62, 63 the closing flap is folded over between thecylinders 62, 66, the direction of travel of the envelope being thereby'reversed. The finished folded envelope running out frombetween thecylinders 62, 66 is then guided by the curved plate 67 between theconveyor belts running over the cylinders 68, 69 and 70 and the disc 72,from which it is conveyed by the plate 73 against the adjustable stops74 and stood on the delivery table 75.
I claim:
1. Machine for producing 'gummed envelopes comprising, in combination,means for withdrawing blanks individually and successively from a sourceof supply and forming a continuous web of blanks arranged in staggeredformation having the edges of the closing flaps to be gummed exposed,means for smoothing, hardening and heating said exposed edges, means forapplying gum to said heated edges, means for cooling said gummed edges,means for straightening up and advancing the foremost and uppermost'blank of the web, means for removing the advanced blanks successivelyfrom the web, means for folding over the side flaps of the blank, meansfor applying gum for sticking the side flaps and the bottom flap of eachblank, means for folding over the bottom flap, means for folding overthe closing flap and means for collecting the finished folded envelopes,and a transporting system interconnecting said aforementioned means,said means for smoothing, hardening and heating said exposed edgesincluding a flat ironing device arranged in the path of said web adaptedto engage .the surfaces of the said exposed edges to be gummed,subsequent to said means for withdrawing said blanks, and preceding saidmeans for applying gum, said straightening up and removing means furthercomprising a rotary suction shaft for raising up the foremost blank ofthe gummed web and a rotary cam shaft cooperating with said suctionshaft for straightening and discharging the raised blank from the web.
,2. Machine for producing gummed envelopes comprising, in combination,means for withdrawing blanks individually and successively from a sourceof supply and forming a continuous web of blanks arranged in stag-vgered formation having the edges of the closing flaps to be gummedexposed, means for smoothing, hardening and heating said exposed edges,means for applying gum to said heated edges, means for cooling saidgummed edges, means for straightening up and advancing the foremost anduppermost blank of the web, means for removing the advanced blankssuccessively from the web, means for folding over the side flaps of theblank, means for applying gum'for sticking the side flaps and the bottomflap of each blank, means for folding over the bottom flap, means forfolding over the closing flap and means for collecting the finishedfolded envelopes, and a transporting system interconnecting saidaforementioned means, said means for smoothing, hardening and heatingsaid exposed edges including a flat ironing device arranged in the pathof said web adapted to engage the surfaces of the said exposed edges tobe gummed, subsequent to said means for withdrawing said blanks, andpreceding said means for applying gum, 'said side flap folding meansfurther comprising belt loops for folding over the side flaps of theenvelopes and air nozzles coordinated to these loops for lifting the twoside flaps outside the folding lines.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS307,079 Sickels Oct. 21, 1884 2,367,856 Ettl Jan. 23, 1945 2,746,364Welsh May 22, 1956 2,770,176 Novick Nov. 13, 1956 2,791,161 Doetsch May7, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 172,287 Germany June 21, 1906
| 2024-03-22 | 1958-05-06 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1960-07-12"
} |
US-129692D-A | Improvement in loom-shuttles
E. A. TH-ISSELL.
Improvement in Loom-Shuttles.
No. 129,692, Patente dj uly23, 1872.
formed in the body of the shuttle. shield, placed between the spring andheel of PATENT OFFICE.
EARL AMRI THISSELL, or LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.
IMPROVEMENT IN LOONi-SHUTTLES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 129,692, datedJuly 23,1 872.
Specification describing certain Improvements in Loom-Shuttles, inventedby EARL AMRI THIssELL, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and Stateof Massachusetts.
My invention relates to an improvement in the mechanism for holding thespindle of the shuttle in its extreme positions, while permitting it tobe freely moved from one extreme position to the other when desired; andconsists in the combination, with the shuttle-body and the spindle, andthe spring which presses against the heel of the spindle, of a socketformed in the body of the shuttle to contain the spring, and a shield ofthin metal placed over one end of the spring upon which the heel of theshuttle presses; the object of my invention being to produce a shuttlein which the spring has a 'freer movement than has heretofore beenattained, and also to cheapen the manufacture of shuttles.
A represents a section of aportion of a shuttle-body; B, a portion ofthe spindle; (J, the
pivot; D, the spring, placed in the socket E F is a the spindle. Theshield is simply a'small piece of steel plate with a portion bent atright angles, or nearly so, the object of this bent portion being toprevent the shield from slipping from its positionin one direction, thestock of the shuttle confining it in other directions. This shield is ofa forirrwhich is most cheaply made, and, having no spindle within thespring, all friction of the spring and tendency to cramp against thespindle is obviated and the spring is free to bend laterally as the heelof the spindle is pressed from one extreme position to the other. Whenthe spindle is closed, or when it is open, as in the drawing, the heelrests to one side of the axis of the spring, and the spring iscompressed more on that side. In moving the spindle from that positionthe spring must be compressed, not only by the amount due to the curvedpath and the peculiar form of the heel, asin other shuttles withspindles actuated by spiral springs, but also by the amount the springunder the heel is compressed more than the middle portion, or theportion near the axis. This arrangement produces in a high degree thepeculiar action desired in a shuttle-sprin g, the resistance to movementin the spindle bein g'mainly in the first portion of the path movedover.
The shuttle here shown is arranged with a well-known device for holdinga bobbin in position on the spindle, which device is omitted when theinvention is applied to a cop-shuttle.
The spindle is held in position against the resistance of the spring ineach of its extreme positions by abutting against the shuttle-body atpoints H H in the drawing.
I do not claim the spiral spring acting on the heel of the spindle.
I claim- The combination of the shield F, substantially as described,with the spring D, the socket E, the spindle B, the pivot G, and theshuttle A.
EARL AMRI THISSELL.
Witnesses:
NATHANIEL HILL, S. W. HUsE.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
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"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1872-07-23"
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US-54957831-A | Explosive
i5 Dynamites which Patented Dec. 19, 1933 EXPLOSIVE Norman G. Johnson,
to E. I.
Woodbury, du Pont de Nemours &
N. J., asslgnor Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation oi Delaware NoDrawing. Application July 8, 1931 Serial No. 549,578
10 Claims.
My invention relates particularly to improved nongelatinous dynamitecompositions and more especially to dynamite compositions of apulverulent or granular nature which will flow or 5 pour freely.
Explosives of the dynamite type are commonly termed high explosives indistinction from explosives such as black powder, which are designatedas low explosives, the difference in 10 terminology between high and lowexplosives coming from the differing velocities of combustion. Whereas,explosives such as black powder burn at velocities in the neighborhoodof 300 m/sec. for columns of explosives approximately 1%" in diameter,high explosives such as dynamites are consumed so rapidly that thedecomposition is termed detonation, the velocity of detonation in thecase of dynamites ranging from 1200 to 6000 m/sec. for 1%" cartridges.The high velocity of dynamites is due commonly to the presence ofnitroglycerin in the formula.
Black blasting powder has ordinarily been used in the past in granularform, in which form the powder could be loaded into the borehole simplyby pouring. Dynamites, on the other hand, have-customarily been put upin much different form. The usual method of packaging dynamites has beento punch the material tightly into the paper shells of the cartridges.These shells have then been folded over or crimped at the two ends. Whenthus packed, the dynamite has usualLv been shot directly in the wrapper,the paper container being considered an ingredient of the dynamite. Withsuch a method of use of dynamites the possession of good pouring or freeflowing properties was obviously of no advantage.
Occasions frequently arise, however, where it is very desirable to beable to pour the dynamite into the bore-hole, as is the case whengranular black powder is used. In order to do this it is necessary thatthe dynamite be removed from the cartridge, either by direct removal ofthe entire shell or by the unfolding of one end of the cartridge, sothat the dynamite may be poured out. The more convenient method 01'using high explosives which are to be loaded in such a manner is to usean explosive which has been packed in bags in the first place, rathersothan in cartridges. Because of the physical properties of the usualdynamite compositions,
these explosives are not adapted to such a method of use and have theproperty of flowing freely to a very slight extent, if at all.
can' be loaded by pouring in the bore-hole are frequently desired inquarrying work. It is often advantageous to use small diameter holes,not more than 2 inches in diameter for example, because of the saving indrill- 0 ing costs. In such cases it is the practice often (Cl. 521l) tochamber the holes, that is to-say, to set off successive shots in thebottom of the hole until this part has been enlarged to a considerablyincreased volume. In blasting such chambered holes, the use offree-running explosives is particularly advantageous, since suchexplosives will fill the enlarged portion of the hole almost completely.
The high explosives used in such work prior to the present inventionhave ordinarily contained a large amount of sodium nitrate in theircompositions, together with ammonium nitrate usually, and carbonaceouscombustible materials, while small percentages of nitroglycerin havecustomarily been used as sensitizing agent and explosive ingredient.Sodium nitrate has frequently been used in such explosives in amounts upto -60 per cent by weight of the entire explosive composition. Whereasthe explosives of such nature heretofore in use have given satisfactoryresults in generaltheir properties have not been all that could bedesired with respect to their ability to pour freely into the bore-hole.
The object of my invention is to produce a new and. improved explosivecomposition for such use, which possesses all the advantages inexplosive properties of the dynamite previously used and which has inaddition the property of flowing freely to an unusual degree. Furtherobjects will be apparent as the description of my invention proceeds.
I have discovered that this desirable result is obtained by the use ofan improved form of sodium nitrate or other metallic nitrate in place 01the common form previously used. Whereas the nitrate in general use insuch explosives has consisted of very finely ground material of eithernatural or synthetic origin, or of material of varying forms and crystalsize, I find it desirable to use a metallic nitrate in the form of smallspherical pellets. While the nitrate used will preferably be sodiumnitrate, because of its advantages from the economic point of view, andfrom the point of view of oxidizing properties, I do not intend to belimited in my invention to this material. Potassium nitrate, calciumnitrate and other metallic nitrates in the form of pellets are intendedto be included within the scope of my invention. Also, a mixture ofthese nitrates may be used for this purpose.
The pelleted material described above will be strikingly diiferent fromthe ordinary sodium nitrate as used in explosives. The materialpreviously available has ordinarily been ground to a definite degree offineness but the particles are present in a variety of different shapesand forms. Improved pelleted material, on the other hand, exists in theform of smallballs of such size that they should ordinarily pass an8-mesh sieve and be held on 30-mesh. The process by which said pelletsmay be obtained may vary within wide limits. One process consists ofhaving a molten material sprayed through small openings into a coolinggaseous mixture where the material will immediately harden to smallspherical pellets, usually somewhat hollow in nature. Various othermethods of forming the pellets are available also.
1am aware that ammonium nitrate in the form of coarse grains and ofhollow spherical granules has been used in explosive compositions. Suchforms of this material for use in dynamites are described in U. S.Patent 1,113,- 275 (Woodbury) and in U. S. Patent 1,613,335 (Symmes).However, the use of pelleted ammonium nitrate is not suitable toaccomplish the objects of the present invention. Ammonium nitrate in theform of hollow granules was used by the foregoing investigators for thepurpose of obtaining a low density dynamite. Explosives containing suchgranules of ammonium nitrate could not be, or remain, free-runningbecause of the great hygroscopicity of the compound, which would tend tocause it to cake.
By the use of sodium nitrate or other solid metallic nitrate, in thedesired pelleted form in dynamite compositions, I obtain a highexplosive of extraordinary properties, which is perfectly adapted to thedesired use where a free-running explosive is wanted. An explosivecontaining such pellets may be poured into a borehole in such manner asto fill completely all the crevices of the bore-hole, without need oftamping.
While various compositions of ingredients may be used according to myinvention in the manufacture of free-running explosives, the followingwill illustrate one satisfactory composition:
While I have described specifically the use of sodium nitrate inpelleted form in the above illustration, it should be understood thatany solid metallic nitrate in pelleted form may be used in place of it.I may prefer also to use only a portion of the sodium nitrate or othermetallic nitrate present in the explosive in the form of pelletedmaterial, a suflicient percentage of pelleted nitrate being present togive the desired free-running properties to the explosive.
From the foregoing description of my invention it will be apparent thatI do not intend to be limited except as indicated in the followingpatent claims:
I claim:
1. A non-gelatinous dynamite composition. containing as an ingredient asolid metallic nitrate in the form of spherical pellets.
2. A non-gelatinous dynamite composition, containing as an ingredient analkali metal nitrate in the form of spherical pellets.
3. A non-gelatinous dynamite composition, containing as an ingredientsodium nitrate in the form of spherical pellets.
'4. A free-flowing non-gelatinous dynamite composition, containing as aningredient a solid metallic nitrate in the form of spherical pellets.
5. A free-flowing non-gelatinous dynamite composition, containing as aningredient an alkali metal nitrate in the form of spherical pellets.
6. A free-flowing non-gelatinous composition, containing as aningredient sodium nitrate in the form of spherical pellets.
7. A free-flowing non-gelatinous composition, containing as aningredient potassium nitrate in the form of spherical pellets.
8. A free-flowing non-gelatinous composition,
containing as an ingredient calcium nitrate in the form of sphericalpellets.
9. A free-flowing non-gelatinous composition, containing as aningredient sodium nitrate in the form of spherical pellets, of such sizethat they will pass a sieve having 8 meshes to the inch and will be heldon a sieve having 30 meshes to the inch.
10. A free-flowing non-gelatinous dynamite, comprising 3 to 20 per centnitroglycerin, 20 to '70 per cent spherical pelleted sodium nitrate, 5to 20 per cent carbonaceous combustible material, and an antacid.
NORMAN G. JOHNSON.
| 2024-03-22 | 1931-07-08 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
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"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1933-12-19"
} |
US-28698739-A | Clutch
July 28, 1942. W. T. DUNN 2,291,151
GGGG CH Y l w 1 NVENTOR -m'zzz-M Timm. E75 Bwmmfww A TT ORNE YS.
Patented July 2s, 1942 CLUTCH William T. Dunn, Detroit, Mich., assignorto Chrysler Corporation, Highland Park, Michl., a
corporation of Delaware Application July 28, 1939, Serial No. 286,987
8 Claims.
This invention relates to clutches and particularly to those typeshaving engageable clutching elements that are disengageable while -underload.
The principal object of the invention is to provide a clutch yforreleasably clutching together two relatively rotatable parts of amachine or the like, the clutching members thereof being releasablewhile running under load.
Other objects and advantages will readily become apparent to thoseskilled in the art as the description progresses. l
For a description of two of the preferred forms of my inventionreference is made to the accompanying drawing in which referencenumerals are used to designate corresponding parts referred to in thefollowing specification.
In the drawing:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of my improved clutch.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional View of the same.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a part-sectional view of a modified form of my invention.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view along line 6 6 of Fig. 5, and
Fig. 7 is a sectional view along line 1 1 of Fig. 2.
Referring now to Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, and
Fig. 7, a typical arrangement of parts utilizing my improved clutch isillustrated. I0 designates a driving shaft and II a driven shaft. Thedriving shaft I0 has a male clutch member I2 suitably non-rotatablyfastened thereon as by means of splines I3.. The member I2 is providedon a portion of its outer periphery with a .plurality of spline-like,projections I4, the flanks thereof being shaped to form substantiallysemi-cylindrical grooves between adjacent pairs of splines as shown inFig. 7. These splines are discontinued some distance from one end of themember I2, as indicated at I5, this portion of the clutch member beingof true cylindrical form.
A female clutch member or sleeve I8 is slidably carried on the drivenshaft II and driving- 1y connected thereto by means of balls I1 and I8.
The latter have a common carrier I9 free to move with the balls andveach pair of longitudinally aligned balls is received within a pair ofsubstantially semi-cylindrically shaped radially juxtapositioned groovesor splines 2II and 2| formed 65 in the shaft II and the clutch member IBrespectively, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4.
The clutch mem-ber I6 is also provided with an outwardly stepped portionI6 which has a set of splines or grooves 22 of substantiallysemi-cylindrical shape formed therein. The splines 22 are adapted toreceive the balls 23 which are maintained in correctly spaced relationby the carrier 24, the latter being movable independently of the membersI2 and IB.
In Fig. 2 the clutch is shown in disengaged Iposition, the driving shaftII) vunder such conditions being free to rotate relative to the shaft II and clutch member I6, the balls 23 partaking of a combined rolling andsliding motion relative to the cylindrical surface I5 and the surfaces-22 of the splines. When the clutch is in engaged Dosition, the balls 23engage both the spline grooves 22 and the spline grooves I4, it beingapparent that under such conditions, a drive connection lbetween membersIII and II is established, the balls 23 being pinched or wedged betweenrespectively opposite sides of the grooves.
The clutch member I6 is adapted to be moved into engaged or drivingposition by means of the fork 25 which is movable by the shift lever 28`as indicated. Movement of the mem-ber I6 towand the left of Fig. 2 underconditions when the shafts I0 and II are rotating substantially insynchronism, or when theyfare stationary, lwill cause the balls 23 to berolled into the spline grooves I4 thereby establishing a positiveclutching relation between the clutch members I2 and I6 through theintermediary of the balls 23 and the spline grooves Il and 22.
Disengagement of the member I6 from drive relation with respect to themember I2 may be made at any time, even under full driving torque simplyby moving the member I6 toward the right of Fig. 2, the balls Il. I8 and23 rolling in the grooves until the balls 23 have been moved out of thegrooves Il.
The spline grooves Il, 20, 2| and 22 are preferably cylindrical in form,but of a radius slightly larger than the radius of the balls to lbereceived therein in order that the parts may fit tightly together yetpermit easy rolling of the balls longitudinally of the grooves withoutundue resistance due to friction.
y In order to minimize possibility of sliding between the balls I1, I8and the surfaces of the grooves 20 and 2|,.the member I6 may be heatedbefore it is assembled with the shaft II and the balls I'I, I8.Subsequent cooling will then cause the member .I6 to "shrink" and atight, rollingI nt will be assured, the balls being placed undercompression. The same treatment may be accorded the member I2 to assurea tight, rolling llt between the grooves Il, 22 and the balls 23, butbecause of the fact that some sliding action is necessary between balls22 and the members Il and i3 when the clutch is in disengaged position,an extremely tight fit is not desired. In some cases it might even bedesirable to slightly taper the surface il toward the inner end of theshaft by grinding in order to minimize friction during sliding actionwhen the clutch is disengaged. In any case, the balls 23 are loadedsufiiciently so that under normal conditions no sliding will take placeduring longitudinal movement of the clutch sleeve I8, pure rollingaction being desired in order that ease of shifting is enhanced.
Under ordinary conditions the clutch member I3 will be retained inengaged or disengaged position because of the frictional load on theballs due to driving torque, but if desired, some form of detent meanssuch as is usually provided in conjunction with shiftable powertransmission members may be provided.
In shifting the member I8 from engaged to disengaged position, andvice-versa, the ball Acenters will, of course, travel longitudinally ofthe assem-bly only one half of the distance traversed by the movableclutch member; thus a compact unit is made possible. Movement of themember I3 toward the right of Fig. 2 is limited by the outwardly curvedtermini 21 of the splines 2l, but in case there should be some slidingbetween the member I6 and the balls I1, I8 due to wear, a snap ring 28is provided to-retain the parts in correctly assembled relation. A ballretaining ring 29 secured to the inner end of the sha/ft i0 by a snapring 33 also assists in retaining the parts in correct relationship. Thesnap rings 28 ami 2! are adapted to engage the balls 23 therebypreventing separation of the parts should slippage occur therebetween.
Movement of the member i3 toward the left of Fig. 2 is limited byengagement of the radially innermost portion of member I6 with the ring29.
In order to facilitate quiet engagement and disengagement of the balls23 with the splines Il, the ends 3| of the spline teeth may be beveledor rounded olf if desired.
Figs. and 6 illustrate a modlcation of the invention wherein apolygonally-shaped cam 32 is formed on the outer surface of the maleclutch member i2 instead of splines or grooves. The cam 32 comprises aplurality -of preferably flat surfaces each of which is adapted toengage one of the balls 23. 'I'he inner surface of the portion i3' ofthe female clutch member is cylindrical, as indicated at 33, instead ofsplined as in Fig. 2.
In Figs. 5 and 6 the clutch is shown in engaged position. Upon drivingtorque being imposed upon shaft Il the rollers 23 will be pinchedbetween the surface 33 and the high positions of the cam surfaces 32 anddrive will be transmitted from member I2 to member Il and thence toshaft Il through, the balls II, I3. Under such conditions the drivebetween shafts il and Il may be released by sliding the member, I6toward the left of Fig. 5 which action will roll the balls 23 out ofcontact with the cam 32 and into contact with the cylindrical surfaceI5. When thus disengaged the balls 23 have pure rolling movement withrespect to both the surface Il' and the surface 33 which are bothcylindrical. The Fig. 5 clutch is in other respects like that of Fig. 2and .comm
But two of the many embodiments of which the invention is capable havebeen illustrated, and it is obvious that various changes in the size andshape of the parts as well as in the positions of the clutching andnon-clutching portions will suggest themselves to those skilled in theart. It is therefore not intended to limit the scope of the invention inits broader aspects except as set forth in the claims appended hereto.
Having thus described my invention, that which I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is:
1. In combination, rotatable co-acting power transmitting members havingmeans for positively engaging with one another; said means comprising anaxially disposed groove formed in each of said members, a ball engagingsaid grooves; and means for moving one of said members relative to theother to thereby roll said ball out of engagement with at least one ofsaid grooves whereby relative rotation between the members is permitted.
2. In combination, rotatable co-acting power transmitting membersdisposed in telescoping relationship and having releasable means forpositively engaging with one another; said means comprising an axialgroove formed in one of said members, a ball disposed in said groove, anaxial groove formed in the other of said members adapted to engage saidball, and means for rolling said ball into and out of said lastmentioned groove, said last mentioned groove being beveled at its endsto facilitate entrance of said ball therein.
3. In combination, rotatable co-acting power transmitting members havingaxially extending radially juxtapositioned cylindrical surfaces,releasable means for drivingly engaging said members comprising a balldisposed in rolling contact with said surfaces, a cam formed on one ofsaid members adjacent the cylindrical surface thereof, said cam being ofsuch configuration that it is adapted to wedge said ball between itselfand the cylindrical surface of said other member upon rotation of one ofsaid members, and means for shifting one of said members relatively tothe other whereby said ball is rolled into contact with said cam.
4. In combination, a pair of coaxially disposed power transmittingmembers; means for releasably connecting said members in drivingrelation comprising a coupling sleeve slidable with respect to saidmembers, said sleeve and said re spective members having pairs ofradially juxtapositioned axially disposed grooves. and at least one ofsaid members having a cylindrical portion disposed adjacent the groovedportion thereof, a ball disposed in each of said pairs of grooves, andmeans for sliding said coupling sleeve in one direction relative to saidmembers thereby to roll the ball disposed in the groove adjacent saidcylindrical portion out of said groove into contact with saidcylindrical portion and in the opposite direction to roll said ball intosaid groove.
5. In combination, a pair of ooaxially disposed power transmittingmembers; means for releasably connecting said members in drivingrelation comprising a coupling sleeve slidable with respect to saidmembers, one of said members and said sleeve having a pair of radiallyjuxtapositioned axially disposed grooves, a ball disposed in saidgrooves and drivingly connecting said members; the other of said membersand said sleeve having radially juxtapositioned cylindrical surfaces; acam surface disposed axially adjacent one of said cylindrical surfaces;a ball disposed between the said other member and said sleeve andadapted to be rolled into contact with either said cam sur face or saidadjacent cylindrical surface by sliding movement of said sleeve.
6. In a clutch for releasably connecting a pair of power transmittingmembers, a sleeve carried by one of said members; radiallyjuxtapositioned axial grooves in said sleeve and said one member; aplurality of balls disposed in each pair of complementary grooves, saidballs forming the driving connection between said sleeve and member;radially juxtapositioned axial grooves in said sleeve and said othermember, one of the said latter elements having a. cylindrical surfaceportion disposed adjacent the grooves thereof; a plurality of ballsdisposed between said sleeve and said other member, and means forsliding said sleeve axially thereof to roll said last mentioned ballsinto and out of the grooves in the member having the adjacentcylindrical portion.
7. In a clutch for releasably connecting a pair of power transmittingmembers, a sleeve carried by one of said members; radiallyjuxtapositioned axial grooves in said sleeve and said one member; aplurality of balls disposed in each pair of complementary grooves, saidballs forming the driving connection between said sleeve and member;radially juxtapositioned cylindrical surface portions in said sleeve andsaid other member; a cam surface portion disposed adjacent one of saidcylindrical surfaces in the same member; a plurality of balls disposedbetween said sleeve and said last other member, and means for slidingsaid sleeve axially thereof to roll said last mentioned balls into andout of contact with said cam surface portion.
8. In combination with a pair of coaxially arranged shafts, means forestablishing a releasable drive connection between said shaftscomprising a sleeve disposed in telescopic relation with said shafts,said sleeve and one of said shafts having radially juxtapositionedaxially extending grooves provided therein, balls disposed in saidgrooves thereby to form a driving connection between the sleeve and saidone shaft while permitting substantially free rolling of the ballsaxially of the grooves in response to axial shifting of the sleeve, thesleeve and said other shaft having balls disposed therebetween incontact therewith and oneof the parts having axially adjacent wedgingand non-wedging surface portions whereby said last named balls areadapted to establish a driving connection between the parts when incontact with the wedging surface portions, said balls being free foraxial rolling in response to axial shifting of the sleeve.
WILLIAM T. DUNN.
| 2024-03-22 | 1939-07-28 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1942-07-28"
} |
US-43468921-A | Wind deflector for automobiles
Jan. 30, 1923. 1,443,713. J. H. MAULDING.
WIND DEFLECTOR FOR AUTOMOBILES.
FILED JAN. 3, 1921.
Patented Jan. 30, 1923.
JOHN'HTMAULDING, or LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIIGNOR 'ro KERT-O-SHIELDMFG. ASSOCIATION, OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
WINDDEFLECTOR ron AUTOMOBILES.
Application filed January 3, 1921. sem No. 434,689;
To all whom itmwy concern: j
Be it known that I, J OH H. MAULDING, a citizen of the United'States,residing at Los Angeles, in the county of'Los Angeles and State ofCalifornia, have invented new and useful Improvements in- WindDeflectors for Automobiles, of which the following is a ecification.
, t t is the object of this invention to provide a wind deflectorparticularly adapted to be mounted at'the side of a windshieldfor amotor vehicle or the like. The present invention contemplatestheprovision of a wind deflector pivotally adjustable with relation 'to thewindshield and having asecond'wind deflector which may be moved to aposition overlying the first wind deflector or whichmay e positionedbeyond the first wind'deflector soas to form additional deflectingmeans. The invention also provide'sa pivotal adjustment for the secondwind deflector whereby it may be angularly adjusted with relation to thefirst wind deflector. i The invention will be readily understood fromthe following description of the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a side elevation showing a portion of an automobile bodyaudits windshield with a wind deflector,constructed in accordance with'the present invention,
mounted at the side of the windshield.'
. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the wind deflector. ,Figs. 3 and 4 are detailsections on the lines 33-and 44 of Fig. 1.
- of Fig. 4.-
' wind deflector looking from the opposite di-- Fig. 5 is a detailsection-0n the line 5 -5 Fig. 6 is afragmentary elevation of the rectionto that shown in Fig. 1.
. In the drawings the'automobile body-is shown at 1, and the sidesupport for the Windshield is shown at 2. A wind deflector 3 ispivotally mounted atone of its side edges to the windshield support 2,and a second deflector 4 is pivotally supported at one of its side edgesupon the swinging side edge of the first wind deflector.
As an instance of this arrangement the.
first deflector 3 is shown mounted in a frame 5 provided with bearinglugs 6 projecting from its inner side edge. These bearing lugs cooperatewith axially alined bearing lugs 7 which are, preferably, clamped uponthe windshield upright 2 as by set screws 8. The
bearing lugs 6 preferably, form tapered justed positions.
bearings, and the bearing lugs are adapted to be clamped in pivotallyadjusted positior. relative thereto by meanslof bearing pins 9 receivedthrough the alined lugs. These bearing pins are tapered to s'eat in lugs6 and make threaded engagement with lugs 7.
N uts 10 are received upon the threaded ends 11 of pins 9 projectingbeyond lugs 6 and 7.v
The deflector?) is thus adapted to be swung to-pivotally adjustedpositions with relation to the windslueld'and clamped'in its ad- Thedeflector 4 is'mounted ina frame 12, a
and one side edge ofsaid. frame-is, preferably, provided with laterallyextended bearinglugs 13. These bearing lugs are received in axialalinement with lugs 14 mounted upon the frame 5 at the upper and lowerends of its swinging edge. The bearing lugs 14, preferably, form taperedbearings, and bearing pins 15 providedwith tapered portions are receivedthrough alined lugs 13 and -14 so as to seat in the tapered bores ofbear-.
ing lugs 14, and make threaded engagement with lugs 13. Nuts 16 arethreaded on to the ends of the bearing pins projecting beyondlugs 13 and14, so as to clamp frame 12 and the deflector 4 in adjusted positionswith re lation to frame 5 and deflector 3;'it being understood that theframe of deflector 4 is pivotally adjustable with relation to deflector3 by means of the pivotalmounting for said frame.
The bearing lugs 14, preferably, project laterally from deflector 3, sothat deflector 41pivoted in the same way may besWung inwardly alongsideof deflector 3, or may be ,swung outwardly to any desired pivotal adjustment.
:Itwill be'noted that the construction as thusdescribed provides for theready adjustment of deflector 3 with relation to the windshield, and theclamping of said deflector in adjusted positions; and at the same timealso enables the deflector 4 to beswung either 1. In combination with awindshield, a
from the spirit of theinvention as side deflector having a frame pivotedto one side thereof, horizontal lugs 'on the top and bottom of the frameof the side deflector adjacent the outer side thereof and formed withvertical tapered bearings, a second side deflector having a frame theinner vertical side of which is formed with laterally extending lugsinset from the top and' bottom of the frame thereof so as to have theirouter horizontal faces engage with the inner horizontal faces of thefirst named lugs; pins threaded at one end and extending through thelateral lugs and having nuts thereon abutting the latter and havingtapered parts engaging in the tapered bearings, the opposite ends of thepins being threaded, and nuts on the opposite ends of the pins abuttingthe lugs of the first named side deflector.
2. In combination with a windshield, a side deflector having a framepivoted at the side thereof, means to adjustably secure the sidedeflector in position, a second side de flector having a frame with itsinner side arranged to the rear of and in lapping relation to theinner-side of the frame of the first named deflector, means to pivot thetwo deflectors together 'so as to allow the two to be folded to lietogether and with their frames in approximate register and when extendedlapping relation to the first named deflector,
means to pivot the two deflectors together so as to allow the secondnamed one to. fold rearwardly of the first named one, and to have alapping relation when vextended and means to secure the second nameddeflector adjustably in any position to which it may be moved.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.
JOHN H. MAULDING.
| 2024-03-22 | 1921-01-03 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1923-01-30"
} |
US-22142951-A | Oscillographic plotting system
Oct, 20, 1953 R. w. LocKHART oscILLoGRAPHIc PLOTTING SYSTEM 5Sheets-Sheet l Filed Aprill?. 1951 ANN NEEM: .Zo
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OSCILLOGRAPHIC PLOTTING SYSTEM Filed April 17, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 2Oct. 20, 1953 R. w. LocKHART 2,656,536
oscILLoGRAPHIc PLoTTING SYSTEM Filed April 17, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 5Oct. 20, 1953 R. w. LocKHART oscILLoGRAPHIc PLOTTING SYSTEM 5Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 17, 1951 Qwxmll Oct. 20, 1953 R. w. LocKHARToscILLoGRAPHIc PLOTTING SYSTEM 5 Sheecs-Sheet 5 Filed April 17, 1951able.
Patented 'ct 20, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OSCILLOGRAPHICPLOTTING SYSTEM Robert W. Lockhart, Chicago, Ill., assignor toStewart-Warner Corporation, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of VirginiaApplication April 17, 1951, Serial N0. 221,429
14 Claims.
This invention relates to devices for providing continuous oscillographcplots of a dependent variable as a function of an independent vari- Forexample, the dependent variable may be the electrical output of a radioreceiver, and the independent variable may be the orientation of adirection finding loop which supplies radio signals to the receiver. Theinvention is also applicable to panoramic radio reception, in which casethe dependent variable is the output of a radio receiver and theindependent variable is the position of a tuning control forming a partof the receiver.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved oscillographicpolar plotting arrangement.
A further object is to provide an improved instantaneous polar plottingarrangement providing a high order of accuracy in the plotting of theindependent variable. Related to direction finding, this objectcontemplates a high order of accuracy in the plotting of the orientationof the revolving loop antenna.
A further object is to provide an oscillographic polar plottingarrangement which is particularly adapted for providing remoteindications.
A further object is to provide an oscillographic polar plotting systemwhich utilizes a high free quency current to carry information withregard to the dependent and the independent variables.
A further object is to provide an oscillographic polar plotting systemwhich incorporates means to correct for inaccuracies in the angularconiiguration of the deilecting system of a cathode ray oscillographtube forming a part of the plotting system.
A further object is to provide an oscillographic polar plottingarrangement incorporating a rotatable device for giving information withrespect to an independent variable such as orientation, together lWithmeans to correct for any slight inaccuracies in the construction of thedevice.
A further object is to provide an improved oscillographic directionfinding system or the like in Which the length of cables extending froma remote loop antenna is not critical.
A further object is to provide an improved oscillographic directionfinding system or the like in which the speed of rotation of the loopantenna may vary considerably.
Further objects, advantages, and features of the invention will becomeapparent from the following description of illustrative embodiments ofthe invention. In the course of the description reference will be madeto the drawings, in Which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a polar plotting arrangementconstructed in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a re- 'olver which may form apart of the system of Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a direction findingvsystem constructed in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a panoramic radio receiver constructed inaccordance with the invention;
Fig. 5 illustrates a modified arrangement to correct for slightinaccuracies in the construction of the resolver and the oscillographtube;
Fig. 6 is a vector diagram illustrating the op eration of thearrangement of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 illustrates a combination direction finding and panoramicreceiver constructed in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 8 is an elevational view taken as indicated by the line 8--8 inFig. 7
Fig. 9 is a, sectional view taken as indicated by the line 9*9 in Fig.7`; and
Fig. 10 illustrates a modified direction finding and panoramic receivingsystem. A The system of Fig. 1 includes a carrier oscillator I0 whichproduces a high frequency sine Wave output as indicated by anoscillogram I2. The output of the carrier oscillator I0 is transmittedby an amplitude modulator I4 to a resolver I6. The output of theamplitude modulator Id is modulated in accordance with the output of asource of information signals I8, the output of the source I8 beingapplied to the amplitude modulator. The resolver and the source ofinformation signals are connected to a motor 22 by driving means 20.
The resolver I6 provides two output signals which are fed to a pair ofcarrier reinserters 23 and 24. Signals from the carrier oscillator IIJare also applied to the carrier reinserters.
The outputs of the respective carrier reinserters 23 and 24 aredemodulated by individual demodulators 26 and 28. The outputs of thedemodulators 26 and 28 are applied by deflection ampliers 30 and 32 tohorizontal deflecting plates 3B and 31 and vertical deflecting plates 34and 35, respectively, of a cathode ray oscillograph tube 40.
One advantageous construction of the resolver I6 is shown in Fig. 2. Themodulated carrier input is applied by brushes d2 and 44 and signals. Inthis case the output of the amplitude frequency signal having amplitudeas indicated-by an. O-utput No.` 1 of therresolver |6.
modulator is a carrier a constant peak oscillogram G. l is representedby an oscillograrn fgfandoutput No. 2 is represented by an oscillogram64. The rst output produces the oscillogram S2 because the couplingbetween the rotatingpriinary coilA 5G and the stationary secondary coil,52..varies in accordance with the absolute value of the sine of. the.positional angle vof theprimary coil 50. The coupling between therotatable primary coiL andthestationary coil E'varies inaccordaxicewith.the absolute value of the cosine of the positional angle'of the coil5U: In the; posi'- tion ofthe coil 56..show n, the coupling betweenthecoil 50' andY the secondary 52' is zero, While the coupling betweenthe primary 5S and the' sec'- ondary Ellis at a maximum.
Tlevoltage in each of' the secondaries 52 and 54'" reverses in polarityeach Atime the voltage passes through a null. The oscillogram; 62": hasa null 6|',1.. The'V portion ofthe oscillogram to the l'eit 'of the nullrepresentsA a voltage having one polarity, andthe .portion to the rightAof the null represents avoltage having the opposite polarity. The`portion ofthe oscillo'gram ,6ftv between nulls 63'and 85 represents awave having one polarity, and the'`V remaining portions represent a wavehaving the opposited polarity;
The oscillograms 62and .'64" represent the equivalent of the side bandsof amplitude modulated waves .without the carriers of the waves. Thecarriers are reintroduced bythezcarrier reinserters 23 and zato produce'outputsyhaving oscillograms Band 68;. v
It should be ,noticedA in the oscillo'gram, 661 'that the carrier waveand therst'out'put of the resolver, represented by-the oscillogramjlareadditivelyphased for the first half go'f' the" oscill'ogram 6.;andsubtractively phasedfor thesecond half... The. carrier Awavelandthe'second output; representedby they oscillogram Ell; Aare' sub'-tractively I phased for the@l first and last quartersoftheoscillogram'ta, and additively phasedfo the central "half portion.VThe oscillograms and" 68` represent amplitude modulated Waves whichIaredemOdulatedby the demodulators4 26 and v28'to-produce-outputshavingVY oscillograrns l0 and 12. The outputsof Ythe'demodul'ators 26and 2,8 are sine waves which are 90-'electrical degrees-out of phasewith eac-h other;` Thephase disp'lacenfient of -theoutputs of thedemodulators results from the physicaldisplacement of the secondarywindingsfErZ-` and-54.
The outputs of the demodulators'ZSand 28 -are amplie'd by the deflectionamplifiers 3U andl 32, and are i impressed upon the horizontal plates 3Eand-3 andthe vertical plates 34 an'd'zfre-` spectively, of the -cathoderay'oscillograph tube 4U. The two voltagesdeflect-the electron beam ofthe oscillographtube to produce a circular trace or pattern 14. Theinstantaneous' position of the electron beamasit traces the pattern 'I4'corresponds -to the instantaneous angular position of `the rotatablecoilV 5f)` of the' resolver Hi;y Consequently, the position of theelectron beam is an accurate indication of the phasing or position ofthe cyclical driving means Z which drives the source of informationsignals I8.
In the course of its cyclical operation by the driving means 26, thesource of information signals i8 usually produces signals atsome denitepoints inl itsoperatiOnal cyclone These: signals produce amplitudevariations in the outputs of the amplitude modulator I4 and the resolverThe resulting variations in the outputs of thezdemodulators v25 and 28produce radial displacements vof the pattern produced by the cathode`ray oscillographitube, at points correspond- .ing .to`.the'positions ofthe source of information signals when the signals are produced. Thusthe angular position ofthe electron beam in the cathoderay tube itcorresponds to an independent variable which in this oase is the phasingor position of the driving means 2l. The radial position of the electronbeam corresponds to a dependent'variable, which inthis case is theamplia continuous polar plot of the dependent Variable asa functionofthe independent variable on the VfluorescentV screen of the `cathoderay tube 40.
The system of Fig.3 is very similar to the system ofFi`gs.-1 and 2, andvcorresponding componentsin the two systems have lbeen given the samereference characters. Y
In thearrangement of Fig) 3 the source of information signals takes theformof a radioireceiver i'having a rotatable loop antenna 82. Theloop8f2fis' driven from 'the' motor 221 by the driving means 2|).
Astne loop rotates, it produces an output having-an oscillogram 84:1'Theexact nature of the -oscillogram depends upon the directionfrom whichthe -radio signals vare received. The receiverfflproducesan outputhaving-an oscillogram 86.' The output is applied. tothe amplitudemodulator Mp1 Thesmodulato'r provides an output whichis modulated tocorrespond with the outputothe' receiver, asindic'ate'd by anoscillogram 682-" Whenwthisioutput waveis vapplied to the resolver, thelatter-produces outputs having oscillo'grams" 90 and 92; Theseoscillograms should bev comparedwith theoscillograms (i2-and6'4lof-Ii'g". 1. The valleys 94 and-@ in the oscillogram 88'produce thevalleys 98 and l'in the oscillogramsfzand S; The nulls 6'3 and 65 inthe'osc'illogram" are; broadened by the valleys Sandlt inthe'Aoscillogram-'to produce broad nulls |68 and in the oscillogram 925"Sharp peaksi |`|2,'|f",i"and ||6 in the' envelope of the oscillograrn88"'produce corresponding peaks. |18; ELl'and |22 inthe envelope ofthe'oseillogram Th'ecarrierreinserters 23fand Ztadd carrier components ito the outputs of Y the resolver: and thereby produce outputs havingoscillograms. |24 andf.|26-. When they are demodulated by thedemoldulators 2''andA 28;"these waves produce oscillograms'f|'28"'and|30; Thexvalleys` 94 and 9.6 in the: envelope of the oscillogram` 88produce valleys:|.32.and.|34 in the .oscillogram |28@ The peaksf.. |2;I|I4, and y| I6 in the: envelope ofz'the oscillogram wproduce peaks|3'S,.'|38,"and |40 in the oscillogram--Hlfv When the wavesrepresentedby the oscillog-rams |28:` and |30'are impressed upon'thehorizontaland vertical'deecting plates respectively of the cathode rayoscillographA tube: 4B; 'the'electron beamV of the tube traces a pattern|42. The pattern |42 has a pair of diametrically opposite outwardlypointing peaks |44 and |46. The peak |44 is produced by Athe peaks |36and |40 in the oscillogram |38,
and the peak |46 is produced by the peak |38. The pattern |42 has radialnulls |48 and |50 which are produced by the valleys |32 and |34 in theoscillogram |28.
The sharp peaks ||2, ||4 and H6 in the output oscillogram 88 of themodulator I4 correspond with nulls |52, |54 and |56 in the signal fromthe loop antenna 82. Thus the radial peaks |44 and |46 in the pattern|42 traced by the electron beam in the cathode ray tube 46 correspond tothe nulls in the signal from the loop antenna. The angular position ofthe peaks |44 and |46 is indicative of the direction from which radiosignals are being received. The tube 40 may be provided with anazimuthal scale as indicated in fragmentary fashion at |41.
The embodiment of Fig. 4 is quite similar to the embodiment of Figs. land 3, and corresponding components have been given the same referencecharacters in the two figures.
In the system of Fig. 4, the source of information signals takes theform of a radio receiver |60 having rotatable tuning means |62 which isoperated by the driving means 26. rThe output of the radio receiver |60is applied to the ampli4 tude modulator |4. The motor 22 tunes thereceiver |60 from one end of its tuning range to the other. After aquick return the tuning operation is repeated. Stations, received as thefrequency band of the receiver is traversed, produce output signals inthe form of pulses |64, |66 and |68 as indicated in the oscillogram |16.As indicated in an oscillogram |12, the pulses are manifested in theoutput of the amplitude modulator in the form of valleys |14, |16 and|18, in the envelope of the output oscillogram |12.
Oscillograms |80 and |82 represent the two output signals from theresolver |6. The envelope of the oscillogram |80 has valleys |63 and |84which correspond with the pulses |64 and |68. The pulse |66 produces abroadened null |86 in the envelope of the oscillogram |86. The envelopeof the oscillogram |82 has valleys |68, |90 and |92 which are producedby the pulses |64, |66 and |68.
After the carrier is reinserted by the reinserters 23 and 24, outputsignals having oscillograms |94 and |96 are produced. The envelope ofthe oscillogram |64 has a valley |96 which corresponds with the pulse|64, and a peak 266 which corresponds with the pulse |68. 'I'he envelopeof the oscillogram |96 has a peak 262 which corresponds with the pulse|64, a valley 204 which corresponds with the pulse |66, and a valley 206which corresponds with the pulse |56.
The output signals of the demodulators 26 and 28 have oscillograms 208and 2|0. The pulses |64, |66 and |68 appear in the oscillogram 208 as avalley 2|2, a broadened null 2|4, and a valley 2|6, respectively. 'I'hepulses appear in the oscillogram 2 |0 in the form of valleys 2|8 and220, and a valley 222.
When the signals represented by the oscillograms 208 and 2|0 are appliedto the deflecting plates of the cathode ray oscillograph 40 by thedeflection amplifiers 30 and 32, a pattern 224 is traced by the electronbeam of the cathode ray tube. The pattern 224 has inwardly directedradial spikes 226, 228 and 230, which correspond with the pulses |64,|66 and |68. The an.
gular position of the spikes is indicative of the frequency of thesignals which produce the pulses in the output of the radio receiver.The uorescent screen of the cathode ray tube |40 may be'provided with acircular frequency scale, as indicated in fragmentary fashion at 232.The length of the spikes in the pattern 224 indicates the relativestrength of the stations which are being received.
In all of the embodiments of Figs. 1 through 4, the angular position ofthe electron beam .40 in the cathode ray oscillograph tube 40corresponds closely with the position of the driving means 20, providedthat the resolver I6 and the cathode ray tube 40 are accuratelyconstructed. The defiection amplifiers 30 and 32 preferably should bedirect current amplifiers in order to obtain accurate indications of theposition of the driving means 20 when the latter is stationary, ormoving at extremely low speeds.
In practice, errors are likely to exist in the perpendicularity of thesecondary windings 52 and 54 in the resolver I6, and in theperpendicularity of the vertical deflecting plates 34 and 35 and thehorizontal deecting plates 36 and 31. Fig. 5 illustrates a modifiedarrangement to compensate for any errors which may exist. In Fig. 5 thedeflection amplifier 30 is shown as having output conductors 240 and242, and the deflection amplifier 32 has output conductors 244 and 246.A voltage dividing resistor 248 is connected across the outputconductors 240 and 242, and a voltage dividing resistor 250 is connectedacross the output conductors 244 and 246. The voltage dividing resistorshave respective fixed taps 252 and 254 which are connected together by aconductor 256.
The horizontal deflecting plate 31 is connected to a slider 258 whichcontacts the voltage divider or potentiometer 248 adjacent its end whichis connected to the conductor 240. The other horizontal deflecting plate36 is connected to a slider 260 which contacts the voltage divider 250adjacent the tap 254.
The vertical deiiecting plate 34 is connected to a slider 262 whichcontacts the voltage divider 250 adjacent its end which is connected tothe output conductor 244. The other vertical defleeting plate 35 isconnected to a slider 264 which contacts the voltage divider 248adjacent the tap 252.
The taps 260 and 264 may be adjusted to cornpensate for any error inperpendicularity of the resolver secondary coils 52 and 54 or thedeflecting plates of the oscillograph tube 40. Adjusting the sliders 260and 264 affects the relative phasing of the voltages applied to thevertical and horizontal deflecting plates. By means of the arrangementof Fig. 5, a portion of the horizontal deecting voltage from theamplifier 30 may be applied to the vertical deflecting plates along withthe vertical deiiecting voltage, and a portion of the vertical deectingvoltage from the amplifier 32 may be applied to the horizontaldeiiecting plates along with the horizontal deflecting voltage. Thesliders 258 and 262 provide for adjustment of amplitude of thehorizontal and vertical deflecting voltages, respectively.
The vector diagram of Fig. 6 illustrates the operation of the phasingnetwork of Fig. 5. A vector 266 represents the voltage from the slider258 to the tap 252. A vector 268 represents the voltage from the slider262 to the tap 254. Because of an error in the perpendicularity of theresolver coils 52 and 54, these voltage vectors are 'frequencycorresponding to the position of the pointer 334. Consequently thereceiver 300 is tuned to the station which produced the radial spike312.
The motor 22 rotates the loop antenna 304 to produce a direction findingpattern on the oscillograph similar to the pattern I42 in Fig. 3. Thusboth the frequency and the direction of a station are readily and`quickly ascertainable.
When the switch 354 is in its direction finding position, the tuningmeans 302 may be shifted by moving the pointer 334. The rotation of thepointer rotates the cam follower 348 and thereby produces correspondingrotation of the cardioidal cam 332. Thus when the switch 354 is set forpanoramic receiving, the frequencies of a number of stations may berecorded. The direction of each of the stations may be determined byshifting the switch 354 to its direction nding position and moving thepointer 334 successively to the positions corresponding to therespective frequencies of the stations.
The system of Fig. is somewhat similar to the system of Figs. '7 to 9,and corresponding components have been given the same referencecharacters in the various figures. The arrangement ci the pointer 334,the ring gear 333. the bearing 338, the handle 340, the gear 342, andthe shaft 344 is the same as in Fig. '7. The positioning clutch 349connects the shaft 344 with the tuning means 302 of the receiver 300.
A common shaft 380 connects the tuning means 302 with a resolver |00.'and a normally disengaged magnetic clutch 382. The tuning means 302 andthe resolver IEa may be driven through the clutch 382 by means of amotor 384.
A common shaft 300 connects the loop 304 with a resolver IED and a motor302.
A switch 394 is provided, including a movable member 396 and a pair ofxed contacts 308 and 400, The contact 398 is connected to one of theterminals of the positioning clutch 348, the magnetic clutch 302 and themotor 384. The other contact 400 is connected to one terminal of theloop motor 392. The movable switch member 380 is connected to oneterminal of an electrical power source 402. The other terminals of theclutch 34S, the clutch 382, the motor 302, and the power source 402 areconnected together by' respective ground connections, for example.
The output of the radio receiver 300 is impressed upon the amplitudemodulator I4. A changeover switch 404 is provided to connect either ofthe resolvers IEa or Ib betweenv the amplitude modulator I4 and thecarrier reinserters 23 and 24. As indicated, the switches 404 and 394may be ganged together. The switches 404 and 394 have intermediatepositions in which the resolver I5a is connected into the system, but inwhich neither of the motors 384 and 332 is energized.
The arrangement of the carrier source I0, the carrier reinserters 23 and24, the demodulators 26 and 28, the deflection amplifiers 30 and 32, andthe oscillograph tube 40 may be the same as in the system of Figs. l and3.
In the operation of the system of Fig. 10, the switches 390 and 404 mayfirst be set in their panoramic receiving positions in which theresolver I0a is connected in the circuit and the motor 384 and theclutches 343 and 382 are energized. The motor 384 drives the resolverIBa and the tuning means 302 through the clutch 382, but the pointer 334remains stationary because the positioning clutch 340 is disengaged. Theloop 304 remains stationary since the motor 392 is not energized. Theresolver |01) is disconnected during panoramic receiving.
During panoramic receiving, the arrangement of Fig. 10 operates in muchthe same manner as the panoramic receiver of Fig. 4. As indicated inconnection with Figs. '7 to 9, a pattern having radial spikes isproduced by the oscillograph 40. The pointer 334 is rotated by means ofthe handle 340 until the pointer is lined up with one of the spikes.
The switches 394 and 404 may then be shifted into their directionfinding positions in order to engage the positioning clutch 343,disengage the magnetic clutch 382, stop the motor 384, and energize themotor 392. As described in connection with Figs. '7 to 9, thepositioning clutch 349 rotates the tuning means 302 until the receiver300 is tuned to the frequency corresponding to the position of thepointer 334. This operation tunes in the station which produces thespike with which the pointer 334 was aligned.
The motor 392 drives the resolver ISD and the loop antenna 304. It maybe advantageous to rotate the loop 304 at a higher speed than the speedof rotation of the tuning means 302. During direction finding, thearrangement of Fig. 10 operates in much the same manner as the directionfinding receiver of Fig. 3.
By means of the system of Fig. 10, both the frequency and the directionof an intercepted station may be determined readily. The loop antenna304, the resolver |61) and the motor 392 may be located at a greatdistance from the remainder of the components of the system. No extendedmechanical linkage is required. The lengths of the cables connecting theloop 304 with the receiver 300, and the resolver I9b With the changeoverswitch 404, are not critical since no complicated phasing problems areinvolved. Moreover, any phasing errors may be corrected by means of anarrangement such as that shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The speeds of themotors 384 and 392 are not critical since the output voltages providedby the resolvers I 3a and I 6b do not vary with the speed of theresolvers. As previously indicated, the resolvers Ilia and I6?) givepositional indications even when they are stationary.
The arrangement including the pointer 334 and the handle 340 provides amanual tuning dial for the system of Fig. 10. When the switches 394 and404 are in their intermediate positions, the system is adjusted formanual tuning. The motors 334 and 392 are rdisconnected and the magneticclutch 332 is disengaged. However, the positioning clutch 346 is engagedso that the tuning means may be adjusted by shifting the position of thepointer 334. During manual tuning, the resolver Ita is connected in thesystem so that the electron beam of the cathode ray oscillograph 40 isdisplaced radially when a station is tuned in manually.
During direction nding, the tuning means may also be adjusted manuallyby shifting the position of the pointer 334. Thus, the frequencies ofseveral stations may be recorded during panoramic receiving, and thenthe system may be tuned manually during direction finding to determinethe direction of each of the stations.
aesesso In the direction finding system of Fig. Sithe loop 3.2, themotor 2?., andthe resolver Iiimay be located a great distance.from'therother components of the system. '.Alternativelyythe carriersource lo', the modulator "IIL-fthe icarrierreinserters 23 and24,'and'the demodulators'zb` and 28may also belocated remotely fromtheother components, alongfvvith the 'loop,`the motorand the resolver.The lengthsof the .cables interconnecting the various Vcomponents' arenot' critical. The speed ofl'the motor 22 may'vary'wid'ely withoutaffecting the accuracy vofthe. `directional indications or the size 'ofthe pattern.` produced by the oscillographv 40.
Many of the details of rthe embodiments described above are merelyillustrative and should not be takenas limitative. The inventionV may bepracticed in manyv equivalent forms. VvThe scope of the invention isindicated by the followingv claims:
I claim:
1. An apparatus to provi'de'contirruous pol-ar plots of a dependentvariable as a function of an independent variable, "comprising drivingmeans for cyclical-ly* `varying 'the 'independent variable, meanstoproduce electrical information signals corresponding tovariation-softhe dependent variable, avsource of a" carrierV wave, a modulator tocombine: the' carrier wave vand the information signals'to provide ahigh frequency output wave modulated in accordance with the informationsignals, a resolver including rst and second relatively rotatable means,one ofthe means being rotatively connected with the driving means andthe otherhaving a stationary mounting, a primary coil on thei rst meansconnected to the output of the modulator, first and secondsecondarycoils carried at right angles on the second means, the prima-ry fandthe` secondaries being inductively'coupledy firstk andl second carrierreinserters to mix carrier; components from they carrier sourceI Withtheoutputs-"of 4the rst and second 'secondaries-tof produce outputs whichare amplitude modulated inquadrature in accordance with the cyclicalvariation-ofthe .in- .l
dependent variable, first and seconde demodulators receiving theoutputsfof thecarrier-rein'- serters andproviding-f'demodula-tedoutputs,-and an oscillograph having horizontaldele'ctin-g meansV connected to the output of the.- first 'demodulatorand vertical deflectingf means `connected to the outputy ofthesecondedemodulator.
"2. Anoscillographic( directionvapparatus, comprising aradio:receiverhaving afro.- tatable loop antenna, driving means for* rotatingthe antenna, a sourcect a carrier Wave; aernodu- Y lator to combine thecarrierwaveand the voutput of the receiver to provide a high frequencywave modulated in accordance withv thereceiverY output a `resolverincluding first -andsecond relativelyv rotatablel means, oneof the meansbeing rota-tively connected with the driving means and the'other: havinga sta-tionarymountng, a primary coil: on the firstfmeans'connected totheoutput of the -inodulatoig first and second 4secondary coils carried .atrighty angles on thezsecondmeans, the .primary andtheseconda-ries-.being inductively coupled, rst and second carrierreinserters to Vmix carrier components from the carrier: source Withlthe outputs of the rst and second lsecundarios to 'produce outputs which.are amplitude. modulated in quadrature' inV accordance. with therotational position of the. loop, first and second demodulatorsAreceiving. the: outputs or the -carrier reinserters and providinglde--l2 modulated outputs, and an oscill'ographhaving horizontal deiiectingmeans ccnnectedfto the out vput of the iirst demodulator and verticalded'ecti-ng' means'con-nected to the output of the second demodulator.3.' An -oscillographcy panoramic radio receiving system, Vcomprising aradioreceiver `'havin-g cyclficallyI variable tuning means, drivingmeans for varying the tuning means, a source :ofV a. carrier wave,- -amodulatortov combine .the Ycar-- rer- Wave and the output .ofthenrcceivermto provide al high frequency voutput Wave modulated in`raccordance 'with the 'receiver output, aeresolver including rstwand-:second relatively vrotatable means, ori-eroi the meansfbeing'rotatively connected with the driving means and'thefother having astationary mountin-g,. a primarycoil on thev rirst` r means connectedtothe voutput of the modulator, -i'irst and'lsecond secondarycoilscarried at right angles on the secondmeans,=the primaryy andthesecondariesA beingY inductivcly coupled, i first vand second carrierreinserters to mixcarrier components from thecarrier source With theoutputs of the rst-.fand second-seeondariesT to produce outputs which.are amplitude modulated in quadrature -in accordance with thecyclicallvariation-of the tuningA means, -rst and second demodulatorsreceiving the outputs Aof the carri-erv reinsertcrs and `providing.demodula-ted outputs; and anloscillograph having horizontal defiectingmeans-connectedtothe output of the iirst demodfulatorl andverticaldeflectngY means connected to the outputof the second`demodulater.
4. In an appara-tus to provide .instantaneous oscillographic indications.of rotational-position, first and second relatively rotatable means, aprimary coil carried. by the rst means. a` source of a carrier Wave.having yits'output.,connler-.tted- -to the prim-ary coil, i'irstand-*second` 'secondary coils coupled to` the primary'col and carried bythe second means approximately .atrightangles-to each other,` first .andsecond carrier .reinserters having inputs connected tothe first andsecond secondary coils andother inputs connected to the carrier'- sourcetoy lprovide respective outputs which .are amplitude modulated inquadrature in accordance vvith-` relative; rotationotthe rst and. secondrotatable means,anoscillograph haw ing horizontal andVvertical-denecting means, and rst-land second demodulators supplied.from the outputs of the respective iirst and` second .carrerreinsertersV toy supply .signals in quadrature tothe horizontal and:vertical detlectingr means l for producing.indications-.ontheoscillograph in accordancefvvi-th relative rotation oi the. rst andsecond rotatable means..
. Y5. In anapparatus to-produce a circular oscillographc.r pattern-,first -and second -sources .providing rst and second signalsapproximately quadrature, fan oscillograph having horizontall and.vertical deiecting' means, means supplying ama-jor portion of the'rstsignal :to the horizontal ideiiecting;l 'means-l means supplying amajorportion .of theqsecond signal' to the-vereticalfdeiiectingrmeans,means supplying a minor portion of the rst signal to the verticald'eecting' means', and-meanssupplyng al'minor: .portion of the secondsignal` to the horizontal deiiectingi means.
- 6; Inv :an 0apparatus for.` vproducing a circular oscillographictrace, iirst and-.second sources pro-v viding iirstV and ksecondsigna-lsf:approXir-natelyf in quadrature',. anoscillograp'h having firstand' second deiecting means-one of the deiiecting'meansV beinghorizontal and the other being vertical deecting means, means supplyingthe first signal to the first defiecting means, means supplying thesecond signal to the second deflecting means, and means additionallysupplying a portion of the first signal to the second deiiecting meansto compensate for any errors in the perpendicularity of the deectingmeans and in the phase perpendicularity of the signals.
7. In an apparatus to provide instantaneous oscillographic indicationsof rotational position, rotatable generating means to provide iirst andsecond output signals approximately in quadrature in synchronizationwith rotation of the generating means, an oscillograph having first andsecond deflecting means, one of the deflecting means producingapproximately horizontal deflection and the other producingapproximately vertical deiiection, means to supply the first signal tothe first deiiecting means, means to supply the second. signal to thesecond deflecting means, and means additionally to supply a portion ofthe first signal to the second deflecting means, to compensate for anyerror in the perpendicularity of the deflecting means or in the phaseperpendicularity of the signals.
8. An apparatus to provide continuous oscillographic polar plots of adependent variable as a function of an independent variable, comprisingdriving means for cyclically varying the independent variable, means toproduce electrical information signals corresponding to variations ofthe dependent variable, a source of a carrier wave, a modulator tocombine the carrier Wave and the information signals to provide a highfrequency output wave modulated in accordance with the informationsignals, a resolver including first and second relatively rotatablemeans, one of the means being rotatively connected with the drivingmeans and the other having a stationary mounting, a primary coil on thefirst means connected to the output of the modulator, first and secondsecondary coils coupled to the primary coil and carried approximately atright angles on the second means, first and second carrier reinsertersto mix carriery components from the carrier source with the outputs ofthe iirst and second secondaries to produce outputs which are amplitudemodulated approximately in quadrature in accordance with the cyclicalvariation of the independent variable, rst and second demodulatorsreceiving the outputs of the carrier reinserters and providingdemodulated outputs, an oscillograph having first and second deflectingmeans, one of the deflecting means providing approximately horizontaldefiection and the other providing approximately vertical deflection,means supplying the output of the rst demodulator to the first deiectingmeans, means supplying the output of the second demodulator to thesecond deflecting means, and means additionally supplying a portion ofthe output of the first demodulator to the second deflecting means tocompensate for any error in the perpendicularity of the secondary coilsor in the perpendicularity of the deflecting means.
9. A receiving system for providing oscillographic indications of thefrequency and direction of a station, comprising a radio receiver havingrotatable tuning means and a rotatable loop antenna, respective means torotate the tuning means and the loop antenna, a source of a carrierwave, a modulator to amplitude modulate the carrier wave in 'accordancewith the output of the receiver, means including a rotary resolver toutilize the output of the modulator for providing first and secondsignals amplitude modulated in quadrature to correspond with rotation ofthe resolver, means to rotate the resolver in accordance with rotationof one of the loop antennas or the tuning means, first and seconddemodulators to demodulate the first and second signals, an oscillographhaving horizontal deiiecting means connected to the output of the firstdemodulator and vertical deecting means connected to the output of thesecond modulator, a pointer adjacent the oscillograph movable intoalignment with an oscillographic indication of the frequency of astation when the tuning means is being rotated, and means forming apositioning connection between the pointer and the tuning meansoperative to position the tuning means at the frequency setting to whichthe pointer is adjusted when the loop antenna is being rotated.
10. A receiving system for providing oscillographic indications of thefrequency and direction of a station, comprising a radio receiver havingrotatable tuning means and a rotatable loop antenna, a motor, first andsecond clutches forming disengageable driving connections from the motorto the tuning means and the loop antenna respectively, operating means`to engage the clutches alternatively, a source of a carrier Wave, amodulator to combine the carrier wave and the output of the receiver toprovide a high frequency output Wave modulated in accordance with theoutput of the receiver, a resolver including first and second relativelyrotatable means, one of the means being driven by the motor and theother having a stationary mounting, a primary coil on the iirst meansconnected to the output of the modulator, first and second secondarycoils coupled to the primary coil and carried at right angles to eachother on the second means, rst and second carrier reinserters to mixcarrier components from the carrier source with the outputs of the firstand second secondary coils to produce outputs which are amplitudemodulated in quadrature in accordance with rotation of the motor, firstand second demodulators receiving the outputs of the carrier reinsertersand providing demodulated outputs, an oscillograph having horizontaldeflecting means connected to the output of the first demodulator andvertical deilecting means connected to the output of the seconddemodulator, a pointer adjacent the oscillograph movable into alignmentwith an oscillographic indication of the frequency of a station when thetuning means is being driven through the rst clutch, and means forming apositioning connection between the pointer and the tuning meansoperative to position the tuning means at the frequency setting to whichthe pointer is adjusted when the loop antenna is being driven throughthe second clutch.
11. A receiving system for providing oscillographic indications of thefrequency and direction of a station, comprising a radio receiver havingrotatable tuning means and a rotatable loop antenna, respective means torotate the tuning means and the loop antenna, a source of a carrierwave, a modulator to amplitude modulate the carrier wave in accordancewith the output of the receiver, means including a rotary resolver toutilize the output of the modulator for providing first and secondsignals amplitude modulated in quadrature to correspond with rotation ottneresolizer; selectively .operable means;l tofrotate theresolverinasynchronizationY withA the tuningA means 'orizthe' loopantenna, rst yand lsecondidemodul'ators Vto:demoduiate' the first andsecondi signals;y and :an osci-llograph having horizontaldeflectingmeans connected to theloutput oithe. first d'emodulator and verticalAdeiiecting means:.connectedl tol output or. thelsecond demodulator;
l 125A; receiving system fori providing oscillographic indicationsV yci'v.the 'trequency andf` directionf ot a station; comprising a radioreceiver. having'rotatablertuningfmeans. and a' rotatable-loop antenna,Arespectivenrean's. .to rotate the tuning meansa and' the loopiantenna, asource of a carrienwave, afrmoduiatcr to combine the carrier Wavelandthe outputot'the receiver Vtoprovide alhighfirequency output Wavemodulated in aeeoit'clance with' the output: `of theY receiver,. avresolver includingrst and second relatively rrotatable means, means toproduce relative rotation of ftlretrst, a1-id.l second means in'accordance with rotationof one of tne'tuningmneans orthe loop antenna; a'primary'coi'l" orrthe.- rst means connectedi tothe` output of; themodulator, iirst and secon'difrsecondary coilscoupled" to the primarycoil and carriedfat'right angles. to each 'other omthefseccnd means, andsecond carrier reinserters` to fmix carrier components from the carrier'sourceI` Witlrther'outputs of the first `and secondsecondaries toproduce outputs which are amplitude-'modulated in quadrature inaccordancewithirelativerotaton ofthe` irst and second meanaaiirstan'dasecond demodulatorsreceving the' -outpuilsfnrv thercarrierfreinserters and providingcd'emodula'tedioutputs; and anoscillographihaving. horizontal deiecting: means connected'to the:output .of therst' idemodulator and) Iverticaldeiiectingrnleans'connected to the output `ci? vthe second demodulatoiu 123.432' receivingsystem for -proviclingtv oscilloe graphic-'indications offith'eirequencyfan'd direction-of. afstation,'comprising'afradio receiver,having rotatable tuning? means 'and a rotatable loop antenna,respective; motors to zdrive the tuning me'a'nswand the-loopantenna,`operating means to Venergize the: motors alternatively', a source. ofaca-rrier Wave, aI modulator to an'lpiititdeV modulatert'lue:y carrierwave-in `accordance, with' the output of' .the receiver;means"including`a pair .of
resolvers ldriven 'byr'the 'tuning meansV and'` the loopv antennarespectively Yto utilize the output of. the modulator for .providingfirs-tranci second' signals amplitudexmodulated .in euadratlnfe tocorrespondl with: rotation rof thetuning means orxthelcop antenna, nrstandsecond'demoduvlatorsztn demodulateithegiirst, and second signals,-
switching. means: alternatively toV connect eachI` of' the resolversfor'operation, andi an oscillograpn having horizontal deiecting meansconnect'ed'4 to rtheoutput `of the first demodulator andverticaldeflecting means connected totheoutputv ofthe second demodulator.
14. A receiving systemi for; providing oscillographic' indications; ofythe frequency anddirection; of a station; comprising a radioreceiverhaving rotatable tuning meanswand;v a rotatable means respectively, aprimary'coilfon'eaclrof the rst means, first and second secondary coilscoupled to the primary coil and carried at' right angles to veach* otheron each-ofthe second means,` nrst and second carrier reinserterstomixxcarrier components from the carrier, source WithA the outputs of thenrst and .secondf sccondaries Vonone of the resolvers to produceoutputsv Whichf are amplitude modulated in-quadratureiinaccordance withrotation of the antenna or thetuningmeans, means alternatively toconnect eachofthefresolversrbetween themodulator and the carrierreinserters, rst and second demodulators-receiving the outputs of thecarrier reinserters and providing demodulated outputs, and anoscillograph having horizontal deiiecting means connected to the outputof the rst demodulatorand vertical delecting means connected totheoutput of the second demodulator.
ROBERT LOCKH-ART.
References Cited inthe file-of this patent UNITED STATESV PATENTS NumberName Date 1,994,232 Schuck' Mar.,1'21935' 2,403,967 Busignies July 16,1946 2,475,212 Wolfi July 5, 1949 2,476,977 Hansel VJuly-26, 19492,477,557 Torsch July 26T, 1949 2,574,946 White Nov; V13, 1951
| 2024-03-22 | 1951-04-17 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1953-10-20"
} |
US-58654845-A | Hardening printed ink films
y 3, 1951 A. F. SCHMU'TZLER 2,558,787
HARDENING PRINTED INK FILMS Filed April 4, 1945 INVENTOR ALFRED F.-SCIY-IMIJTZLEA BY FLWw' ATTORNEYS aiented July 3, 1951 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE HARDENING PRINTED INK FILMS Alfred F. Schmutzler, Teaneck,N. J.
Application April 4, 1945, Serial No. 586,548
1 Claim. 1
This invention relates to the drying of steamsetting printing inks.
Steam-setting printing inks usually comprise a coloring materialhomogeneously suspended in a lacquer-like composition, in which thesolvent is a liquid polyhydric alcohol. They may be used on the usualcommercial printing presses, and their printed films can be dried byexposure to steam.
The hardening or drying of these ink films is a precipitationphenomenon. The steam, usually issuing from a row of jets, saturates theatmosphere with moisture, While the water soluble solvent absorbssufficient water to cause the separation of the binder. During thisprecipitation, the coloring material adheres to the binder. In thisprocess of hardening printing ink films, the drying proceeds in onedirection, e. g. from the outer layer toward the paper.
This steam-setting method was developed due to the disadvantagesencountered with a somewhat older quick drying process relying upon thedirect heat from gas burners. The latter treatment dries out the paperand usually causes it to shrink. The steam treatment eliminates thisdefect; it has met with great success in printing processes other thanthat with high speed rotary presses as of the type shown in Gessler U.S. Patent 2,317,372 of April 27, 1943. Apparently the shorter exposureof the printed ink films on the speeding web is not sufiicient to drythe ink. Longer exposures to steam by multiplying the number of rows ofsteam jets is not always effec tive. Especially at low atmospherichumidity, it seems that a layer, impermeable to steam, surrounds thespeeding web; and in such a layer the humidity is not substantiallyraised to cause the hardening of the printed ink films.
I have found that by raising the moisture content of the paper prior toprinting, the printed films from steam-setting printing inks harden morequickly during subsequent exposure to heat or steam. This procedure willfacilitate the drying of steam-setting printing ink films on rotary highspeed presses.
The paper or the web may be moistened by a fine spray of Water, such asfrom an atomizer, or a jet of steam, or the moistening of the paper maybe accomplished by a system of printing press rollers. Since paper hasthe capacity to hold widely varying percentages of water, control ofwetting is necessary but not critical; relatively large proportions ofwater above the normal moisture content of paper may be applied withoutefiecting proper printing operations.
If the paper is moistened by a system of printing press rollers duringthe operation of a high speed rotary printing press, the water haslittle chance to penetrate deeply into the web before the printing takesplace. Thus the moisture will be at the outermost layer where it isneeded for its task Furthermore, if the paper is exposed to the directheat of impinging flames, its tendency to shrink is considerablyreduced. Whether the final hardening of the printed film will beaccomplished by direct heat or by the exposure to steam, either methodcombined with moistening the paper prior to printing effects thehardening of the ink film from both sides.
The application of this invention may be illustrated by the followingexamples:
Example I Figure 1 schematically presents the path of a web of fibrousmaterial through the printing process on a rotary press. As the web offibrous material unwinds from roller E, its surface is wetted by themoistening roller D, which may also serve as the tension roller. Thewater supplied comes from the fountain A, in which roller B isthoroughly wetted; distributing roller C is wetted by roller B, and ittransfers the water to the moistening roller D. It is understood thatthe set of rollers require an elaborate arrangement for adjusting therollers; they may be adjusted so that they do not touch each other ormay be adjusted so that they would squeeze each other. Any intermediateadjustment controls the amount of Water transferred to the surface ofthe web on its path tothe printing mechanism. Though the hardening ofthe printed ink film is independent of the printing mechanism, Figure 1illustrates a usual arrangement, such as an ink fountain F, from whichthe ink is picked up by roller G; distributing roller H shears the inkofi roller G, and transfers it to the impression roller I, which inksthe web while it is passing over the roller K. After printing, themoisture in the surface of the paper aids the impinging steam, issuingfrom the orifices of a row of steam pipes L, in hardening the printedink films.
Since sufficient moisture is already available in the surface of thefibrous material, steam is really not necessary to cause the hardeningof steamsetting printing inks; some other form of heat, such as from anelectric heating element, or from gas burners or oil burners, will justas well accomplish the hardening of the ink film.
After the ink film ls hardened, it is customary Example II In order tomoisten the web of fibrous material shortly before printing, rows ofsteam jets may be placed around the unwinding roller E and along thepath of the web ahead of the printing mechanism, as illustrated inFigure 2, which indicates the usual path of the web of fibrous materialon a rotary printing press, as explained in Example 1. Steam pipes withtiny orifices are arranged in rows A, B, C and D so that the orificesface the web. As the roller E unwinds and the web travels toward theprinting mechanism, all or part of the steam pipes can be brought intooperation to wet the surface of the fibrous material for proper printingoperation. The number of pipes in operation will depend upon the speedof the press and the pressure of the steam. After the printing, themoisture in the surface of the paper aids the impinging steam, issuingfrom the orifices of a row of steam pipes L, in hardening the printedink films.
In place of steam pipes for moistening the web of fibrous material priorto printing, water pipes with atomizers can be installed.
Example III The unwinding web is cooled below room temperature by eitherexposing it to liquid air, solid carbon dioxide (Dry Ice) or by passingit over several supercooled rollers, then a spray of steam or a spray ofatomized hot water is impinged upon the paper in order to moisten andreheat the paper, as closely to room temperature as desired, prior toprinting. After printing one of the several methods of drying may beapplied.
It is understood that the afore-mentioned examples are to serve as aguide and thatchanges may be made without departing from the scope 4 ofthis invention, as described and defined in the appended claim.
What is claimed is:
A method of improving the speed of hardening of a printed watersensitive ink film printed by a high speed rotary press on a rapidlymoving web of fibrous material, which comprises moistening the surfaceof said fibrous material immediately prior to printing with inkcomprising a coloring material, a water insoluble binder and a watermiscible solvent, forthwith printing said web while a substantialportion of the moisture is at said surface, and immediately afterprinting, causing the evaporation of excess moisture at the surface ofthe unprinted portion of the web to make it available for the thoroughhardening of said ink film.
ALFRED F. SCHMUTZLER.
REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 153,894 GrayAug. 11, 1874 653,791 Crump July 17, 1900 1,115,551 Lainey -1. Nov. 3,1914 1,774,398 Parker Aug. 26, 1930 1,867,256 Egli July 12, 19321,962,882 Shotwell June 12, 1934 1,992,753 Karlson et al Feb. 26, 19352,038,228 Leslie Apr. 21, 1936 2,087,190 Gessler July 13, 1937 2,127,955Frazier Aug. 23, 1938 2,133,330 Offen Oct. 18, 1938 2,157,385 GesslerMay 9, 1939 2,244,103 Erickson June 3, 1941 2,261,731 Nelson Nov. 4,1941 2,264,542 Montgomery Dec. 2, 1941 2,275,148 Hornbeck Mar. 3, 19422,298,803 Morris Oct. 13, 1942 2,317,370 Geese Apr. 27, 1943 2,370,811Osgood, Jr Mar. 6, 1945
| 2024-03-22 | 1945-04-04 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1951-07-03"
} |
US-44872821-A | Frame for games and other purposes
S. BROWN.
FRAME FOR GAMES AND OTHER PURPOSES. APPLICATION vFILED FEB. 28, 1921.
I Patented Oct. 18, 1921, j,/ 1w/L 2% 10151@ @ggfs By, f f fm. www
UNITED STATES STEWART BROWN, OF
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
FRAME FOR GAMES ANDOTHER PURPOSES.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. 18, 1921.
` Application led February 28, 1921. Serial No. 448,728.
T 0 all whom t may concern Be it known that I, STEWART BRowN, a citizenof the United States, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Frames for Games and other Purposes, of which the following,reference being had to the drawing accompanying and forming a parthereof, is a complete specication.
This invention relates to metal frames for pictures and other purposes.
Among the objects of the invention are, to economically obtain a durablemetal frame which may be used in a box like construction as the sidesand end walls thereof, as well also, to retain a front and a back tosaid construction; and also may be used as a frame in which a picturetogether with a protecting glass in front thereof and a protecting boardin back thereof, may be inclosed. Further objects ofthe invention are toobtain a frame which may form the side walls of a box like constructionand the re taining means whereby a glass front and a back may be builtinto said construction and held in spaced relation. Further objects areto obtain a sheet metal frame which can be easily built up at the timeof the assembling of the several parts which are to be inclosed in saidframe; whether the same be a picture and frame protected by a glassfront and a back, or a box like construction having a glass front andback in spaced relation.
In the drawing referred to Figure l represents a sheet metal ribbon fromwhich the frame illustrated is obtained.
Fig. 2 is a perspective of a frame which is obtained from the ribbonillustrated in Fig. l.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of said frame on line 3 3 of Fig. 2, viewed asindicated by arrows.
Fig. 4 is a section of one corner of the frame illustrated in Fig. 2, online /l-l of said Fig. 2, viewed as indicated by arrows.
A reference character applied to designate a given part indicates sai'dpart throughout the several figures of the drawing, wherever the sameappears.
- A, Fig. l and Fig. 4, represents sheet metal ribbons which are,respectively, provided with notches a, a, and tongue B, and aperture b.C, C, and D, l represent broken lines, on which the ribbons A and A arebent or formed, to obtain the frames illustrated in Fig. 2. E representsbroken lines to indica-te the lines on which the tongue B is bent inlocking the ends of the ribbon A together, in assembling the frameillustrated in Fig. 2. F, F, Figs. l, 2 and 3, represent indentations inribbon A; and G represents a ribbon of flexible material, as paper orcardboard, which is held in spaced relation to the body part of ribbon Awhen the several parts of the box like construction illustrated in Figs.Q and 3 are assembled. I-I represents a glass front, in the constructionillustrated in Fig. 2; and I a back in said construction. By thisspacing of ribbon G from ribbon A, said ribbon is held with the edgesthereof back from the edges of the front H and back I, and between saidfront and back, and said front and back are held in spaced relation bysaid ribbon G; as will be observed by referring to Fig. 3.
In assembling the frame obtained from ribbon A the tongue B is insertedin aperture o, subsequent to the bending of said ribbon on the brokenlines C, D and CZ; -and said tongue is then bent on broken line E, intothe position in which it is illustrated in Fig. et. Before bending saidribbon A on lines C the member G is bent on lines at right angles to theside edges thereof, the glass H and the back I are placed on the top andbottom edges of said member G, and the ribbon A is bent around saidfront, the back and said member G immediately prior to the insertion oftongue B in said aperture b. The sides of ribbon A may be bent on linesD, d, prior or subsequent to the placing of said ribbon around membersH, I, G, as preferred.
The notches a, o', are made of suiiicient diepth and size so that whenthe ribbon A, is bent on the lines D, (l, the edges of said notches areadjacent and are not particularly noticeable.
I claim:
l. In a new article of manufacture, a frame comprising a glass front anda back, a ribbon provided with an aperture adjacent to one end and atongue at the other end. and said ribbon bent adjacent to the sidesthereof to obtain flan-ges, in combination with an additional ribbon ofiexible matev rial. said ribbon being formed up with said additionalribbon inclosed by said first named ribbon and said tongue engaged insaid aperture to retain said ribbons in said formed up position, andmeans to hold said additional ribbon in spaced relation to said firstribbon, and between said front and back to retain said front and back inspaced relation.A
2. M new article of manufacture consisting` of a frame of sheet metalcomprising a ribbon provided with notches arranged in parallel onopposite sides-thereof, said sides being bent on lines extending betweenthe notches on a given side, to bring the edges of said sides intoplanes substantially at right angles to the plane of the body part ofsaid ribbon, and said body part provided With indentations and bent onlines extending from the notches on Yone side to the notches on theother side, anY additional ribbon of flexible material maintained inspaced relation to said first ribbon by said indentations, and arrangedto hold aglass front and a back in spaced relation, and means tomaintain said first namedribbon in its last named bent position.
STEWART BBOVVh1 In the presence of Y CHARLES TURNER BROWN, B. S. BROWN.
| 2024-03-22 | 1921-02-28 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1921-10-18"
} |
US-1914871608-A | Electric switch.
0. TQSNYDER.`
ELECTRIC SWITCH.
APPLICATION man Nov. 11, 1914.
1 l 85,85' 1 Patented June 6, 1916.
3mm/Mu @Mezz-T651] er' WJ aum,
UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEroE.
OWEN T. SNYDER, 0F COLUMBUS, OHIO', ASSIGNOR TO OWEN 'l'. SNYDER &COMPANY, A
FIRM COMPOSED OF OEN T. SNYDER .AND LOUIS F. FIESER, BOTH OF COLUMBUS,
OHIO.
ELECTRIC SWITCH.
Specicaton of Letters Patent.
Patented June 6, 1916.
Application led November 11, 1914. Serial No. 871,608.
a quick making and breaking of the eirv cuit controlled.
The main object of my invention resides in providing a structure of thistype wherein resilient means are provided for bridging the gap in anopen circuit, these resilient means being used in effecting the closureof the circuit and also for maintaining the circuit closed by a springcontrolled contact member.
A further object of my invention resides in the provision of a push rodcarrying a resilient extension which extension is so arranged that itoperates upon the pivotally mounted contact closure control arm in suchmanner that the spring extension bears on this arm on one side` -of itspivot point when in open position and upon the opposite side of thispivot point when in closed position.
My invention also resides in the specific structure shown, other objectsresulting therefrom being more apparent after a further detaileddescription of the accompanying sheet of drawings, in which similarcharacters of reference designate corresponding parts, and in which:
.Figure 1 is a face view of my switch shown in closed position with thecover plate removed, Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 and showing theswitch in open position, Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3-3 of Fig.1, and Fig. 4 is 'a-section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 3.
In carrying out my invention, I have provided a casing member 1 ofrectangular form preferably held closed by the cover structure shown at2. This casing is provided with a plurality of openings to receive wireconducting conduits 3. Two of the conduits shown in the present drawingare provided with wires 4, these wires leading into the 'switch casingand the circuits they control 1 is a push rod 5 carrying a handle orbearmg knob 6. This push rod is suitably journaled in the boss 7 in theend of the casing and in the upstanding bearing member 8 so that onlylinear movement is possible. This push rod is held in retracted positionor the position shown in Fig. 2 by the interposition of the coiledspring 9 between the bearing member 8 and a shoulder element 10 securelymounted upon this push rod. At its forward end there are attached twoleaf springs 11 carrying bearing members 12 at their ends opposite fromwhich they are attached, which bearing members are provided with rollers13. Thesev rollers 13 are de- SignedF to resiliently bear against arms14 pivoted to the casing 1 intermediate their ends as is shown at 15. Atthe forward ends of these arms there is attached a small strip ofinsulation 16 which pieces of insulation pivotally carry at their otherends contact or bridging members 17. These bridging members are of alength and shape to bridge the gap between each pair of binding posts 18carried upon a suitable block of insulation 19 within the casing 1. Itis to these binding posts that the incoming wires 4.- are attached as isshown "and movement of the contact members 17 to a position ofengagement with these posts as is shown in Fig. 1, will effect theclosure of the circuits.
My invention is particularly applicable to clrcuits designed to beclosed by such movlng parts as elevator or other doors, etc., it beingessential that the completion and breaking of the circuit be effectedvery rapidly. y
The manner of operation ofA my device is as follows, it being assumedtwo circuits are under the control of the switch member as is shown,although it will be apparent that the use of two circuits is notessential to the practising of my invention. The leaf springs l11 are ofsuch tension that the pivoted arms 14 will be held in the position shownin Fig. 2 when the push rod 5 is in its retracted position since therollers 13 bear on the ends of the arms 14 beyond their pivot points 15.The movement of the push rod 5 to the posi- Ytion shown in Fig. 1 causesthe resilient eX- 'the contact or bridging strips'l? are pivotallymounted to the insulating 'strips 16, they will readily adjustthemselves to a perfect contacting between each pair of binding posts 18as is shown'. The degree of pressure of these contact members upon theirrespective binding posts is of course determined by the tensionexercised by thel leaf springs 11. Release of the push rod from theposition shown in Fig. 1 causes a breaking of the circuits thus made bythe automatic action of the coil spring 9.
What I claim, is:
1. An electric switch comprising a casing, a lpush rod slidably mountedwithin said easing, resilient means for normally holding said rodl inits outermost position, an arm pivoted intermediate its ends, yieldingmeans carried by said rod arranged to bear on said arm on one side ofits pivot point when said rod is in its outermost position and on theopposite side of said pivot point when said rod is in its innermostposition, a pair of binding posts, and a contact member pivotallycarried by one end of said arm and arranged to engage said posts whensaid rodis in one of said positions.
2. An electric switch comprising a casing, a push rod slidably mountedwithin said casing, resilient means for normall holding said rod in itsoutermost posltion, a double pair of spaced binding posts, the pairslocated along opposite sides of said casing and on opposite sides ofsaid rod, a pair of arms pivoted intermediate their ends and on oppositesides of said rod, a pair of resilient extensions on said rod arrangedto tion and on the opposite side of said pivot point when said rod is inits innermost position, and a contact member pivoted to each-L arm at apoint betweenthe posts of each pair of posts and arranged to engage theposts of each pair when said rod is in its innermost position.
3. An electric switch comprising a push rod, guiding means for said rod,an engaging means on said rod, an arm pivoted intermediate its ends,said engaging means being arranged to bear on said arm on one side ofits pivot point when said rod is in its outermost position and on theopposite side of said pivot point when said rod is in its innermostposition a pair of binding posts, and a contact member pivoted to saidarm at a point to lie between said posts and arranged to engage theposts when said rod is in one of said positions.
4. An electric switch comprising a push rod, guiding means for said rod,and engaging means on said rod, an arm pivoted intermediate its ends,said engaging means being arranged to bear on said arm on one side ofits pivot point when said rod is in a 'corresponding position and on theopposite side of said pivotpoint when said rod is in a correspondingposition, a pair of binding posts, and a pivotally supported contactmember operatively mounted in connection with said arm to one side ofits pivot point arranged to engage the posts when said rod is in one ofsaid positions.
In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
OWEN T. SNYDER.
Witnesses:
WALTER E. L. Boon, A. L. PHELPS.
| 2024-03-22 | 1914-11-11 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1916-06-06"
} |
US-64459223-A | Fastener
July s. 1924. 1,500,475
F. S. TYSON FAsTENEn Filed June 11 192s WITNESSES:
INVENTOR f" 6&2
Patented July 8, 1924.-.A
unir-an" FREDERICK S. TYSON, OF LUCK HAVEN, PENNSYLVANIA.
, FASTENER.
Applicationled June .11, 1923.
T0 all whom t may concern:
Be it known that I, FREDERICK S. TrsoN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lock Haven, in the county of Clinton and State of`Pennsylvania, have invented certain new.- and useful Improvements inFasteners, of which the following .is a specification. Y
My invention relates to fasteners which are particularly adapted for usein fastening the meeting edges of covers which require a tight fit, suchas tire covers.
The objects are to provide a fastener which will not tear the part ofthe cover to which it is secured whendisconnecting the fastener toremove the cover; is easily and quickly connected and disconnected; willstay fastened in such a manner t-hat it is practically impossible for itto become disconnected without the manipulation ofa person, and which issimple in construction and cheap to manufacture.
These objects, and other advantageous ends which will be describedhereinafter, I attain in the following manner, reference being had tothe accompanying drawing in which- Figure l is a fragmentary side viewof a tire cover having my invention applied thereto,
Figure 2 an enlarged section onl line 2 2 yof Figure l,
Figure 3 a bottom plan view of Figure 2, and
Figure 4 a perspective view of a hook which forms a part of myinvention.
My improved fastener may be used for fastening any type of meeting edgesand for illustration' I have shown it applied to the meeting edges of atire cover. Y
In the drawing, l indicates a tire cover having the end 2 overlappingthe end 3. A hook 4 is secured to the end 2 in any suitable manner,preferably by a strap 5 passing through an attaching eye 6 of the hookand riveted to the end 2 by eyelets 7 or the like. The hook ispreferably made from tough wire and consists of a body part 8 having adownwardly bent locking part 9 which in turn merges into an outwardlyand upwardly bent part 10 having its end 11 bent slightly downward sothat a rounded end will engage the cover and thus prevent the end Jfromcutting or wearing its way through the cover.
Y The end 3 .0f the @ever is provided. with a sea-iai No. 644,592.
series of eyelets 12 adapted to receive the hook 4 for fastening the twoends of the cover together. The eyelets may be of any suitable type,either metallic or knitted. The series of'eyelets make the coveradjustable to ht different size tires.
To apply a tire cover, having my improved fastening means thereon, to atire the coveris placed around the tire in the usual manner and its endsoverlapped and Vpulled together tightly until the hook 4 reaches aneyelet l2. The end l1 of the hook is then passed through the eyelet andforced under the cover until the part 10 is conipletely under the coverand the bent part 9 falls into the` eyelet. The hook is then locked andheld in the eyelet by the engagement of the eyelet with the body 8 andbent part 9 and the engagement of the end 11 of the hook with the underside of the cover as shown at 13 in Figure 2.
A similar hook and series of eyelets are secured to the other side ofthe cover and fastened in the manner above described. Thus the ends ofthe cover are tightly fastened and held together by the fasteners sothat it is practically impossible for the fasteners to becomedisconnected unless manipulated by a person.
To remove the cover from the tire, the fastener is disconnected byforcing the eyelet away from the body part S and sliding it downward onthe bent part 9 until it engages the part 10, then by a slight pullingupward of the hook. the part 10 will slip out of the eyelet. The otherside of the cover is similarly disconnected andthe cover removed fromthe tire.
By constructing a fastener as above described the eyelet or hook is nottorn away from the cover when connecting or disconneet-ing the same; andthe outwardly and upwardly bent part 10, being in engagement with thecover as shown at 13, prevents the hook from slipping out of the eyeletand yet permits easy and quick connecpion and disconnection of the hookand eyelhile I have described my invention as taking a particular form,it will be understood that the various parts of my invention may bechanged without departing from the spirit thereof, and hence I do notlimit my self to the precise construction set forth, but consider that Iam at liberty to make such changes and alterations as fairlll) 1y comewithin the scope of the appended claims.
Y Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is Y 1. A fastener -including a hook having itsend bent outwardly and upwardly to extend beyond the length thereof7 andan eyelet for receiving the hook, the highest point on vtheQend of `thehook extending beyond the body of the eyelet.
2. A fastener including a hook having anattaching leye on one end andits other end bent outwardly and upwardly, and ,an eyelet for receivingthe hook, the bent end of the .hook extending beyond the body of theeyelet. Y
3. A fastener including a hook consisting of a body having an attachingeye on 'one end, a downwardly bent yhookin part on the other endsubstantially at rig t angles-.thereto andan-upwardly and outwardly bentlocking part extending from the hooking part, and an eyelet forreceiving the hooking part, the locking part extending beyond the bodyof the eyelet.
4. A fastener including a hook consisting of a body having vanatta-ching eye on one end, a downwardly bentlockingp'art on the otherend substantially at right angles thereto, an 'upwardly and outwardlybent locking part extending from the hooking cured Yto vone edge of thecover, andan 'eyeg let secured to the other edge ofthe 'Cover forreceiving the lhook, the hoolrhaving Aits L end bent outwardly andupwardly to ex-V tendbeyond thelength of the body 'of `the eyelet andengage the cover. Y In testimony whereof I have "signed my nanretoth'isspecificatien in thepresence of two -`subscribing witnesses.
FREDERICK s. TYsoN. lVitire'sses:
B. F. GEARY, J. `F-nonnivon B'IN.
| 2024-03-22 | 1923-06-11 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1924-07-08"
} |
US-1909490297-A | Car-truck.
J. C. BARBER.
GAR TRUCK.
APPLIUATION FILED APR. 16, 1909.
Patented Oct. 5, 1909. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
lTlrlllllL mnaiw. E. am #Nomumcmmena wAsi-uucmagi. u c.
J. C. BARBER.
GAR TRUCK,
APPLIUATION FILED APR. 1e, 1909.
Patented Oct. 5, 1909.
4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
(g2/Maf JMm-MZJ/f y L? @fa/ff 5 ANDREW, B. GRAHAM Pnomumonmmgns,wmlmumn, n c.
J'. C. BARBER.
GAB, TRUCK.
API-LIUATION FILED APR. 16, 1909.
Patented Oct. 5, 1909.
' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
J. G. BARBER.
GAR TRUCK.
APPLIOATION FILED APB. 1e, 1909.
Patented Oct. 5, 1909.
' SHEETS-SHEET 4.
'M NJLJDAU @li-hihi@ ITA )L MAIN i' U@ 'lik/'lila JOHN C. BARBER, OFCHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
CAR-TRUCK.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. 5, 1909.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, Jol-IN C. BARBER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Car-Trucks; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the saine.
My invention has for its object to provide a car truck which, while ofsimple and comparatively cheap construction, will, nevertheless, havevery great strength and durability.
To the above ends, the invention consists of the novel devices andcombinations of devices hereinafter described and defined in the claims.
In car truck construction it has been customary to support the truckbolster from the side frames of the car truck through groups of coiledsprings in rectangular or similar arrangement, with some of the springslocated either on the outer side or the inner side of the side frames ofthe truck.
In all car trucks, and especially in those designed to carry the veryheavy loads required for the present railway freight service, it ishighly important that the load be transmitted from the truck bolster tothe truck side frames without producing torsional strains on the latter.This is accomplished in the present invention by placing the bolstersupporting springs in tandem arrangement longitudinally of the truck andwithin the limits or transverse dimensions of such side frames.Otherwise stated, the said springs are arranged in a straight row andare seated between laterally spaced plates or members which form partsof the truck side frames. This tandem arrangement of the springs alsopermits the use of a truck bolster having very wide end portions andcorrespondingly wide supporting bearings which increase the ability ofthe bolster to withstand oscillatory movements or rocking movementstransverse of its longitudinal axis. This latter feature is also highlyimportant in heavy car construction.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the improved truck in itspreferred form, like characters indicate like parts throughout theseveral views.
Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a view in side elevation, showingthe improved car truck, some parts being indicated in diagram only andsome parts being removed; Fig. 2 is a view partly in transverse verticalsection and partly in end elevation, showing' the improved car truckwith the wheels and certain other parts removed; Fig. 3 is a plan viewshowing one side of the truck and approximately one-half of. the truckbolster', some parts being removed; Fig. L is a detail in horizontalsection taken on the line m4 zu* of Fig. l; Fig. 5 is a fragmentarydetail in plan, showing a portion of one side of the truck frame; Fig. 6is a plan view of one of the so-called bridge bars removed from thecoperating truck side frame; and Figs. 7 and 8 are views, respectively,in side and front elevation of the bridge bar, best shown in Fig. 6.
In this preferred construction, each side frame of the truck is made upof a pair of laterally spaced parallel steel channel bars l and a pairof cast steel end brackets 2. These end brackets 2 have dependingflanged portions that serve to space apart the ends of the channel barsl and are rigidly secured to the vertical webs thereof by rivets 3.Above the channel bars l, the end brackets 2 are provided with extendedribbed arms 4C that rest upon the cooperating car axle boxes 5, one ofwhich is shown diagrammatically at the right in Fig. l. The innersurfaces of the axle boxes 5 bear directly against the verticallyextended outer edges of the adjacent end brackets 2. The bottoms of theaxle boxes 5 are engaged by short independently detachable bottom bars 6shown as detachably secured to the horizontal lowermost webs 2a of therespective end brackets 2 see particularly Figs. 2 and 4). The axleboxes are secured to the arms 4E and detachable bars 6 of thecooperating end brackets 2 by long vertically extended bolts 8, as shownat the right in Fig. l.
The numeral 9 indicates the wheels diagrammatically, said wheels beingsecured to axles l0 and the latter being journaled in the boxes 5 in thecustomary or any suitable way.
When the bolts 8 are removed, the axle box may be moved horizontally outfrom its seats between the arm i and bar 6. When the bar 6 is detachedfrom the coperating i bracket 2, the truck frame may be jacked up l olffrom the axle boxes.
At their inner end portions, extending chiefly above but partly belowthe upper edges of the channel bars 1, the end brackets 2 are formedwith vertically extended bolster guiding or chaiing surfaces 11. Thesaid surfaces 11, in fact, take the place of socalled bolster columnswhich are provided in most types of car trucks. The space between theupper extremities of the bolster guiding surfaces 11 is spanned by aso-called bridge bar 12, the ends of which overlap with and aredetachably secured to the flanged upper edge portions of the brackets 2,by short nutted bolts 13. Brake hanger lugs 14, having projecting pins15, are shown as cast integral with the bridge bar 12. The projectingends of the lugs 111 (see F ig. 3) project inward so that theyconstitute stops for limiting the endwise movements of the truck bolster16 transversely of the truck.
The outturned lower flanges of the coperating channel bars 1 are rigidlytied together by a metal tie plate 17 shown as secured thereto by rivets1S. A spring base 19, which, as shown, is of inverted channel form,rests directly upon the tie plate 17 of each truck side frame and, asshown, is provided with upturned ears 19tL that are directly riveted tothe vertical webs of the channel bars 1 between which they are placed.Transversely crossed tie bars 20 connect the lower portions of the twoside frames of the truck and are preferably rigidly connected at theirends to the tie plate 17 and lower flanges of the channel bars 1, byrivets 21.
The coiled bolster supporting springs 22 are placed in tandem, inupright positions, between the channel bars 1 and are seated at theirlower ends directly upon the coperat` ing spring bases 19. As shown,there are four of these bolster supporting springs 22 thus mounted ineach of the laterally spaced side frames of the truck; and seated oneach set of springs is a combined spring cap and roller base 23 that isalso arranged to work in the pocket or cage formed between the laterallyspaced channel bars 1 and longitudi` nally spaced vertical surfaces 11of the two end brackets 2.
Bearing rollers 25 are placed in concave seats formed in the tops of thecombined spring caps and roller bases 23, and these rollers engage withother concave seats 26 formed in the under surfaces of the end portions27 of the bolster 16.
It is here important to note that the ends 27 of the bolster 16 areextended and made wider than the bolster body and that the roller bases23 and rollers 25 are materially longer than the width of the said truckbolster 16. This gives a very wide base support for the truck bolsterand, as above indicated, supports the same in such manner that it isfirmly held against oscillation in a direction longitudinal of the truckor around its own longitudinal axis. It will also be observed that theload is transmitted from the truck bolster to the lower portions of thetruck side frames and at points transversely midway between the channelbars 1. Otherwise stated, the strains transmitted from the truckbolsters to the truck side frames are delivered in vertical planesextending longi` tudinally of the truck centrally of the said sideframes, so that the said side frames are relieved from torsional strainsor, in other words, from strains which would tend to throw the same outof true vertical positions. This, as is evident, gives a maximumstrength with a minimum of material.
By reference to F ig. 3, it will be noted that the brake hanger lugs1-/1 stand in position to engage with the transifersely extended ends 27of the truck bolster 16 and to thereby limit the endwise movements ofsaid bolster transversely of the car.
1n Fig. 2, the numeral 28 indicates, as an entirety, a center bearingfor connecting the truck bolster 16 to the car or body bolster, notshown. The numeral 29 indicates side bearing lugs shown as cast on thebolster 16. The said bolster' 16 is shown as a cast steel bolster', but,so far as the present invention is concerned, it might be made in anyother suitable way.
Vhen the bolster is to be removed from the car truck, it is, with theconstruction illustrated, necessary first to remove the socalled bridgebars 12 from the truck side frames, and this being done, the bolster maybe lifted from working position. l/Vhen the bridge bars are applied, thetruck bolster is held interlocked to the truck frame with freedom forlimited vertical and endwise movements.
Vhat 1 claim is:
1. The combination with a truck having side frames made up of laterallyspaced beams and longitudinally spaced end brackets rigidly connectedthereto, of coiled bolster supporting springs arranged in tandem andseated in said side frames between the laterally spaced beams thereof,bridge bars detachably secured to and connecting the upper inner endportions of said end brackets, and a truck bolster supported by saidsprings with its ends working in the seats therefor formed in the sideframes between the cooperating end brackets, beams and bridge bars.
2. The combination with a car truck having side frames made up oflaterally spaced beams, longitudinal spaced end brackets and bridge barsdetachably secured to and connecting the upper inner end portions ofsaid end brackets, of spring bases located between and rigidly securedto the lower portions of said laterally spaced frame beams, uprightcoiled springs arranged in tandem and seated on said spring basesbetween the coperating laterally spaced frame side beams, combinedspring caps and roller bases seated on said springs and arranged to workvertically between said laterally spaced frame beams and longitudinalspaced end brackets, rollers seated on said combined spring caps androller bases, and a truck bolster having widened end portions seated onsaid rollers and working in the seats formed therefor in said sideframes between the connected end brackets, frame, beams and bridge bars.
3. The combination with a car truck having side frames formed withlongitudinally extended pockets, with transversely eX- tended bolsterpassages above said pockets, and detachable bridge bars above said bolster passages, of springs in tandem arrangement in said pockets,combined spring caps and roller bases seated on said springs, rollersthereon, and a truck bolster having its ends mounted on said rollers andworking within the bolster passages of said side frames.
4. In a car truck, the combination with frames having inwardlyprojecting brake hanger lugs, of a bolster mounted for vertical andendwise movements in said truck frame and having widened ends engageablewith said hanger lugs to limit the endwise movement of the bolstertransversely of the truck.
5. The combination with a truck having spring pockets in its side frame,of detachable bridge bars applied to said side frames above said pocketsand provided with brake hanger lugs, of springs in the pockets of saidside frames, and a truck bolster supported by said springs for limitedvertical and endwise movements and provided with widened end portionswith which the hanger lugs of said detachable bridge bars are engageableto limit the endwise movements of the bolster transversely of the truck.
In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
JOHN C. BARBER. llitnesses LEE W BARBER, E. lV. VEBB.
| 2024-03-22 | 1909-04-16 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1909-10-05"
} |
US-146924D-A | Improvement in car-couplings
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HENRY E. MARCHAND, OF ALLEGHNY CITY,PENNSYLVANIA.
IMPRGVEMENT IN CAR-COUPLINGS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 146,924, dated J anuary27, 1874; application filed August 5, 1873.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, HENRY E. MARCHAND, of Allegheny City, in the countyof Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have in vented certain new anduseful Improvements in Car-Couplings, of which the following is aspecification This invention relates to certain improvements in theautomatic car-couplin g patentedA to me March 25, 1873, No. 137,225, inorder to render the same more effective in operation.
The invention consists in providing a gravitating tri gger-arm, employedfor retaining the coupling-pin in an elevated position, with a beak orprojection on its forward upper edge. Vhen the coupling-link is drawnforward, said beak or projection will be caused to enter a recess orengage a projection on the coupling-pin, thus locking the same inposition. The invention further consists of an arched and coveredrecess, arranged in the draw-head, behind the coupling-pin, forreceiving the upper end of the trigger-arm; the
object being to prevent the entrance of snow, dust, Src., and toproperly guide the trigger arm.
In the drawings, Figure l is a perspective view of my car-coupling,representing the devices in position for coupling; Fig. 2, alongitudinal section of the drawhead, showing the internal arrangement.Fig. 3 is an enlarged detached view of the coupling-pin; Fig. 4, adetail view of the trigger-arm or pinsupport; Fig. 5, a view of thecoupling-link.
The draw-head A is of any preferred construction. 'Ihe couplingpin B,which slides vertically through the draw head, passes through an openingin the top of the latter, and is provided with ribs on its sides, whichenter guide-grooves in the side wall of the draw-head. The lower end ofthe couplingpin is enlarged laterally, and has a portion of its rearsurface cut away to form a shoulder, C, for the purpose hereinafterstated. An opening, D, in the door of the dlawliead, is made to enablethe pin to be inserted through the same; a suitable ring or link beingthen applied to the upper end, for limiting the descent of the pin. Avibrating or gravitating trigger-arm, E, is arranged within thedrawhead, and has its lower end inserted. or stepped into a seat, F, inthe iioor ofy the draw-head, immediately inrear of the coupling-pin. Thelower end of said trigger-arm is made of a curved shape, to permit it tooscillate in its seat, and it is further provided with a straight rearside, E', which limits its backward movement. The upper end of thetrigger-arm is provided with a beak or projection,` H, which, when thecoupling-pin is elevated, will, by its inherent gravity, be caused toengage with lger-arm E, as in Fig. 2, which causes the projection orbeak H to enter a recess, M, in the rear side of the coupling-pin, thusfirmly locking the same down and preventing its acci` dentalmisplacement.
An arched and covered recess, Gr,in the top of the draw-head, serves toreceive and guide the upper end of the trigger-arm E.
A decided advantage possessed by this covered arched recess over theopen slot shown in my former patent is the exclusion of rain, snow,dust, &c.
A ring or suitable catch, N, located in proper respect to the pin B, isemployed for supporting the same in an elevated position, when it isdesired to eut a train ornot to make a coupling.
I claim as my inventionl. In a car-coupling, a vibrating triggerarm, E,provided with a projection or beak, H, for engaging with thecoupling-pin B, in order to lock the same down, as and for the purposedescribed.
2. The coupling-pin, notched or recessed, as
shown, and arranged in respect to the vibrat.
ing pilrsupport, provided with a projection or beak, a-s set forth.
3. The draw-head, provided with a covered arched recess in its top,arranged,in respect to the vibrating pin-support E, as shown anddescribed, for the purpose set forth.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this14th day of July, 187
IIENRY E. MARCHAND.
Witnesses:
SAME. McMAsTERs, .ToHN N. GRAHAM.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1874-01-27"
} |
US-490379D-A | Book-support
(No Model.) Y
' A. H. WARD.
' BOOK SUPPORT.
No. 490,379. Patented Jan, 24, 1893.
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STATES ATENT FFICE.
YARTEMAS H. WARD, or WIOHITA, KANSAS.
BOOK-SUPPORT.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 490,379, dated January24, 1893.
Application filed February 16, 1892. Serial No. 421,712. (No model.)
To a whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, ARTEMAS I-I. WARD, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, residing at WVichita, in the county of Sedgwick and State ofKansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inBook-Supports, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings and the lettersandfigures of reference thereon, forming a part of this specification, inwhich Figure 1, isa front view of a section of a book case or rack,having thereon a number of books, representing one book removed, and myimproved support applied as in use. Fig. 2, a top view of the same,showing but two adjacent books. Fig. 3, a perspective view of the booksupport, and Fig. 4, a side view of the same, showing a blank librarycard in the card holder thereof.
This invention relates to certain improvements in a device forsupporting books on a shelf; to prevent the books inclining or fallingagainst one another where certain adjacent books have been removed fromthe shelf, and for holding a card for indicating the book removed, thepersonltaking the book and such other reference, pertaining to the book,which the librarian may desire to note upon the card; the constructionand arrangement of which are fully set forth and explained in thefollowing specification and pointed out in the claims.
The object of this invention is, toprovide a device which may besubstituted for books which have been removed from the shelves of alibrary; which will occupy the space formerly occupied by the removedbook or books; and bear against the adjacent books to support them intheir proper position, in order that they may not assume improperposition and disorder the library, and also to provide means of holdinga card adapted to have entered thereon the record of the book thesupport substitutes.
Referring to the drawings, the support is shown complete in Fig. 3, andconsists of a single piece of spring wire, and in forming the supportthe wire is primarily bent to form a rectangular frame having two sidesof greater length than the other two sides, bringing the ends of thewire to meet centrally at one short side, where they are bent at rightangle from said side and a portion, adjacent the said side, spirallytwisted together, as shown at 4.. At the-terminal of said spiral twistthe wire ends are again bent, in reverse directions to extend parallelwith the said frame side, as shown at 5 5. At a point equidistant fromthe junction of the spiral twist each of said wires is given a threefourths coil, in reverse directions, as shown at 6 6.
which brings the terminal portions 7 '7 to a position extending towardthe frame and parallel with the twisted portion 4, and further in thusshaping said terminal portions they are brought to bear against theparts 5-5. and against the frame side, as shown at 2 2; which portionsof the wire 4. 5 6 and 7 in conjunction with the adjacent frame side,form a card holder, in which the parts 2 2, of the frame, and the parts4 and 5 of the extension form a backrest or support for a card, and thewire terminals form spring arms for clamping on the face of a card tohold it against its back support.
To form or shape the book supporting portion of the device, the saidframe is bent or coiled, at a point about central of each longer side asshown at 3, 3, thus dividing the frame into two parts yieldinglyconnected, which parts I have numbered 1 and 2, that they may be known,one from the other in this description, and in making the bends or coils3 3, the frame parts 1 and 2 are brought to extend practically in onedirection or may be arranged converging from their bend or coil and areslightly curved, in body, from each other, as shown.
In use the support rests with one of the longer sides of the frame down,and with the shorter sides vertical, and when placed on a shelf tooccupy the space formerly occupied by a removed book, the end bearingthe bend or coils 3 3, is entered first, the frame being pushed inbetween the adjacent books in such manner as to bring the frame parts 1and 2 to bear against opposite books as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, when theyielding qualities of the support adapt the said parts 1 and 2 to becontracted or expanded to properly fill the space, and at the same time,by means of the tension of the bends or coils 3 3, exert sufficientforce to support the books against which IOC said parts bear. Suchposition of the frame brings the card holder at or near the front edgeof the shelf, or it may extend a little beyond, as shown in Fig. 2, inorder that a card in the holder may be plainly seen.
0 represents a form of blank card adapted as a record card to be placedin the holder, as is represented in Fig. 4:. The form of card may be,however, of any suitable character, which may be deemed suitable foreither past or present record of the book represented by the card.
In instances where the book removed is larger than the usual Width offrame of support, the support may be adjusted to accommodate itself tofill such space as the removal of such book would make, by simplyspreading apart the parts 1 and 2, in so doing slightly bending thebends or coils 3 3. Also Where two or three books are removed at oneplace, one holder may have placed in it a card for each book removed,or, if so desired several supports may be arranged side by side, havingplaced between them a temporary partition, such as a paper board or likepartition.
Having thus described my invention What I claim as new and useful anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows.
1. A book support for libraries, consisting of the two part Wire frame 5the said parts being yieldingly connected together, and adapted to exertpressure in opposite directions; and of a card holder incorporated inthe construction of one frame part, substantially as and for the purposeset forth.
2. The herein described book support comprising the opposite frame parts1 and 2, connected together by means of bends or coils as set forth; andthe card holder fixed to one of said parts and consisting of the partsto form a back support, and the spring arms for clamping the face of acard, substantially as specified and shown.
ARTEMAS H. WARD. Vitnesses:
WM. J. HUTCHINS, V. B. HAGIN.
| 2024-03-22 | null | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1893-01-24"
} |
US-23727551-A | System and apparatus for projecting three dimensional motion pictures
Jan. 3, 1956 I .v. BERNIER 2,729,133
SYSTEM AND AP ATUS FOR PROJECTING THREE DIMENSIONAL MOTION PICTURESFiled July 17, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 G PROJECTOR POLARIZERS PROJECTEDIMAGES Fl 6 -2 SCREEN SHUTTERS 71 SCREEN IN VEN TOR.
ROBERT V-BER IER ATTOR YS Jan. 3, 1956 R v BERNIER 2,729,138
SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR PROJECTING THREE DIMENSIONAL MOTION PICTURESFiled July 17, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q I 7o 80 FIG-7 a6 FIG-6 86 1\ 3184u 87 so 32 84 3 FILM 3 L INVENTOR.
V RQBERT v. BER IER BY POLARIZER 87 ATT NE 8 Jan. 3. 1956 R v. BERNIER2,729,138
SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR PROJECTING THREE DIMENSIONAL MOTION PICTURESFiled July 17, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG 8 FILM IN V EN TOR.
Jan. 3. 1956 Filed July 17, 1951 CIRCULAR POLARIZER 130 FIG '42 s R. V.BERNIER SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR PROJECTING THREE DIMENSIONAL MOTIONPICTURES 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 165 INVENTOR.
ROBERT V. BER IER BY W444...
'ATT RNE s United States Patent SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR PROJECTINGTHREE DIMENSIONAL MOTION PICTURES Robert V. Bernier, Dayton, Ohio,assignor, by mesne assignments, to Synthetic Vision Corporation, Dayton,Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application July 17, 1951, Serial No.237,275 5 Claims. (Cl. 8816.6) (Granted under Title 35, U. 5. Code(1952), see. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured andused by or for the Government for governmental purposes without paymentto me of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to the projection of threedimensional motionpictures.
The invention has as a primary object the provision of a system andapparatus for projecting three-dimensional motion pictures which will befully comparable in quality with conventional cornercial two-dimensionalmotion pictures from the standpoint of clarity, illumination, contrast,synchronization, registration and freedom from flicker and like defectstending to cause eye strain.
The invention may be readily understood from a brief review of thetheories and practice of conventional motion picture projection. In thisconnection it is a commonly accepted fact that the human eye will retainan image for second, and therefore that it will retain continuity ofmovement of motion pictures taken and projected at the rate of tenframes per second. However, at this rate the eye will detect the flickerwhich results from shifting alternate frames, since this causes taryinterval of darkness on the screen, and the eye can detect fluctuationsof light and darkness on the screen at frequencies below approximately40 per second.
In order therefore to assure continuity of vision and movement withoutflicker, standard projectors are equipped with a shutter mechanism whichinterrupts the beam both during the instant when the film is advancingand also during the interval of projection at a sufliciently highfrequency to give a total of at least 40 fluctuations per second oflight and darkness on the screen. For example, in commercial 35millimeter projectors for theatre use, the normal rate of projection is24 frames per second and such projectors incorporate a shutter systemwhich interrupts the projected beam once during the projection of eachframe and again during the advancing movement of the film to changeframes. Thus at a film speed of 24 frames per second, the eye receives atotal of 48 images per second from the screen, and this system givesprojected two-dimensional motion pictures of the excellent qualityavailable in theatres today. It has also been proposed to increase thisprojection rate to 30 frames persecond, which at the same shutter ratewould provide 60 fluctuations or images per second. Similarly inconventional 8 and 16 millimeter projectors, the standard rate ofprojection is 16 frames per second and the shutter operates to cut offthe beam three times per frame, thus again giving a total of 48 imagesper second, while in 8 and 16 millimeter sound projectors, theprojection rate is 24 frames per second and the shutters operate two orthree times per frame for a total of 4-8 or 72 fluctuations per second.
Many attempts have been made to produce threedimensional motion picturesof a quality comparable to that obtained in two-dimensional projection.For example, highly satisfactory results are obtainable by means of twinprojectors utilizing separate films for the right and left eye imagesrespectively, and each provided with a momena polarizing filter orientedin the opposite direction from the filter in the other projector, theviewers with such a system utilizing polarizing spectacles having theirlenses similarly arranged in opposite directions. However, such a systementails difiiculty in one respect for the reason that accuratesynchronization and registration of the films in the two projectors mustbe maintained, and this is difficult to achieve in commercial operation,particularly in the event of a film break or like mishap. Also theexpense of the twin projectors represents a major increase over the costof normal equipment for two-dimensional projection, the standardpractice being to employ two single projectors so that one may be loadedwith a fresh reel while the other is operating in order to providecontinuous projection.
Another system proposed in the past has involved the use of a singleprojector employing motion picture film wherein alternate frames carrythe right and left eye stereoscopic images, with the projector beingprovided with a polarizing device operable to shift the direction ofpolarization of the respective right and left eye images through Forexample, my Patent No. 2,478,891, issued August 16, 1949, illustratessuch a system and apparatus in which a barrel-shaped polarizing filteris mounted for rotation in the path of the projected beam on an axisnormal to the beam. The polarizing axis of this filter is so arrangedthat as the filter rotates, it polarizes the beam first in one directionand then at 90 to the first direction, and rotation thereof issynchronized with the movement of the film to give properly opposeddirections of polarization of the respective right and left eye images.
The polarizing filter in the system is readily synchronized with thefilm travel, as by a direct driving connection with the film itself or apart of the film drive sys tem, and thus gives accurately opposeddirections of polarization for the two eye images. Also since thisfilter is continuously rotating, it is effectively self-cooling as wellas free of undesirable vibration and shock. 0n the other hand, sincewith this system the images for the two eyes are projected alternately,during the interval when the image for one eye is on the screen, andvice versa. Therefore, in a 35 millimeter projector operating at 24frames per second and equipped with a shutter device as outlined above,each eye in succession will first see two images of the same frameduring an interval of second, but the screen will then appear dark tothat eye for the next V second while the two images for the other eyeare being projected, and since the resulting alternating intervals oflight and darkness on the screen fluctuate at a frequency of only 24 persecond, they are within the range detectable by the eye and give theeffect of flicker.
This result can be prevented by changing the feeding mechanism of theprojector in such manner that the images for the two eyes alternate morerapidly. For example, highly satisfactory results have been obtained bymeans of a projector equipped with a shutter mechanism such that thebeam is interrupted at the rate of three times per frame and alsoequipped with a feeding mechanism for the film incorporating a specialshuttle system such that each frame in succession is moved first intothe film gate aperture, then back out of the aperture, then againforward into the aperture, then forward beyond the aperture, and thenback into the aperture again before being finally advanced beyond theaperture. With such a projector operating at a net film speed of 24frames per second, the right and and left eye images will alternate onthe screen at the rate of 72 per second, and the dark interval for eacheye on the screen is therefore only approximately second, and this issulficiently near the rate of 40 fluctuations per second which is notwithin the power of the eye to detect to give effectively flickerlessprojection. However, while this result is practically obtainable bymeans such as the special shuttle system outlined above, incorporationthereof in existing projectors would require substantial reconstructionin addition to the fact that it results in greatly increased wear on thefilm in use.
The present invention is accordingly directed to the provision of asystem and apparatus capable of producing results with three-dimensionalfilm which are at least equal in quality and flicker standards topresent day two-dimensional film without requiring a special feedingmechanism or control of the feeding mechanism, and more particularly thepresent invention is directed to making possible the achievement. ofsuch results in commercial projectors of the type now in use inmotion-picture theatres without requiring material change of theprojectors and without affecting their ability to projecttwo-dimensional motion pictures.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided an optical systemwhich employs a projector operating generally in the conventional mannerand utilizing alternate frame stereoscopic film as outlined above, butin place of. the singlefilm gate aperture normally used fortwo-dimensional projection, a pair of apertures is used, with theseapertures being spaced in the direction of film travel in such relationthat successive frames of the film-will register simultaneouslytherewith for simultaneous projection on the screen. Thus each frameisprojected successively through each of the two apertures, so. thatwhenever the shutter of the projector is open, there will be both aright eye and a left eye image on the screen. In order to separate theright and left images for proper viewing, the projector incorporates apolarizing device for polarizing in opposite directions the two beamscarrying these two images, and the operation of this device is socoordinated with the film feeding mechanism of the projector, that thedirection.
of polarization of each beam is shifted through 90 each time the filmadvances one frame.
It, will accordingly be seen that with this system of the invention asoutlined above, the fluctuations of light and dark intervals on thescreen are identical for both eyesof the viewer and also are identicalwith the operation of the same projector utilizing a single film gateaperture for two-dimensional projection. There fore, the quality of thepictures from the standpoint of synchronization, registration andfreedom from flicker will be identical with the quality of thetwo-dimensional pictures produced with the same projector operating at tthe same frame and shutter rates. In addition, since with this systemthe same film transport mechanism and shutter arrangement are employedas for two-dimensionalprojection, it is possible with a minimum ofmodification to adapt a two-dimensional projector for use in t thethree-dimensional projection system of the invention.
It is accordingly 'a major object .of the present invention to provide asystem and apparatus for projecting three-dimensional motion pictureswhich will require only a single projector operating in the standardmanner and utilizing motion picture film wherein alternate frames carrythe right and left eye stereoscopic images and which will result inthreesdimensional motion pictures fully comparable in quality withconventional commercial two-dimensional pictures.
It is also a major object of the invention to provide such a system andapparatus capable of ready incorporation in conventional motion pictureprojectors, including commercial 35 millimeter motion picture projectorsof the type commonly used in motion picture theatres, which will notrequire change of the existing systems for feeding the film andoperating the sound track, and which will notafiect the utility of theprojector for two-dimensional projection.
Another object of the invention is to provide an optical system andapparatus for the projection of three-dimen:w sional motion pictures asoutlined above in which a pair of apertures is used for the simultaneousprojection of alternate frames of the film carrying right and left eyestereoscopic images, with the beams projected from these apertures beingpolarized in opposite directions, and with the directions ofpolarization of the two beams being reversed as the film advances inorder to maintain proper opposite polarization of the two projectedimages at all times.
A further object of the invention is to provide an optical system andapparatus as outlined above for the projection of three-dimensionalmotion pictures wherein either linear or circularly polarized light maybe used for the projection of the two images of the stereoscopic pairs.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description, the accompanying drawings, and the appendedclaims.
In the drawings Fig. l is a ray diagram illustrating an optical systemfor the projection of three-dimensional motion pictures in accordancewith the invention;
Fig. 2 is a ray diagram illustrating the adaptation of the opticalsystem of Fig. 1 to another type of projector;
Fig. 3 is a detail view in perspective illustrating one of thepolarizing devices employed in the projection system of Figs. 1 and 2;
Fig. 4 is an exploded diagrammatic view in the nature of a perspectivefurther illustrating the operation of the projection system of Fig. 2;
Figs. 5 to 7 are ray diagrams illustrating modifications ofthe opticalsystems of Figs-1 and 2;
- Fig. 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic view in vertical section takenapproximately on the line $-S of Fig. 9 and illustrating a lens andpolarizer system embodying the optical system of the invention andadapted for incorporation in an existing projector;
Fig. 9 is a sectional view approximately on the line 99 of Fig. 8illustrating the adjustable mounting for the outer projection lenselements;
Fig. 10 is a fragmentary sectional view through one of the polarizingunits of Fig. 8, the view being approximately on the line 10-40 of Fig.ll;
Fig. 11 is a somewhat diagrammatic view illustrating the operativerelation of one of the polarizing units of Fig. 8 withits associatedouter projection lens element;
Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 4 illustrating a form of the opticalsystem of the invention incorporating circularly polarized light;
Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 4 illustrating a form of the opticalsystem of the invention incorporating a different arrangement of linearpolarizers for the projected beams;
Fig. 14 is a detailed view in front elevation, with portions ofthecasing broken away, shov /ing an intermittent 1 drive mechanism foroperating the polarizing elements of Fig. 13;
Fig. 15 is a section on the line 15-15 of Fig. 14; and
Fig. 16 is a fragmentary view illustrating a moved position of certainof the parts in Fig. 14.
Referring to the drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of theinvention, in the system illustrated in-Pig. 1, the film 20 is showndiagrammatically as having right and left eye stereoscopic images inalternate frames, as indicated by the R and L designations, and theseimages may be taken alternately in the initial preparation of the filmor may be taken simultaneously and then printed alternately on the film.The projector is provided with a pair of film gate apertures -r and 22arranged in spaced relation .in the direction of film travel in theusual way, and these apertures are of such size and in such spacedrelation that they will register simultaneously with successive framesof the film.
I The lighting system of Fig. 1 is shown as generally of the characterprovided in the Ampro 16 millimeter sound projector referred to in myabove noted patent. The beam from the filament source 24 and reflector25 passes through the condensing lenses 26 to the apertures 21 and 22,and it is controlled by a shutter 30 shown as the barrel-type mountedfor rotation on its central axis and having a pair of opposed openingstherethrough. The main light beam is arranged to pass through bothapertures 21 and 22 to provide a pair of beams 31 and 32', and aseparate pair of projecting lenses 33 and 34 is provided for each ofthese beams, with the lenses 34 being mounted for adjustment towards andaway from each other by means such as a threaded control rod 35. Thelenses are cut away on their adjacent edges to facilitate centering withtheir respective apertures, and it may also be desirable to include aseptum or baflle 36 as shown to maintain separation between the beams 31and 32.
- In order to provide for optical separation of the two images of thestereoscopic pair projected onto the screen, the beams 31 and 32 arepolarized in opposite directions by means of a pair of polarizingdevices 40 shown as of the barrel-shaped construction disclosed in myabove noted patent, and shown in detail in Fig. 3. Each of these devicesincludes two semi-cylindrical strips 40R and 40L of sheet polarizingmaterial having their polarizing axes at to the length thereof and withthe axes of the two strips relatively at right angles, all as indicatedby the diagonal lines in the drawings. The polarizers 40 are mounted forrotation in the path of beams 31 and 32 on a common axis 41 normal tothe beams, and they are 180 out of phase with each other so that whenthe strip 40R in one polarizer is presented to its associated beam, theportion 40L of the other polarizer will be presented to the other beam.The polarizers 40 may be driven in any suitable way from the drive ofthe projector, as indicated diagrammatically at 42, to maintain them inproper synchronization with the advancing film so that each projectedright eye image will be polarized in the proper direction and vice versafor each projected left eye image.
After the beams 31 and 32 have passed through the polarizing strips 40Rand 40L, they are reflected out of the polarizers as by means of aparallel beam displacer 44 arranged as shown to reflect both beams firstgenerally axially of the polarizers and then again forwardly to carrythe polarized images indicated diagrammatically at 45R and 45L towardsthe screen 46. Vertical registry of the two beams to obtain accuratesuperimposition of the two images on the screen is readily obtained byreiative adjustment of the two lenses 34 towards or away from each otherby means of the control 35 as may be required to raise or lower the pathof the center of each beam 31 and 32 through the projector, and if eachpair of lenses 33-34 is mounted in a common mounting, the pairs oflenses can be similarly shifted towards and away from each other asunits for the same purpose. In either case, this adjustment willordinarily be made only during initial installation for a givenprojection distance and should not thereafter require changing.
In the operation of this system and apparatus, Fig. 1 illustrates therelative positions of the parts during the instant when frames carryingright and left eye images respectively are registered with the apertures21 and 22 and the shutter 30 is open. The upper beam 31 will carry theright eye image to the screen while the lower beam 32 will carry theleft eye image to the screen, with these beams being oppositelypolarized by the polarizing devices 40. With the shutter 39 rotating atone and onehalf revolutions per frame, these images will be flashedthree times on the screen. Then during the third closed interval of theshutter, the film will advance so that the frame carrying the right eyeimage previously registered with apertures 21 will move to aperture 22while at the same time a frame carrying a new left eye image will moveinto registry with aperture 21. Beam 31 will accordingly then carry theleft eye image while beam 32 carries the right eye image, but thepolarizers 40 are caused to rotate on their axis 41 at such a rate thatthe portion 40L of the upper polarizer will move into the path of beam31 while the shutter is closed during the transport period of the film,while at the same time the portion 40R of the lower polarizer will moveinto the path of the beam 32, this result being readily obtained bydriving the polarizers at one third the rate of rotation of the shutter.Thus each time the relationship of the two beams is changed with respectto the right and left eye images by the advance of the film, theirdirections of polarization will simultaneously be changed so that therelationship of each image and its direction of polarization remains atall times the same.
Fig. 2 shows essentially the same optical system as Fig. l incorporatinga modified arrangement facilitating the adaptation of the system toanother type of projector such particularly as a conventional commercial35 millimeter projector of the type commonly used in motion picturetheatres. The film 20 is of the same characteristics described inconnection with Fig. 1 and is fed by means of the usual intermittentsprocket and constant speed sprockets S1 and 52 past the apertures 21and 22. The light source 24 is shown as a pair of arcs which may be usedin cooperation with the spherical mirror 25 in place of a single are ifmore light is desired than is available with a single arc. The shutterfor this projector is shown as a pair of double bladed shutters 55driven in opposite directions from a drive shaft 56.
in place of having the polarizers 40 arranged together as in Fig. l, inthe system and apparatus of Fig. 2, the polarizers are axially separatedto provide space therebetween for incorporating a mounting and drive,and the two beams 31 and 32 are accordingly similarly displaced withinthe projector. This result is readily effective by means of a pair of 45prisms and 61 which first reflect the beams in opposite directions andthen again reflect them forwardly through the lens systems 33-34 towardsthe polarizers 40. Also a beam displacer 62 or 63 is mounted forcooperation with each of the polarizers 40 to reflect the polarizedbeams out of the polarizers and then again forwardly towards the screensimilarly to the beam displacer 44 in Fig. 1.
This arrangement as shown in Fig. 2 readily provides space between thetwo polarizers for receiving a selsyn slave motor provided with a directdrive connection for both polarizers, and in order to synchronize thisdrive accurately with the shutters 55, the selsyn slave motor 70 isshown as electrically connected at 71 with a selsyn generator motor 72provided with a geared drive 73 to a gear 74 in the shutter shaft 56. Ifthe two-bladed shutters rotate at one revolution per frame, then withthe gears 73 and 74 arranged in a one to two ratio, the selsyn motorsand polarizers will be driven at the desired rate of one half the rateof revolution of the shutters in order to time the positions of the twoparts of each polarizer with the shifting of the right and left eyeimages between the two light beams 31 and 32.
Provision should be made in this system for coordinating the polarizerswith the film in the event that they should be out of phase so that theleft eye image will be polarized for the right eye and vice versa, asmay happen at the beginning of a reel and which causes pse'udoscopy. Asimple arrangement for correction of this condition comprises a mountingfor the selsyn generator motor 72 permitting rotation of the motorhousing through 180, as indicated at 76, which will cause correspondingrotation of the shaft of the slave motor 70 and thus establish theproper synchronized relation of the polarizers with the film. A driveshown diagrammatically at 77 is provided for manual operation to causethis rotational movement of the motor when required. This drive mayinclude a geared arrangement as shown for the same. purpose in my abovenoted patent, or it may include. a simple electrical arrangement such asa solenoid andratchet drive equipped with a control switch positionedfor ready actuation by the operator. Then if at the beginning of thereel the operator notes that the film and polarizers are out of phase,the drive 77 will quickly and easily correct this condition.Alternatively, such correction may be effected by means of theconventional racking: mechanism for correcting improper loading of thefilm in the projector.
Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically the operation of the system andapparatus of Fig. 2. In Fig. 4, the reflecting surfaces of the prisms 60and 61 are represented by mirrors'fitla, 6%, 61a and 61b respectively,and the re-. fleeting surfaces of the prisms 62 and 63 are similarlyfrepresented for convenience of illustration as mirrors 62a, 62b, 63a and6312 respectively. Fig. 4 also; shows diagrammatically at 75 thepolarizing spectacles worn by the viewers of the projected images 45Rand 451., and it will be noted that the lenses of these spectacles areshown as having their polarizing axes arranged in. proper parallelrelation with the directions of polarization of the two images, so thatthe right eye of the viewer sees only the right eye image 45R and viceversa.-.
Fig. 5, illustrates a simplified optical system which is generallysimilar to that of Figs. 2 and 4 and in which therefore. the partscorresponding to those in Figs. 2 and 4- bear similar referencecharacters. In Fig. 5, however, the polarizers 86 are of another typedisclosed in my above noted patent in that each includes only a singleemu-cylindrical strip of polarizing material. while the remainder. ofits cylindrical outline is either open or clear. With this arrangement,the polarizers are oriented in the same directions, but they are 180 outofphase so that when the convex surface of one polarizer is presented tothe beam 31, the concave side of the other polarizer will be presentedto the beam 32 and vice versa. This arrangement results in. polarizingthe two beams in opposite directions and also in reversing theirrespective directions of polarization as the polarizers rotateinsynchronization with the advance of the film. In this connection, itshould be noted that it is not essential for the maintenance of properpolarization to. reflect the beamsout of the polarizers 4G in Figs. 1.and 2, since withthe polarizers 40 formed as shown in Fig. 3, lightpolarized by passage through either the portion 40R or 40L-will betransmitted by the other portion alhough at somewhat reduced intensityowing to the inherent light absorbing properties of polarizingmaterials.
Fig. 6 shows still another optical system embodying many of the sameelements as shown in Fig. 2 but with a simplified projection andpolarizing system. In Fig. 6,
thebearns 31 and 32 traverse a single projection lens systern comprisingthe lenses 8S and 84 in such manner that they are reflectedto oppositesides of the horizontal center of the system, and these beams are firstreflected in opposite directions by means of an angled mirror. 85 andare then again reflected towards the screen by mirrors 86 and 87. Apolarizing device 88 is mounted for rotation about themirrorfie", asshown so as to intercept the two reflected beams 31 and 32 betweenmirror 85 and mirrors 86 and 87, and this polarizer includes portions88R and 88L having theiraxes arranged respectively circumferentially andaxially of the polarizer so that the resulting right and left eye imageswill be polarized in horizontal and vertical planes respectively, thisorientation of the polarizing axis of the parts being necessary in thisarrangement because if the 45 polarization were usedas in the otherviews, the desired oppositely polarized images would not be obtained. Itwill be noted'that the arrangement of Fig. 6 is somewhat more compactthan those of the other views and requiresonly a single polarizer andalso the selsyn motor-.985 for driving the'polarizer is readily mountedas Fig. 7 shows an arrangement similar to that of- Fig. '6
. but incorporating a pair of polarizers 8% arranged in .the
' same manner as described in connection with Fig. 2.
With this arrangement, polarizers having their axes.
oriented at 45 may be used, and the mirrorsoperate as shown to reflectthe two beams 31 and 32 first in opposite.
directions and then again forwardly through the polarizers and towardsthe screen. It will be apparent that polarizers of the type shown at 49in the other viewsv may also be used, either with or without additionalprisms or mirrors as described in connection with Fig. 5.
It will accordingly be seen that these systems as illustrated in Figs. 1to 7 eifectively duplicate the optical conditions for each eye inthree-dimensional projection which are now provided for both eyes inconventional twodimensional projection apparatus. Whenever there is animage for one eye on the screen, there is an image for the other eye,and these images fluctuate with the intervals of darkness provided bythe shuttersat the same rate as.
in two-dimensional projection. Thus as in Fig. 4, if eachof thetwo-bladed shutters rotates at one revolution per frame and theprojector operates at 24 frames per second, the images and the intervalsof darkness will fluctuate at the rate of 48 times per second, giving toeach eyethe same number of images as in conventional two-dimensionalprojection. Each eye will therefore see the same frame fourtimesat thesefilm and shutter speeds as comparedwith twice in. the case oftwo-dimensional projection under comparable conditions, giving atotal oftwelve frames per second: per eye as compared-with 24 frames per secondper eye in two-dimensional projection, but this difference is notsignificant for the reason that this rate of change of the frames iswell within the persistence of' vision of the. eye, which as notedabove, is approximately ten images per second, so that continuity ofvision andrnovementwill be amply maintained.
In addition to these features of freedom from flicker and propercontinuity of vision and movement provided by the apparatus and systemof the invention as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7, it is also important tonote that these advantages are obtained in accordance with the inventionwithout affecting the accepted operating conditions and mechanisms ofthe conventional projectors in common present day use. Thus athree-dimensional motion picture may be produced and projected inaccordance with the invention on standard film, under standard operatingconditions, and with the film of the accepted proper length in terms ofthe running time and total number of' Essentially all that is requiredto adapt a standard reels. projector for use in the practice of theinvention is'the substitution of a film gate member having two aperturesinstead of one and the substitution of a modified lens system and ahousing for the lens system of the proper size and shape to support theseveral lenses, prisms',;
These substituted parts may readily be provided-in such form as'to beinter-.
polarizers and drive for the polarizers.
changeable with the corresponding parts for two-dimensional projectionin conventional projectors.
Figs. 8 to 11 illustrate in more detaila structural arrangementembodying the optical system of the invention and adapted for readyincorporation in an existing projector. The film 29 carries stereoscopicimages in alternate frames as previously described and travels pastapertures 21 and 22in the film gate insert 99, and the shutters 55correspond to the similarly numbered parts in Figs. 2 and 4. A barrel 1%forms a common housing for the projeection lenses 33 and 34, thepolarizers 4t and their. associated parts, and this housing is formed at101 to.
receive guide rods or mounting bolts of the usual typefor supporting thelens barrel or conventional projector within the main projector housing.
The inner lens elements 33 are carried in a common.
mounting 152 at the inner end of the housing 100, and
these lenses have their adjacent edge portions cut away and separated bya septum 36 as previously described. Separation of the two beams 31 and32 is effected by refraction within a pair of thick optical flats 105tilted at an angle to give the desired displacement of the beams andmounted in the housing 100 between each lens 33 and its associated lens34, and beam displacers 62 and 63 cooperate as described in connectionwith Fig. 2 with the polarizers 40 to refiect the polarized beams out ofthe polarizers and then forwardly towards the screen. Ready adjustmentof the beams for accurate superimposition on the screen is efiected bythe sliding mountings 110 for the lens 34. As shown in Fig. 9, theselens frames are vertically slidable in housing 100 and includeoppositely tapped extensions 111 for receiving the oppositely threadedportions of the adjusting screw 112, which may in turn be connectedthrough gearing 113 with a control rod 115 corresponding to the similarmember 35 in Fig. 1.
Figs. and 11 show structural details of the polarizers 40. On the innerside of each polarizing unit is a web 120 having a cylindrical orotherwise concave central portion for receiving one end of the selsynslave motor 70 and including a hub portion 121 for attachment to themotor shaft. The outer edge of web 120 is flanged at 122 to retain theinner side edges of the polarizing strips 40R and 40L, and a retainingring 123 for the opposite edges of the polarizing strips is secured toweb 120 as by means of a plurality of pins or rivets 125. The twopolarizers may be of identical construction for mounting on oppositeends of the drive shaft of the motor 70 and the motor may be readilymounted within housing 100 by means of a bracket 126 of suitable shape.
If the projector operates as described at a shutter speed which providesfor both interrupting and projecting each frame twice, then thecircumference of each polarizer 40 should be properly correlated withthe diameter of the outer lens element 34 to assure properly uniformpolarization of each projected image. Thus Fig. 11 represents theposition of one of the polarizers 40 at the moment corresponding to thefully closed position of the shutters, and it will be seen that thepolarizers should rotate at such rate that the shutters will open andclose twice during each half-revolution of the polarizer. The portionsmarked a in Fig. 11 represent the areas of the polarizer which will bealigned with the lens 34 at the fully open positions of the shutters,but it will be seen that some light will be transmitted by the lens overapproximately the entire larger areas marked b as the shutters movebetween fully opened and fully closed positions. in addition, thepositions of the pins 125 should be so selected that they will bealigned with the lens only in the fully closed position of the shutters.In order to meet these several conditions, therefore, the circumferenceof each polarizer 40 should be at least eight times the diameter of theouter projection lens element.
As pointed out, the above systems and apparatus are readily incorporatedin conventional projectors to give three-dimensional motion pictureprojection of alternate frame stereoscopic film without otherwisechanging the standard operating conditions and feeding mechanism of theconventional projector. It should, however, be noted that the advantagesof the invention may be obtained without requiring shifting of thepolarizers as described if the film feeding mechanism is modified toeffect advance of the film two frames at a time. If this change is madein the standard film feed, then the right and left eye images willalways be projected through the same aperture 21 or 22 respectively, andit would then not be necessary to shift the polarizers. If under theseconditions, difiiculty should develop in keeping the polarizersadequately cooled, a difiiculty which does not exist with the systems asdisclosed in which the polarizers rotate continuously and are thusself-cooling, this difiiculty could be overcome by forming eachpolarizer of a continuous 10 strip of polarizing material having itsaxis uniformly oriented at 45 to its length and by continuously rotatingthis polarizer in combination with mirrors or prisms as shown in Figs. 1and 2.
The above systems embodying the invention have been described asemploying linear polarizers, but the invention is also applicable to theuse of such systems employing circularly polarized light. For example,the polarizers 40 in Figs. 1 to 4 and 8 may be formed as circularpolarizers by the incorporation with each of the linearly polarizingstrips of a strip of quarter-wave retardation material having itsprincipal vibration direction at 45 to the axis of the polarizingmaterial. In the case of the polarizers 40, the quarter-wave materialshould be on the inside of the polarizing strips, so that the light willpass first through the polarizing material and then through retardationmaterial, and similar results may be obtained with the polarizer 88 ofFig. 6 by adding a strip of quarter-wave retardation material on theoutside of the polarizing device. Also, if circularly polarized light isused, the system may be modified to employ a single polarizing disk inplace of the barrel-shaped polarizers described, and such an arrangementis shown in Fig. 12.
The system of Fig. 12 embodies in large measure the same essential partsas the systems of Figs. 1 to 4, and the parts are correspondinglynumbered. The polarizing device 130, however, is shown as a disk mountedfor rotation on a shaft 131 located between and parallel with the beams31 and 32. This device includes two semicircular members 135R and 135Lof linear polarizing material having their axes at right angles as shownby the cross-hatching, together with a circular member 136 ofquarter-wave retardation material having its principal vibrationdirection at 45 to the axes of both polarizing members, as indicated bythe arrow 137. The viewing spectacles 140 accordingly also include innerlayers 140R and 140L of linear polarizing material and outer layers 141of quarter-wave retardation material, the relative orientations of thepolarizing axes and the principal vibration directions of these partsbeing represented by the cross-hatching and the arrows 142.
With this arrangement as shown in Fig. 12, the size and rate of rotationof the circular polarizer are correlated with the general arrangementand operation of the projector in such manner that as the polarizerrotates, its portion R will intercept the beam 31 whenever this beam iscarrying a right eye image but will move to intercept the beam 32 whenthat beam is carrying a right eye image, and vice versa. Thus with theshutters operating as described at one revolution per frame, thepolarizer should rotate at one-half revolution per frame in coordinatedrelation with the film advancing mechanism such that the dividing linebetween the portions R and 140L will cross the paths of the beams 31 and32 while the shutters are closed. This operating relationship may bereadily computed in a manner similar to that described in connectionwith the polarizers 40 and the projection lens elements 34, andotherwise the operation of this system is essentially the same asalready described in connection with Figs. 1 to 4.
It is also possible in accordance with the invention to employ linearpolarizing disks in the optical systems of the invention, providingthese disks are driven intermittently in coordinated relation with theoperation of the shuters and film advancing mechanism to shift thepolarizing axes of the disks through 90 each time the film advances.Fig. 13 shows a system which is otherwise similar to those of the otherviews but incorporates separate polarizing disks in the paths of thebeams 31 and 32. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 13 with the beam 31carrying the right eye image and the beam 32 carrying the left eyeimage, the polarizers 150 are similarly oriented in the paths of the twobeams,
and when the film advances to locate a frame carrying a right eye image.in the aperturet22, the polarizers are rotated through 90 to maintainproper polarization. as
a drive connection tothe shaft through the torsion spring 161 having oneend carried in sprocket 156 and the other-end in a collar 162 fast onshaft 160. The rim 151 also carries a pairofescapement teeth 165 mountedat opposite ends of a diameter for cooperation with a double armedescapement leverloo pivoted at 157 in the casing and operated by meansof a linl: 176 pivoted on a crank portion 171 of shaft 16%, the link 17%being pivoted to lever 166 by a pin 172.
It will thus be seen as the shaft 165) rotates from the position shownin Fig-14, it will first act to wind up spring 161, and then as itscrank connection to lever 166 rocks the lever to release the tooth 165abutting pallet 166a. on-lever 165, the rim 151 will be free to rotateunder the urging of spring 161 and sprocket 156 until the other tooth165 abuts pallet 3166b as shown in Fig. 16. These-pallets are located 90apart so that this movement of disk15tl shifts its polarizing axis 175through 90 as shown to produce the required shift of the direction ofpolarization of the beam transmitted thereby. Continned: rotation,ofshaft 163 will cause lever 166 to rock hack to the position shown inFig. '14 and thus to permit a further 90 of rotation of the polarizer15%, and this actionwill continue as long as shaft 160 is driven. Thedrive for this shaft is readily. provided as described from the mainprojector drive, and if the drive ratio is one to four with respect tothe drive for the shutters 55, the properly correlated relationship ofthe directions of polarization of the projected images will bemaintained. It will also be noted that a similar intermittent drive maybe provided with the circular polarizer 13% in Fig. 12 properlycorrelated with the advancing movement of the film;
While the forms of apparatus herein described constitute preferredembodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the inventionis not limited to these precise forms of apparatus, and that changes maybe made.
therein without departing from the scope of the invention which isdefined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for projecting three-dimensional motion pictures upon acommon. projectionsurface from filmhaving unpolarized right and left eyestereoscopic images in alternate full frames thereof, comprising meansdefining a pair of film gate ape tures past which said film is adaptedto travel successively, said apertures being spaced in the direction offilm. travel to register simultaneously successive frames in said film,means for simultaneously projecting a beam of unpolarized lightthrougheachsaid aperture to. project right and left eye images simultaneouslyfrom successive said frames, means for advancing said film frame byframe past said apertures,
acylindrical transparent polarizing filter mounted in the path of eachof said beams from said apertures to said projection surface forrotation about an axis perpendicular to the direction of travel of theportion of said beam passing therethrough, each said filter includingtwo semicylindrical portions of polarizing material having thepolarizing axes thereof perpendicular to each other and at substantially45 to said rotational axis of said filter, means for directing each saidbeam radially through the near sideof the associated said filter topolarize said beam, means for directing.said'polarized beams generallyaxiallyiof said filterstotpositions outsidesaid-filters and from saidpositions to said projection surface in superimposed relation, and meansfor continuously rotating said filters in coordinated relationwith, eachother and with said drive means to reverse the respective directions ofpolarization of said beams each time said film is advanced to cause allsaid right eye images and all. said left eye images to be polarized inrespectively opposite directions.
2. Apparatus for projecting three-dimensional motion 7 pictures upon acommon projection surface from film having unpolarized right and lefteye stereoscopic images in alternate full frames thereof, comprisingmeans defining a pair of film gate apertures past which said film isadapted to travel successively, said apertures being spaced in thedirection of film travel to register simultaneously successive frames insaid film, eans for simultaneously projecting a beam of unpolarizedlight through each said aperture to project right and left eye imagessimultane ously from successive said frames, a cylindrical transparentpolarizing filter mounted in the path of each of said beams from saidapertures to said projection surface for rotation about an axisperpendicular to the direction of travel of the portion of said beampassing therethrough, said filter including two semi-cylindricalportions of polarizing material having the polarizing axes thereofperpendicular to each other, means for directing each said beam radiallythrough said polarizing filter in a predetermined path causingpolarization of said beam in opposite directions in coordinated relationwith the rotation of said polarizing member, drive means for advancingsaid film frame by frame to register each said frame first with one saidaperture and then with the other, means for directing said polarizedbeams upon said common projection surface, and means operativelyconnected with said drive means for rotating said polarizing membersthrough said respective positions thereof in' syn chronized relationwith said advancing means to reverse the respective directions ofpolarization of said beams each time said film is advanced and therebyto cause all said right eye images and all said left eye images to bepolarized in respectively opposite directions.
3. Apparatus for projecting three-dimensional motion pictures upon acommon projection surface from film having unpolarized right and lefteye stereoscopic images in alternate full frames thereof, comprisingmeans defining a pair of film gate apertures past which said film isadapted to travel successively, said. apertures being filter mounted inthe path of each of said beams from said apertures to said projectionsurface for rotation about an axis perpendicular to the direction oftravel of the portion of said beam passing therethrough, each saidfilter including two semi-cylindrical portions of polarizing materialhaving the polarizing axes thereof perpendicular to each other and atsubstantially 45 to said rotational axis of said filter, means-fordirecting each said beam radially through the near side of theassociated said filter to polarize said beam, means for directingsaid'polarized beams generally axially of said filters to positionsoutside said filters and from said positions to said projectionsurface'in superimposed relation, and meansgfor continu: ously. rotatingsaid filters in coordinated relation with each other and in synchronizedrelation with saidadvancing means to reverse the respective directionsof polarization of saidbeams each time said film is advanced andtherebyto cause all said right eye images and all said left eye images to bepolarized in respectively opposite directions.
4. Apparatus for projecting three-dimensional motion pictures upon acommon projection surface from film having unpolarized right and lefteye stereoscopic images in alternate full frames thereof and inconjunction with a projector having a light source and including meansdefining a pair of film gate apertures and a drive for advancing saidfilm frame by frame past said apertures, comprising a housing adapted tobe secured to said projector in the path of light beams from said lightsource through said aperatures, projecting lens means in said housingfor said light beams, means in said housing for laterally displacingsaid light beams, a cylindrical transparent polarizing filter mounted insaid housing in the path of each of said beams for rotation about anaxis perpendicular to the direction of travel of the portion of saidbeam passing therethrough, each said filter including twosemi-cylindrical portions of sheet polarizing material having thepolarizing axes thereof perpendicular to each other and at substantially45 to said rotational axis of said filter, means in said housing fordirecting each said beam radially through the associated said filter topolarize said beam, means in said housing for directing said polarizedbeams to said projection surface in superimposed relation, and meanscoordinated with said drive for continuously rotating said filters insynchronized relation with said drive to reverse the respectivedirections of polarization of said beams each time said film is advanced and thereby to cause all said right eye images and all said lefteye images to be polarized in respectively opposite directions.
5. Apparatus for incorporation with a motion picture projector having alight source and a drive for advancing motion picture film frame byframe to adapt such projector for projection of three-dimensional motionpictures from film having unpolarized right and left eye stereoscopicimages in alternate full frames thereof, comprising means defining apair of film gate apertures adapted to be positioned in said projectorin the path of light from said light source for registry with successivesaid full frames of said film, a housing adapted to be secured to saidprojector in the path of light beams from said light source through saidapertures, projecting lens means in said housing for said beams, acylindrical transparent polarizing filter mounted in said housing in thepath of each of said beams for rotation about an axis perpendicular tothe direction of travel of the portion of said beam passingtherethrough, each said filter including two semi-cylindrical portionsof sheet polarizing material having the polarizing axes thereofperpendicular to each other and at substantially to said rotational axisof said filter, means in said housing for directing each said beamradially through the associated said filter to polarize said beam, meansin said housing for directing said polarized beams to a commonprojection surface in superimposed relation, and means for connectingsaid filters with said projector drive to rotate said filters incoordinated relation with said drive causing reversal of the respectivedirections of polarization of said beams each time said film is advancedand thereby causing all said right eye images and all said left eyeimages to be polarized in respectively opposite directions.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,879,793 Chubb Sept. 27, 1932 2,145,437 Thomas Jan. 31, 1939 2,152,959Gilmore Apr. 4, 1939 2,251,177 Thomas July 29, 1941 2,268,338 Kober etal Dec. 30, 1941 2,270,198 Schensted Jan. 13, 1942 2,415,550 Yarosh Feb.11, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS 224,393 Great Britain Nov. 13, 1924 366,287Italy Dec. 23, 1938 555,670 Great Britain Sept. 2, 1943 582,773 GreatBritain Nov. 27, 1946 650,277 Great Britain Feb. 21, 1951
| 2024-03-22 | 1951-07-17 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1956-01-03"
} |
US-42217630-A | Machine for winding disk coils
Dec. 26, 1933. H. DERSEN 5 L ,MACHINE FOR WINDING DISK COILS Filed Jan.20, 1930 Patented Dec.Z6,1933 I 1 941 391 4 N E ATEsr rEar oFFicE; 7
machine of this kind,'the construction of which a pointed'tip 13.
i V -1,941,391 v 1 MACHINE FOR WINDING DIs coILs I Heinrich Dersen, St.Tonis, near Krefeld, Gen
many, assignor to firm Maschinenfabrik Carl Zangs,Aktiengesellsehaft,Krefeld, Germany I l v 1,?
Applicationdanuaryfil), 1930, Serial No. 422,176,
g andin Germany January 28, 1229 I V *1 Claims. (01, 242 -18) w I w .Myinvention relates to a machine for the windmachine frame 2 a fixedbracket 6, on which are ing of coils, more particularly of disk coils,that located two bearings 7 and 8. The bearing 8 r is to say, of coilswhichare wound upon a stais'preferably fitted to a rod 9, which is,slidable tionary ,coil' body, .usually consisting ,of wood, in thebracket '6, and'can be clamped by means j which is provided at both,ends withfixed disks of a clamping screws, A shaft 10,-rotatable and orflanges; the coil body not being mounted upon longitudinally slidable inthe bearing 7, "carries a spindle but being clamped between resilient atone end the friction pinion 3,: and at the other pointed tips or thelike. end a disk 11, which is preferably coated'with I The object of, myinvention is to provide a frictional material 12, and carries in thecentre a is compact and independent of the length ofthe In the bearing 8is rotatably and slidably supcoils. q 1 ported a second pointed tip14,'which is adapted, A further object of my invention is to providetogether with the pointed tip 13, to clamp thej simple .to:operate,a=single springserving at the on the outside a pin 16, which isprovided at the same time for clamping the 'coil and forpressing endwith a head 17. The bearing 8 is provided thefriction wheel that: drivesthe coil againsta at the outer end with a lateral projection, infriction disk. g V V l which acylindrical body 19 is rotatably sup-"Finally another ob'ect of my invention is. to ported. The end of thecylinder. 19 projecting provide a machine in which a gradual engage:outof the bearing carries a small lever 20, the I mBlllL of :thedriving'means is possible, and; in end of which isconstructed as a disk21. On the which therefore the coil begins to rotate slowly, cylinder 19is mounted a pin 22, which engages and any sudden pulling and breakingof the in a slot 23 in the extension 13, this slot being thread isobviated. r v sotdimensioned that it limitsthe rotation of the amachinewhich will be simple to constructand .coil' 15. The cylindrical part ofthe tip 14'carries 1 One'co'nstructional example of the machine iscylinder .19 toabout degrees. Between the illustrated in theaccompanying 1 drawing, in cylinder 19 and the pointl l is mama spring24 which w I surrounding the shank 16, this spring tending to Figure lisa side elevation of the Winding'maforce the, tip 14 inwards. l The head17 isin this 7 chine, the means forftensioningandguiding the mannerpressed against the cylinder 19, and the jthread being omitted. w partof the cylin'derlB on which the head'r'l'l 5 Figure 2shows an exampleofalcoil unit in side bears' is cut away, approximately to the extent of;elevation, the driving means being engaged, one halflso that it forms acam guide, by means Figure 3 is an end view of the'coilujnit shown ofwhich the pointed tip 14 can be drawn back in Figure 2,-and l 7 againstthe pressure of the spring 24 or allowed Figure ,4 is a section throughtheouter end of to move inwards under the pressure of the the coil unitshown in Figure 2f'as. seen from spring 24. j above. U o r t The methodof working of the apparatus is The winding machine comprises aframe. 2,as followste I f' and a shaft 1 journalled in'the centre thereof, Thebearing 8 is so adjusted, by shifting the which extends throughout; theentire breadth rodj9 and clamping it by means of thescrew 9,
of the machine frame, and is driven by any suit; according to the lengthof the coil 15 to be wound, able means, not shown. 'Upon the shaft llisthat the spring 24, when itis permitted topush mounteda number offriction, disks 4, there being thepointed tip 14 forwards, presses thetip 14 v one friction disk for each two coil units located against'thecoilz15 and presses the latteragainst opposite to one another.The-friction wheels 3 the pointed tip '13 and the shaft 10, and therebybear with one side of their surface on the. peso displaces the shaft 10that the friction wheel riphery. of the friction disk and are driven byit." 3 bears on the friction disk 4, but is no longer 'I'hethreads runofi reels 5, which are provided pressed against ;the friction disk '4when the at the upper partof themachine framegu Each' pointed tip 14" issomewhat drawn back by the ,1 thread is guided by a tension device and arerotation of thecylinder l9, and the spring 24 is 1 ciprocating threadguide, which are both ofthe thereby somewhat compressed, a usualconstruction, and are not described or After the 'parts are thusadjusted the winding illustrated, since they-do not form part of thiscan begin. In the first place the lever 20 ,is invention. a I 1 I Vrocked in such away that the cam. end of the For each coil unit there'isprovided-on the cylinder 19 somewhat draws back the pointed tip ment inalin'ement with the winding shaft, the longitudinally displaceable inthe said bearing,
said abutment and winding shaft being adapted to hold a bobbin to bewound between their adjacent ends, a spring tending to press theabutment towards the winding shaft, and there'- by, if there is a bobbinbetween the abutment and the, winding shaft, to displace the windingshaft longitudinally so as to bring the friction wheel mounted thereoninto operative engagement with a friction disk on the machine shaft, acam adapted to retract the abutment against the action of the spring,and a manually operable lever for actuating the cam.
7. In a bobbin-winding machine, friction disks, means for continuouslyrotating the friction disks, and winding units each adapted to be drivenby one of the friction disks, each winding unit comprising a bracket, astationary bearing mounted on the bracket, a shaft rotatable andfriction disk.
a friction wheel secured to the said shaft and adapted to engage and bedriven by one of the frictionidisks, a second bearing mounted on thebracket in alinement with the said stationary bearing, a, second shaftlongitudinally displace-.
able in the secondgbearing, the two displaceable shafts being adapted tohold a bobbin between them, means tending to displace these two shafts,together with a bobbin held between them and the friction wheel, so asto press the friction wheel into engagement with the correspondingfriction disk, and means for counteracting at will this displacingtendency and keeping it counteracted, thereby allowing the frictionwheel to become and to remain disengaged from the I HEINRICH, DERSEN. L
| 2024-03-22 | 1930-01-20 | USPTO-Google Patents Public Data | {
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1933-12-26"
} |
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